CN113472914A - DNS directional prefetching caching method and system - Google Patents
DNS directional prefetching caching method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113472914A CN113472914A CN202110719722.2A CN202110719722A CN113472914A CN 113472914 A CN113472914 A CN 113472914A CN 202110719722 A CN202110719722 A CN 202110719722A CN 113472914 A CN113472914 A CN 113472914A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
- H04L61/4505—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols
- H04L61/4511—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols using domain name system [DNS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/30—Managing network names, e.g. use of aliases or nicknames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
- H04L61/4552—Lookup mechanisms between a plurality of directories; Synchronisation of directories, e.g. metadirectories
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/58—Caching of addresses or names
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Abstract
The invention discloses a DNS directional prefetching cache method and a system thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: performing statistical analysis on the historical domain name query request, constructing a normalized classification based on the attribute information of a domain name query party, and determining an associated domain name corresponding to the classification; and uniformly setting a prefetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively inquiring and caching the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the prefetching period. The invention can improve the efficiency and the flexibility of domain name caching and increase the speed of domain name resolution response.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer network communication, in particular to a DNS directional prefetching caching method and system.
Background
The DNS (Domain Name System) provides an important service on the internet, and essentially bridges the world of people's names and the underlying world of binary protocol addresses. The domain name and IP address mapping method is used as a distributed database for mapping the domain name and the IP address to each other, so that people can access the Internet more conveniently without remembering the IP address number string which can be directly read by a machine, and the process of finally obtaining the IP address corresponding to the domain name through the domain name is called domain name resolution.
However, in the process of performing domain name query by the recursive server according to the DNS protocol, each Time the domain name query consumes one RTT (Round-Trip Time, Round-Trip delay) network duration, and in many cases, the efficiency of domain name query directly determines the speed and experience of accessing the target server. In the prior art, in order to reduce the domain name query time, a cache is set for the domain name result, and even the corresponding cache time is increased. However, the existing cache mainly performs result caching for queried domain names, and a flexible mechanism is lacking for prefetching the cache, so that query efficiency is limited by the access frequency of domain names queried earlier and a great bottleneck exists in the response speed of domain name resolution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a DNS directional prefetching cache method and a DNS directional prefetching cache system, which solve the technical problems that in the prior art, the resource record cache management in a DNS system is not flexible enough, and the domain name resolution response speed is not optimal enough.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a DNS directional prefetching cache method, which comprises the following steps:
performing statistical analysis on the historical domain name query request, constructing a normalized classification based on the attribute information of a domain name query party, and determining an associated domain name corresponding to the classification;
and uniformly setting a prefetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively inquiring and caching the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the prefetching period.
As a further improvement of the above DNS directed prefetch caching method of the present invention, the attribute information of the querying party includes one or more of an IP address, a user group, an interest feature, and a query time of the querying party.
As a further improvement of the DNS directional prefetching caching method, the access address closest to the user position in the server corresponding to the associated domain name is selected according to the user characteristics in the classification corresponding to the associated domain name.
As a further improvement of the DNS directional prefetching cache method, a specific authoritative server is selected for inquiry according to the classification of the associated domain name and the prefetching period.
As a further improvement of the above DNS directed prefetch caching method of the present invention, when a first trigger domain name in an associated domain name is queried, a result of the associated domain name corresponding to the first trigger domain name is obtained from a cache in advance.
In order to solve the above technical problem, a DNS target prefetch cache system of the present invention includes:
the statistical unit is used for performing statistical analysis on the historical domain name query request, constructing a normalized classification based on the attribute information of the domain name query party and determining an associated domain name corresponding to the classification;
and the prefetching unit is used for uniformly setting a prefetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively inquiring and caching the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the prefetching period.
As a further improvement of the above DNS directed prefetch caching system of the present invention, the attribute information of the querying party includes one or more of an IP address, a user group, an interest feature, and a query time of the querying party.
As a further improvement of the above-mentioned DNS directed prefetch caching system of the present invention, the prefetch unit selects an access address closest to the user location in the server corresponding to the associated domain name according to the user characteristics in the classification corresponding to the associated domain name.
As a further improvement of the above-mentioned DNS directed prefetch cache system of the present invention, the prefetch unit selects a specific authoritative server for query according to the classification of the associated domain name and the prefetch cycle.
