CN113466761B - Space magnetic field distribution measuring system and method based on special magnetic-sensitive optical fiber bundle - Google Patents
Space magnetic field distribution measuring system and method based on special magnetic-sensitive optical fiber bundle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113466761B CN113466761B CN202110704861.8A CN202110704861A CN113466761B CN 113466761 B CN113466761 B CN 113466761B CN 202110704861 A CN202110704861 A CN 202110704861A CN 113466761 B CN113466761 B CN 113466761B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/10—Plotting field distribution ; Measuring field distribution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0011—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables comprising means, e.g. flux concentrators, flux guides, for guiding or concentrating the magnetic flux, e.g. to the magnetic sensor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-spatial-resolution magnetic field distribution measuring system and method based on a special magnetic-sensitive optical fiber bundle, and belongs to the field of magnetic field sensing and imaging. After the light source emits laser, linearly polarized light is formed by the polarizer and is sequentially connected into the optical fiber coupler and the 1 XN optical switch, the optical switch is provided with 1 input end and N output ends, and each output end is coupled with one magneto-sensitive optical fiber. The optical switch is controlled by the controller, only one path of light is allowed to pass each time, each magneto-optical fiber is coupled with a magneto-optical crystal after being arrayed in space, and the magneto-optical crystal is placed in a magnetic field to be measured. After the light beam vertically enters the magneto-optical crystal, the light beam is reflected on the second surface of the crystal and returns along the original path, and the light intensity is obtained by the detector. The controller is used for adjusting the 1 XN optical switch to control the optical fiber bundles at different positions to pass light, the magnetic field intensity at one position can be obtained each time, and then synthesis is carried out, so that the measurement and imaging of the space magnetic field can be completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnetic field sensing and imaging, in particular to a space magnetic field distribution measuring system and method based on a special magnetic-sensitive optical fiber bundle.
Background
The optical communication network is one of the foundations of the modern information society, the appearance of the optical fiber plays an irreplaceable role in the information era for human beings, and the optical fiber functional device also plays a significant role in the optical communication network. With the rapid development of science and technology, the conventional optical fiber device is unable to meet the requirements of people more and more, so researchers also begin to continuously research and develop new materials, explore new mechanisms and design new structures to construct novel optical fiber functional devices. Among them, the magneto-optical fiber device has been widely studied because of its many advantages, and fiber magneto-optical devices such as a fiber magnetic field sensor, a variable optical attenuator, and an optical circulator, which are designed by using a magneto-optical effect or by combining an optical fiber and a magnetic material, have been developed.
Under the eyes, the requirement of a magnetic field detection technology is very urgent, and the magnetic field detection technology has great effects in various fields such as aerospace, national defense industry and the like. The traditional magnetic field sensor has obvious defects in the aspects of miniaturization, power consumption, cost, stability and the like, and the optical fiber magnetic field sensor can effectively compensate the defects, so that the traditional magnetic field sensor occupies considerable weight in the research of optical fiber magneto-optical devices. The wide application of magnetic field detection technology has led to the rapid development of fiber optic magnetic field sensors. Meanwhile, the requirements of people on magnetic field measurement are higher and higher, and the superiority of optical fiber technology is more and more shown.
The faraday effect is a magneto-optical phenomenon, i.e. light interacts with a magnetic field in a medium. When polarized light passes through a substance in a magnetic field, such as a magneto-optical crystal, the polarization state of incident light is rotated, and thus magnetic field detection can be performed using the polarization angle as a detection variable. Compared with the traditional magnetic field measuring equipment, the high-spatial-resolution magnetic field distribution measuring system based on the special magnetic-sensitive optical fiber bundle has stronger functionality, can detect the magnetic field in a certain area and record the spatial distribution of the magnetic field, and has wide application prospect in the field of magnetic field detection.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of complex use, single function and the like of the traditional magnetic field sensor, the invention provides a high-spatial-resolution magnetic field distribution measuring system and method based on a special magnetic-sensitive optical fiber bundle. Compared with the traditional magnetic field sensor, the magnetic field distribution measuring system manufactured in the mode has the characteristic of being capable of detecting the magnetic field intensity distribution in a certain area range, is higher in functionality, and has wide application prospect in the field of magnetic field detection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high spatial resolution magnetic field distribution measuring system based on a special magnetic-sensitive optical fiber bundle comprises a light source, a polarizer, an optical fiber coupler, a 1 xN optical switch, an optical switch controller, a magneto-optical crystal, an analyzer, a photoelectric detector and a magnetic-sensitive optical fiber;
the light source is connected with an incident port of the polarizer, an emergent port of the polarizer is connected with a first port on one side of the optical fiber coupler, a second port on the other side of the optical fiber coupler is connected with an incident port of the 1 xN optical switch, and an emergent port of the 1 xN optical switch is connected with the N magneto-sensitive optical fibers; the tail ends of the N magneto-optical fibers are arranged perpendicular to the magneto-optical crystal;
a third port on the other side of the optical fiber coupler is connected with an incident port of the analyzer, and an emergent port of the analyzer is connected with the photoelectric detector;
the 1 XN optical switch is controlled by an optical switch controller.
