CN113481029B - Biomass gasification system and method - Google Patents

Biomass gasification system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113481029B
CN113481029B CN202110589237.8A CN202110589237A CN113481029B CN 113481029 B CN113481029 B CN 113481029B CN 202110589237 A CN202110589237 A CN 202110589237A CN 113481029 B CN113481029 B CN 113481029B
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biomass gasification
biomass
gasification furnace
reaction
heat
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CN113481029A (en
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舒朝晖
靳世平
黄芬霞
周伦祎
朱孟祺
彭元君
安明明
贾倩
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Wuhan Anhe New Energy Technology Ltd
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Wuhan Anhe New Energy Technology Ltd
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/04—Cyclic processes, e.g. alternate blast and run
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process

Abstract

The invention provides a biomass gasification system and a gasification method, comprising the following steps: the first biomass gasification furnace and the second biomass gasification furnace are connected through a gas reversing device; the first biomass gasification furnace and the second biomass gasification furnace both include: the regenerative combustor comprises a combustor and a regenerator which are communicated together, wherein the combustor is provided with a fuel input pipe and an ash discharge port, and the regenerator comprises a regenerator body and a heat storage material arranged in the regenerator body; the gas reversing device controls the heat supply reaction and the biomass gasification reaction to be carried out simultaneously and not in the same biomass gasification furnace. The system of the invention has the advantages that: the inhibition effect of substances generated in the combustion process on biomass gasification is effectively avoided; the temperature stability in the biomass gasification process is ensured, and the biomass gasification efficiency is improved; the biomass particles can be uniformly heated in the heat storage pipe, and the gasification effect is improved; the circulation direction of the raw materials, the products and the waste materials is controlled by adopting a three-way reversing valve, so that the biomass gasification is ensured to be carried out uninterruptedly.

Description

Biomass gasification system and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biomass energy preparation, and particularly relates to a biomass gasification system and a biomass gasification method.
Background
China is a large energy consumption country, fossil raw materials are gradually exhausted along with the rapid increase of energy demand, and a large amount of fossil fuels are used to cause great waste of resources and pollution to the environment and ecology, so that serious influence is generated. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop clean renewable energy, and one of the renewable energy, namely, biomass energy, is clean energy which can be stored and transported, and has the advantages of wide resource distribution and large storage capacity, so that the development potential is huge.
Biomass gasification is a thermochemical treatment technology, in which solid biomass is placed in a gasification furnace and heated to be converted into combustible gas, which is used as fuel. The basic principle is that the solid biomass raw material is incompletely combusted, and gasifying agents such as oxygen or water vapor and the like are added in the conversion process to generate CO and H2And combustible gases such as low molecular hydrocarbons.
The existing gasification furnaces comprise a fixed bed gasification furnace and a fluidized bed gasification furnace, wherein the fixed bed gasification furnace comprises an updraught gasification furnace, a downdraft gasification furnace and a transverse draft gasification furnace; the fluidized-bed gasification furnace is characterized in that fuel in the furnace is in a flowing state in oxygen, steam or air, particles which do not participate in reaction are often added into reactants of the fluidized-bed gasification furnace to serve as a fluidized medium and a heat carrier, the particles are turned up and down under the action of airflow along with the blowing of the gas, a stirring state is presented in the gasification furnace, a gasification agent is introduced into the fluidized bed from the bottom, a biomass raw material is introduced into the fluidized bed from a part close to the bottom of the furnace body, the biomass raw material and the gasification agent move upwards while being mixed with each other, and a series of complex reactions such as drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction occur.
