CN113472914B - DNS directional prefetching caching method and system - Google Patents
DNS directional prefetching caching method and system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
- H04L61/4505—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols
- H04L61/4511—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols using domain name system [DNS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/30—Managing network names, e.g. use of aliases or nicknames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
- H04L61/4552—Lookup mechanisms between a plurality of directories; Synchronisation of directories, e.g. metadirectories
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/58—Caching of addresses or names
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Abstract
The application discloses a DNS directional prefetching caching method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out statistical analysis on the historical domain name inquiry request, constructing normalized classification based on attribute information of a domain name inquirer, and determining an associated domain name corresponding to the classification; and uniformly setting a pre-fetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively initiating inquiry and caching for the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the pre-fetching period. The application can improve the efficiency and flexibility of domain name caching and increase the speed of domain name resolution response.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of computer network communication, in particular to a DNS directional prefetching caching method and system.
Background
DNS (Domain Name System ) provides an important service on the internet, essentially bridging the name world of people and the underlying binary protocol address world. As a distributed database for mapping domain names and IP addresses to each other, the method can enable people to access the Internet more conveniently without memorizing the number strings of the IP addresses which can be directly read by a machine, and the process of finally obtaining the IP addresses corresponding to the domain names through the domain names is called domain name resolution.
However, in the process that the recursive server executes the domain name query according to the DNS protocol, one RTT (Round-Trip Time) of network duration is consumed for each domain name query, and in many cases, the speed and experience of accessing the target server are directly determined by the efficiency of the domain name query. In the prior art, in order to reduce the domain name query time, a cache is set for the domain name result and even the corresponding cache time is improved. However, the existing cache is mainly used for caching results for the queried domain name, and a flexible mechanism is lacked for prefetching the cache, so that the query efficiency is limited by the later access frequency of the domain name queried previously, and the response speed of domain name resolution has a great bottleneck.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a DNS directional prefetching caching method and a system, which solve the technical problems that in the prior art, the resource record caching management in a DNS system is not flexible enough, and the domain name resolution response speed is not optimal enough.
In order to solve the technical problem, the DNS directional prefetching caching method of the application comprises the following steps:
carrying out statistical analysis on the historical domain name inquiry request, constructing normalized classification based on attribute information of a domain name inquirer, and determining an associated domain name corresponding to the classification;
and uniformly setting a pre-fetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively initiating inquiry and caching for the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the pre-fetching period.
As a further improvement of the DNS directional prefetch caching method, the attribute information of the inquirer comprises one or more of an IP address, a user group, interest characteristics and inquiry time of the inquirer.
As a further improvement of the DNS directional prefetching caching method, the access address closest to the user position in the server corresponding to the associated domain name is selected according to the user characteristics in the classification corresponding to the associated domain name.
As a further improvement of the DNS directional prefetching caching method, a specific authoritative server is selected for inquiry according to the classification and the prefetching period of the associated domain name.
As a further improvement of the DNS directional prefetching caching method, when a first trigger domain name in the associated domain name is queried, a result of the first trigger domain name corresponding to the associated domain name is obtained from a cache in advance.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a DNS directional prefetch cache system of the present application includes:
the statistics unit is used for carrying out statistical analysis on the historical domain name inquiry request, constructing normalized classification based on attribute information of a domain name inquiry party and determining an associated domain name corresponding to the classification;
and the prefetching unit is used for uniformly setting a prefetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively inquiring and caching the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the prefetching period.
As a further improvement of the DNS directional prefetch caching system, the attribute information of the inquirer comprises one or more of an IP address, a user group, interest characteristics and inquiry time of the inquirer.
As a further improvement of the DNS directional prefetching cache system, the prefetching unit selects an access address closest to the user position in the server corresponding to the associated domain name according to the user characteristics in the classification corresponding to the associated domain name.
As a further improvement of the DNS directional prefetching cache system, the prefetching unit selects a specific authoritative server for inquiry according to the classification of the associated domain name and the prefetching period.
As a further improvement of the DNS directional prefetching cache system, when a first trigger domain name in the associated domain name is queried, a cache invoking unit acquires a result of the associated domain name corresponding to the first trigger domain name from a cache in advance.
