CN113466635A - Material surface insulation and partial discharge characteristic measuring device - Google Patents

Material surface insulation and partial discharge characteristic measuring device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113466635A
CN113466635A CN202110539279.0A CN202110539279A CN113466635A CN 113466635 A CN113466635 A CN 113466635A CN 202110539279 A CN202110539279 A CN 202110539279A CN 113466635 A CN113466635 A CN 113466635A
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China
Prior art keywords
electrode
upper electrode
partial discharge
sheath
sealing
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CN113466635B (en
Inventor
齐波
卢理成
杨霄
张一�
杨卓栋
李成榕
阎法强
董浩
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SINOMA JIANGXI ELECTRICAL PORCELAIN ELECTRIC CO LTD
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
North China Electric Power University
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SINOMA JIANGXI ELECTRICAL PORCELAIN ELECTRIC CO LTD
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
North China Electric Power University
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Priority to CN202110539279.0A priority Critical patent/CN113466635B/en
Publication of CN113466635A publication Critical patent/CN113466635A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G01R31/1263Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
    • G01R31/1272Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/02General constructional details
    • G01R1/04Housings; Supporting members; Arrangements of terminals
    • G01R1/0408Test fixtures or contact fields; Connectors or connecting adaptors; Test clips; Test sockets

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of power generation, transformation or distribution of electric power, concretely relates to material surface insulation and partial discharge characteristic measuring device mainly includes exocoel, upper electrode, insulating sheath and bottom electrode. The outer cavity is used for sealing, supporting and fixing, the upper electrode is used for voltage application and heat dissipation, the insulating sheath is used for electrically insulating the upper electrode from the outer cavity, and the lower electrode is used for fixing a sample, controlling temperature and adjusting measurement. The device provided by the invention can meet the requirements of actual working conditions under test conditions, and can simultaneously adjust the temperature gradient, the air pressure, the micro water and the metal particles under the action of high voltage stress; the corona-free design of the invention can realize that the corona interference caused by a strong electric field is avoided in the high-temperature and high-pressure experimental process; and the measurement of multiple physical quantities such as temperature gradient, air pressure, micro water, electric signals and optical signals can be realized.

Description

Material surface insulation and partial discharge characteristic measuring device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power generation, power transformation or power distribution of electric power, and particularly relates to a device for measuring surface insulation and partial discharge characteristics of a material.
Background
The ultra-high voltage direct current transmission technology is called as the first choice of ultra-large capacity and ultra-long distance transmission, and the key points of the direct current transmission technology are SF6 gas insulated metal fully-closed switch equipment, a pipeline bus and a dry-type gas insulated wall bushing. The support insulator is a main insulating component of key equipment such as GIS, GIL and a wall bushing and is a core component restricting the overall performance of the equipment, and the reliability of the insulator directly determines the reliability of the gas insulating equipment.
Engineering operation experience shows that the failure or accident rate of the gas insulation equipment is far beyond expectation, related insulation design experience is still insufficient, and novel equipment such as an extra-high voltage direct-current wall bushing is broken down when accidents of the inner insulator occur. Most of ground faults are caused by surface flashover of insulators inside equipment, and measurement, diagnosis and prediction of insulation characteristics of supporting insulator materials are important means for researching the insulation problem of the extra-high voltage direct current sleeve, so that an insulation test device based on the extra-high voltage direct current sleeve is needed.
