CN113474250B - Evaporated gas treatment system and ship - Google Patents

Evaporated gas treatment system and ship Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113474250B
CN113474250B CN202080016333.7A CN202080016333A CN113474250B CN 113474250 B CN113474250 B CN 113474250B CN 202080016333 A CN202080016333 A CN 202080016333A CN 113474250 B CN113474250 B CN 113474250B
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China
Prior art keywords
gas
separated
unit
boiler
pipe
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CN202080016333.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113474250A (en
Inventor
中村龙太
斋藤英司
寺原贵澄
松下浩市
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Marine Machinery and Equipment Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Marine Machinery and Equipment Co Ltd
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0209—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B63J2099/001—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse
    • B63J2099/003—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse of cargo oil or fuel, or of boil-off gases, e.g. for propulsive purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
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    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
    • F17C2250/0452—Concentration of a product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
    • F17C2250/0456—Calorific or heating value
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
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    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
    • Y02T70/5218—Less carbon-intensive fuels, e.g. natural gas, biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

The boil-off gas treatment system (4) is provided with a boiler (15) capable of burning the boil-off gas generated in the tank (3) storing LNG and generating steam, a reliquefaction device (13) for liquefying the boil-off gas generated in the tank (3), a gas-liquid separator (14) for separating the boil-off gas in a gas-liquid mixed state liquefied in the reliquefaction device (13) into a gas phase and a liquid phase, a flow path for guiding the boil-off gas in the gas phase separated by the gas-liquid separator (14) to the engine (2) for a host, a flow path for guiding the boil-off gas in the gas phase separated by the gas-liquid separator (14) to the boiler (15), and a first valve (19 a), a second valve (33 a) and a third valve (36 a) for switching the boil-off gas in the gas phase separated by the gas-liquid separator (14) to be guided to the engine (2) for a host or to the boiler (15).

Description

Evaporated gas treatment system and ship
Technical Field
The invention relates to an evaporative gas treatment system and a ship.
Background
In a ship for transporting liquefied gas such as LNG (liquefied natural gas ) and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied Petroleum Gas), the liquefied gas is vaporized in a tank for storing the liquefied gas, and a vaporized gas is generated. When the boil-off gas is generated in the tank, the pressure in the tank increases and may exceed a predetermined pressure. For this purpose, in ships transporting liquefied gas, a reliquefaction device is provided, which reliquefies the boil-off gas taken out from the tank. The evaporated gas subjected to the liquefaction treatment by the reliquefaction device may not be liquefied entirely and may be in a gas-liquid mixed state. For this reason, the vapor gas in a mixed state of the vapor and the liquid after the liquefaction treatment is sometimes subjected to a gas-liquid separation treatment to separate the vapor into a gas phase and a liquid phase (for example, patent document 1 and patent document 2).
Patent document 1 describes an apparatus in which BOG generated from an LNG tank is compressed by a BOG compressor, cooled by a heat exchanger, and then liquefied. In this apparatus, the BOG is cooled to a saturated state in a liquefying portion of the heat exchanger, and a non-condensed component is separated from a liquid in the saturated state by a gas-liquid separation drum provided downstream thereof. The nitrogen-rich gas thus obtained was appropriately extracted and treated in a boiler.
Patent document 2 describes a device in which BOG generated from an LNG storage tank is re-liquefied in a re-liquefying device and separated into liquefied methane and a mixed gas by a nitrogen separator. In this apparatus, the mixed gas containing nitrogen is discharged to the outside of the system only when the nitrogen content falls outside the reference range, and burned in the boiler tank.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1 Japanese patent No. 3908881
Patent document 2 Japanese patent laid-open No. 2000-338093
Problems to be solved by the invention
In the devices described in patent documents 1 and 2, the use of the vapor gas in the separated gas phase in the internal combustion engine for a host machine is not considered. In such a device, when the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separation device is used in the internal combustion engine for a host machine, the entire amount of the vapor phase evaporation gas separated is supplied to the internal combustion engine for a host machine. However, depending on the composition of the vapor phase separated and the operating state of the internal combustion engine for the host machine, the vapor phase separated may not be combusted properly in the internal combustion engine for the host machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a boil-off gas treatment system and a ship capable of appropriately burning a gas phase of boil-off gas separated from a boil-off gas in a re-liquefied gas-liquid mixture state by supplying the gas phase of the boil-off gas to a desired device.
Means for solving the problems
In order to solve the above problems, the boil-off gas treatment system and the ship according to the present invention employ the following means.
An evaporative gas treatment system according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a boiler capable of burning a boil-off gas generated in a tank storing a liquefied gas to generate steam; a reliquefaction device that liquefies the evaporation gas generated in the tank; a separation unit that separates the vapor gas in a mixed state of the gas and the liquid, which has been subjected to the liquefaction process in the reliquefaction device, into a gas phase and a liquid phase; a first pipe that guides the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separation unit to a host internal combustion engine capable of combusting the evaporation gas; a second pipe for guiding the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separation unit to the boiler; and a switching unit that switches the vapor phase of the vapor phase separated by the separation unit to be directed to the internal combustion engine for the main engine or to the boiler.