Because the granularity of the biomass material is small, the gas-solid two-phase mixed flow in the fluidized bed is very violent, and the heat and mass transfer effects in the fluidized bed are good, the gasification efficiency and the gasification intensity are high; the gasification agent and the biomass raw material in the fluidized bed are fluidized and can be adjusted in a wider range, so that the operability of the fluidized bed is greatly improved, and the reaction essence of the fluidized bed cannot be substantially changed by adjusting the fluidized raw material and the gasification agent, so that the gasification effect and the gasification efficiency are not obviously reduced; the temperature of the fluidized bed is not very high, the temperature distribution is uniform, and the possibility of slag bonding of the residual ash in the reaction is greatly reduced; however, the fluidized-bed gasification furnace also has certain disadvantages compared to the fixed furnace. Due to the reaction principle, the outlet temperature of the reaction synthesis gas is higher, and the gas takes away more heat, which can cause larger apparent heat loss. Because the biomass raw materials need to react in a fluid state, the flow rate is high, and in addition, the particle size of biomass particles is small, more solid carried substances exist in the produced gas. Because the reaction of the fluidized bed requires more uniform temperature, pressure drop and material distribution in the furnace, the starting and control unit is more complex, and although the gas production effect of the fluidized bed biomass gasification furnace is better than that of the fixed bed biomass gasification furnace, the design is complex and the operation cost is too high, so the practical application is not much.
The traditional fixed bed biomass gasification furnace generally burns fuel to heat a gasification furnace body, and then carries out a biomass gasification process after the temperature reaches a biomass gasification temperature. In the gasification process, heat supply and gasification are simultaneously carried out in the same reaction chamber, but because the process and the equipment designed according to the reaction principle inhibit the gasification reaction due to substances generated in the combustion stage, and the stable and uniform high temperature is difficult to provide, the generated gas has low heat value, if the heat supply reaction and the biomass gasification reaction are separately carried out, firstly, the existing equipment is difficult to reach the gasification reaction temperature for a long time, secondly, the heat supply and the gasification are discontinuous, and the production efficiency is reduced; therefore, it is necessary to develop a device and a method that are based on improving the quality of the produced gas and have practical production efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aims to solve the technical problems of poor quality of produced gas and low production efficiency of biomass preparation process and equipment in the prior art.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a biomass gasification system, characterized in that it comprises:
the biomass gasification system comprises two biomass gasification furnaces connected through a gas reversing device, wherein the two biomass gasification furnaces are respectively a first biomass gasification furnace and a second biomass gasification furnace;
the first biomass gasification furnace and the second biomass gasification furnace each include:
the regenerative combustor comprises a combustor and a regenerator which are communicated together, wherein the combustor is provided with a fuel input pipe and an ash discharge port, and the regenerator comprises a regenerator body and a regenerative material arranged in the regenerator body; the biomass gasification device also comprises a flue gas outlet, a gasification raw material inlet and a gas production outlet which are communicated with the heat storage chamber;
wherein the combustion chamber performs a heat supply reaction, and the regenerator performs a biomass gasification reaction;
the gas reversing device controls the heat supply reaction and the biomass gasification reaction to be simultaneously and alternately carried out in different biomass gasification furnaces;
and the combustion chamber and the smoke exhaust port are provided with temperature testing devices and/or the heat storage chamber is provided with a temperature testing device.
Further, the heat storage material comprises a plurality of heat storage tubes densely distributed in the heat storage chamber body.
Further, the gap between the heat storage tubes is filled with a heat insulating material.
Further, the first biomass gasification furnace and the second biomass gasification furnace further comprise a feeding chamber, the heat storage chamber and the combustion chamber are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the feeding chamber is communicated with the heat storage chamber, the flue gas outlet and the gasification raw material inlet are arranged in the feeding chamber, and the gas production outlet is arranged in the combustion chamber.
Furthermore, heat-insulating refractory bricks are arranged on the inner wall of the first biomass gasification furnace and the inner wall of the second biomass gasification furnace.
Further, the heat storage pipe is prepared by pouring aluminum oxide materials, and the heat insulation materials are refractory cotton.
Further, the gas reversing device includes:
the biomass gasification device comprises a first channel connected between a fuel input pipe of the first biomass gasification furnace and a fuel input pipe of the second biomass gasification furnace, a second channel connected between gasification raw material inlets of the first biomass gasification furnace and the second biomass gasification furnace, a first three-way reversing valve arranged on the first channel and a second three-way reversing valve arranged on the second channel;
the biomass gasification device comprises a third channel connected between the ash discharge ports of the first biomass gasification furnace and the second biomass gasification furnace, a fourth channel connected between the gas production outlets of the first biomass gasification furnace and the second biomass gasification furnace, a fifth channel connected between the flue gas discharge ports of the first biomass gasification furnace and the second biomass gasification furnace, a third three-way reversing valve installed on the third channel, a fourth three-way reversing valve installed on the fourth channel and a fifth three-way reversing valve installed on the fifth channel.
