CN113475528A - 一种松树注药孔快速愈合剂 - Google Patents

一种松树注药孔快速愈合剂 Download PDF

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CN113475528A
CN113475528A CN202110752601.8A CN202110752601A CN113475528A CN 113475528 A CN113475528 A CN 113475528A CN 202110752601 A CN202110752601 A CN 202110752601A CN 113475528 A CN113475528 A CN 113475528A
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CN113475528B (zh
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段春华
武海卫
牛赡光
赵涛
亓玉昆
李洋
刘慇
刘焕秀
曲永赟
王孟筱
张新慰
陈汝敏
张淑静
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Shandong Academy of Forestry
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种松树注药孔快速愈合剂，该愈合剂是由复硝酚钠、DA‑6、6‑BA、黄腐酸、芝麻油、硅酸铝镁和土复配而成，可以加快激活细胞生长和繁殖，从而加快愈伤组织的形成，克服外来病原物雨水等的污染和冲刷，防止松树流胶，降低注药孔对树体的伤害，提高松树抗病能力，保护松树健康成长。将上述愈合剂加水配制成质量浓度35‑45％的泥状物，然后将其堵塞松树注药孔，愈合效果又快又好，4‑5天即达到较好的愈合效果。

Description

一种松树注药孔快速愈合剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种松树注药孔快速愈合剂，属于园林树木保护修复技术领域。
背景技术
园林植物在生长过程中常常受到虫害的威胁，打孔注药是一种省工、省时、成本低的高效技术，尤其是对于蛀干和刺吸式害虫具有良好的防治效果。打孔注药是通过树干基部机械钻孔的方式使药剂进入树体内，依靠树木自身的蒸腾作用将药液输送到松树的各个部位，如积累在新生的叶、芽、果实中，使害虫取食后中毒而亡。
松树注药打孔后会在树干基部留下机械损伤的注药孔，对于该注药孔的处理方式目前都是用泥土塞满打孔口，由于伤口得不到有效护理，可能会造成树体腐烂或干枯。现有技术中虽然公开了树木愈合剂，如CN102334514A公开了一种树木伤口愈合保护剂，由杀菌剂、保护剂、营养剂、色素、粘着剂、调节剂、助剂和水组成，对果树腐烂病疤、溃疡病疤、流胶病疤及伤口锯口的保护有特效。CN109392935A公开了一种促进杨柳树干部伤口愈合的涂抹剂，由植物生长调节剂、高分子成膜剂、增粘剂、惰性载体、抗菌物质、着色指示剂和水复配而成，其对杨柳树形成层细胞无毒无害，可以加快杨柳树干部伤口愈合速度。CN112552823A公开了一种涂抹剂、制备方法及其促进树木伤口愈合方面的应用；涂抹剂原料包括弹性乳液和纯丙乳液，可有效促进树木伤口愈合，成膜性好，韧性及延展性较好，耐候性较好，流平性较好，稳定性好。上述3种愈合剂不适合松树注药孔使用。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供了一种松树注药孔快速愈合剂，该愈合剂是由复硝酚钠、DA-6(胺鲜酯)、6-BA(6-苄氨基嘌呤)、黄腐酸、芝麻油、硅酸铝镁和土复配而成，可以加快激活细胞生长和繁殖，从而加快愈伤组织的形成，克服外来病原物雨水等的污染和冲刷，防止松树流胶，降低注药孔对树体的伤害，提高松树抗病能力，保护松树健康成长。
本发明的技术方案是：一种松树注药孔快速愈合剂，其特征是，其组分及其重量比为：复硝酚钠0.05-0.5％，DA-6 0.1-0.5％，6-BA0.05-0.5％，黄腐酸0.1-1％，芝麻油0.5-5％，硅酸铝镁5-30％，土余量。
优选配比：复硝酚钠0.15-0.3％，DA-6 0.2-0.3％，6-BA 0.1-0.3％，黄腐酸0.25-0.35％，芝麻油0.8-1.2％，硅酸铝镁10-20％，土余量。
更优选配比：复硝酚钠0.3％，DA-6 0.2％，6-BA 0.1％，黄腐酸0.3％，芝麻油1％，硅酸铝镁15％，土83.1％。
制备方法：将上述原料充分混合均匀即可。
使用方法：将上述愈合剂加水配制成质量浓度35-45％的泥状物，然后将其堵塞松树注药孔，愈合效果又快又好，4-5天即达到较好的愈合效果。该愈合剂可以适用于赤松、油松、黑松等所有的松树树种。