Compared with the prior art, the method establishes the association relationship between different domain names according to the attribute information of the domain name inquiring party, realizes a unified prefetching cache management mechanism for the associated domain names belonging to the same category, and ensures that the domain name inquiring result meets the actual requirement of inquiry. The application can improve the efficiency and flexibility of domain name caching and increase the speed of domain name resolution response.
Other features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments of the present application, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a DNS directional prefetch caching method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a DNS directed prefetch cache system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, these embodiments are not intended to limit the present application, and variations in structure, method, or function that would occur to one skilled in the art based on these embodiments are included in the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that in different embodiments, the same reference numerals or signs may be used, but these do not represent absolute relationships in structure or function. Also, reference to "first" and "second" in the embodiments does not represent an absolute distinction in structure or function, and these are merely for convenience of description.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present application, a flow chart of a DNS directional prefetch caching method is provided. In a specific embodiment, the DNS directed prefetch caching method specifically includes the following steps:
and S1, carrying out statistical analysis on the historical domain name inquiry request, constructing normalized classification based on attribute information of a domain name inquirer, and determining an associated domain name corresponding to the classification. When a user needs to initiate access to a specific domain name, the actual domain name does not have an addressing function due to network architecture, and the access to the specific server can be realized by obtaining an IP address corresponding to the domain name. Thus, when a user initiates access to a specific domain name, a query is actually initiated to the specific domain name to obtain a corresponding IP address, and this process is implemented by means of a very complete DNS system. First, a user will typically query a locally stored cache to determine if there is a resource record for the corresponding domain name, and if so, access is directly made with the IP address corresponding to the query. If not, the query is generally initiated to the recursion server, and the recursion server faces the query request, and accordingly has two operations, namely, directly searching the matched resource record in the cache, and further query is initiated to the authoritative server to return the result of the query to the user of the query.
The application aims to optimize the prior DNS system, mainly to perform association analysis on domain names which may need to be accessed in a specific network and prefetch the content of the cache so as to ensure the later use efficiency of the cache. In this embodiment, a detailed DNS-directed prefetching procedure is mainly described with a recursive server as a first perspective. As a recursive server, domain name query requests of related query users are continuously received, wherein the query requests comprise queried domain names, information of the query users and the like. For these query requests, there is theoretically a rule that a certain user accesses the network, and thus, statistical analysis is performed on the historical domain name query requests. The analyzed object is a set of different domain name query requests initiated by different users to the recursion server as described above, and further builds a normalized classification based on attribute information of domain name querier and determines an associated domain name corresponding to the classification. It should be noted that, the historical domain name is analyzed, and as a result, the access rule of the user on the network, such as the interest access direction of the same user group, is judged and determined, and further, the domain name set with the simultaneous access attribute can be analyzed, namely, the associated domain name with the simultaneous access possibility is established by analyzing the access rule characteristics of the network, so that the domain name query request existing in the future network access requirement can be predicted.
In a specific embodiment, the attribute information of the inquirer includes an IP address of the inquirer, a user group, an interest feature, an inquiry time, and the like. The IP address may locate a specific user, and further, for a user bound to a specific recursive server, specific information registered by the user may also be collected under the condition of user authorization, including one or more of occupation, age, gender, etc., and by deep mining of a user group, a time rule, a period rule, etc. of the user accessing a specific domain name are analyzed. The interest feature is the interest of the user in the website content corresponding to the specific domain name, such as the interest of the specific user in the video website, etc., and the interest feature may be analysis of the content of the website accessed by the user in the history, or may be analysis by the interest information submitted by the user during binding, as described above. In more embodiments, the query time of different domain names may be further analyzed to determine the time feature when the domain name is accessed, so as to ensure the rhythm of prefetching, for example, a specific domain name is generally accessed only at the end of the month, and at this time, the frequency of prefetching the specific domain name at the beginning of the month may be reduced, and the corresponding prefetching may be initiated only within a few days before the end of the month.