In the above configuration, the first pipe for guiding the vapor phase separated by the separation unit (hereinafter referred to as "separated gas") to the internal combustion engine for the host machine and the second pipe for guiding the separated gas to the boiler are provided. This makes it possible to guide the separated gas to either the internal combustion engine for the main engine or the boiler. Therefore, the separated gas can be subjected to combustion treatment, and the separated gas can be used as fuel in the internal combustion engine for a host and/or a boiler. Thus, the energy conversion efficiency of the entire system can be improved as compared with the case where the separation gas is not used.
The device is provided with a switching unit for switching the split gas to be directed to the internal combustion engine for the main engine or to the boiler. This makes it possible to guide the separated gas to a desired device among the devices of the internal combustion engine for the main engine and the boiler. Therefore, for example, the separated gas can be guided to a supply destination corresponding to the operating states of the internal combustion engine and the boiler for the host machine, the components of the separated gas, and the like. Thus, the separated gas can be combusted appropriately in the internal combustion engine for a host and the boiler.
The boil-off gas treatment system according to one aspect of the present invention may further include: a nitrogen content measuring unit that measures a nitrogen content of the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separating unit; a determination unit that determines a supply destination of the vapor phase vapor separated by the separation unit based on the nitrogen content measured by the nitrogen content measurement unit; and a switching control unit that controls the switching unit so that the vapor phase vapor separated by the separation unit is supplied to the supply destination determined by the determination unit.
In the above configuration, the nitrogen content of the separation gas is measured, and the supply destination is determined based on the measured nitrogen content. This makes it possible to set the supply destination of the separated gas to an appropriate supply destination from the viewpoint of the nitrogen content. Therefore, for example, when the separated gas is a gas that cannot be combusted properly in the internal combustion engine for a host machine from the viewpoint of nitrogen content, the separated gas is guided to the boiler, whereby the separated gas can be subjected to combustion treatment, and energy generated by the combustion treatment can be utilized for the generation of steam. Thus, the energy conversion efficiency can be improved as compared with a structure that does not utilize the energy generated by the combustion process. In this way, in the above-described configuration, the separation gas can be guided to the supply destination corresponding to the nitrogen content, and the energy conversion efficiency can be improved.
In order to perform combustion processing on the separated gas that cannot be properly combusted in the internal combustion engine for the host machine, a dedicated combustion device (hereinafter, referred to as "combustion processing device") for processing the separated gas may be provided. In the case where steam is required to be generated in the configuration in which such a combustion processing apparatus is provided, both the combustion processing apparatus and the boiler need to be provided. On the other hand, in the above configuration, the separated gas which cannot be properly combusted in the internal combustion engine for the main engine can be combusted in the boiler, and the steam can be generated. This makes it possible to avoid the provision of a combustion processing device. Therefore, the structure can be simplified as compared with the case where the combustion processing apparatus is provided.
The determination by the determination unit may be performed based on whether or not the nitrogen content exceeds a predetermined threshold. That is, the determining unit may determine the supply destination of the separation gas (the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separating unit) as the boiler when the nitrogen content measured by the nitrogen content measuring unit exceeds a predetermined threshold value. With this configuration, the supply destination of the separated gas can be made more appropriate from the viewpoint of the nitrogen content. That is, if the nitrogen content of the separated gas is large and the host internal combustion engine cannot burn properly, the separated gas can be prevented from being introduced into the host internal combustion engine. The predetermined threshold value may be, for example, an upper limit value of the nitrogen content of fuel that can be properly combusted in the internal combustion engine for the host machine.
The boil-off gas treatment system according to one aspect of the present invention may further include: a heat quantity measuring unit that measures heat quantity of the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separating unit; a determination unit that determines a supply destination of the vapor phase vapor separated by the separation unit based on the heat measured by the heat measurement unit; and a switching control unit that controls the switching unit so that the vapor phase vapor separated by the separation unit is supplied to the supply destination determined by the determination unit.
In the above configuration, the heat of the separated gas is measured, and the supply destination is determined based on the measured heat. This makes it possible to set the supply destination of the separated gas to an appropriate supply destination from the viewpoint of heat. Therefore, for example, when the separated gas is a gas that cannot be combusted properly by the internal combustion engine for a host machine from the viewpoint of heat, the separated gas is guided to the boiler, whereby the separated gas can be subjected to combustion treatment, and energy generated by the combustion treatment can be utilized for the generation of steam. Thus, the energy conversion efficiency can be improved as compared with a structure that does not utilize the energy generated by the combustion process. In this way, in the above-described configuration, the separation gas can be guided to the supply destination corresponding to the heat, and the energy conversion efficiency can be improved.
Further, in order to perform combustion processing of the separated gas which is not properly combusted in the internal combustion engine for the host machine, it is also conceivable to provide a combustion processing device. In the case where steam is required to be generated in the configuration in which such a combustion processing apparatus is provided, both the combustion processing apparatus and the boiler need to be provided. On the other hand, in the above configuration, the separated gas which cannot be properly combusted in the internal combustion engine for the main engine can be combusted in the boiler, and the steam can be generated. This makes it possible to avoid the provision of a combustion processing device. Therefore, the structure can be simplified as compared with the case where the combustion processing apparatus is provided.
That is, the determination unit may determine the supply destination of the separation gas (the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separation unit) as the internal combustion engine for the host machine when the heat amount measured by the heat amount measurement unit exceeds a predetermined threshold value. With this configuration, the supply destination of the separated gas can be more appropriate from the viewpoint of heat. That is, when the heat quantity of the separated gas is large and the gas can be combusted appropriately in the internal combustion engine for a host machine, the evaporated gas can be guided to the internal combustion engine for a host machine. The predetermined threshold value may be, for example, a lower limit value of the amount of heat of fuel that can be combusted appropriately in the internal combustion engine for the host machine.