As a further improvement of the above DNS directed prefetch cache system of the present invention, when a first trigger domain name in an associated domain name is queried, the cache retrieval unit obtains a result of the associated domain name corresponding to the first trigger domain name from the cache in advance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention establishes the association relationship among different domain names according to the attribute information of the domain name inquiring party, realizes a uniform prefetching cache management mechanism for the associated domain names belonging to the same category, and ensures that the domain name inquiring result meets the actual inquiring requirement. The invention can improve the efficiency and the flexibility of domain name caching and increase the speed of domain name resolution response.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a DNS-directed prefetch caching method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a DNS-directed prefetch cache system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and variations in structure, method, or function that may be affected by one of ordinary skill in the art based on these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the same reference numbers or symbols may be used in different embodiments, but these do not represent an absolute relationship in structure or function. Further, the references to "first" and "second" in the embodiments do not represent an absolutely distinct relationship in structure or function, and these are merely for convenience of description.
As shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of a method for prefetching cache based on DNS direction in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In a specific embodiment, the DNS-directed prefetch caching method specifically includes the steps of:
step S1, the historical domain name inquiry request is statistically analyzed, and based on the attribute information of the domain name inquiry party, a normalized classification is constructed and the associated domain name corresponding to the classification is determined. When a user needs to initiate access to a specific domain name, the actual domain name does not have an addressing function due to a network architecture, and the user needs to obtain an IP address corresponding to the domain name to access a specific server. Therefore, when a user initiates access to a specific domain name, the user actually initiates a query to the specific domain name to obtain a corresponding IP address, and the process is implemented by means of a very complete DNS system. First, a user will generally query a local cache to determine whether there is a resource record of a corresponding domain name, and if so, the user will directly access the resource record by using an IP address corresponding to the query. If not, the query is generally initiated to the recursive server, and the recursive server is faced with the query request, and accordingly, the two operations are performed, wherein one operation is to directly search the matched resource record in the cache, and the other operation is to initiate further query to the authority server and return the query result to the queried user.
The invention aims to optimize the existing DNS system, mainly performs correlation analysis on domain names which may need to be accessed in a specific network, and performs prefetching to enrich the content of the cache so as to ensure the later use efficiency of the cache. In the present embodiment, a detailed DNS-directed prefetching process is described mainly with a recursive server as a first perspective. As a recursive server, domain name query requests of related query users are continuously received, and the query requests include queried domain names and information of the query users. For these query requests, there is theoretically a certain rule for users to access the network, so statistical analysis is performed on historical domain name query requests. The analyzed object is a set of different domain name query requests initiated by different users to the recursive server as described above, and further constructs a normalized classification based on the attribute information of the domain name query party and determines the associated domain name corresponding to the classification. It should be noted that, analyzing the historical domain names, the result of which is determining and determining the access rules of users on the network, such as the interested access directions of the same user group, further analyzing the domain name sets with the simultaneous access attribute, that is, establishing the associated domain names with the simultaneous access possibility by analyzing the access rule characteristics of the network, so as to predict the domain name query request existing in the future network access requirement.
In a specific embodiment, the attribute information of the inquiring party includes an IP address, a user group, an interest characteristic, an inquiring time, and the like of the inquiring party. The IP address can locate a specific user, further, for the user bound with a specific recursive server, under the condition of user authorization, specific information registered by the user, including one or more of occupation, age, gender and the like, can be collected, and the time law, the period law and the like of the user accessing a specific domain name are analyzed through deep mining on a user group. The interest feature is an interest of the user in the website content corresponding to the specific domain name, for example, an interest of the specific user in the video website, and the interest feature may be an analysis of the website content historically accessed by the user, or may be an analysis performed by using interest information submitted by the user during binding, as described above. In further embodiments, the query time of different domain names may be analyzed to determine a time characteristic when the domain name is accessed, so as to ensure a prefetching rhythm, for example, a specific domain name is generally only accessed at the end of the month, and then the prefetching frequency of the specific domain name at the beginning of the month may be reduced, and corresponding prefetching is initiated only in days before the end of the month.
