CN111394670A - Method for enhancing mechanical property of aluminum alloy based on ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect - Google Patents
Method for enhancing mechanical property of aluminum alloy based on ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN111394670A CN111394670A CN202010040560.5A CN202010040560A CN111394670A CN 111394670 A CN111394670 A CN 111394670A CN 202010040560 A CN202010040560 A CN 202010040560A CN 111394670 A CN111394670 A CN 111394670A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
A method for enhancing mechanical properties of aluminum alloy based on ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect comprises the steps of carrying out water quenching on an aluminum alloy plate after solid solution, carrying out ultrasonic cyclic resonance on the quenched plate at room temperature, inducing controlled microscale reciprocating displacement motion, and improving the strength and ductility of the plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal material processing, and particularly relates to a method for enhancing the mechanical property of an aluminum alloy based on an ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect.
Background
Aluminum and aluminum alloys have been widely used in modern transportation as lightweight materials, and compared with conventional steel, aluminum alloys have low density, excellent corrosion resistance and are easy to recover, so that the application of aluminum alloys in modern transportation is increasing year by year. However, aluminum alloys have a lower strength than other metals, which limits their application as structural materials. The traditional method for improving the strength of the aluminum alloy is to carry out homogenization treatment on an ingot at a certain temperature after the aluminum alloy is cast and then carry out hot/cold deformation. After deformation, these alloys are solution treated and quenched, and then aged to achieve higher strength. A large amount of nano-scale hardening particles are formed in the aluminum alloy subjected to heat treatment, so that the aluminum alloy is strengthened, namely the precipitation strengthening which is the main strengthening mechanism of the aluminum alloy material.
The traditional processing method has a plurality of problems, the final shape of the product is fixed after cold deformation, and then the uneven surface temperature of the sample can cause thermal stress when high-temperature annealing and quenching are carried out, so that the product is deformed and even cracked. This phenomenon causes a decrease in the yield and quality of aluminum alloy products and an increase in the manufacturing cost. More importantly, compared with other metal structure materials such as steel and the like, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy prepared by the traditional method is still relatively poor, so that the application range of the aluminum alloy as a lightweight material is also hindered. The methods currently used to improve the strength of aluminum alloys mainly include adding more alloying elements and grain refinement, and although these methods can improve the strength of aluminum alloys, these methods also increase the manufacturing cost of aluminum alloys, increase the difficulty of casting and forming, and greatly reduce the elongation of aluminum alloys. Due to the above factors, it is difficult to use these methods in large scale for the industrial production of high performance aluminum alloys. In conclusion, the development of a low-cost processing method which can improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy and can be produced in a large scale is very important for expanding the application range of the aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for enhancing the mechanical property of an aluminum alloy based on an ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect, which enables the material to generate cyclic resonance by controlling the frequency of an ultrasonic generator and keeping the frequency to be the same as or close to the inherent frequency of the aluminum alloy material, enables the cyclic resonance energy to continuously introduce vacancies into the material and dynamically separate out finely distributed precipitated phases, thereby enabling the alloy to enhance the mechanical property, enables the aluminum alloy plate to have higher strength, enhances the competitiveness of a lightweight aluminum alloy plate and a traditional steel material, increases the elongation of the aluminum alloy, and promotes the wide application of the aluminum alloy in various fields.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for enhancing mechanical properties of aluminum alloy based on ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect comprises the steps of performing water quenching on an aluminum alloy plate after solid solution, performing ultrasonic cyclic resonance on the quenched plate at room temperature, inducing controlled microscale reciprocating displacement motion, and improving the strength and ductility of the plate.
The ultrasonic circulation resonance is that two ultrasonic generators positioned on two sides of the plate are utilized to respectively apply sound wave frequency signals to the plate surface, and the signal frequency f1F + - (0.1-100) Hz, i.e. the frequency of the sound wave signal is close to or equal to the natural frequency of the material, and the material can vibrate repeatedly to introduce a large number of vacant sites, wherein f is the natural frequency of the plate material, and is generally 1-5 × 104Hz is determined by the size, the quality, the shape and the temperature of the actual aluminum alloy material.
