CN113481446B - Circulating pre-deformation method for improving creep age forming capability and performance of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Circulating pre-deformation method for improving creep age forming capability and performance of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113481446B CN113481446B CN202110838735.1A CN202110838735A CN113481446B CN 113481446 B CN113481446 B CN 113481446B CN 202110838735 A CN202110838735 A CN 202110838735A CN 113481446 B CN113481446 B CN 113481446B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention provides a cyclic pre-deformation method for improving creep age forming capability and performance of an aluminum alloy, which relates to non-ferrous metal material processing engineering and comprises the following steps of S1: water quenching is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate after solid solution; s2: carrying out aging and deformation treatment on the quenched plate; s3: circularly pre-deforming the plate subjected to aging and deformation treatment; s4: the circular pre-deformation provided by the invention can reduce the creep aging temperature and the creep stress while ensuring the strength and the formability of the member, compared with the creep temperature and the creep stress of the conventional aluminum alloy plate creep aging forming, the creep temperature is reduced by 20-50 ℃, the creep stress can be reduced by 10-200 MPa, and the aluminum alloy member can still obtain larger creep amount and mechanical property. The aluminum alloy is creep age-formed at a lower temperature and in a shorter time, so that the forming precision and the manufacturing efficiency of the component are improved, the shape cooperative manufacturing is facilitated, and the energy consumption is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to non-ferrous metal material processing engineering, in particular to a circulating pre-deformation method for improving creep age forming capability and performance of aluminum alloy.
Background
The aluminum and the aluminum alloy have the advantages of small density, high corrosion resistance, good electric and heat conductivity and the like, and are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, rail transit and the like. The technology of lightweight production of automobiles and large-scale aluminum alloy integral wall plates is a research hotspot for manufacturing aluminum alloy parts in recent years, and in order to meet the requirements of lightweight and high performance, the creep age forming technology of aluminum alloys is gradually applied in recent years. In the creep aging process, the workpiece is subjected to initial elastic deformation by loading external force lower than the yield strength at a proper artificial aging temperature. And then, the temperature and the external force are kept to be loaded, part of elastic deformation is gradually converted into unrecoverable plastic deformation, the stress relaxation phenomenon is generated in the workpiece at the same time, and the microstructure is subjected to aging precipitation. The creep aging forming technology has the characteristic that the processing forming and the heat treatment are carried out simultaneously, can realize the improvement of macro-micro performance while carrying out accurate forming, and is suitable for forming the components such as the whole ribbed aging-strengthened aluminum alloy wall plate with variable thickness and complex appearance structure. The deformation is in the elastic range, so the forming stress is low, the dimensional accuracy is high, the forming is carried out at the aging temperature, so the stress is released, the residual stress of the material is reduced, the forming/performance is effectively carried out in a coordinated way, and the manufacturing period is short.
In practical production applications, however, the temperature effect on the formation of the component during creep age forming is significant. The creep amount and the mechanical property of the low-temperature creep aging forming component are lower, the creep rate is low, and the manufacturing period is long. The higher the temperature of creep aging is, the higher the energy consumption is, so the creep aging forming cost is higher at the higher temperature, and meanwhile, the high-temperature aging is easy to cause the over-aging of the aluminum alloy, and the performance of the component is obviously reduced. With the continuous development of the industry, the performance and the forming precision of the aluminum alloy member are required to be higher and higher, and the improvement of the creep amount in the creep aging process of the aluminum alloy and the mechanical property after the creep aging process of the aluminum alloy are very important. In conclusion, the key of the high-strength aluminum alloy formability cooperated with the integrated manufacturing lies in improving the creep amount and the mechanical property of the creep age forming component, so that a simple and effective aluminum alloy creep age forming method is urgently needed, and higher material strength and better forming property can be obtained at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a circular pre-deformation method for improving creep age forming capability and performance of an aluminum alloy, and aims to solve the problem that creep age forming cannot be effectively and simply carried out on the basis of obtaining higher material strength and better forming performance in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cyclic pre-deformation method for improving creep age formability and performance of an aluminum alloy, comprising:
s1: water quenching is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate after solid solution;
s2: carrying out aging and deformation treatment on the quenched plate;
s3: circularly pre-deforming the plate subjected to aging and deformation treatment;
s4: and (4) creep age forming is carried out on the plate subjected to the circular pre-deformation.
Preferably, the aging treatment in s2 is natural aging for 0-30 days or artificial aging for 0-48 h.
Preferably, the deformation amount of the deformation treatment in s2 is 0% to 80%.
Preferably, the cyclic predeformation in the s3 is alternating cyclic deformation, the cyclic frequency is 0.01Hz to 200Hz, the cyclic amplitude is 50MPa to 800MPa, the cyclic strain ratio or stress ratio is-10 to 10, the cycle frequency is 10 to 106, and the cyclic predeformation temperature is-198 ℃ to 500 ℃.