The system of the invention has the advantages that: (1) the gas reversing device is used for separately operating the heat supply reaction and the biomass gasification reaction, so that the inhibition influence of the biomass generated in the combustion process on the biomass gasification is effectively avoided; (2) the heat storage chamber can effectively store heat generated in the combustion process, so that the temperature stability in the biomass gasification process is ensured, and the biomass gasification efficiency is improved; (3) a plurality of heat storage pipes are used for filling the furnace chamber, biomass gasification reaction is carried out in the heat storage pipes, biomass particles can be uniformly heated in the heat storage pipes, and the gasification effect can be obviously improved; (4) the interior is added with heat-insulating refractory bricks made of Al2O3The heat storage single tubes are manufactured by pouring materials, and are densely distributed in the furnace chamber by adopting the layout of a plurality of tube bundles, so that the heat insulation effect can be effectively achieved, the temperature limit in the heat storage chamber is increased from the traditional 1000 ℃ to 1200 ℃, and the gasification temperature of the biomass is increased; (5) the three-way reversing valve is adopted to control the circulation direction of the raw materials, the products and the wastes, the operation is convenient, and the biomass gasification can be carried out uninterruptedly.
The biomass gasification method using the system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, introducing fuel into the first biomass gasification furnace through a gas reversing device to perform heat supply reaction, and heating a regenerator of the first biomass gasification furnace to a gasification temperature;
step S2, stopping the heat supply reaction of the first biomass gasification furnace through a gas reversing device, starting the heat supply reaction of the second biomass gasification furnace, and introducing a biomass raw material and a gasifying agent into the first biomass gasification furnace to perform biomass gasification reaction until the first biomass gasification furnace is cooled to a temperature at which the biomass gasification reaction cannot be performed;
step S3: stopping the heat supply reaction of the second biomass gasification furnace through a gas reversing device, starting the heat supply reaction of the first biomass gasification furnace, and introducing a biomass raw material and a gasifying agent into the second biomass gasification furnace to perform biomass gasification reaction until the second biomass gasification furnace is cooled to a temperature at which the biomass gasification reaction cannot be performed;
step S4, the step S2 and the step S3 are alternately performed.
Further, the temperature of the regenerative chamber for biomass gasification reaction is 500-1200 ℃, and the temperature of the combustion chamber for heat supply reaction is higher than that of the regenerative chamber.
The gasification method has the beneficial effects that: (1) the combustion process and the gasification process are not carried out in the same reaction chamber, so that the gasification reaction is prevented from being inhibited by products generated in the combustion process; (2) the heat stored by the heat storage material is utilized to carry out gasification reaction, so that uniform and stable high temperature can be provided, and the calorific value of gas generated by biomass gasification is improved; (3) two biomass gasification furnaces are adopted to respectively supply heat and perform biomass gasification reaction alternately and uninterruptedly, so that the utilization rate of equipment is fully ensured, and the production efficiency is improved.
Further, the biomass gasification temperature control is performed by monitoring the temperature of the combustion chamber and the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the flue gas discharge port and/or monitoring the temperature in the regenerator.
The combustion temperature and the specific gasification temperature are adjusted according to different biomass raw material gasification requirements.
Further, the gasification temperature of the biomass is 800-1100 ℃, and the ER value is 0.2-0.6.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: when the above range is adopted, the gas production rate can be increased to 1.1m3More than kg.
Further, the biomass raw material is micron-sized wood chips.