Because the support insulator of the extra-high voltage direct current sleeve works under the working conditions of high voltage, large temperature gradient and high air pressure, the support insulator may also have the influence of micro water and metal particles, the measurement of the insulation characteristic needs to simultaneously measure a plurality of signals such as temperature gradient, air pressure, micro water content, electric signals, optical signals and the like, and the insulation test device comprising the characteristics is the basis for researching the extra-high voltage direct current sleeve. This patent is exactly the insulation test device to above characteristic design.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome a series of defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device for measuring the surface insulation and partial discharge characteristics of a rear suspension power material of a longitudinal axial flow harvester, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The invention relates to a device for measuring the surface insulation and partial discharge characteristics of a material, which comprises an outer cavity, an upper electrode, an insulation sheath and a lower electrode;
the outer cavity comprises a cavity shell 1, a pull-out opening 2, a barometer 3, a micro-water sensor 4, an observation window 5, an interface window 6 and an air valve 7;
the side part of the longitudinal cylinder of the cavity shell 1 is provided with a pull opening 2, an observation window 5, an interface window 6 and an air valve 7; the upper electrode comprises an upper electrode plate 8, a high-pressure guide rod 9, an internal cooling oil path 10, a pressure equalizing device 11 and an anti-sinking plate 12;
the upper electrode plate 8 is connected with the high-pressure guide rod 9, an internal cooling oil circuit 10 and a pressure equalizing device 11 are respectively arranged inside and at the top of the high-pressure guide rod 9 and are fixedly connected with an anti-sinking plate 12;
the insulating sheath comprises a sheath main body 13, a fluororubber sealing ring 14, a fixing bolt 15 and a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing bottom cover 16;
the sheath main body 13 is arranged on the top of the cavity shell 1 through a fixing bolt 15, and a fluorine rubber sealing ring 14 and a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing bottom cover 16 are arranged between the sheath main body and the cavity shell for sealing. The bottom electrode includes down electrode plate 17, annular ceramic heating plate 18, thermocouple 19, lower electrode post 20, supporting spring 21 and electrode holder 22 down, electrode post 20 is the movable part down, and lower electrode holder 22 is the fixed part, is the rotator around the central axis, electrode post 20 inserts down in the electrode holder 22 down, guarantees only to reciprocate along the axis direction.
Preferably, the outer cavity is made of stainless steel materials, the flange at the top of the outer cavity and the insulating sheath are fastened and sealed through screws and sealing rings, and all ports are of double-ring static sealing structures.
Preferably, the openings of the cavity shell 1 are distributed according to an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is provided with a plurality of pulling openings 2 for installing a barometer and a density relay, the middle layer is provided with an observation window 5 for observing and taking and placing a sample, and the lower layer is provided with an interface window 6 for installing a measurement lead interface, a control lead interface and a gas valve.
Preferably, the upper electrode plate 8 is made of aluminum alloy material, and the high-pressure guide rod 9 is provided with two interfaces for the cooling oil to enter and exit, so that the high-pressure guide rod is connected with the internal cooling oil path 10.
Preferably, in order to prevent corona from occurring at the oil path interface and the end of the electrode, a voltage-equalizing ring and a voltage-equalizing ball are respectively installed at the top of the high-voltage guide rod 9; in order to prevent the relative displacement of the upper electrode under the action of gravity, an anti-sinking plate is arranged on the top of the sheath main body 13.
Preferably, the sheath main body 13 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the upper end of the insulating sheath is in contact with the anti-sinking plate of the upper electrode, a supporting and sealing effect is achieved, a cylindrical groove is formed in the cavity and used for prolonging the creepage distance, and the lower surface of the insulating sheath is prevented from flashover in a strong field.
Preferably, the lower electrode plate 17 is made of aluminum alloy material.
The device for measuring the surface insulation and partial discharge characteristics of the material has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the test conditions can meet the requirements of actual working conditions, and the temperature gradient, the air pressure, the micro water and the metal particles can be adjusted simultaneously under the action of high voltage stress;
(2) the corona-free design of the measuring device can realize that the corona interference caused by a strong electric field is avoided in the high-temperature and high-pressure experimental process;
(3) the device can realize the measurement of multiple physical quantities of temperature gradient, air pressure, micro water, electric signals and optical signals.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall view of the chamber of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the outer chamber of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upper electrode in the device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an insulating sheath in the device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the lower electrode of the device of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
1, a cavity shell, 2 pull-out openings, 3, a barometer, 4 micro-water sensors, 5 observation windows, 6 interface windows and 7 air valves;
8 upper electrode plates, 9 high-pressure guide rods, 10 internal cooling oil ways, 11 pressure equalizing devices and 12 anti-sinking plates;
13 sheath main bodies, 14 fluororubber sealing rings, 15 fixing bolts and 16 polytetrafluoroethylene sealing bottom covers;
17 lower electrode plates, 18 annular ceramic heating plates, 19 thermocouples, 20 lower electrode columns, 21 supporting springs and 22 lower electrode holders.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments and the directional terms described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used in the explanation of the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In one broad embodiment of the invention, a device for measuring the insulation and partial discharge characteristics of a material surface mainly comprises an outer cavity, an upper electrode, an insulation sheath and a lower electrode. The outer cavity is used for sealing, supporting and fixing, the upper electrode is used for voltage application and heat dissipation, the insulating sheath is used for electrically insulating the upper electrode from the outer cavity, and the lower electrode is used for fixing a sample, controlling temperature and adjusting measurement.