本发明的愈合剂是由复硝酚钠、DA-6、6-BA、黄腐酸、芝麻油、硅酸铝镁和土复配而成，其中复硝酚钠是愈创木酚主要成分，能够促进植物细胞生长和融合，DA-6能促进细胞分裂和生长，加快愈伤组织的形成，6-BA也是细胞分裂素之一，主要作用是保持细胞生长阶段的细胞活力，以防形成纤维化细胞，产生老化影响，加快愈伤组织的形成；黄腐酸的作用是加快植物营养在细胞中的运输，芝麻油主要利用芝麻油中含有的芝麻敏，芝麻敏是防止植物呼吸过程中产生的氧气对上面添加的四种物质的氧化和破坏。硅酸铝镁主要是增加粘稠作用，以防雨水冲刷和外来物质对植物伤口的污染，影响愈合作用。上述六种原料从不同角度合理搭配，协同增效，可以加快激活细胞生长和繁殖，加快愈伤组织的形成，克服外来病原物雨水等的污染和冲刷，防止松树流胶，降低注药孔对树体的伤害，提高松树抗病能力，保护松树健康成长。
本发明的有益效果是：加快激活细胞生长和繁殖，加快愈伤组织的形成，克服外来病原物雨水等的污染和冲刷，防止松树流胶，降低注药孔对树体的伤害，提高松树抗病能力，保护松树健康成长，经试验证明，该愈合剂的效果非常好，室内试验证明5号药剂4-5天可以基本可以实现全部愈合，室外实验证明其对松树的注药孔封堵及愈合效果都较好。
附图说明
图1为赤松树枝室内试验9.26日的结果，其中第1-3列(从远到近)分别为1:50倍药品水溶液、1:25倍药品水溶液、40％药品水的泥状物涂抹，第1-9个瓶为编号1-8的药剂和空白组(9号)，第3列各有一枝涂药切面用清水冲干净后做研究，拍照时未将其列入。
图2为徂徕山林场赤松注药孔采用本发明愈合剂的实验结果，1-6号药剂和空白对照(7号)。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，但是本发明并不局限于此。其中黄腐酸的含量≥95％。
实施例1：
本发明设置如下表1所示的8个配方，根据表1的质量分别取复硝酚钠、DA-6、6-BA、黄腐酸、芝麻油、硅酸铝镁和土充分混匀，配制100克松树注药孔快速愈合剂，同时设置100克土作为空白对照进行对比。
表1：松树注药孔快速愈合剂配方
Figure BDA0003145420900000031
以下结合试验数据来说明其效果
一、室内试验：
截取长15cm，直径0.8-1.2cm的赤松树枝，在树枝的切口面分别涂抹三种浓度(40％药品水的泥状物、1:25倍药品水溶液、1:50倍药品水溶液)的8种药剂及空白对照，每个药剂每天三个重复实验(每个药品12枝松枝，同一天在松枝的一头切面抹药，然后将松枝的另一端放入盛有自来水的玻璃瓶中室温放置，每天清冲3个枝条进行观察)。2019.9.22号涂抹药，然后每天记录各种浓度药品下的松枝的愈合情况，结果如表2及图1所示。
根据愈伤组织长度占整个韧皮部长度(切面周长)的比例作为评价标准。涂药切面用清水冲洗干净在放大镜下看愈伤组织形成情况，测量愈伤组织长度，计算愈伤组织长度占整个韧皮部长度(切面周长)的比例(％)，按愈伤组织占韧皮部长度比分成6个等级，0级：无愈伤组织；1级：愈伤组织占0-20％；2级：愈伤组织占20％-40％，3级：愈伤组织占40％-60％，4级：愈伤组织占60％-80％，5级：愈伤组织占80％-100％。如果数值刚好20％、40％、60％、80％时分别计入1级、2级、3级和4级。
调查结果如表2及图1所示，40％药品水的泥状物5号药剂4天就达到80-100％愈合度(5级)，愈伤组织愈合效果又快又好，1号的效果也不错，空白对照效果为零。由于1:25倍药品水溶液和1:50倍药品水溶液组的愈合情况不佳，后续室外实验仅使用40％药品水的泥状物填孔。
表2：室内试验各种浓度药品各种级别愈伤组织愈合情况
Figure BDA0003145420900000041
Figure BDA0003145420900000051
二、田间实验
于2020.4.20在徂徕山林场选取14颗赤松用打孔法，在赤松上打直径10毫米，深5cm的孔，每棵树东、南、西、北4个方向各打孔1个，共打孔56个。然后用40％药品水的泥状物的6种药剂(药剂编号1-6号，7-8号由于用药量大且效果不佳不再列入)及对照组(7号)堵塞赤松孔口，每个药剂8个重复(每个药剂堵塞两棵树)，2020.4.25用高压水枪将4个重复(1棵树：东、南、西、北4个方向的孔各1个)的药剂冲出来，根据愈伤组织长度占整个韧皮部长度(切面周长)的比例作为评价标准进行评级(分级标准同室内试验)，结果如表3所示。从表3可以看出：用40％的泥状药涂抹5号药的松树孔口打孔的孔壁几乎全部形成愈伤组织，对照实验没有形成愈伤组织。
表3：室外试验松树愈伤组织孔口数愈合情况
药品编号 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 0 0 0 1 1 2
2 0 0 0 2 1 1
3 0 0 0 1 2 1
4 0 0 0 1 2 1
5 0 0 0 0 1 3
6 0 0 0 2 2 0
7(对照) 4 0 0 0 0 0
剩余赤松正常生长，于2020年9月20日观察剩余赤松孔口生长情况，实验结果如图2所示。从图2可以看出：用40％的泥状药处理孔口的树木长势都明显好于未处理的对照，其中5号药的赤松孔口表现最好，愈伤组织基本长满注药孔，1号药的效果也不错。