And S2, uniformly setting a pre-fetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively inquiring and caching the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the pre-fetching period. Through step S1, different types of domain name access conditions in the network, namely network access big data of the user, can be analyzed, and domain names belonging to the same characteristic association are classified. Through the analysis result, the domain name resolution strategy can be reversely influenced, and particularly, the domain name resolution strategy is used for managing domain name caches. For the prefetching cache, the process is different from the process of the result cache, and the result cache is that when the domain name inquiry occurs, the inquiry is initiated to the authoritative server only when the corresponding resource record is not found in the cache, and the inquiry time to the authoritative server greatly occupies the whole inquiry process time of the user to the recursive server, so that the whole network access experience is influenced. The pre-fetching process, as the name implies, is to initiate a query to the authoritative server in advance before a possible domain name query request and store the query result in a cache, so that when the user's query request arrives, the corresponding resource record result can be immediately returned to the user, and the corresponding query time is greatly shortened.
However, since the prefetching process is necessarily faced with a series of problems, which domain names need to be queried by the authoritative server in advance, if the hit rate is not high, only various domain name queries on the internet are widely cached, and a great deal of cache space is necessarily occupied. In addition, for the situation that a specific domain name may have frequent update of the resource record, for example, a corresponding server of the specific domain name has frequent directional replacement, the corresponding IP address is also continuously changed, so that it is important to use what type of prefetch rhythm to ensure that the domain name in the cache always maintains correct access to the resource record. Further, for a specific domain name, there will be different servers pointed at the same time, and different access points will be made according to different users. In more embodiments, there may be a possibility that different operators of the same user may have different access tendencies, such as parents and children may wish to access only child mode content when accessing the network to which the same domain name points, and the access may be differentiated by access time, typically the child will access before nine pm, and the parents will access after nine pm. Different domain name results are prefetched in different time periods, the problem that access control of certain websites is directly preposed to a DNS layer to solve the problem can be solved, and the possibility is provided for flexible application of network access.
Thus, for the corresponding normalized classification done in step S1, a set of associated domain names for different classifications may be established. For example, in the case of video classification, there is a need to access to the domain names of bean domains, such as the harsh, tencent, and Aiqi, which usually occurs in the evening in a specific area, and the above-mentioned bean domains and the domain names of the video websites can establish an association relationship. The above description is merely an exemplary list, but is not limited thereto, and is not intended to represent that certain association should be established. The purpose of the step S1 is to find the domain name which may have access requirements in the future through classification and association, and further, the related time attribute and the period attribute of domain name access can be analyzed, so that the corresponding prefetching process can be implemented in the step S2. In step S2, a preset period is set for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and as described above, the operation of prefetching needs to consider not only which domain names need to obtain the corresponding resource record results in advance, but also determining the prefetching period according to the conditions of the domain names and the requirements of users for accessing the domain names, so that the results of prefetching the domain names can be guaranteed to be always up to date, unnecessary prefetching caching processes are reduced, and processing burden caused by prefetching and storage burden caused by caching are reduced. According to the preset prefetching period, the recursive server or other servers with the caching requirement can initiate prefetching in a specified period, namely, the process of automatically triggering to inquire the corresponding authoritative server to obtain the resource record result of the corresponding associated domain name when the period time is up, and caching the resource record result to ensure that the domain name inquiry which can arrive can be fed back to the user in real time.
In a preferred embodiment, when a prefetching process is initiated, a query is initiated to a specific authoritative server, where different differences exist due to the service quality of different authoritative servers, especially for authoritative servers below a top-level domain name server, and because the content of domain names responsible for different authoritative servers is different, the configuration and network of managed servers are also greatly different, and if a specific authoritative server is queried fixedly, the query efficiency will fluctuate. Therefore, during prefetching, a specific authoritative server can be selected for querying according to the classification of the associated domain name and the prefetching period, for example, if the prefetching is more frequent, the authoritative server with better service quality can be preferentially selected for querying, for example, the authoritative server A is a server mainly responsible for the analysis of the specific secondary domain name, and at the moment, the authoritative server A can also be preferentially selected for querying.
In more embodiments, the classification of the associated domain name further includes a factor of a user feature, that is, the classification is further performed according to the location of the user group, for example, the domain name in the associated domain name classification 1 is all the user query derived from the specific area, and the user more hopefully accesses the access address closest to the user location, so that the speed of accessing the server corresponding to the domain name by the user can be increased, the browsing experience is improved, and at this time, when the associated domain name in the classification 1 is prefetched, a plurality of IP addresses returned in the authoritative server are screened, and the server closer to the user group is selected. As described above, there are more possibilities, such as that the same user has operators in both roles of parents and children, in which case, not only the authoritative server needs to be queried for the server address of the parent accessing the corresponding domain name, but also the server address of the child accessing the corresponding domain name, and different resolution responses are implemented in different time periods. Under the condition that the user and the recursion server are subjected to strong binding management, different operators under the same user can be distinguished more accurately through binding information of the user.