The outer cavity comprises a cavity shell 1, a pull-out opening 2, a barometer 3, a micro-water sensor 4, an observation window 5, an interface window 6 and an air valve 7. The side part of the longitudinal cylinder of the cavity shell 1 is provided with a pull opening 2, an observation window 5, an interface window 6 and an air valve 7. In order to ensure the structural strength of the outer cavity, the outer cavity is made of stainless steel. The flange at the top of the outer cavity and the insulating sheath are fastened and sealed through screws and sealing rings, and all ports adopt a double-ring static sealing structure. The opening of the cavity shell 1 is distributed according to an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is provided with a plurality of pulling ports 2 for installing a barometer and a density relay, the middle layer is provided with an observation window for observing and taking and placing a sample, and the lower layer is provided with an interface window 6 for installing a measuring lead interface, a control lead interface and an air valve 7.
The upper electrode comprises an upper electrode plate 8, a high-pressure guide rod 9, an internal cooling oil path 10, a pressure equalizing device 11 and an anti-sinking plate 12. The upper electrode plate 8 is made of aluminum alloy. The upper electrode plate 8 is connected with the high-pressure guide rod 9, an internal cooling oil circuit 10 and a pressure equalizing device 11 are respectively arranged inside and at the top of the high-pressure guide rod 9 and are fixedly connected with an anti-sinking plate 12. The high-pressure guide rod 9 is provided with two interfaces for the cooling oil to enter and exit, so that the high-pressure guide rod is connected with an internal cooling oil path 10. During normal operation, the heat energy of the upper electrode plate 8 is taken away by the convection heat dissipation of the cooling oil in the electrode, so that the temperature of the upper electrode plate 8 is maintained at a certain constant low temperature. In order to prevent the oil circuit interface and the electrode end part from generating corona, a voltage-sharing ring and a voltage-sharing ball are respectively arranged at the top of the high-voltage guide rod 9. In order to prevent the relative displacement of the upper electrode under the action of gravity, an anti-sinking plate is arranged on the top of the sheath main body 13.
The insulating sheath comprises a sheath main body 13, a fluororubber sealing ring 14, a fixing bolt 15 and a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing bottom cover 16. The sheath main body 13 is arranged on the top of the cavity shell 1 through a fixing bolt 15, and a fluorine rubber sealing ring 14 and a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing bottom cover 16 are arranged between the sheath main body and the cavity shell for sealing. Sheath main part 13 adopts the polytetrafluoroethylene material, and the upper end of insulating sheath and the contact of the anti-falling board of last electrode play support and sealed effect, are provided with the cylinder groove in the cavity inside for prolong creepage distance, prevent that insulating sheath lower surface from taking place the flashover under the high field. A fluororubber sealing ring is adopted for sealing between the insulating sheath and the flange of the cavity shell, so that the sealing performance of the device is ensured; the fixing bolts with the inner hexagonal flat round heads are adopted for fastening, so that the mechanical strength of the connecting part of the insulating sheath and the cavity flange under high pressure is met, and corona cannot occur. The inner side of the cylindrical groove of the insulating sheath and the PTFE sealing bottom cover are both provided with threads which are matched and screwed, so that the air tightness and the mechanical strength are enhanced.