Claims (6)

1.一种松树注药孔快速愈合剂，其特征是，其组分为：复硝酚钠，DA-6，6-BA，黄腐酸，芝麻油，硅酸铝镁和土。
2.如权利要要求1所述的一种松树注药孔快速愈合剂，其特征是，各组分重量比为：复硝酚钠0.05-0.5％，DA-6 0.1-0.5％，6-BA 0.05-0.5％，黄腐酸0.1-1％，芝麻油0.5-5％，硅酸铝镁5-30％，土余量。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种松树注药孔快速愈合剂，其特征是，各组分重量比为：复硝酚钠0.15-0.3％，DA-6 0.2-0.3％，6-BA 0.1-0.3％，黄腐酸0.25-0.35％，芝麻油0.8-1.2％，硅酸铝镁10-20％，土余量。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种松树注药孔快速愈合剂，其特征是，各组分重量比为：复硝酚钠0.3％，DA-6 0.2％，6-BA 0.1％，黄腐酸0.3％，芝麻油1％，硅酸铝镁15％，土83.1％。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的愈合剂在促进松树注药孔快速愈合中的应用。
6.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的松树注药孔快速愈合剂的使用方法，其特征是，将愈合剂加水配制成质量浓度35-45％的泥状物，然后将其堵塞松树注药孔。
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