The boil-off gas treatment system according to one aspect of the present invention may further include: a pressure measuring unit that measures a pressure of the boiler; a determining unit configured to determine a supply destination of the vapor phase separated by the separating unit based on the pressure measured by the pressure measuring unit when a flame is formed in the boiler; and a switching control unit that switches the switching unit so that the evaporation gas is supplied to the supply destination determined by the determination unit, wherein the determination unit determines the supply destination of the evaporation gas in the gas phase separated by the separation unit as the boiler when the pressure measured by the pressure measuring unit is lower than a predetermined threshold value.
In the above configuration, when the pressure of the boiler is lower than the predetermined threshold value, the supply destination of the separated gas is determined as the boiler. Thus, when steam is not properly generated in the boiler, the separated gas can be guided to the boiler. Therefore, steam can be generated in the boiler suitably and stably.
The boil-off gas treatment system according to an aspect of the present invention may further include: a determination unit that determines a supply destination of the vapor phase vapor separated by the separation unit; and a switching control unit that switches the switching unit so that the evaporated gas is supplied to the supply destination determined by the determination unit, wherein the determination unit determines the supply destination of the evaporated gas in the gas phase separated by the separation unit as the boiler when a flame is formed in the boiler.
In the above configuration, when a flame is formed in the boiler, the supply destination of the separated gas is determined as the boiler. Thus, when a flame is formed in the boiler, the separated gas can be preferentially burned. Therefore, the amount of other fuel used to form the flame can be reduced.
A ship according to an aspect of the present invention includes the boil-off gas treatment system according to any one of the above.
Effects of the invention
According to the present invention, by guiding the vapor phase evaporation gas separated from the vapor phase evaporation gas in the re-liquefied gas-liquid mixture state to a desired device, the vapor phase evaporation gas can be combusted appropriately.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an evaporative gas processing system provided in the ship of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the boil-off gas treatment system and the ship according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
The boil-off gas treatment system 4 according to the present embodiment is suitable for a ship 1 that transports LNG (liquefied natural gas ). The object to be transported by the ship 1 is not limited to LNG, and may be other liquefied gas such as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas ), for example.
The ship 1 includes: a host engine (host internal combustion engine) 2, a tank 3 storing LNG (liquefied gas), an boil-off gas treatment system 4 for treating the boil-off gas generated in the tank 3, a diesel engine 5 for power generation for use as electric power for use in a ship, and an economizer 6 for generating steam by using heat of exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine 5 for power generation.
The main engine 2 is a 2-stroke engine capable of combusting both fuel oil and fuel gas as fuel. The host engine 2 drives a driving unit (not shown) by burning fuel oil (for example, heavy oil or the like) or burning gas (for example, LNG or the like). The driving unit drives a propeller (for example, a propeller, etc.), not shown, for imparting propulsion to the ship 1 by driving force from the main engine 2.
The number of tanks 3 is plural (in the present embodiment, four tanks are provided as an example). Each tank 3 is made of aluminum, for example, and is configured to store LNG therein. A discharge pipe 3a for discharging the vapor to the outside is provided at the upper portion of each tank 3.
The boil-off gas treatment system 4 includes: a supply pipe 11 for supplying the evaporated gas discharged from the tank 3 to the engine 2 for a host machine, a compression unit 12 for compressing the evaporated gas flowing through the supply pipe 11, a reliquefaction device 13 for liquefying the evaporated gas, a gas-liquid separator (separation unit) 14 for separating the evaporated gas in a gas-liquid mixed state in which the liquefied gas is liquefied, and a boiler 15 for generating steam.
The supply pipe 11 supplies the engine 2 for the host with the evaporated gas flowing in through the discharge pipe 3a provided in each tank 3. That is, the supply pipe 11 connects the tank 3 and the host engine 2. As described above, the supply pipe 11 is provided with the compression portion 12 that compresses the evaporation gas flowing through the supply pipe 11.
The supply pipe 11 branches off from the downstream side of the compression portion 12 into an engine supply pipe 16 for power generation. The power generation engine supply pipe 16 supplies a part of the evaporated gas flowing through the supply pipe 11 to the power generation diesel engine 5. The supply pipe 11 branches off from the circulation pipe 17 downstream of the branching point of the power generation engine supply pipe 16. The circulation pipe 17 is provided with a circulation pipe valve 17a. The circulation pipe valve 17a adjusts the flow rate of the evaporation gas flowing through the circulation pipe 17 by adjusting the opening degree. The circulation valve 17a may be in a fully closed state or a fully open state.
The supply pipe 11 branches off from the boiler supply pipe 19 upstream of the compression unit 12. The downstream end of the boiler feed pipe 19 is connected to a burner (not shown) provided in the boiler 15. The boiler supply pipe 19 is configured to be able to supply a part of the evaporation gas flowing through the supply pipe 11 to the boiler 15 (more specifically, the burner). The boiler feed pipe 19 is provided with a first valve 19a. The first valve 19a can adjust the flow rate of the evaporation gas flowing through the boiler feed pipe 19 by adjusting the opening degree. The first valve 19a may be in a fully closed state or a fully opened state.