The lower electrode comprises a lower electrode plate 17, an annular ceramic heating plate 18, a thermocouple 19, a lower electrode column 20, a supporting spring 21 and a lower electrode holder 22. The lower electrode plate 17 is made of aluminum alloy material. The temperature is controlled by the annular ceramic heating plate and the thermocouple, so that the high-temperature environment is ensured. The lower electrode column 20 is a movable part, and the lower electrode holder 22 is a fixed part, which are all rotary bodies surrounding the central axis. The lower electrode column 20 is inserted into a lower electrode holder 22, ensuring only up and down movement in the axial direction. And applying mechanical force through the supporting spring to ensure that the upper electrode and the lower electrode clamp the sample.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the test conditions can meet the requirements of actual working conditions, and the temperature gradient, the air pressure, the micro water and the metal particles can be adjusted simultaneously under the action of high voltage stress;
the temperature adjusting range is 0-150 ℃, and due to the heat effect in the using process of the central guide rod of the extra-high voltage direct current sleeve, a certain temperature gradient is formed between the environment temperature of the sleeve shell and the supporting insulator between the central guide rod in actual operation. In order to simulate the actual operating conditions more accurately, the annular ceramic heating plate 18 is clamped below the lower electrode plate 17 and is as close to the tested object as possible, so that the tested object is heated rapidly. The internal cooling oil passage 10 varies the heat dissipation capacity by controlling the flow rate of the cooling oil to control the temperature of the upper electrode plate 8. The thermocouples 19 capable of measuring temperature under high pressure respectively extend into the upper part of the upper electrode plate 8 and the lower part of the lower electrode plate 17 and are close to the measured object as much as possible, and due to the low thermal resistance of the metal electrodes, the arrangement mode can accurately measure the temperature of the top and the bottom of the sample as much as possible.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the air pressure adjusting range is 50 Pa-0.6 MPa, and the air pressure adjusting device is realized by matching the pull port 2, the barometer 3, the external vacuum pump and the protective gas cylinder. The pull port 2 is connected with a vacuum pump, a valve of the pull port 2 is opened, the vacuum pump is started until the barometer 3 displays 50Pa, the valve of the pull port 2 is closed, and the vacuum pump is closed and disconnected. Connecting the pull opening 2 and the protective gas cylinder, opening a valve of the pull opening 2, opening the protective gas cylinder until the barometer 3 displays the specified air pressure, and closing the pull opening 2 and the valve of the protective gas cylinder and disconnecting the connection. When the air pressure is lower than 0.1MPa and the air needs to be exhausted outwards, the pull opening 2 and the vacuum pump are connected, the valve of the pull opening 2 is opened, the vacuum pump is started until the barometer 3 displays 50Pa, the valve of the pull opening 2 is closed, the vacuum pump is closed and disconnected, the valve of the pull opening 2 is opened again, and the air enters until the air pressure in the cavity is 0.1 MPa.
The micro-water adjusting range is 10-40000ppm, and the micro-water adjusting is realized by matching the drawing port 2, the micro-water sensor 4 and an external high-precision sampler. And controlling the air pressure of the cavity to be 50Pa according to the air pressure adjusting mode, and closing the inner valve and the outer valve of the pull opening 2. A certain amount of moisture is absorbed by a high-precision sampler and is injected into the water-absorbing sponge, the outer valve of the pull-out opening 2 is opened, and the sponge is placed into the air chamber between the inner valve and the outer valve of the pull-out opening 2. And connecting an outer valve of the pull opening 2 with a protective gas cylinder, opening an inner valve of the pull opening 2 and the protective gas cylinder, and introducing gas, so that micro water enters the device and is uniformly distributed. The micro water content in the device is accurately controlled through the value measured by the micro water sensor 4.
The metal fine particles are adjusted in such a manner that a certain amount of metal fine particles are weighed by an electronic balance with the prepared metal particles having a particle size range of 10 to 100 μm. The observation window 5 is opened, and the metal fine particles are placed on the surface of the lower electrode plate 17, and the observation window is closed.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the corona-free design of the measuring device can realize that the measuring device is not interfered by corona caused by a strong electric field in the high-temperature and high-pressure experiment process;
the upper electrode of the measuring device can apply 110kV positive polarity direct current voltage, and the upper electrode comprises a complex temperature control device such as an internal cooling oil circuit 10. When high voltage is applied, the upper electrode bears high voltage, the oil inlet interface and the oil outlet interface of the internal cooling oil path 10 adopt the equalizing ring of the equalizing device 11 to reduce the surface electric field, and the high-voltage guide rod 9 adopts the equalizing ball of the equalizing device 11 to reduce the surface electric field to be lower than the corona field intensity. In order to simultaneously ensure that the jacket main body 13 is tightly connected with the wall body shell 1 and the electric field on the surface of the jacket is smaller than the corona-initiating field intensity, the jacket is fastened by a fixing bolt 15. In order to ensure that the surface field intensity of the annular ceramic heating plate 18, the thermocouple 19 and the lower electrode column 20 of the lower electrode is smaller than the corona starting field intensity, the lower electrode plate 17 adopts an annular surrounding structure.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the measurement of multiple physical quantities of temperature gradient, air pressure, micro water, electric signals and optical signals can be realized.