Preferably, the light source, the polarizer, the optical fiber coupler, the 1 xN optical switch, the magneto-optical crystal, the analyzer and the photodetector are coupled through a magneto-sensitive optical fiber and transmit laser beams.
Preferably, the light beam is transmitted between the two ports of the optical fiber coupler in one direction at a time; wherein, the incident light beam is input from the first port of the optical fiber coupler and is output from the second port; the reflected light beam is input from the second port and output from the third port.
Preferably, the second port and the third port of the optical fiber coupler are coupled with a magneto-sensitive optical fiber respectively; the optical fiber led out from the second port is coupled with the input port of the 1 xN optical switch; and the optical fiber led out from the third port passes through the analyzer and then is connected to the photoelectric detector.
Preferably, the 1 × N optical switch includes an input port and N output ports, and each output port is coupled to one magneto-sensitive optical fiber.
Preferably, the N magneto-sensitive optical fibers are led out from the 1 × N optical switch and then spatially arranged in an m × N optical fiber array, where N = m × N.
Preferably, the rear surface of the magneto-optical crystal is a reflective surface.
Preferably, two end faces of the magneto-sensitive optical fiber are coated with films, a part of each end face, which is close to the edge, is coated with a transmission film in a circular area, the rest part of the end face is coated with a reflection film, and the reflection surface faces the inside of the optical fiber; the positions of the areas coated with the transmission films on the two end faces of the optical fiber are centrosymmetric about the axis of the optical fiber.
In the present invention, the ratio of the diameter of the transmission film to the diameter of the end face of the optical fiber is (1-10): 20, preferably (1-3): 10.
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the high-spatial-resolution magnetic field distribution measuring system based on the special magnetic-sensitive optical fiber bundle, when polarized light in the optical fiber bundle enters a magneto-optical crystal placed in a magnetic field to be measured, based on the Faraday effect, the polarization angle of the polarized light can rotate, and the light beam intensity is changed after passing through an analyzer according to the Malus law, so that the change of the polarization angle can be calculated, the magnetic field intensity is obtained, and the high-spatial-resolution magnetic field distribution measuring system is simple and quick.
(2) The invention adopts the structure of the magneto-sensitive optical fiber bundle, a large number of special magneto-sensitive optical fibers are distributed in the space to form the magneto-sensitive optical fiber bundle, each optical fiber corresponds to different positions in a larger space, and compared with the traditional magnetic field sensor, the magneto-sensitive optical fiber sensor is more efficient, can simultaneously detect and record the magnetic field in a region and form a spatial distribution diagram of the magnetic field intensity with high spatial resolution, has strong functionality and has wide application prospect in the field of magnetic field detection.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the whole high spatial resolution magnetic field distribution measuring system based on a special type magnetic sensitive optical fiber bundle.
Fig. 2 shows the transmission of the light beam in the fiber coupler.
Fig. 3 shows a 1 × N optical switch.