Step S2, uniformly setting a pre-fetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively inquiring and caching the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the pre-fetching period. Through the step S1, different types of domain name access situations in the network, that is, the network access big data of the user, can be analyzed, and the domain names belonging to the same feature association are categorized. The analysis result can be used for reversely influencing the strategy of domain name resolution, particularly the management of domain name caching. For the pre-fetching cache, the process is different from the result cache, the result cache is that when domain name query occurs and corresponding resource records are not found in the cache, the query is initiated to the authority server, and at this time, the time for querying the authority server greatly occupies the whole time of the user in the process of querying the recursive server, so that the experience of the whole network access is influenced. The prefetching process, as the name implies, initiates a query to an authoritative server in advance before a possible domain name query request and stores the query result in a cache, so that when the query request of a user arrives, the corresponding resource record result can be immediately returned to the user, and the corresponding query time is greatly shortened.
However, since the prefetching process is bound to face a series of problems, one of which is which domain names need to be searched by the authoritative server in advance, if the hit rate is not high, only various domain name queries on the internet are cached broadly, and a large amount of cache space is bound to be occupied. In addition, for the situation that the resource records may be frequently updated for a specific domain name, for example, the corresponding server of the specific domain name has frequent directional replacement, and the corresponding IP address is also constantly changed, it is also important to adopt what kind of prefetching rhythm is adopted to ensure that the domain name in the cache always keeps the correct resource record of access. Further, for a specific domain name, there may be different servers pointed to at the same time, and different access directions may be made according to different users. In further embodiments, there may be a possibility that different operators of the same user may have different access tendencies, for example, parents and children may wish to access only children mode content when accessing a network to which the same domain name points, and such access may be distinguished by access time, while children typically access before nine pm and parents access after nine pm. Different domain name results are prefetched in different time periods, the problem that access control of certain websites is directly preposed to a DNS (domain name system) layer to solve can be met, and the possibility is provided for flexible application of network access.
Thus, after the respective normalized classifications completed in step S1, associated sets of domain names of different classifications can be established. For example, for video classification, there is a need for visiting domain names such as youku, Tencent video, and Aiqiyi, and such visiting needs usually occur at night in a certain specific area, and the above-mentioned domain names of the beans and the domain names of the video websites can establish an association relationship. The above description is merely an exemplary list, and is not intended to be limiting, nor does it represent that a certain necessary relationship is determined. The purpose of step S1 is to find a domain name that may have an access requirement in the future by classification and association, and further, the relevant time attribute and cycle attribute of domain name access can be analyzed, so that a corresponding prefetching process can be implemented in step S2. In step S2, a preset period is uniformly set for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, as described above, the prefetching operation not only needs to consider which domain names need to obtain the corresponding resource record results in advance, but also needs to determine the prefetching period according to the condition of the domain names themselves and the requirement of the user for accessing the domain names, so that the result of domain name prefetching is always kept up to date, and meanwhile, unnecessary prefetching and caching processes are reduced, and the processing burden caused by prefetching and the storage burden caused by caching are reduced. According to a set prefetching period, a recursive server or other servers with caching requirements initiate prefetching in a specified period, namely, when the period time is up, the process automatically triggers the inquiry of a corresponding authoritative server to obtain a resource record result of a corresponding associated domain name, and caches the resource record result so as to ensure that possible domain name inquiry can be fed back to a user in real time.
In a preferred embodiment, when initiating the pre-fetching process, a query is initiated to a specific authoritative server, where there may be different differences due to different authoritative servers' service quality, and the like, especially for authoritative servers below the top-level dns, since different authoritative servers are responsible for different dns content, there is also a great difference in the server configuration and network managed at the same time, and if a certain specific authoritative server is queried fixedly, the query efficiency may fluctuate. Therefore, during prefetching, a specific authoritative server can be selected for querying according to the classification of the associated domain name and the prefetching period, for example, if prefetching is frequent, an authoritative server with better service quality can be preferentially selected for querying, for example, if the authoritative server a is a server mainly responsible for specific second-level domain name resolution, the authoritative server a can be preferentially selected for querying.