The temperature gradient is measured at multiple points of the upper electrode plate 8, the lower electrode plate 17 and the sample by thermocouples 19 and is displayed on a display screen through data transmission lines. The air pressure was measured by a barometer 3 and displayed. The micro water content is measured by the micro water sensor 4 and is displayed on the display screen through the data transmission line. The electrical signal measurement is measured by an external measurement loop connected to the lower electrode. The optical signal measurement is performed by mounting a measuring device on the observation window 5.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A material surface insulation and partial discharge characteristic measuring device comprises an outer cavity, an upper electrode, an insulation sheath and a lower electrode;
the outer cavity comprises a cavity shell (1), a pull opening (2), a barometer (3), a micro water sensor (4), an observation window (5), an interface window (6) and an air valve (7);
a pull opening (2), an observation window (5), an interface window (6) and an air valve (7) are arranged at the side part of the longitudinally arranged cylinder of the cavity shell (1); the upper electrode comprises an upper electrode plate (8), a high-pressure guide rod (9), an internal cooling oil circuit (10), a pressure equalizing device (11) and an anti-sinking plate (12);
the upper electrode plate (8) is connected with the high-pressure guide rod (9), and an internal cooling oil circuit (10) and a pressure equalizing device (11) are respectively arranged inside and at the top of the high-pressure guide rod (9) and are fixedly connected with an anti-sinking plate (12);
the insulating sheath comprises a sheath main body (13), a fluororubber sealing ring (14), a fixing bolt (15) and a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing bottom cover (16);
the sheath main body (13) is arranged at the top of the cavity shell (1) through a fixing bolt (15), and a fluorine rubber sealing ring (14) and a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing bottom cover (16) are arranged between the sheath main body and the cavity shell for sealing. The bottom electrode includes down electrode plate (17), annular ceramic heater piece (18), thermocouple (19), lower electrode post (20), supporting spring (21) and electrode holder (22) down, electrode post (20) are the movable part down, and electrode holder (22) are fixed part down, are the rotator around the central axis, electrode post (20) insert down in electrode holder (22), guarantee only to reciprocate along the axis direction.
2. The apparatus for measuring the surface insulation and partial discharge characteristics of materials according to claim 1, wherein the outer chamber is made of stainless steel, the top flange of the outer chamber and the insulating sheath are tightly sealed by screws and sealing rings, and all ports are in a double-ring static sealing structure.
3. The material surface insulation and partial discharge characteristic measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the openings of the cavity housing (1) are distributed according to an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is provided with a plurality of pulling ports (2) for installing a barometer and a density relay, the middle layer is provided with an observation window (5) for observing and taking and placing a sample, and the lower layer is provided with an interface window (6) for installing a measurement lead interface, a control lead interface and a gas valve.
4. The material surface insulation and partial discharge characteristic measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the upper electrode plate (8) is made of aluminum alloy, and the high-voltage guide rod (9) has two ports for the cooling oil to enter and exit, so as to be connected with the internal cooling oil path (10).
5. The material surface insulation and partial discharge characteristic measuring device according to claim 1, wherein, in order to prevent corona from occurring at the oil path interface and the electrode end, a voltage-equalizing ring and a voltage-equalizing ball are respectively arranged on the top of the high-voltage guide rod (9); in order to prevent the relative displacement of the upper electrode under the action of gravity, an anti-sinking plate is arranged on the top of the sheath main body (13).
6. The device for measuring the material surface insulation and the partial discharge characteristics as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sheath body (13) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the upper end of the insulating sheath is in contact with an anti-sinking plate of the upper electrode to play a role in supporting and sealing, and a cylindrical groove is arranged in the cavity to prolong the creepage distance and prevent the flashover of the lower surface of the insulating sheath under a strong field.
7. The material surface insulation and partial discharge characteristic measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lower electrode plate (17) is made of an aluminum alloy material.
CN202110539279.0A 2021-05-18 2021-05-18 Material surface insulation and partial discharge characteristic measuring device Active CN113466635B (en)

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