The compression unit 12 includes a plurality of (in the present embodiment, five, as an example) high-pressure compressors 12a for compressing the vapor gas flowing through the supply pipe 11. Five high-pressure compressors 12a are arranged in series. That is, the pressure of the vapor gas is increased to 300kg/cm by performing multi-stage compression in the compression portion 12 2 。
The suction pipe 20 branches from a pipe connecting the high-pressure compressors 12a to each other. Specifically, the suction pipe 20 branches from a pipe connecting the second high-pressure compressor 12a and the third high-pressure compressor 12a from the upstream side. The suction pipe 20 sucks a part of the vapor gas flowing through the pipe connecting the high-pressure compressors 12a, and supplies the sucked vapor gas to the reliquefaction device 13. The suction pipe 20 is provided with a suction pipe valve 20a. The suction pipe valve 20a can adjust the flow rate of the evaporation gas flowing through the suction pipe 20 by adjusting the opening degree. The suction manifold valve 20a may be in a fully closed state or a fully opened state.
The reliquefaction device 13 includes: a plurality of (three, as an example in the present embodiment) liquefaction compressors 21 for supplying the vapor gas from the suction pipe 20, a heat exchanger 22 for cooling the vapor gas compressed by the liquefaction compressors 21, an expansion turbine 23 for expanding a part of the vapor gas cooled by the heat exchanger 22, and a motor 24 for driving the liquefaction compressors 21 and the expansion turbine 23.
The liquefaction compressors 21 are connected to each other by a pipe 21 a. Three liquefaction compressors 21 are arranged in series. That is, three liquefaction compressors 21 perform multistage compression to boost the pressure of the vapor. The three liquefaction compressors 21 are connected by a single drive shaft 25. The drive shaft 25 is coupled to the expansion turbine 23 and the motor 24, and is driven to rotate by the driving force of the motor 24. The vapor gas discharged from the most downstream liquefaction compressor 21 is supplied to the heat exchanger 22 through the first reliquefaction pipe 26.
The heat exchanger 22 exchanges heat with the vapor compressed by the liquefaction compressor 21, the vapor expanded by the expansion turbine 23, and the vapor in the gas phase separated by the gas-liquid separator 14. The vapor gas compressed by the liquefaction compressor 21 is cooled by heat exchange, and a part of the vapor gas is condensed (liquefied) to be in a gas-liquid mixed state. The boil-off gas (specifically, the fluid obtained by mixing the boil-off gas and the reliquefied LNG) in the gas-liquid mixture state discharged from the heat exchanger 22 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 14 through the second reliquefaction pipe 27. The second reliquefaction piping 27 is provided with a reliquefaction piping valve 27a. The reliquefaction piping valve 27a can adjust the flow rate of the boil-off gas flowing through the second reliquefaction piping 27 by adjusting the opening degree. The re-liquefaction piping valve 27a may be in a fully closed state and a fully opened state.
In the heat exchanger 22, a pipe 28 branches from a pipe through which the compressed vapor flows. The extraction pipe 28 extracts a part of the evaporated gas cooled by the heat exchange to some extent, and supplies the extracted gas to the expansion turbine 23.
The expansion turbine 23 is coupled to a drive shaft 25, and is rotated by a driving force of a motor 24 transmitted through the drive shaft 25. The expansion turbine 23 adiabatically expands the supplied vapor gas to reduce the temperature. The evaporated gas (hereinafter referred to as "cooling source gas") expanded by the expansion turbine 23 is supplied to the heat exchanger 22 through the first cooling source gas pipe 29. The cooling source gas supplied to the heat exchanger 22 exchanges heat with the vapor gas compressed by the liquefaction compressor 21, thereby cooling the compressed vapor gas. The cooling source gas discharged from the heat exchanger 22 flows into the suction pipe 20 through the second cooling source gas pipe 30. That is, the downstream end of the second cooling source gas pipe 30 is connected to the intermediate position of the suction pipe 20. Specifically, the downstream end of the second cooling source gas pipe 30 is connected between the suction pipe valve 20a of the suction pipe 20 and the reliquefaction device 13.
The gas-liquid separator 14 is configured in a drum shape, and separates the supplied vapor gas in a gas-liquid mixed state into a gas phase and a liquid phase (re-liquefied LNG).
An LNG pipe 31 is connected to the lower portion of the gas-liquid separator 14. The LNG pipe 31 is connected to each tank 3, and supplies LNG separated by the gas-liquid separator 14 to each tank 3. A pump 31a is provided at a position midway in the LNG pipe 31, and LNG flows by a driving force of the pump 31 a. Further, a recirculation pipe 32 for bypassing the pump 31a is provided in the LNG pipe 31. In the recirculation pipe 32, a part of the LNG discharged from the pump 31a is circulated to the LNG pipe 31 on the upstream side of the pump 31a, so that the flow rate of the LNG in the pump 31a does not become equal to or less than a fixed flow rate. A recirculation pipe valve 32a is provided in the recirculation pipe 32. The recirculation pipe valve 32a can adjust the flow rate of LNG flowing through the recirculation pipe 32 by adjusting the opening degree. The recirculation valve 32a may be in a fully closed state or a fully open state.