Preferably, the s3 cyclic predeformation is alternating cyclic deformation, the cyclic frequency is 0.01 Hz-200 Hz, the strain amplitude is 0.02% -10% deformation, the cyclic strain ratio or stress ratio is-10, the cycle frequency is 10-106, and the cyclic predeformation temperature is-198-500 ℃.
Preferably, in the creep aging forming in s4, the temperature of the creep aging is 50-300 ℃, the processing time is 2-24 h, and the creep stress is 30-500 MPa.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy plate is a hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy plate is age-hardening aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the age-hardening aluminum alloy includes a 2xxx series, a 6xxx series, and a 7xxx series.
The scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the aluminum alloy member is subjected to cyclic deformation pretreatment, under the same creep aging temperature and time, compared with the traditional T4-state aluminum alloy, the creep deformation is improved by 2-8 times, compared with the T3-state aluminum alloy, the creep deformation is improved by 20-200%, and the formability is improved. Compared with the member prepared by the traditional method, the aluminum alloy treated by the creep age forming process after the circular pre-deformation provided by the invention has the advantages that the elongation percentage can be kept unchanged, the yield strength is improved by 20-200 MPa, and the tensile strength is improved by 20-200 MPa.
2. The cyclic pre-deformation provided by the invention can reduce the creep aging temperature and the creep stress while ensuring the strength and the formability of the member, and compared with the creep temperature and the creep stress of the creep aging forming of the conventional aluminum alloy plate, the creep temperature is reduced by 20-50 ℃, the creep stress can be reduced by 10-200 MPa, and the aluminum alloy member can still obtain larger creep amount and mechanical property. The aluminum alloy is creep age-formed at a lower temperature and in a shorter time, so that the forming precision and the manufacturing efficiency of the component are improved, the shape cooperative manufacturing is facilitated, and the energy consumption is saved.
3. The cyclic predeformation method provided by the invention can introduce a dislocation loop microstructure into an aluminum alloy matrix, thereby effectively improving the creep deformation amount, and simultaneously providing nucleation sites for precipitation in the aging process and providing a large amount of strength contribution for the aluminum alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention patent;
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of creep curves for comparative and example aluminum alloy sheets.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a cyclic pre-deformation method for improving creep age forming capability and performance of an aluminum alloy. The cyclic pre-deformation is carried out by using an MTS Landmark electrohydraulic servo testing machine. The high-temperature creep aging test is carried out on an RMT-D10 electronic high-temperature creep endurance strength testing machine produced by Sagitatey company, the temperature control precision of the testing machine is +/-2 ℃, and the load precision is +/-3N. Tensile testing used criteria were: GB/T228-2002.
Comparative example 1
And (3) carrying out 535 ℃ solution treatment on the 2219 aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace for 1h, and carrying out water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate (simulating the industrial T4 state). And then carrying out creep aging treatment on the plate, wherein the creep aging temperature is 165 ℃, the creep time is 12h, and the creep stress is 150MPa, and carrying out a tensile test after the plate is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
Comparative example 2
The 2219 aluminum alloy is subjected to 480 ℃ solution treatment for 1h in an air circulation resistance furnace, and the aluminum alloy plate is pre-stretched by 8 percent after water quenching (simulating the industrial T3 state). And then carrying out creep aging treatment on the plate, wherein the creep aging temperature is 165 ℃, the creep time is 12h, and the creep stress is 150MPa, and carrying out a tensile test after the plate is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
Example 1
And (3) carrying out 535 ℃ solution treatment on the 2219 aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace for 1h, and carrying out water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate. Then the plate is subjected to cyclic pre-deformation treatment, the cyclic strain amplitude is 0.5%, the strain ratio is-1 (symmetrical tension and compression), the frequency is 0.5Hz, the cycle times are 500 times, and the temperature of the cyclic test is kept at 25 ℃ at room temperature. And then creep aging treatment is carried out, the creep aging temperature is 165 ℃, the creep time is 12h, the creep stress is 150MPa, and the plate is taken out and cooled at room temperature to carry out a tensile test.
Example 2
And (3) carrying out 535 ℃ solution treatment on the 2219 aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace for 1h, and carrying out water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate. Then the plate is subjected to cyclic pre-deformation treatment, the cyclic strain amplitude is 0.5%, the strain ratio is-1 (symmetrical tension and compression), the frequency is 0.5Hz, the cycle times are 500 times, and the temperature of the cyclic test is kept at 25 ℃ at room temperature. And then creep aging treatment is carried out, the creep aging temperature is 165 ℃, the creep time is 12h, the creep stress is 50MPa, and the plate is taken out and cooled at room temperature to carry out a tensile test.
Example 3
And (3) carrying out 535 ℃ solution treatment on the 2219 aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace for 1h, and carrying out water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate. Then the plate is subjected to cyclic pre-deformation treatment, the cyclic strain amplitude is 0.5%, the strain ratio is-1 (symmetrical tension and compression), the frequency is 0.5Hz, the cycle times are 500 times, and the temperature of the cyclic test is kept at 25 ℃ at room temperature. And then carrying out creep aging treatment, wherein the creep aging temperature is 120 ℃, the creep time is 12h, and the creep stress is 150MPa, and carrying out a tensile test after the plate is taken out and cooled at room temperature.