FIG. 4 shows the spatial arrangement of a special type of magneto-sensitive optical fiber bundle;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a magneto-sensitive optical fiber;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of a light beam within a magneto-sensitive optical fiber;
in the figure, 1 is a light source, 2 is a polarizer, 3 is an optical fiber coupler, 31-a first port, 32-a second port, 33-a third port, 4 is a 1 xN optical switch, 41-an incident port, 42-an emergent port, 5 is an optical switch controller, 6 is a magneto-optical crystal, 7 is an analyzer and 8 is a photodetector.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
As shown in fig. 1, the high spatial resolution magnetic field distribution measurement system based on the special magnetic sensitive optical fiber bundle provided by the invention structurally comprises a light source 1, a polarizer 2, an optical fiber coupler 3, a 1 xn optical switch 4, an optical switch controller 5, a special magnetic sensitive optical fiber, a magneto-optical crystal 6, an analyzer 7 and a photoelectric detector 8. Compared with the traditional magnetic field sensor, the magnetic field sensor has the advantages of strong functionality, easiness in operation and the like, and has wide application prospect in the field of magnetic field detection.
After the light source 1 emits laser, the laser passes through the polarizer 2 to form linearly polarized light, and the linearly polarized light enters the optical fiber coupler 3 through optical fiber coupling. The optical fiber coupler has 3 ports, wherein the first port 31 is located at one side of the optical fiber coupler and is used for connecting the output end of the polarizer 2, the second port 32 and the third port 33 are located at the other side of the optical fiber coupler, and the second port 32 and the third port 33 are respectively communicated with the first port 31. The transmission of the light beam in the fiber coupler is shown in fig. 2. Linearly polarized light enters from the first port 31 of the optical fiber coupler and then exits from the second port 32. The returned light enters from the second port 32 and exits from the third port 33.
As shown in fig. 3, the 1 × N optical switch has 1 incident port 41 and N exit ports 42. The optical fiber exiting from the second port 32 of the fiber coupler is connected to the input port 41 of the 1 xn optical switch. N output ports of the 1 XN optical switch are respectively coupled with N special magneto-sensitive optical fibers, and light beams enter the magneto-sensitive optical fibers. The 1 XN photoswitch is controlled by a photoswitch controller 5, the controller sends control signals, different signals correspond to the magneto-sensitive optical fibers at different positions, only one path of light is allowed to pass each time, and therefore the magneto-sensitive optical fiber corresponding to the light intensity detected by the photoelectric detector each time can be known.
The N magnetosensitive optical fibers are led out from the 1 × N optical switch, distributed at different positions in space, and arranged into an m × N spatial optical fiber array, as shown in fig. 4, where m × N = N. The other ends of the N special magneto-sensitive optical fibers are coupled into a magneto-optical crystal, and the magneto-optical crystal is placed in a magnetic field to be detected for detection.
The light beam vertically enters the magneto-optical crystal from the magneto-sensitive optical fiber, and after passing through the magnetic field of the region to be detected, the polarization angle of the light beam is deflected. The light beams are reflected on the rear surface of the magneto-optical crystal and return along the original path, enter from the second port 32 of the optical fiber coupler, exit from the third port 33, and pass through the analyzer 7, and then the light intensity of the detection position is obtained by the photoelectric detector 8. The 1 XN optical switch is adjusted by the optical switch controller 5, so that each special magnetic-sensitive optical fiber is light-transmitting once, and the light intensity of the corresponding position of each magnetic-sensitive optical fiber can be obtained. Because the transmission speed of light in the optical fiber is very high, the deflection angles of the light beams at the corresponding positions of all the magneto-sensitive optical fibers after passing through the magnetic field can be obtained in a short time, and the distribution of the relative intensity of the magnetic field is obtained; and synthesizing the data of the corresponding positions of the N magneto-sensitive optical fibers to obtain a spatial distribution image with magnetic field intensity.
In one embodiment of the invention, the magneto-sensitive optical fiber is coated on both end faces of the optical fiber. As shown in fig. 5, a very small area is coated with the transmission film, and the rest is coated with the total reflection film, and the transmission areas at the two ends are opposite (i.e. if one is at the left edge and the other is at the right edge when viewed from one end face). As shown in fig. 6, when the light beam is incident at a slight angle from one transmissive region, multiple reflections occur in the optical fiber until the light beam exits from the other transmissive region. By adopting the mode, the optical path of the transmission light beam can be multiplied in the limited length of the optical fiber, the magneto-optical effect of the optical fiber is amplified according to the formula of the Faraday effect, and the measurement sensitivity can be increased.
When the magneto-sensitive optical fiber is used, one end of the magneto-sensitive optical fiber is used as a position for coupling in light beams, and the other end of the magneto-sensitive optical fiber is used as a position for emitting the light beams.