A separation gas pipe 33 is connected to the upper portion of the gas-liquid separator 14. The separation gas pipe 33 is a pipe through which the vapor phase of the vapor phase separated by the gas-liquid separator 14 (hereinafter referred to as "separation gas") flows, and which guides the separation gas to the boiler 15 and the host engine 2. The separation gas pipe 33 connects the gas-liquid separator 14 and the boiler feed pipe 19. That is, the downstream end of the separation gas pipe 33 is connected to a position midway in the boiler feed pipe 19. Specifically, the downstream end of the separated gas pipe 33 is connected between the first valve 19a and the boiler 15. The heat exchanger 22 is provided at a position midway in the separated gas pipe 33. The separated gas supplied to the heat exchanger 22 exchanges heat with the vapor gas compressed by the liquefaction compressor 21, thereby cooling the compressed vapor gas. A separation gas piping valve 34 is provided upstream of the heat exchanger 22 of the separation gas piping 33. The separation gas piping valve 34 can adjust the flow rate of the separation gas flowing through the separation gas piping 33 by adjusting the opening degree. The separation gas distribution valve 34 may be in a fully closed state or a fully opened state.
A calorimeter 35 (a calorimeter measuring section) and a second valve 33a are provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 22 in the separated gas pipe 33. The calorimeter 35 is provided on the upstream side of the second valve 33a. The calorimeter 35 measures the heat of the boil-off gas flowing through the inside of the supply pipe 11 in the separated gas pipe 33. The calorimeter 35 transmits the measured heat to the control device 50. The second valve 33a can adjust the flow rate of the separation gas flowing through the separation gas pipe 33 by adjusting the opening degree. The second valve 33a may be in a fully closed state or a fully opened state.
The branch pipe 36 is branched from a position midway in the separation gas pipe 33. Specifically, the branch pipe 36 branches from between the calorimeter 35 and the second valve 33a in the separation gas pipe 33. The branch pipe 36 circulates a branch gas therein, and connects the separation gas pipe 33 and the supply pipe 11. That is, the downstream end of the branch pipe 36 is connected to the supply pipe 11. Specifically, the downstream end of the branch pipe 36 is connected to the supply pipe 11 at a position upstream of the branching position of the boiler supply pipe 19. The branch pipe 36 is provided with a third valve 36a. The third valve 36a can adjust the flow rate of the evaporation gas flowing through the branch pipe 36 by adjusting the opening degree. The third valve 36a may be in a fully closed state or a fully opened state.
As described above, in the boil-off gas treatment system 4 according to the present embodiment, the separated gas can be guided to the boiler 15 through the separated gas pipe 33 and a part of the boiler supply pipe 19. The split gas can be guided to the engine 2 for the host machine by a part of the split gas pipe 33, the branch pipe 36, and a part of the supply pipe 11. Further, by controlling the opening and closing of the second valve 33a provided in the split gas pipe 33 and the third valve 36a provided in the branch pipe 36, the split gas can be switched to be guided to the boiler 15 or to be guided to the host engine 2.
The boiler 15 includes a furnace 38, a burner (not shown) for forming a flame in the furnace 38, a steam drum 39 disposed above, a water drum 40 disposed below, and pipes (not shown) connecting the steam drum 39 and the water drum 40. The burner is capable of burning both fuel oil and fuel gas. The evaporated gas or the separated gas is supplied to the burner via the boiler supply pipe 19. The fuel oil is supplied to the burner via a fuel oil pipe (not shown). The burner burns fuel oil, combustion gas (evaporated gas, etc.), or both, thereby forming a flame in the furnace 38. When a flame is formed in the furnace 38 by the burner, the feedwater in the boiler 15 is heated. When the feed water is heated, the heated feed water rises from the lower water drum 40 to the upper steam drum 39 via boiler piping (not shown). The vapor-liquid separation is performed in the steam drum 39. The separated steam is supplied to each device requiring steam through a boiler steam supply pipe (not shown). A pressure gauge (pressure measuring unit) 41 for measuring the steam pressure in the steam drum 39 is provided in the steam drum 39. The pressure gauge 41 transmits the measured steam pressure in the steam drum 39 to the control device 50.
The economizer 6 generates steam by heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas and water discharged from the diesel engine 5 for power generation. The economizer 6 and the steam drum 39 are connected by a steam pipe 42. The fluid in a gas-liquid mixture state generated by the economizer 6 is supplied to the steam drum 39 through the steam pipe 42, and the steam drum 39 performs gas-liquid separation. In the steam drum 39, the separated steam is supplied to each device through a boiler steam supply pipe (not shown). The water drum 40 and the economizer 6 are connected by a water supply pipe 43. The water supply pipe supplies water in the water drum 40 to the economizer 6 by a pump 44 provided at a midway position.
The vessel 1 is provided with a control device 50.
The control device 50 is configured by, for example, CPU (Central Processing Unit), RAM (random access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), and a computer-readable storage medium. Further, a series of processes for realizing various functions are stored in a storage medium or the like in the form of a program, and the CPU reads the program into a RAM or the like to execute processing and arithmetic processing of information, thereby realizing various functions. The program may be provided in a form previously installed in a ROM or other storage medium, in a form provided in a state stored in a storage medium readable by a computer, in a form distributed through a communication mechanism based on wired or wireless, or the like. The computer readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, optical disk, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, semiconductor memory, or the like.
The control device 50 can control the opening degree of each valve (including the first to third valves 19a to 36 a) provided in the boil-off gas treatment system 4 to be 0% to 100%. As shown in fig. 2, the control device 50 includes a determining unit 51 for determining the supply destination of the separated gas based on the heat amount measured by the calorimeter 35, a switching control unit 52 for controlling the second valve 33a and the third valve 36a so that the separated gas is supplied to the supply destination determined by the determining unit 51, and a storage unit 53 for storing a predetermined threshold value. The predetermined threshold value stored in the storage unit 53 is, for example, a lower limit value of the amount of heat of the fuel that the host engine 2 can properly burn.