Because the domain name response results in the cache are all subjected to association screening under the analysis support of the historical query data, the hit rate of the domain name queried by the user can be greatly improved, and the cache efficiency is increased. Through accurate pre-fetching and caching, when a query request of a corresponding domain name exists, a corresponding result can be directly called from the cache and returned to a query user, and unnecessary time loss is avoided. Further, in order to improve the coupling between the associated domain names, because there may be consecutive access connections between the associated domain names, that is, when the domain name a is often used, the user may also use the domain name B along with the access, so that a mapping mark may be established between the associated domain names that are in strong access connection according to statistical analysis of the historical domain name query request, when a first trigger domain name in the associated domain names is queried, a result of the first trigger domain name corresponding to the associated domain name is obtained from the cache in advance, thereby reducing feedback processing time of the possible associated query. More preferably, when responding to the query of the first trigger domain name, the recursion server returns not only the response result of the first trigger domain name, but also the result of the domain name associated with the first trigger domain name.
As shown in fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present application, a DNS-directed prefetch cache system is schematically shown. The DNS directional prefetching cache system specifically comprises a statistics unit U1 and a prefetching unit U2. The DNS directional prefetching caching system breaks the process of caching the query result passively by a recursive server and the like, locks the domain names possibly queried in a future period by the statistical analysis of the historical domain name query requests by the statistical unit U1, can analyze and obtain the access sequence association relationship among the domain names, and sets the corresponding prefetching rhythm by the prefetching unit U2 to acquire the resource record result of the specific domain name and cache the resource record result, so that the preparation for responding to the possible domain name query result is advanced.
In a specific embodiment, the statistics unit U1 is configured to perform statistical analysis on the historical domain name query request, where the process is to construct a normalized class based on attribute information of a domain name query party and determine an associated domain name corresponding to the class. The statistical unit U1 combines the random domain name inquiry requests, extracts characteristic attributes for analysis, reduces the random domain name inquiry requests to a uniform dimension through statistical classification, distributes the associated domain names into the same category, and represents one or more characteristic attributes to be used as a reference for the subsequent prefetching operation. The attribute information of the querying party can include one or more of an IP address, a user group, an interest feature and a query time of the querying party, and by extracting and analyzing the attribute information, a domain name access rule of the network can be understood and determined, a domain name condition possibly needing to be accessed is predicted, and specific contents can refer to an embodiment of a DNS directional prefetch caching method and will not be described herein.
And the prefetching unit U2 is used for uniformly setting a prefetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively inquiring and caching the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the prefetching period. When the prefetching unit U2 performs prefetching, unified indiscriminate prefetching operation is performed on the associated domain names belonging to the same category, corresponding preset periods are determined according to the characteristic attributes corresponding to the categories, and inquiry is actively initiated on the corresponding associated domain names in the categories according to the preset periods.
In a preferred embodiment, the prefetching unit U2 selects the access address closest to the user location in the server corresponding to the associated domain name according to the user characteristics in the classification corresponding to the associated domain name. The method is characterized in that user attributes represented by the associated domain names in the same category are determined, servers with the nearest user positions are pre-fetched for the associated domain names in a unified mode, the nearest position can be the near or far position of the geographic position, more precisely the position with the shortest network topology, the domain names obtained by the users can be guaranteed to be the best access addresses corresponding to the access addresses, and the access speed is improved. The pre-fetching unit U2 may further select a specific authoritative server to query according to the classification and pre-fetching period of the associated domain name, where the resource record result obtained by the pre-fetching unit U2 in advance is derived from the authoritative server, and the query response capacities of different authoritative servers are different.