Further, the ER value is 0.3 to 0.4.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: when the ER value is in the range, the comprehensive effect of gas production efficiency, gas production rate and gas production quality is more excellent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing another embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the feed chamber;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a regenerator;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the regenerator in rotation;
FIG. 6 is a view of the combustion chamber structure;
FIG. 7 is a stepped cross-sectional view of a combustion chamber;
in the drawings, the reference numerals denote the following components:
a first biomass gasification furnace-A, a second biomass gasification furnace-B, a 1-feeding chamber, a 2-heat accumulation chamber, a 3-combustion chamber, a 4-flange, a 5-heat preservation refractory brick, a 6-gas reversing device, a 101-flue gas discharging port, a 102-gasification raw material inlet, a 201-heat accumulation chamber body, a 202-heat accumulation material, a 203-heat insulation material, a 301-fuel input pipe, a 302-ash discharging port, a 303-gas generating outlet, a 601-first channel, a 602-second channel, a 603-third channel, a 604-fourth channel, a 605-fifth channel, a 6011-first three-way reversing valve, a 6021-second three-way reversing valve, a 6031-third three-way reversing valve, a 6041-fourth three-way reversing valve, and a 6051-fifth three-way reversing valve, 606-ash discharge port valve, 607-flue gas valve, 608-gas production valve.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example one
A biomass gasification system, comprising:
a first biomass gasification furnace A and a second biomass gasification furnace B which are connected through a gas reversing device 6;
the first biomass gasification furnace a and the second biomass gasification furnace B each include:
the feeding chamber 1, the regenerative chamber 2 and the combustion chamber 3 which are respectively manufactured from top to bottom are connected through a flange structure 4; the regenerator 2 mainly comprises a regenerator body 201, a plurality of regenerator tubes 202 are arranged in the regenerator body 201 in a sealing manner, and refractory cotton 203 is filled between the regenerator tubes 202, so that the heat insulation effect of the regenerator 2 is ensured, the biomass raw material is subjected to a high-temperature gasification process in the regenerator tubes, the combustion chamber 3 is provided with a fuel input tube 301, an ash discharge port 302 and a gas production outlet 303, the ash discharge port 302 is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber 3, a flue gas discharge port 101 and a gasification raw material inlet 102 are arranged in the feed chamber 1, and the flue gas discharge port 101 is arranged at the top of the feed chamber 1.
The feeding chamber 1, the heat storage chamber 2 and the combustion chamber 3 are spliced to form a cylinder, are made of high-temperature-resistant metal materials, and are internally provided with heat-preservation refractory bricks 5, so that the whole furnace body has a good heat-preservation and heat-insulation effect.
The heat storage pipe 202 adopts Al2O3The heat-insulating refractory brick is made by pouring materials, and the thickness of the heat-insulating refractory brick 5 is 3cm-20 cm.
In traditional living beings fixed bed gasifier, the gasification goes on in whole furnace chamber, at first because the volume of whole furnace chamber is great, biomass raw materials can not the thermally equivalent, and the gasification effect is relatively poor, adopts many heat storage tubes to fill the furnace chamber, and biomass gasification reaction goes on in the heat storage single tube, and biomass raw materials can the thermally equivalent in the heat storage single tube, and the gasification effect is better.
The method is characterized in that a cylindrical furnace body is made of metal, a heat-preservation refractory brick with the thickness of 3cm-20cm is added inside the cylindrical furnace body, and Al is adopted2O3The heat storage single tube is manufactured by pouring materials, and the manufactured heat storage tube adopts a plurality of tube bundles which are densely distributed in the furnace chamber, so that the heat insulation effect can be effectively achieved, and the heat storage single tube has the advantages of good heat insulation effectThe gasification temperature of the biomass is ensured, and the temperature of the combustion chamber can reach 1400 ℃ at most.
The gas reversing device 6 controls the heat supply reaction and the biomass gasification reaction to be simultaneously and alternately carried out in different biomass gasification furnaces;
specifically, the combustion chamber 3 performs a heat supply reaction, and the regenerator 2 performs a biomass gasification reaction;
the heat supply reaction is carried out in a combustion chamber 3 of a first biomass gasification furnace A, and simultaneously, a biomass gasification reaction is carried out in a heat accumulation chamber 2 of a second biomass gasification furnace B;
the combustion chamber 3 of the second biomass gasification furnace B performs a heating reaction and simultaneously performs a biomass gasification reaction in the regenerator 2 of the first biomass gasification furnace a.