In more embodiments, the classification of the associated domain name further includes a factor of a user characteristic, that is, the classification is performed according to the location of the user group, for example, the domain names in the associated domain name classification 1 are all user queries from a specific area, and at this time, the user prefers to access the access address corresponding to the location of the user, which is closest to the location of the user, so that the speed of the user accessing the server corresponding to the domain name can be increased, and the browsing experience can be improved. As described above, there is a further possibility, for example, that an operator of the same user has both parent and child roles, in this case, the server address of the parent accessing the corresponding domain name and the server address of the child accessing the corresponding domain name are queried from the authority server during prefetching, and different resolution responses are implemented in different time periods. Under the condition that the user and the recursive server carry out strong binding management, different operators under the same user can be more accurately distinguished through the binding information of the user.
Because the domain name response results in the cache are all subjected to the association screening under the support of the historical query data analysis, the hit rate of the domain name queried by the user can be greatly improved, and the cache efficiency is improved. Through accurate prefetching and caching, when the query request of the corresponding domain name exists, the corresponding result can be directly called from the cache and returned to the query user, and unnecessary time loss is avoided. Further, in order to improve the coupling between the associated domain names, because there may often exist successive contacts of successive accesses between the associated domain names, that is, when the associated domain name a is often accessed and used, the user may also use the domain name B along with the access, a mapping mark may be established between the associated domain names of strong access sequential contacts according to the statistical analysis of the historical domain name query request, and when a first trigger domain name in the associated domain names is queried, a result of the first trigger domain name corresponding to the associated domain name is obtained from the cache in advance, thereby reducing the feedback processing time of the possible associated query. More preferably, the recursive server returns not only the response result of the first trigger domain name but also the result of the domain name associated with the first trigger domain name when responding to the query of the first trigger domain name.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a DNS-directed prefetch caching system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The DNS-oriented prefetch cache system specifically comprises a statistical unit U1 and a prefetch unit U2. The DNS directional prefetching cache system breaks through the process of passively caching query results and then caching corresponding caches such as a recursive server, and the like, but locks domain names that may be queried in a future period of time through statistical analysis of historical domain name query requests by the statistical unit U1, and in addition, can analyze an access sequence association relationship between domain names, and sets a corresponding prefetching rhythm by the prefetching unit U2 to obtain resource record results of a specific domain name and cache the resource record results, so as to prepare response for possible domain name query results in advance.
In a specific embodiment, the statistical unit U1 is configured to perform statistical analysis on historical domain name query requests, and the process is to construct a normalized classification based on the attribute information of the domain name querying party and determine an associated domain name corresponding to the classification. The statistical unit U1 combs the disordered domain name query requests among seemingly random domain name query requests, extracts attributes with characteristics for analysis, and specifies the domain name with associations to a uniform dimension through statistical classification, so that the domain name with associations is distributed in the same category and represents one or more characteristic attributes, and the domain name can be used as a reference for a subsequent prefetching operation. The attribute information of the querying party may include one or more of an IP address, a user group, an interest characteristic, and query time of the querying party, and by extracting and analyzing the attribute information, a domain name access rule of a network may be understood and determined, and a domain name condition that may need to be accessed may be predicted.
And the prefetching unit U2 is configured to uniformly set a prefetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively initiate queries and caches for the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the prefetching period. The pre-fetching unit U2, when performing pre-fetching, performs a uniform and undifferentiated pre-fetching operation on the associated domain names belonging to the same category, determines a corresponding preset period according to the characteristic attributes corresponding to the categories, and actively initiates a query on the corresponding associated domain names in the categories according to the preset period.
In a preferred embodiment, the pre-fetch unit U2 selects the access address closest to the user location in the server corresponding to the associated domain name according to the user characteristics in the category corresponding to the associated domain name. The method determines the user attributes represented by the associated domain names in the same classification, and uniformly pre-fetches the servers with the nearest user positions for the associated domain names, wherein the nearest positions can be the distance of geographic positions and more precisely the positions with the shortest network topology, so that the domain names obtained by users are all the best access addresses, and the access speed is improved. The pre-fetching unit U2 may further select a specific authoritative server for querying according to the classification of the associated domain name and the pre-fetching period, where the resource record result obtained by the pre-fetching unit U2 in advance is from the authoritative server, and query response capabilities of different authoritative servers are different, in this embodiment, a more suitable authoritative server may be flexibly selected according to the classification condition of statistical analysis, so as to improve the efficiency of pre-fetching and avoid the problem of unnecessary processing jams.