In more embodiments, in order to reflect predictability of domain name response and improve user access experience, the DNS directional prefetch cache system further sets a cache invoking unit, where when a first trigger domain name in the associated domain name is queried, the cache invoking unit extracts a resource record result of the first trigger domain name from the cache, and obtains a result of the associated domain name corresponding to the first trigger domain name from the cache in advance, and further returns the result to the querying user together, so that if the user needs to access the corresponding associated domain name immediately, the querying process does not need to be initiated again. The first trigger domain name is a domain name of which a user initiates a query, and the domain names can trigger the response of other associated domain names in the same category to return. It should be noted that, for the specific embodiment of the DNS directional prefetch cache system, reference may also be made to the specific embodiment of the DNS directional prefetch cache method.
In connection with the disclosed aspects of the application, it may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a control unit, in one or more steps and/or in a combination of one or more steps, in a software module corresponding to a computer program flow, or in a hardware module such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit ), an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array, field programmable gate array) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or crystal logic device, a discrete hardware component, or any suitable combination thereof. For convenience of description, the above-described apparatus is described as being functionally divided into various modules, and of course, the functions of each module may be implemented in the same or multiple pieces of software and/or hardware when implementing the present application.
From the description of the above embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application may also be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware platforms. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the application may also be embodied in the form of a software product, in essence or in part contributing to the prior art. The software may be executed by a micro-control unit, and may include one or more micro-control units of any type, including but not limited to a microcontroller, DSP (Digital Signal Processor, digital signal control unit), or any combination thereof, depending on the desired configuration. The software is stored in a memory, such as a volatile memory (e.g., random access memory, etc.), a non-volatile memory (e.g., read only memory, flash memory, etc.), or any combination thereof.
In summary, the application establishes the association relationship between different domain names according to the attribute information of the domain name inquiring party, realizes a unified prefetching cache management mechanism for the associated domain names belonging to the same category, and ensures that the domain name inquiring result meets the actual requirement of inquiry. The application can improve the efficiency and flexibility of domain name caching and increase the speed of domain name resolution response.
It should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is described in terms of a single embodiment, and that this description is for clarity only, and that the skilled artisan should recognize that the embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.
The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the present application, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The DNS directional prefetching caching method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
carrying out statistical analysis on the historical domain name query requests, constructing normalized classification based on attribute information of a domain name query party, determining associated domain names corresponding to the classification, and predicting the domain name query requests existing in future network access requirements by analyzing access rule characteristics of a network;
before a domain name inquiry request, uniformly setting a pre-fetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively inquiring and caching the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the pre-fetching period.
2. The DNS directed prefetch caching method according to claim 1, wherein the attribute information of the querying party includes one or more of an IP address of the querying party, a user group, an interest feature, and a query time.
3. The DNS directional prefetch caching method according to claim 1, wherein the access address closest to the user location in the associated domain name correspondence server is selected according to the user characteristics in the associated domain name correspondence classification.
4. The DNS directed prefetch caching method according to claim 1, wherein a specific authoritative server is selected for querying based on the classification and prefetch cycles of the associated domain name.
5. The DNS directional prefetch caching method according to claim 1, wherein when a first trigger domain name in the associated domain name is queried, a result of the first trigger domain name corresponding to the associated domain name is obtained from a cache in advance.
6. A DNS-directed prefetch caching system using the DNS-directed prefetch caching method of claim 1, comprising:
the statistics unit is used for carrying out statistical analysis on the historical domain name inquiry request, constructing normalized classification based on attribute information of a domain name inquiry party and determining an associated domain name corresponding to the classification;
and the prefetching unit is used for uniformly setting a prefetching period for the associated domain names according to the normalized classification, and actively inquiring and caching the corresponding associated domain names in the classification in the prefetching period.
7. The DNS directed prefetch caching system of claim 6, wherein the attribute information of the querying party includes one or more of an IP address of the querying party, a user group, a feature of interest, and a query time.
8. The DNS directed prefetch cache system of claim 6, wherein the prefetch unit selects the access address closest to the user location in the associated domain name correspondence server based on the user characteristics in the associated domain name correspondence classification.
9. The DNS directed prefetch caching system of claim 6, wherein the prefetch unit selects a particular authoritative server for querying based on the classification of the associated domain name and the prefetch cycle.
10. The DNS directional prefetch caching system according to claim 6, wherein the cache retrieving unit obtains, in advance, a result of the first trigger domain name corresponding to the associated domain name from the cache when the first trigger domain name in the associated domain name is queried.
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