The heat supply reaction process comprises the following steps: fuel is conveyed to the combustion chamber 3 through a fuel conveying pipe 301 for combustion, reaction heat is stored and heated through the heat storage material 202 to reach the biomass gasification temperature, ash generated by combustion is discharged from the ash discharge port 302, and generated flue gas is discharged from the flue gas discharge port 101;
the biomass gasification reaction process comprises the following steps: conveying the biomass raw material and the gasifying agent to the heat storage chamber 2 through the gasifying raw material inlet 102, and performing heat exchange gasification through the heat energy stored in the heat storage material 202 to generate primary gas which is discharged from the gas generating outlet;
the gas reversing device can be arranged as shown in figure 1:
a first channel 601 connected between the fuel input of the first biomass gasification furnace a and the fuel input pipe 301 of the second biomass gasification furnace B, a second channel 602 connected between the gasification raw material inlets of the first biomass gasification furnace a and the second biomass gasification furnace B, a third channel 603 connected between the ash discharge port 302 of the first biomass gasification furnace a and the second biomass gasification furnace B, a fourth channel 604 connected between the gas production outlet 303 of the first biomass gasification furnace a and the second biomass gasification furnace B, a fifth channel 605 connected between the flue gas discharge port 101 of the first biomass gasification furnace a and the second biomass gasification furnace B, a first three-way change valve 6011 installed on the first channel 601, a second three-way change valve 6021 installed on the second channel 602, and a third three-way change valve 6031 installed on the third channel 603, a fourth three-way selector valve 6041 mounted on the fourth passage 604 and a fifth three-way selector valve 6051 mounted on the fifth passage 605.
When the gas reversing device in FIG. 1 is adopted to carry out gas reversing operation:
when the fuel conveying pipe, the ash discharging port and the smoke discharging port of the first biomass gasification furnace are opened, the gasification raw material inlet and the gas generating outlet of the first biomass gasification furnace are closed, the gasification raw material inlet and the gas generating outlet of the second biomass gasification furnace are opened, and the fuel conveying pipe, the ash discharging port and the smoke discharging port of the second biomass gasification furnace are closed;
when the fuel conveying pipe, the ash discharging port and the smoke discharging port of the first biomass gasifier are closed, the gasification raw material inlet and the gas generating outlet of the first biomass gasifier are opened, the gasification raw material inlet and the gas generating outlet of the second biomass gasifier are closed, and the fuel conveying pipe, the ash discharging port and the smoke discharging port of the second biomass gasifier are opened.
The communication and closing of the fuel delivery pipe 301 are controlled by the first three-way selector valve 6011; the communication and closing of the gasification raw material inlet 102 is controlled by the second three-way reversing valve 6021; the connection and the disconnection of the ash discharge port 606 are controlled by the third three-way reversing valve 6031; the communication and the closing of the gas production outlet 303 are controlled by the fourth three-way reversing valve 6041; the communication and closing of the flue gas discharge port 101 are controlled by the fifth three-way selector valve 6051.
The gas reversing device can also be briefly arranged as shown in figure 2:
a first channel 601 connected between the first biomass gasifier fuel input pipe 301 and the second biomass gasifier fuel input pipe 301, a second channel 602 connected between the first biomass gasifier a and the second biomass gasifier B gasification raw material inlet 102, a first three-way directional control valve 6011 installed on the first channel, a second three-way directional control valve 6021 installed on the second channel 602, an ash discharge port valve 606 installed on the ash discharge port 302, a flue gas valve 607 installed on the flue gas discharge port 101, and a gas production valve 608 installed on the gas production outlet 303.
When the gas reversing device in fig. 2 is used for gas reversing operation, the fuel delivery pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the first biomass gasifier are opened, the gasification raw material inlet 102 and the gas production outlet 303 of the first biomass gasifier are closed, the fuel delivery pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the second biomass gasifier B are closed, and the gasification raw material inlet 102 and the gas production outlet 303 of the second biomass gasifier B are opened.
The communication and closing of the fuel delivery pipe 301 are controlled by the first three-way selector valve 6011; the communication and closing of the gasification raw material inlet 102 is controlled by the second three-way reversing valve 6021; the ash discharge valve 606 is opened when ash is discharged, the flue gas valve 607 is opened when flue gas is discharged, and the gas production valve 608 is opened when primary gas is collected.
In the present invention, there are three methods for monitoring the biomass gasification temperature:
the first mode is as follows: monitoring the temperature of the combustion chamber and the range of the flue gas discharged from the flue gas outlet, and estimating the biomass gasification temperature when the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber reaches the corresponding range and the flue gas temperature also reaches the specified temperature and is in a stable state;
the second way is: the temperature in the regenerator is directly tested.