In more embodiments, in order to reflect the predictability of domain name response and improve the experience of user access, the DNS directional prefetch cache system further includes a cache retrieval unit, and when a first trigger domain name in an associated domain name is queried, the cache retrieval unit not only extracts a resource record result of the first trigger domain name from the cache, but also obtains a result of the associated domain name corresponding to the first trigger domain name from the cache in advance, and further returns the result to the queried user together, so that if the user needs to access the corresponding associated domain name next time, the query process does not need to be initiated again. In order to achieve such a triggering effect, in a specific implementation manner, a triggerable domain name may be marked, and a mapping relationship is established for the domain name triggered in association with the triggerable domain name, so that a response of the associated domain name may be initiated simultaneously when the domain name is triggered. It should be noted that, the embodiments of the DNS-directed prefetch caching system may also refer to the embodiments of the DNS-directed prefetch caching method.
In connection with the technical solutions disclosed in the present Application, the present invention may be directly embodied as hardware, a software module executed by a control unit, or a combination of the two, that is, one or more steps and/or one or more combinations of steps, and may correspond to each software module of a computer program flow, or may correspond to each hardware module, for example, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or other Programmable logic device, a discrete Gate or crystal logic device, a discrete hardware component, or any suitable combination thereof. For convenience of description, the above-mentioned apparatuses are described as being divided into various modules by functions, and of course, the functions of the modules may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware when implementing the present application.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present application can also be implemented by software plus necessary general hardware platform. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may also be embodied in the form of software products, which essentially or partially contribute to the prior art. The software may be executed by a micro-control unit, and may include one or more micro-control units of any type, depending on the desired configuration, including but not limited to a microcontroller, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), or any combination thereof. The software is stored in a memory, such as a volatile memory (e.g., random access memory, etc.), a non-volatile memory (e.g., read-only memory, flash memory, etc.), or any combination thereof.
In summary, the present invention establishes an association relationship between different domain names according to the attribute information of the domain name querying party, and implements a uniform prefetch cache management mechanism for the associated domain names belonging to the same category, thereby ensuring that the domain name querying result meets the actual query requirement. The invention can improve the efficiency and the flexibility of domain name caching and increase the speed of domain name resolution response.
It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A DNS directional prefetching cache method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing statistical analysis on the historical domain name query request, constructing a normalized classification based on the attribute information of a domain name query party, and determining an associated domain name corresponding to the classification;
and uniformly setting a prefetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively inquiring and caching the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the prefetching period.
2. The DNS-directed prefetch caching method according to claim 1, wherein the attribute information of the querying party includes one or more of an IP address, a user group, an interest feature, and a query time of the querying party.
3. The DNS directed prefetch caching method of claim 1, wherein the access address closest to the user location in the server corresponding to the associated domain name is selected according to the user characteristics in the category corresponding to the associated domain name.
4. The DNS-directed prefetch caching method according to claim 1, wherein a specific authoritative server is selected for querying according to the classification of the associated domain name and the prefetch period.
5. The DNS-directed prefetch caching method according to claim 1, wherein when a first trigger domain name in the associated domain names is queried, a result that the first trigger domain name corresponds to the associated domain name is obtained from a cache in advance.
6. A DNS-directed prefetch caching system, comprising:
the statistical unit is used for performing statistical analysis on the historical domain name query request, constructing a normalized classification based on the attribute information of the domain name query party and determining an associated domain name corresponding to the classification;
and the prefetching unit is used for uniformly setting a prefetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively inquiring and caching the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the prefetching period.
7. The DNS-directed prefetch cache system of claim 6, wherein the attribute information of the querying party comprises one or more of an IP address, a user group, an interest characteristic and a query time of the querying party.
8. The DNS-directed prefetch cache system according to claim 6, wherein the prefetch unit selects an access address in the server corresponding to the associated domain name that is closest to the user location according to the user characteristics in the category corresponding to the associated domain name.
9. The DNS-directed prefetch cache system of claim 6, wherein the prefetch unit selects a particular authoritative server for querying based on the classification of the associated domain name and the prefetch period.
10. The DNS directed prefetch cache system according to claim 6, wherein the cache retrieval unit obtains a result that the first trigger domain name corresponds to the associated domain name from the cache in advance when the first trigger domain name in the associated domain names is queried.
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