The working principle of the magnetic field sensor based on the magneto-optical fiber bundle provided by the invention is as follows:
light beams emitted by a light source form linearly polarized light through a polarizer, the linearly polarized light is coupled into a 1 XN optical switch by using an optical fiber coupler, the output end of the optical switch is connected with N special magneto-sensitive optical fibers, then the light beams are respectively coupled into magneto-optical crystals, and the magneto-optical crystals are placed in a magnetic field to be detected for detection. And the light in the magneto-optical crystal is reflected on the rear surface of the magneto-optical crystal, returns to the original path, is emitted from a third port of the optical fiber coupler and is received by the photoelectric detector. According to the faraday effect, when an external magnetic field acts on a medium with magneto-optical properties along the transmission direction of linearly polarized light, the polarization angle of the linearly polarized light is deflected. The deflection angle of the plane of polarization is proportional to the path L traveled by the light in the material and to the component B of the external magnetic induction parallel to the direction of propagation of the light, which can be generally expressed as:
θ＝VBL
where V is a Verdet constant (rad/m/T) and is dependent on the material, wavelength of light, temperature, etc. When the material has a larger Verdet constant, the Faraday magneto-optical effect is obvious, which is beneficial to the measurement of the magnetic field. Under the action of the magnetic field, the polarization angle of the polarized light in the magneto-optical crystal is deflected. The light beam incident to the magneto-optical crystal returns along the original path under the reflection action of the rear surface of the magneto-optical crystal, is emitted from the third port of the optical fiber coupler, and is incident on the photoelectric detector after passing through the analyzer. The relative intensity of the light beams can change, the photoelectric detector obtains the light intensity of the corresponding position of each magneto-sensitive optical fiber, the change amount of the polarization angle can be calculated according to the Malus law, the relative magnetic field intensity of each point in space can be calculated according to the Faraday effect, and finally the space distribution diagram of the magnetic field intensity is synthesized and obtained, so that the measurement of the magnetic field distribution with high spatial resolution is completed.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the magnetic field distribution with high spatial resolution by using the system, which comprises the following steps:
the magneto-optical crystal 6 is placed in a magnetic field to be measured, the light source 1 is started to emit laser, and linearly polarized light is formed by the polarizer 2; the generated polarized light beam passes through the first port 31 and the second port 32 of the optical fiber coupler 3 in sequence, and then is coupled into the 1 xN optical switch 4;
one of N output ports of the 1 xN optical switch 4 is controlled to be switched on by the optical switch controller 5, and the other output ports are switched off; the magneto-sensitive optical fiber connected with the output port opened at the current moment vertically couples the polarized light beam into the magneto-optical crystal 6, the polarized light beam in the magneto-optical crystal 6 passes through a magnetic field to be detected, the polarization angle is changed due to the Faraday effect, the polarized light beam is reflected by the rear surface of the magneto-optical crystal 6 and then returns along the original path, the return path sequentially passes through the exit port 42 and the entrance port 41 of the 1 xN optical switch 4 opened at the current moment, the second port 32 and the third port 33 of the optical fiber coupler 3, the analyzer 7 and the photoelectric detector 8, and the strength of the emergent light at the corresponding position is detected by the photoelectric detector 8;
and continuous numbering information is sent by the optical switch controller 5, each number corresponds to one output port of the 1 xN optical switch 4, all the exit ports 42 are traversed, and each exit port 42 is aligned to different incident positions of the magneto-optical crystal 6 through the magneto-sensitive optical fiber, so that the transmission light intensity of different positions in the magneto-optical crystal is finally obtained, the relative strength of magnetic fields at different positions is further obtained, and the spatial distribution image of the magnetic field is obtained after synthesis.
