CN113465639A - 一种基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法及系统 - Google Patents
一种基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法及系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法及系统。本发明具有结构设计简单、易于制备集成等优点，并以此实现了对物体的时空变化进行检测。本发明以相干光脉冲为载体载入时空脉冲至设计的光学结构，该光学结构的时空传递函数存在零点，在一定带宽内近似可以对入射时空脉冲进行一阶或者高阶微分运算，同时探测物体在空间上的轮廓与在时间上的变化，即输出光脉冲的强度对应于输入脉冲在时间和空间的变化率，从而可以对物体的运动进行检测。本发明所提供的物体运动检测方法具有超快速、大通量的特点，在机器视觉及图像识别等领域有重要的技术应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光学信息处理领域，具体是一种基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法及系统。
背景技术
随着信息技术的迅猛发展，对信息处理性能的需求正在不断提高。与传统电子器件的信息处理方式相比，光学信息处理技术凭借其超快速、大带宽、大通量、低损耗等优势，已经逐渐发展成为一种重要的信息处理手段。最近光学微分器成为了光学信息处理的热门研究方向之一，其优势在于可以超快速提取图像以及透明相位物体的边界，在神经网络，医学成像等领域有着重要应用。
近年来，利用光学结构实现光学微分器作为新兴的技术手段在不断发展进步，从最初实验实现的利用表面等离激元的进行一阶微分运算到利用自旋霍尔效应在两种不同介质-介质界面或介质-金属界面实现微分运算，器件对精密加工的要求和对波长的限制也越来越小。但现有的光学结构设计受限于光束斜入射的要求，且输入信号局限于连续光，并未利用脉冲光所带来的时间维度拓展新的应用。
目前具有较好普适性的基于光学自旋霍尔效应空间光场微分器通过控制输入光场为p/s偏振的线偏振光，使其斜入射至介质一与介质二的界面或介质与金属的界面上，同时测量透射或反射光场中的s/p偏振部分，此时器件的传递函数在垂直入射面的方向上为线性，从而能够在反射或透射过程中直接得到输入光场的一阶空间微分结果，进而实现对图像的边缘提取处理。该器件并未利用时间维度，对于运动物体的探测研究存在缺失；且该器件对输入光场入射角度的响应要求大于零度，因此在正入射情况下无法正常工作，给器件集成化带来难度。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法及系统，以光脉冲为载体载入时空信息作为输入，增加了时间维度，设计器件结构使传递函数在时空域上具有零点，且该结构在一定带宽内近似可以对入射时空脉冲进行一阶或者高阶微分运算，同时探测物体在空间上的轮廓与在时间上的变化，即输出光脉冲的强度对应于输入脉冲在时间和空间的变化率，从而可以对物体的运动进行检测。本发明提出的物体运动检测方法具备结构设计简单、无入射角度限制、易于实现、易于规模化生产集成等优点。本发明提出的物体运动检测系统包括依次连接的光脉冲信息加载系统、时空微分系统、光脉冲信息接收系统，体现在实际设备过程上仅由脉冲光源，透镜组，器件，光栅以及光束分析仪等基础光学设备构成，器件大小可设计在亚波长量级，因此方便集成于光芯片等具体应用，且器件可在正入射的情况下工作，降低了光路对准的难度。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法，该方法的具体实现步骤如下：
以光脉冲为载体载入时空信息作为输入，设计时空微分器结构，使器件传递函数在时空域上有零点，且该器件在时间和空间方向的传递函数在一定带宽内近似可以对入射时空脉冲进行一阶或者高阶微分运算，同时探测物体在空间上的轮廓与在时间上的变化，即输出光脉冲的强度对应于输入脉冲在时间和空间的变化率，从而可以对物体的运动进行检测。
进一步地，时间上的微分为对脉冲包络的微分。
进一步地，通过改变器件结构参数或材料，该器件可以不在时间上做微分，只对空间的一个或多个方向做微分，从而提取物体在空间上的轮廓。
进一步地，通过改变器件结构参数或材料，该器件可以不对空间分布做微分，只在时间上做微分，从而探测物体在时间上的变化。
进一步地，对于任意中心波长、脉冲宽度、入射角以及偏振的光脉冲，可以通过调节器件的结构参数或材料，使其进行一阶或者高阶微分运算。
进一步地，器件的尺寸可以设计为亚波长量级。
进一步地，对于具有相位与振幅空间分布的光脉冲在时空上的变化均可以被探测。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的系统，该系统包括依次连接的光脉冲信息加载系统、时空微分系统、光脉冲信息接收系统；所述光脉冲信息加载系统以光脉冲为载体载入时空信息作为输入，并将其输入时空微分系统进行处理；所述时空微分系统包含时空微分器件，该器件传递函数在时空域上有零点，且该器件在时间和空间方向的传递函数在一定带宽内近似可以对入射时空脉冲进行一阶或者高阶微分运算；所述光脉冲信息接收系统接收时空微分系统输出的脉冲信号，探测物体在空间上的轮廓与在时间上的变化，即输出光脉冲的强度对应于输入脉冲在时间和空间的变化率，从而实现对物体的运动检测。
进一步地，所述光脉冲信息接收系统包含一对光栅和一面反射镜，用于产生超短脉冲，利用该超短脉冲经过不同延迟后与时空微分系统输出的脉冲信号进行干涉，并使用CCD拍到的干涉图样来重构脉冲的分布。