When the amount of heat of the separated gas (the amount of heat measured by the calorimeter 35) is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold stored in the storage unit 53, the determination unit 51 determines the supply destination of the separated gas as the host engine 2, and when the amount of heat of the separated gas (the amount of heat measured by the calorimeter 35) is less than the predetermined threshold, the determination unit 51 determines the supply destination of the separated gas as the boiler 15.
When the determination unit 51 determines the supply destination of the split gas as the engine 2 for the host, the switching control unit 52 sets the second valve 33a provided in the split gas pipe 33 to a fully closed state (state of 0% in opening), and sets the third valve 36a provided in the branch pipe 36 to a fully opened state (state of 100% in opening). At this time, the first valve 19a provided in the boiler feed pipe 19 is set to a fully closed state.
When the determining unit 51 determines the supply destination of the separated gas as the boiler 15, the switching control unit 52 sets the second valve 33a provided in the separated gas pipe 33 to a fully opened state and sets the third valve 36a provided in the branch pipe 36 to a fully closed state. At this time, the first valve 19a provided in the boiler feed pipe 19 is set to a fully closed state.
Next, a method for treating a boil-off gas and a flow of the boil-off gas according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1.
When the pressure in each tank 3 exceeds a predetermined pressure, the vapor generated in each tank 3 flows into the supply pipe 11 through the discharge pipe 3a. The vapor gas flowing into the supply pipe 11 flows through the supply pipe 11. At this time, when the first valve 19a of the boiler feed pipe 19 is opened, a part of the vapor flows into the boiler feed pipe 19. The evaporated gas flowing into the boiler supply pipe 19 is supplied to the boiler 15 and burned as fuel.
On the other hand, the evaporation gas which does not flow into the boiler supply pipe 19 flows through the supply pipe 11 and is compressed by the compression unit 12. The evaporated gas compressed by the compression unit 12 flows through the supply pipe 11, is supplied to the host engine 2, and burns as fuel. A part of the evaporated gas compressed by the compression unit 12 flows into the power generation engine supply pipe 16 and is supplied to the power generation engine. When the engine 2 for the host machine does not need the evaporated gas, the circulation pipe valve 17a provided in the circulation pipe 17 is opened, and the evaporated gas is returned to the supply pipe 11 through the circulation pipe 17.
When the boil-off gas is reliquefied, the suction pipe valve 20a provided in the suction pipe 20 is opened. Thereby, the vapor gas compressed to a predetermined pressure by the compression unit 12 is supplied to the reliquefaction device 13 through the suction pipe 20. In the reliquefaction device 13, the vapor gas is compressed by three liquefaction compressors 21. The compressed vapor gas is supplied to the heat exchanger 22 through the first reliquefaction pipe 26. In the heat exchanger 22, the evaporated gas exchanges heat with the cooling source gas and the separation gas. This cools the evaporated gas and partially condenses (liquefies) the evaporated gas, thereby bringing the evaporated gas into a gas-liquid mixed state. The boil-off gas (in detail, a fluid obtained by mixing the boil-off gas with the reliquefied LNG) in a gas-liquid mixed state discharged from the heat exchanger 22 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 14 through the second reliquefaction pipe 27.
In the gas-liquid separator 14, the boil-off gas in a gas-liquid mixed state is separated into a gas phase (separated gas) and a liquid phase (re-liquefied LNG). In addition, although nitrogen is contained in the evaporation gas, since it is relatively difficult to liquefy nitrogen and other components (methane, etc.), a gas phase (separation gas) separated from the gas and the liquid becomes a gas having a large nitrogen content.
The re-liquefied LNG is led to each tank 3 via the LNG pipe 31. In this way, the boil-off gas is reliquefied and returned to the tank 3. On the other hand, the separated gas is supplied to the heat exchanger 22 through the separated gas pipe 33. The separated gas subjected to heat exchange by the heat exchanger 22 flows through the separated gas pipe 33. When the separated gas flowing through the separated gas pipe 33 is supplied to the boiler 15 (i.e., when the second valve 33a is opened and the third valve 36a is closed), the separated gas is supplied to the boiler 15 through the boiler supply pipe 19 and burned as fuel. When the supply destination is the engine 2 for a host machine (that is, when the second valve 33a is closed and the third valve 36a is opened), the fluid flows into the supply pipe 11 through the branch pipe 36. When flowing into the supply pipe 11, the air is guided to the engine 2 for the host machine by the compression unit 12 or the like.
According to the present embodiment, the following operational effects can be obtained.
In the present embodiment, the separated gas separated by the gas-liquid separator 14 can be guided to either the host engine 2 or the boiler 15. Therefore, the separated gas can be subjected to combustion treatment and can be used as fuel in the main engine 2 and/or the boiler 15. Thus, compared with a structure in which the separated gas is not used (a structure in which the separated gas is subjected to combustion processing in GCU (gas combustion unit, gas Combustion Unit) or the like), the energy conversion efficiency of the entire system can be improved.