The third mode is as follows: and judging together by combining the two modes.
When the first mode is adopted, temperature testing devices are arranged in the combustion chamber and the smoke exhaust port;
when the second mode is adopted, a temperature testing device is arranged in the regenerative chamber;
when the third mode is adopted, the combustion chamber, the smoke outlet and the regenerator are all provided with temperature testing devices.
In the present embodiment, the temperature is detected in the first way, and temperature measuring devices (not shown) are installed in the combustion chamber and the flue gas exhaust port.
Example two
With the apparatus of example 1, biomass gasification reaction was carried out using wood chips of micron size as raw material under conditions of a gasification temperature of 1035 ℃ and ER value (i.e., the ratio of the amount of air supplied for biomass gasification to the amount of air theoretically required for complete combustion of biomass) of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step S1, firstly, preheating a combustion chamber to 250 ℃, communicating the fuel conveying pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the first biomass gasification furnace A, and enabling micron-sized sawdust raw materials to be mixed with air at a speed of 18 kg/h-30 kg/h and air at a speed of 1.656m3The velocity of/h is conveyed to the combustion chamber 3 through a fuel conveying pipe for combustion, when the gasification temperature reaches 1035 ℃, ash generated by combustion is discharged from the ash discharge port 302, and generated flue gas is discharged from the flue gas discharge port 101;
step S2, closing the fuel delivery pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the first biomass gasification furnace A, simultaneously communicating the gasification raw material inlet and the gas production outlet 303 of the first biomass gasification furnace A for biomass gasification reaction, tangentially feeding micron-sized sawdust raw material into the feeding chamber through the gasification raw material inlet 102 at a rate of 60kg/h and superheated steam of 200 ℃ to form a rotational flow, exchanging heat with the heat storage material 202 during the downward movement of the mixture of the micron-sized sawdust raw material and the superheated steam, absorbing the heat stored in the heat storage material 202, completely gasifying in the heat storage chamber 2 to generate primary gas, continuously feeding the primary gas downward from the heat storage chamber 2 into the combustion chamber 3 at the lowest part, discharging the primary gas from the gas production outlet 303 at the side of the combustion chamber 3, and simultaneously communicating the fuel delivery pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the second biomass gasification furnace B, The ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 perform a heating reaction in the combustion chamber in the second biomass gasification furnace B according to the condition of step S1 until the first biomass gasification furnace a is cooled to a temperature at which the biomass gasification reaction cannot be performed and the second biomass gasification furnace B reaches the biomass gasification condition; and purifying the discharged primary gas to obtain product gas.
And S3, closing the fuel conveying pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the second biomass gasification furnace B, communicating the gasification raw material inlet 102 and the gas production outlet 303 of the second biomass gasification furnace B, performing biomass gasification reaction in the heat storage chamber 2 of the second biomass gasification furnace B according to the reaction conditions of the step S2, communicating the fuel conveying pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the first biomass gasification furnace A, performing heat supply reaction in the combustion chamber 3 of the first biomass gasification furnace A until the second biomass gasification furnace B is cooled to be incapable of performing gasification reaction and the first biomass gasification furnace A reaches the biomass gasification conditions, and purifying the discharged primary gas to obtain product gas.
Step S4, step S2 and step S3 are performed alternately.