The two ultrasonic generators apply ultrasonic signals simultaneously, the amplitude of the signals is 5-20 mu m, the phase difference of the two signals is T/2, the cycle number of the ultrasonic signals is 500-1000 in the whole ultrasonic cycle resonance process, and the time required in the whole process is 1-1000 s. The material is resonated, and the atoms of the material vibrate back and forth due to the huge energy generated by the resonance.
The sound waves generated by the two ultrasonic generators are positioned on two sides of the panel and are perpendicular to the panel, and the two ultrasonic generators are symmetrical by taking the panel as a center, so that the material can be better resonated.
Through a tensile experiment, the yield strength, the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation percentage after fracture of the material after ultrasonic cycle resonance are measured, and therefore, the mechanical property of the material is evaluated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a method for enhancing an aluminum alloy based on an ultrasonic circulating resonance effect, which is characterized in that vacancies are continuously injected into a material through ultrasonic circulating vibration, so that a large number of fine nano precipitated phases are dynamically precipitated from the material. This results in a material with better strength and elongation properties than conventional heat treatments and requires less time for treatment.
2. The method for reinforcing the aluminum alloy based on the ultrasonic cycle resonance effect can generate high strength and excellent ductility through controlled room-temperature cycle plasticity during ultrasonic cycle vibration. This method also occurs without any deformation of the sample and without the use of artificial aging processes.
3. During heat treatment, precipitate nucleation and growth are always competing, which limits the maximum number and density of precipitates formed during heat treatment. During the ultrasonic cyclic resonance treatment, however, as the dislocations move back and forth, they repeatedly shear solute clusters, thereby forming more clusters and inhibiting their growth. This process promotes an increase in the number, density, and size of the precipitated phases, which cannot be achieved by heat treatment alone.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic cyclic resonance stretching experiment setup according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the region M of fig. 1, i.e., an ultrasonic cyclic resonance working apparatus.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the frequency of the ultrasonic generator and the natural frequency of the material in the ultrasonic cyclic resonance process of the device.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between stress and cycle number of the material in the cyclic resonance process.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The invention relates to a method for enhancing mechanical properties of an aluminum alloy based on an ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect.
Fig. 1 and 2 show a specific experimental device for implementing the method, the aluminum alloy plate 2 after solid solution and water quenching is fixed by a universal stretcher 1, an ultrasonic generator A3 and an ultrasonic generator B4 with the same specification are added on two sides, and sound wave signals are symmetrically sent to the aluminum alloy plate 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the frequency f of two ultrasonic generators is adjusted and controlled1Gradually approaching the natural frequency f of the aluminum alloy plate 2 material, so that the material generates repeated vibration, and atoms inside the controlled sample are induced to move in a reciprocating displacement mode at room temperature. The slow movement over the dislocations creates a large number of vacancies that promote diffusion of the matrix of the target sample at room temperature. The material is injected with vacancies in the repeated cyclic deformation process, and diffusion generated in the presence of high driving force generates solute aggregates, so that the strength of a sample is greatly enhanced, namely ultrasonic cyclic resonance strengthening.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, f1F of two ultrasonic generators capable of taking f +/-0.1-100 Hz1The ultrasonic signals can be simultaneously applied, the amplitude of the signals is 5-20 mu m, the phase difference of the two signals is T/2, the cycle number of the ultrasonic signals is 500-1000 in the whole ultrasonic cyclic resonance process, and the time required in the whole process is 1-1000 s. The material is resonated, and the atoms of the material vibrate back and forth due to the huge energy generated by the resonance.
In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the acoustic waves generated by the two ultrasound generators are located on both sides of and perpendicular to the panel and are symmetrical about the panel, which enables the material to better resonate.
As shown in fig. 4, the strength of the target aluminum alloy sample can be enhanced using ultrasonic cyclic vibration to be as strong as or even stronger than the T6 temper. Meanwhile, the strength of the sample can be increased by 100-400 MPa along with the increase of the number of cycles to a specified target. Samples that vibrate ultrasonically cyclically at room temperature were treated to keep the cycle frequency low to avoid adiabatic heating. The controlled ultrasonic cyclic vibration method can produce high strength and excellent ductility to the sample when the temperature of the sample does not exceed 26 ℃ during the ultrasonic cycle. This method leaves no shape change and does not require the use of artificial aging processes.
Compared with the alloy prepared by the traditional method, the strength of the aluminum alloy treated by the method of the ultrasonic circulating resonance effect is improved, and the elongation is improved by 20-60 percent relatively.