The foregoing lists merely exemplary embodiments of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by the person skilled in the art from the present disclosure are to be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A space magnetic field distribution measuring system based on a special magnetic-sensitive optical fiber bundle is characterized by comprising a light source (1), a polarizer (2), an optical fiber coupler (3), a 1 xN optical switch (4), an optical switch controller (5), a magneto-optical crystal (6), an analyzer (7), a photoelectric detector (8) and a magnetic-sensitive optical fiber; the 1 XN optical switch (4) comprises an incident port (41) and N emergent ports (42), and each emergent port (42) is coupled with a magneto-sensitive optical fiber;
the light source (1) is connected with an incident port of the polarizer (2), an emergent port of the polarizer is connected with a first port (31) on one side of the optical fiber coupler (3), a second port (32) on the other side of the optical fiber coupler (3) is connected with an incident port (41) of the 1 xN optical switch (4), and an emergent port (42) of the 1 xN optical switch (4) is connected with N magneto-sensitive optical fibers; the N magneto-sensitive optical fibers are led out from the 1 XN optical switch (4) and then are arranged into an m × N optical fiber array in space, wherein N = m × N; the tail ends of the N magneto-sensitive optical fibers are arranged perpendicular to the magneto-optical crystal (6); two end surfaces of the magneto-sensitive optical fiber are coated with films, a part of each end surface, which is close to the edge, is coated with a transmission film in a circular area, and the rest of the end surfaces are coated with reflection films, and the reflection surfaces face the inside of the optical fiber; the positions of the areas plated with the transmission films on the two end faces of the optical fiber are centrosymmetric about the optical fiber axis;
a third port (33) on the other side of the optical fiber coupler (3) is connected with an incident port of the analyzer (7), and an emergent port of the analyzer (7) is connected with the photoelectric detector;
the 1 XN optical switch (4) is controlled by an optical switch controller (5).
2. A special type of magneto-sensitive optical fiber bundle-based spatial magnetic field distribution measurement system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source (1), polarizer (2), fiber coupler (3), 1 XN optical switch (4), magneto-optical crystal (6), analyzer (7), photodetector (8) are all coupled by magneto-sensitive optical fiber and transmit laser beam.
3. A special magneto-sensitive fiber bundle-based spatial magnetic field distribution measuring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the light beam is transmitted unidirectionally only between two ports of the fiber coupler (3) at a time; wherein an incident light beam is input from a first port (31) and output from a second port (32) of the fiber coupler; the reflected beam is input from the second port (32) and output from the third port (33).
4. A special magneto-sensitive fiber bundle-based spatial magnetic field distribution measuring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second port (32) and the third port (33) of the fiber coupler (3) are each coupled with a magneto-sensitive fiber; the optical fiber led out from the second port (32) is coupled with the input port of the 1 xN optical switch (4); and the optical fiber led out from the third port (33) passes through the analyzer (7) and then is connected to the photoelectric detector (8).
5. A special type of magneto-sensitive fiber bundle based spatial magnetic field distribution measuring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the rear surface of the magneto-optical crystal (6) is a reflecting surface.
6. A special type of magneto-sensitive optical fiber bundle-based spatial magnetic field distribution measuring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the transmission film to the diameter of the end face of the optical fiber is (1-10): 20.
7. A measuring method of a special type magnetic sensitive optical fiber bundle-based space magnetic field distribution measuring system according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the magneto-optical crystal (6) is placed in a magnetic field to be measured, a light source (1) is started to emit laser, and linearly polarized light is formed through the polarizer (2); the generated polarized light beam passes through a first port (31) and a second port (32) of the optical fiber coupler (3) in sequence and then is coupled into a 1 xN optical switch (4);
one of N output ports of the 1 XN optical switch (4) is controlled to be opened by the optical switch controller (5), and the other output ports are all closed; the magneto-sensitive optical fiber connected with the output port which is switched on at the current moment vertically couples the polarized light beam into the magneto-optical crystal (6), the polarized light beam in the magneto-optical crystal (6) passes through a magnetic field to be measured, the polarization angle is changed due to the Faraday effect, the polarized light beam is reflected by the rear surface of the magneto-optical crystal (6) and then returns along the original path, the return path sequentially passes through the exit port (42) and the entrance port (41) of the 1 xN optical switch (4) which is switched on at the current moment, the second port (32) and the third port (33) of the optical fiber coupler (3), the analyzer (7) and the photoelectric detector (8), and the photoelectric detector (8) detects the intensity of the emergent light at the corresponding position;
and continuous numbering information is sent by the optical switch controller (5), each number corresponds to one output port of the 1 xN optical switch (4), all the emergent ports (42) are traversed, and each emergent port (42) is aligned to different incident positions of the magneto-optical crystal (6) through the magneto-sensitive optical fiber, so that the transmission light intensity of different positions in the magneto-optical crystal is finally obtained, the relative strength of magnetic fields at different positions is further obtained, and the spatial distribution image of the magnetic field is obtained after synthesis.
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