The second valve 33a and the third valve 36a can switch between guiding the separated gas to the host engine 2 and guiding the separated gas to the boiler 15. This makes it possible to guide the separated gas to a desired device among the devices of the main engine 2 and the boiler 15. Therefore, for example, the separated gas can be guided to a supply destination corresponding to the operating states of the main engine 2 and the boiler 15, the components of the separated gas, and the like. Thus, the separated gas can be combusted appropriately in the host engine 2 and the boiler 15.
As described above, since the nitrogen is difficult to liquefy, the nitrogen content of the separation gas tends to be large. Therefore, the heat of the gas having a large nitrogen content may be low, and the engine 2 for the host machine may not burn properly.
In the present embodiment, the heat amount of the separated gas is measured by the heat amount meter 35, and the supply destination is determined based on the measured heat amount. This makes it possible to set the supply destination of the separated gas to an appropriate supply destination from the viewpoint of heat.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, when the amount of heat of the separated gas (the amount of heat measured by the calorimeter 35) is greater than a predetermined threshold stored in the storage unit 53, the supply destination of the separated gas is determined as the host engine 2. Thus, when the heat of the separated gas is large, and the separated gas can be combusted appropriately by the engine 2 for the host machine, the separated gas can be guided to the engine 2 for the host machine and combusted appropriately.
On the other hand, when the amount of heat of the separated gas is small and the separated gas cannot be combusted appropriately by the engine 2 for the host machine (in other words, when the amount of heat of the separated gas is smaller than the predetermined threshold stored in the storage unit 53), the separated gas is guided to the boiler 15, whereby the separated gas can be combusted and energy generated by the combustion can be utilized for the generation of steam.
In this way, in the present embodiment, the separation gas can be guided to the supply destination corresponding to the heat. In addition, the energy generated by combustion can be utilized even when the separation gas is supplied to any supply destination, and therefore, the energy conversion efficiency can be improved.
Further, it is also conceivable to provide a combustion processing apparatus such as GCU (gas combustion unit ) for performing combustion processing only on the separated gas which cannot be properly combusted in the processing engine 2. However, when the ship 1 needs to generate steam for use in the ship, a boiler for generating steam for use in the ship may be provided. In such a case, the combustion treatment apparatus must be provided, and both the combustion treatment apparatus and the boiler must be provided in the ship 1. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the separated gas which cannot be properly combusted in the engine 2 for the main engine can be combusted in the boiler 15, and steam can be generated. This makes it possible to avoid the provision of a combustion processing device. Therefore, the structure can be simplified as compared with the structure in which the combustion processing apparatus is provided.
[ modification ]
Next, a modification of the present embodiment will be described.
In the present modification, a nitrogen content measuring device (nitrogen content measuring unit) for measuring the nitrogen content of the separated gas is provided in the separated gas pipe 33 instead of the calorimeter 35, and the storage unit 53 stores the upper limit value of the nitrogen content of the fuel that the host engine 2 can properly burn as a predetermined threshold value. Further, the difference from the above embodiment is that the determination unit 51 determines the supply destination of the separated gas as the engine 2 for the host when the nitrogen content of the separated gas is smaller than a predetermined threshold value.
According to this modification, the supply destination of the separated gas can be made appropriate from the viewpoint of the nitrogen content. Specifically, in the present modification, when the nitrogen content of the separated gas is greater than the predetermined threshold value stored in the storage unit 53, the supply destination of the separated gas is determined as the boiler 15. Thus, if the nitrogen content of the separated gas is large and the separated gas cannot be combusted properly by the host engine 2, the separated gas can be combusted properly in the boiler 15. When the nitrogen content of the separated gas is smaller than the predetermined threshold value stored in the storage unit 53, the supply destination of the separated gas is determined as the host engine 2. Thus, when the nitrogen content of the separated gas is small and the separated gas can be properly combusted in the engine 2 for the host machine, the separated gas can be properly combusted in the engine 2 for the host machine.
As described above, since the nitrogen is difficult to liquefy and the nitrogen content of the separation gas tends to increase, the separation gas can be supplied more directly to the supply destination corresponding to the component of the separation gas by determining the supply destination from the viewpoint of the nitrogen content. Therefore, the supply destination of the separated gas can be made more appropriate from the viewpoint of the nitrogen content.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified appropriately within a range not departing from the gist thereof.
For example, when not only steam is generated in the economizer 6 but also flame is formed in the furnace 38 of the boiler 15, and steam is generated in the boiler 15 (that is, when additional firing is performed in the boiler 15), the supply destination of the separation gas may be determined based on the measurement result of the pressure gauge 41 that measures the steam pressure in the steam drum 39 of the boiler 15. Specifically, the determination unit 51 may determine the supply destination of the separated gas as the boiler 15 when the pressure measured by the pressure gauge 41 is lower than a predetermined threshold value. The predetermined threshold value may be a set value that can provide the amount of steam required in the ship, for example. When the required amount of steam in the ship is lower than the pressure corresponding to the required amount of steam, the supply destination of the separated gas may be determined as the boiler 15, instead of the predetermined threshold value.
With this configuration, when steam is not properly generated in the boiler 15, the separated gas can be guided to the boiler 15. Therefore, steam can be generated in the boiler 15 appropriately and stably.
In addition, in the case of additional firing by the boiler 15, the supply destination of the separated gas may be determined as the boiler 15. In other words, when the boiler 15 is burned, the separated gas may be used as the fuel of the boiler 15 in preference to the fuel oil supplied through the fuel oil pipe (not shown) and the evaporation gas supplied through the boiler supply pipe 19.