EXAMPLE III
With the apparatus of example 1, biomass gasification reaction was carried out using micron-sized wood chips as raw materials under conditions of a gasification temperature of 941 ℃ and ER value (i.e., the ratio of the amount of air supplied for biomass gasification to the amount of air theoretically required for complete combustion of biomass) of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step S1, firstly, preheating a combustion chamber to 250 ℃, communicating the fuel conveying pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the first biomass gasification furnace A, and enabling micron-sized sawdust raw materials to be mixed with air at a speed of 18 kg/h-30 kg/h and air at a speed of 1.656m3The velocity of the flow is/h, the flow is conveyed to the combustion chamber 3 through a fuel conveying pipe for combustion heat accumulation, when the gasification temperature reaches 1035 ℃, ash generated by combustion is discharged from the ash discharge port 302, and generated flue gas is discharged from the flue gas discharge port 101;
step S2, closing the fuel delivery pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the first biomass gasification furnace A, simultaneously communicating the gasification raw material inlet B and the gas production outlet 303 of the first biomass gasification furnace A for biomass gasification reaction, feeding micron-sized sawdust raw material into the feeding chamber through the gasification raw material inlet 102 tangentially at the speed of 60kg/h and at 200 ℃ of superheated steam to form a rotational flow, exchanging heat with the heat storage material 202 in the process that the mixture of the micron-sized sawdust raw material and the gas superheated steam moves downwards to absorb heat stored in the heat storage material 202, completely gasifying in the heat storage chamber 2 to generate primary gas, continuously feeding the primary gas downwards from the heat storage chamber 2 into the combustion chamber 3 at the lowest part, discharging the primary gas from the gas production outlet 303 at the side of the combustion chamber 3, and simultaneously communicating the fuel delivery pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the second biomass gasification furnace B, The ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 perform a heating reaction in the regenerator of the second biomass gasification furnace B according to the condition of step S1 until the first biomass gasification furnace a is cooled to a temperature at which the biomass gasification reaction cannot be performed and the second biomass gasification furnace B reaches the biomass gasification condition; and purifying the discharged primary gas to obtain product gas.
And S3, closing the fuel conveying pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the second biomass gasification furnace B, communicating the gasification raw material inlet 102 and the gas production outlet 303 of the second biomass gasification furnace B, performing biomass gasification reaction in the heat storage chamber 2 of the second biomass gasification furnace B according to the reaction conditions of the step S2, communicating the fuel conveying pipe 301, the ash discharge port 302 and the flue gas discharge port 101 of the first biomass gasification furnace A, performing heat supply reaction in the combustion chamber 3 of the first biomass gasification furnace A, and purifying the discharged primary gas to obtain product gas until the second biomass gasification furnace B is cooled to be incapable of performing gasification reaction and the first biomass gasification furnace A reaches the biomass gasification conditions.
Step S4, step S2 and step S3 are performed alternately.
Example four
The quality of the third produced gas in the second to third embodiments is tested, and the specific process is as follows:
firstly, the synthesis gas is purified, and the purification process comprises the following steps:
1. dedusting the synthesis gas;
2. condensing the synthesis gas after dust removal to remove low-boiling-point accessories;
3. adsorbing small drops of tar in the gas and simultaneously drying;
4. and carrying out secondary drying on the synthesis gas to obtain a product gas.
Then, a gas pump of a synthesis gas analyzer is used for sucking the product gas under the negative pressure condition, and the online component detection is carried out on the product gas. The synthesis gas analyzer is a portable infrared gas analyzer (Gasboard-3100P series). The instrument can detect CO and H in gas to be detected on line2、CH4、O2And CnHmThe ratio of the components (A) to (B).
The results of the evaluation index calculation of the gas quality in the second and third examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 calculation results of quality evaluation indexes of second and third embodiments
Figure 922344DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Table 1 shows that the higher the temperature is, the more favorable the gas production efficiency and quality is under the condition of the same ER value;
under the same temperature condition, when the gasification device is adopted to carry out biomass gasification reaction, the ER value has great influence on the gasification efficiency and the gas production quality of the biomass gasification reaction, when the ER value is in the range of 0.2-0.6, the higher the ER value is, the higher the gas production rate is, but the gasification efficiency and the gas heat value show the trend of descending along with the increase of the ER value firstly. When the ER value is 0.3-0.4, the comprehensive effect of gas production efficiency, gas production rate and gas production quality is more excellent.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. A biomass gasification system, comprising:
the biomass gasification system comprises two biomass gasification furnaces connected through a gas reversing device (6), wherein the two biomass gasification furnaces are a first biomass gasification furnace (A) and a second biomass gasification furnace (B) respectively;
the first biomass gasification furnace (a) and the second biomass gasification furnace (B) each include:
the regenerative type heat-accumulating type coal gas heat-collecting device comprises a combustion chamber (3) and a regenerative chamber (2) which are communicated together, wherein the combustion chamber (3) is provided with a fuel input pipe (301) and an ash discharge port (302), and the regenerative chamber (2) comprises a regenerative chamber body (201) and a heat-accumulating material (202) arranged in the regenerative chamber body (201); the biomass gasification device also comprises a flue gas outlet (101), a gasification raw material inlet (102) and a gas production outlet (303), which are communicated with the heat storage chamber (2);
wherein the combustion chamber (3) is used for carrying out heat supply reaction, and the heat storage chamber (2) is used for carrying out biomass gasification reaction;
the gas reversing device (6) controls the heat supply reaction and the biomass gasification reaction to be simultaneously and alternately carried out in different biomass gasification furnaces;
and the combustion chamber (3) and the flue gas outlet (101) are provided with temperature testing devices and/or the heat storage chamber is provided with a temperature testing device.