Example 4
And (3) carrying out 535 ℃ solution treatment on the 2219 aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace for 1h, and carrying out water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate. Then the plate is subjected to cyclic pre-deformation treatment, the cyclic strain amplitude is 0.02 percent, the strain ratio is-1 (symmetrical tension and compression), the frequency is 80Hz, and the cycle frequency is 5 multiplied by 105Next, the cycling test temperature was maintained at no more than 300 ℃ at the maximum. And then creep aging treatment is carried out, the creep aging temperature is 165 ℃, the creep time is 12h, the creep stress is 150MPa, and the plate is taken out and cooled at room temperature to carry out a tensile test.
Example 5
And (3) carrying out 535 ℃ solution treatment on the 2219 aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace for 1h, and carrying out water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate. Then the plate is subjected to cyclic pre-deformation treatment, the cyclic strain amplitude is 5%, the strain ratio is-1 (symmetrical tension and compression), the frequency is 0.02Hz, the cycle times are 10 times, and the temperature of the cyclic test is kept at 25 ℃ at room temperature. And then creep aging treatment is carried out, the creep aging temperature is 165 ℃, the creep time is 12h, the creep stress is 150MPa, and the plate is taken out and cooled at room temperature to carry out a tensile test.
Example 6
And (3) carrying out 535 ℃ solution treatment on the 2219 aluminum alloy in an air circulation resistance furnace for 1h, and carrying out water quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy plate. Then the plate is subjected to cyclic pre-deformation treatment, the amplitude of cyclic stress is gradually increased from 130MPa to 240MPa, the strain ratio is 0.1 (only tension and no compression), the frequency is 0.2Hz, the cycle frequency is 500 times, and the temperature of the cyclic test is kept at 25 ℃ at room temperature. And then creep aging treatment is carried out, the creep aging temperature is 165 ℃, the creep time is 12h, the creep stress is 150MPa, and the plate is taken out and cooled at room temperature to carry out a tensile test.
TABLE 1 creep and mechanical Properties of the corresponding Process treatments of comparative examples 1, 2 and examples 1-6
Table 1 shows the amount of creep and the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation after fracture after creep aging for the conventional and inventive 2219 aluminum alloy. FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of creep aging after cyclic pre-deformation of an aluminum alloy, and FIG. 2 is a creep curve over time for comparative examples and examples. As can be seen from the graph, by utilizing the creep age forming process method after the aluminum alloy is circularly pre-deformed, the creep amount of the aluminum alloy treated by the process is improved by 2-8 times compared with that of the T4 aluminum alloy under the same temperature and stress conditions, and is improved by 20-200% compared with that of the T3 aluminum alloy. Compared with the alloy prepared by the traditional method, the yield strength of the treated aluminum alloy can be improved by 20-200 MPa, and the tensile strength is improved by 20-200 MPa. The data prove that the creep aging forming process provided by the invention can greatly improve the creep amount and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy member, the member can obtain larger creep amount and excellent mechanical property through creep aging at lower temperature and stress, and the adverse effects of poor forming effect and higher temperature on the formed performance of the conventional creep aging process at lower temperature are avoided.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A cyclic predeformation method for improving creep age forming capability and performance of aluminum alloy is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: performing water quenching on an aluminum alloy plate after solid solution, wherein the aluminum alloy plate is age-hardening aluminum alloy;
s2: carrying out aging and deformation treatment on the quenched plate;
s3: circularly pre-deforming the plate subjected to aging and deformation treatment;
s4: creep age forming is carried out on the plate after the circular pre-deformation;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the aging treatment in the s2 is natural aging for 0-30 days or artificial aging for 0-48h, and the deformation amount of the deformation treatment is 0-80%;
the s3 middle-cycle pre-deformation is alternating cycle deformation, the cycle frequency is 0.01 Hz-200 Hz, the strain amplitude is 0.02% -10% deformation, the cycle strain ratio or stress ratio is-10, and the cycle frequency is 10-106Secondly, the circulating predeformation temperature is between-198 and 500 ℃;
in the creep aging forming in s4, the temperature of the creep aging is 50-300 ℃, the processing time is 2-24 h, and the creep stress is 30-500 MPa.
2. The cyclic pre-deformation method of improving creep age formability and performance of an aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein: the cyclic predeformation in the s3 is alternating cyclic deformation, the cyclic frequency is 0.01 Hz-200 Hz, the cyclic amplitude is 50 MPa-800 MPa, the cyclic strain ratio or stress ratio is-10, and the cycle frequency is 10-106The circulating predeformation temperature is-198-500 ℃.
3. The cyclic pre-deformation method of improving creep age formability and performance of an aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein: the aluminum alloy plate is a hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate.
4. The cyclic pre-deformation method of improving creep age formability and performance of an aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein: the age-hardening aluminum alloy includes a 2xxx series, a 6xxx series, and a 7xxx series.
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