With this configuration, the amount of other fuel (fuel oil, and the evaporation gas supplied through the boiler supply pipe 19) used to form the flame can be reduced.
In the above embodiment, the example in which the first to third valves 19a to 36a are operated by the control device 50 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the open/close states of the first to third valves 19a to 36a may be switched by an operation of an operator.
Symbol description
1: ship
2: engine for host machine
3: box (BW)
3a: discharge piping
4: vapor gas treatment system
5: diesel engine for power generation
6: energy-saving device
11: supply piping
12: compression part
12a: high-pressure compressor
13: reliquefaction device
14: gas-liquid separator
15: boiler
16: engine supply pipe for power generation
17: circulation piping
17a: circulation distributing valve
19: boiler supply piping
19a: first valve
20: air extraction piping
20a: air suction distributing valve
21: compressor for liquefaction
21a: piping arrangement
22: heat exchanger
23: expansion turbine
24: motor with a motor housing having a motor housing with a motor housing
25: driving shaft
26: first re-liquefying piping
27: second reliquefaction piping
27a: reliquefaction piping valve
28: extraction piping
29: first cooling source gas piping
30: second cooling source gas piping
31: LNG tubing
31a: pump with a pump body
32: recycle piping
32a: recirculation piping valve
33: separated gas piping
33a: second valve
34: separated gas piping valve
35: calorimeter
36: branching pipe
36a: third valve
38: hearth furnace
39: steam drum
40: water drum
41: pressure gauge
42: steam piping
43: water supply pipe
44: pump with a pump body
50: control device
51: determination unit
52: and a switching control unit.

Claims (4)

1. An evaporative gas processing system, comprising:
a boiler capable of burning a boil-off gas generated in a tank storing a liquefied gas to generate steam;
a reliquefaction device that liquefies the evaporation gas generated in the tank;
a separation unit that separates the vapor gas in a mixed state of the gas and the liquid, which has been subjected to the liquefaction process in the reliquefaction device, into a gas phase and a liquid phase;
a first pipe that guides the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separation unit to a host internal combustion engine capable of combusting the evaporation gas;
a second pipe for guiding the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separation unit to the boiler;
a switching unit that switches the vapor phase of the vapor phase separated by the separation unit to be directed to the internal combustion engine for the main engine or to the boiler;
a nitrogen content measuring unit that measures a nitrogen content of the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separating unit;
a determination unit that determines a supply destination of the vapor phase vapor separated by the separation unit based on the nitrogen content measured by the nitrogen content measurement unit; and
and a switching control unit that controls the switching unit so that the vapor phase vapor separated by the separation unit is supplied to the supply destination determined by the determination unit.
2. An evaporative gas processing system, comprising:
a boiler capable of burning a boil-off gas generated in a tank storing a liquefied gas to generate steam;
a reliquefaction device that liquefies the evaporation gas generated in the tank;
a separation unit that separates the vapor gas in a mixed state of the gas and the liquid, which has been subjected to the liquefaction process in the reliquefaction device, into a gas phase and a liquid phase;
a first pipe that guides the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separation unit to a host internal combustion engine capable of combusting the evaporation gas;
a second pipe for guiding the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separation unit to the boiler;
a switching unit that switches the vapor phase of the vapor phase separated by the separation unit to be directed to the internal combustion engine for the main engine or to the boiler;
a heat quantity measuring unit that measures heat quantity of the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separating unit;
a determination unit that determines a supply destination of the vapor phase vapor separated by the separation unit based on the heat measured by the heat measurement unit; and
and a switching control unit that controls the switching unit so that the vapor phase vapor separated by the separation unit is supplied to the supply destination determined by the determination unit.
3. An evaporative gas processing system, comprising:
a boiler capable of burning a boil-off gas generated in a tank storing a liquefied gas to generate steam;
a reliquefaction device that liquefies the evaporation gas generated in the tank;
a separation unit that separates the vapor gas in a mixed state of the gas and the liquid, which has been subjected to the liquefaction process in the reliquefaction device, into a gas phase and a liquid phase;
a first pipe that guides the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separation unit to a host internal combustion engine capable of combusting the evaporation gas;
a second pipe for guiding the vapor phase evaporation gas separated by the separation unit to the boiler;
a switching unit that switches the vapor phase of the vapor phase separated by the separation unit to be directed to the internal combustion engine for the main engine or to the boiler;
a pressure measuring unit that measures a pressure of the boiler;
a determining unit configured to determine a supply destination of the vapor phase separated by the separating unit based on the pressure measured by the pressure measuring unit when a flame is formed in the boiler; and
a switching control unit that switches the switching unit so that the evaporation gas is supplied to the supply destination determined by the determination unit,
when the pressure measured by the pressure measuring unit is lower than a predetermined threshold value, the determining unit determines the supply destination of the vapor phase separated by the separating unit as the boiler.
4. A ship comprising the boil-off gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
CN202080016333.7A 2019-02-27 2020-02-06 Evaporated gas treatment system and ship Active CN113474250B (en)

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JP2019033510A JP7179650B2 (en) 2019-02-27 2019-02-27 Boil-off gas treatment system and ship
PCT/JP2020/004619 WO2020175077A1 (en) 2019-02-27 2020-02-06 Boil-off gas treatment system and ship

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WO2020175077A1 (en) 2020-09-03
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JP7179650B2 (en) 2022-11-29
KR20210118140A (en) 2021-09-29

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