The conventional heat-treated materials exhibit an inverse relationship between strength and elongation, because one characteristic of the conventional reinforced alloys is the presence of a non-precipitation zone near the grain boundaries. The non-precipitate zone is formed by annihilation of excess vacancies trapped (after quenching) during the heat treatment, and the non-precipitate zone may be aggravated by formation of grain boundary precipitates. This results in a relatively weak region (20 to 200nm) adjacent to the grain boundaries. During deformation, plastic deformation takes place in the non-precipitating band, which impairs the ability of the material to resist mechanical damage (elongation, fracture, fatigue). The absence of precipitate bands also adversely affects electrochemical properties such as pitting and stress corrosion cracking.
The method of the ultrasonic circulating resonance effect provided by the invention can synergistically increase the strength and the elongation, which is an important advantage of the process of the invention, and meanwhile, the process of the invention can not introduce a precipitation-free band into the alloy. This is because the ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect is the injection of vacancies into the matrix by dragging the pits over the dislocations, and because these vacancies move preferentially where they are easiest, the local intensity at each location in the microstructure is homogenized in the process, thus producing an extremely uniform microstructure. Elongation is a manifestation of this uniformity, while the ability of the material to resist other forms of damage (mechanical and electrochemical) is also improved. The nucleation and growth of the precipitate phase during the heat treatment are always competing, which limits the maximum number density of precipitate phases that may be formed during the heat treatment. During the ultrasonic cyclic resonance treatment, as dislocations move back and forth, they repeatedly shear solute aggregates, thereby forming and limiting the growth of precipitated phases. This process increases the number, density and size of precipitate phases that are not achievable by heat treatment alone.
Claims (7)
1. A method for enhancing mechanical properties of an aluminum alloy based on an ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect is characterized in that an aluminum alloy plate is subjected to water quenching after being subjected to solid solution, and the quenched plate is subjected to ultrasonic cyclic resonance at room temperature to induce controlled microscale reciprocating displacement motion, so that the strength and ductility of the plate are improved.
2. The method for enhancing the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy based on the ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic cyclic resonance is realized by utilizing two ultrasonic generators positioned on two sides of the plate, frequency signals are respectively applied to the plate surface, and the signal frequency f is1F ± 100Hz, where f is the natural frequency of the sheet material.
3. The method for enhancing the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy based on the ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein the two ultrasonic generators simultaneously apply ultrasonic signals to enable the material to resonate, and the huge energy generated by the resonance enables atoms of the material to vibrate back and forth.
4. The method for enhancing the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy based on the ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect as claimed in claim 3, wherein the number of cycles of the ultrasonic signal in the whole ultrasonic cyclic resonance process is 500-1000, and the time required in the whole process is 1-1000 s.
5. The method for enhancing the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy based on the ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein the two ultrasonic generators simultaneously apply ultrasonic signals to the material panel, the amplitude of the signals is 5-20 μm, and the phase difference of the two signals is T/2.
6. The method for enhancing the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy based on the ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sound waves generated by the two ultrasonic generators are positioned on two sides of the panel and perpendicular to the panel, and are symmetrical with the panel as a center.
7. The method for enhancing the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy based on the ultrasonic cyclic resonance effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength and elongation after fracture of the material after the ultrasonic cyclic resonance is performed are measured through a tensile test, thereby evaluating the mechanical property of the material.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112226707A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-15 | 东南大学 | Processing method of room-temperature reinforced aluminum alloy |
| CN115708716A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-02-24 | 杭州糖吉医疗科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic resonance self-temperature-control thermal ablation support and method thereof |
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| CN109023178A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽工程大学 | A kind of 7075 aluminium alloy low temp ultrasonic ageing effect processing methods |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109023178A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽工程大学 | A kind of 7075 aluminium alloy low temp ultrasonic ageing effect processing methods |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 凯尔顿等: "《凝聚态物质中的形核 材料和生物学中的应用》", 30 April 2015, 国防工业出版社 * |
| 李晓谦等: "功率超声对7050铝合金除气净化作用的试验研究", 《机械工程学报》 * |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112226707A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-15 | 东南大学 | Processing method of room-temperature reinforced aluminum alloy |
| CN115708716A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-02-24 | 杭州糖吉医疗科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic resonance self-temperature-control thermal ablation support and method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200710 |