2. The biomass gasification system of claim 1, wherein the thermal storage material (202) comprises a plurality of thermal storage tubes densely packed within the thermal storage chamber body (201).
3. The biomass gasification system according to claim 2, wherein a gap between the heat storage pipes (202) is filled with a heat insulating material (203).
4. The biomass gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the first biomass gasification furnace (a) and the second biomass gasification furnace (B) further comprise a feeding chamber (1), the heat storage chamber (2), and the combustion chamber (3) are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the feeding chamber (1) is communicated with the heat storage chamber (2), the flue gas discharge port (101) and the gasification raw material inlet (102) are provided in the feeding chamber (1), and the gas production outlet (303) is provided in the combustion chamber (3).
5. The biomass gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the inner walls of the first biomass gasification furnace (a) and the second biomass gasification furnace (B) are provided with heat-insulating refractory bricks (5).
6. The biomass gasification system according to claim 3, wherein the heat storage pipe (202) is cast from alumina material, and the heat insulation material (203) is refractory cotton.
7. The biomass gasification system of claim 1, wherein the gas reversing device comprises:
a first channel (601) connected between the first biomass gasifier fuel input pipe (301) and the second biomass gasifier fuel input pipe (301), a second channel (602) connected between the first biomass gasifier and the second biomass gasifier gasification raw material inlet (102), a first three-way change valve (6011) installed on the first channel (601), and a second three-way change valve (6021) installed on the second channel (602);
the biomass gasification furnace comprises a third channel (603) connected between the first biomass gasification furnace and the ash discharge port (302) of the second biomass gasification furnace, a fourth channel (604) connected between the first biomass gasification furnace and the gas production outlet (303) of the second biomass gasification furnace, a fifth channel (605) connected between the first biomass gasification furnace and the gas discharge port (101) of the second biomass gasification furnace, a third three-way reversing valve (6031) installed on the third channel (603), a fourth three-way reversing valve (6041) installed on the fourth channel (604) and a fifth three-way reversing valve (6051) installed on the fifth channel (605).
8. A biomass gasification method using the biomass gasification system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
step S1, introducing fuel into a combustion chamber (3) of the first biomass gasification furnace through a gas reversing device (6) to perform heat supply reaction, and heating a heat storage chamber (2) of the first biomass gasification furnace (A) to a gasification temperature;
step S2, stopping the heat supply reaction of the first biomass gasification furnace (A) through a gas reversing device (6), simultaneously starting the heat supply reaction of the second biomass gasification furnace (B), introducing a biomass raw material and a gasifying agent into the first biomass gasification furnace (A) for biomass gasification reaction until the first biomass gasification furnace (A) is cooled to a temperature at which the biomass gasification reaction cannot be carried out;
step S3: stopping the heat supply reaction of the second biomass gasification furnace (B) through a gas reversing device (6), starting the heat supply reaction of the first biomass gasification furnace (A), introducing a biomass raw material and a gasifying agent into the second biomass gasification furnace (B) to carry out biomass gasification reaction until the second biomass gasification furnace (B) is cooled to a temperature at which the biomass gasification reaction cannot be carried out;
step S4, the step S2 and the step S3 are alternately performed.
9. The biomass gasification method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the heat storage chamber for biomass gasification reaction is 500 ℃ to 1200 ℃, and the temperature of the combustion chamber for heat supply reaction is higher than that of the heat storage chamber.
10. The biomass gasification method according to claim 8, wherein the biomass gasification temperature is controlled by monitoring the temperature of the combustion chamber and the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the flue gas discharge port and/or monitoring the temperature in the heat storage chamber.
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