本发明有益效果如下：本方法中的时空微分器增加了时间维度，因此可以探测物体运动变化的性质，同时该器件可设计为亚波长结构，相比于傅里叶光学结构缩小了几个数量级；且器件角度可设计为正入射，大大降低了器件集成化的难度。在实际应用方面，本发明提出的物体运动检测方法具备结构设计简单、无入射角度限制、尺寸小、易于实现、易于规模化生产集成等优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明整体结构示意图；
图2中(a)、(b)分别为实施例的装置结构图与光学结构的时空微分器的结构示意图；
图3为实施例光学结构的时空微分器的传递函数；
图4为实施例效果图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
如图1所示，为基于光学结构的时空微分器并进行物体运动检测的系统的实施例，包括依次连接的光脉冲信息加载系统、时空微分系统、光脉冲信息接收系统。
所述光脉冲信息加载系统，包括脉冲激光器、空间光调制器、相干成像系统。脉冲激光器输出脉冲激光，并通过偏振片1起偏为线偏振光，其输出端与空间光调制器相连，将空间光调制器控制端所载入的图像信息加载到激光中，产生随时间变化的相位型光场图像。为定量地评估器件检测物体运动的效果，此处空间光调制器的作用为产生已知的随时间变化的相位分布。所述的相干成像系统采用迈克尔逊干涉仪的结构，能够将相位型光场转化为振幅型光场，并且可以实现相位型与振幅型光场之间的任意切换。
所述时空微分系统使用时空微分器件，使其传递函数具有零点，且在一定带宽内近似可以对入射时空脉冲进行一阶或者高阶微分运算，同时探测物体在空间上的轮廓与在时间上的变化，即输出光脉冲的强度对应于输入脉冲在时间和空间的变化率，从而可以对物体的运动进行检测。
所述光脉冲信息接收系统包含一对光栅和一面反射镜，用于产生超短脉冲，利用该超短脉冲经过不同延迟后与时空微分系统输出的脉冲信号进行干涉，并使用CCD拍到的干涉图样来重构脉冲的分布。
如图2(a)所示，为实施例使用硅光栅光学结构的时空微分器装置结构图示。脉冲激光器输出中心波长为1196nm，脉冲宽度约为40ps的脉冲激光，通过准直器输出准直光束。偏振片1用来调控光光场的偏振状态，使其线偏振方向与空间光调制器的液晶面板长轴同向以符合空间光调制器对入射光偏振态的可调制要求，且与器件的工作偏振同向。光场经起偏后经过分束镜1分为两部分，一部分输入至空间光调制器，从而使空间光调制器控制端所输入的运动图像信息加载至激光中，然后通过相干成像系统输出。相干成像系统采用迈克尔逊干涉仪结构，能够控制空间光场信号在相位型和振幅型之间自由切换，将脉冲光场通过由焦距分别为100mm和100mm的双胶合消色差透镜3、4所组成的成像系统，完整地正入射输入至时空微分器件；另一部分直接进入一对光栅和一面反射镜，压缩产生约为90fs超短脉冲，通过调节反射镜的位置使超短脉冲经过不同延迟后与输出脉冲干涉。如图2(b)所示，时空微分系统中的时空微分器件为硅材料构成的周期性结构，一个单元由两根不同长度、宽度的硅柱放置在硅基底上所构成，硅柱的长度分别为388nm与160nm，宽度分别为160nm与432nm。两根硅柱的间距为64nm，硅基底的厚度为20nm，一个单元长度为1000nm，且器件工作的偏振在垂直于纸面的方向(y方向)。脉冲光场在经过器件处理后与超短脉冲进行干涉，并调节反射镜的位置扫描整个脉冲光在不同时间延迟下的光场分布，从而对输出脉冲场进行重构。
如图3所示，为实施例使用硅光栅光学结构的时空微分器的传递函数的仿真计算结果，在脉冲中心频率与正入射位置，器件的传递函数具有孤立零点，在kx与Ω方向基本为线性，满足进行时空一阶微分运算的条件。
如图4所示，为实施例对光场进行时空一阶微分处理实现高亮其在时间、空间域的剧烈变化部分的仿真计算结果。调整输入光脉冲如图4(a)所示，为振幅型图样，相应地出射该器件的图样如图4(b)，对应输入信号的时空微分结果。可以看到，输出脉冲检测到并保留了输入光场中电场变化较大的部分，而消除了变化缓慢的相对均匀部分，即利用时空微分运算高亮其在时间和空间域的剧烈变化部分，从而证明了该方法的可行性。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法，其特征在于，以光脉冲为载体载入时空信息作为输入，设计时空微分器结构，使器件传递函数在时空域上有零点，且该器件在时间和空间方向的传递函数在一定带宽内近似可以对入射时空脉冲进行一阶或者高阶微分运算，同时探测物体在空间上的轮廓与在时间上的变化，即输出光脉冲的强度对应于输入脉冲在时间和空间的变化率，从而可以对物体的运动进行检测。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法，其特征在于，时间上的微分为对脉冲包络的微分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法，其特征在于，通过改变器件结构参数或材料，该器件可以不在时间上做微分，只对空间的一个或多个方向做微分，从而提取物体在空间上的轮廓。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法，其特征在于，通过改变器件结构参数或材料，该器件可以不对空间分布做微分，只在时间上做微分，从而探测物体在时间上的变化。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法，其特征在于，对于任意中心波长、脉冲宽度、入射角以及偏振的光脉冲，可以通过调节器件的结构参数或材料，使其进行一阶或者高阶微分运算。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法，其特征在于，器件的尺寸可以设计为亚波长量级。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的方法，其特征在于，对于具有相位与振幅空间分布的光脉冲在时空上的变化均可以被探测。
8.一种基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的系统，其特征在于，包括依次连接的光脉冲信息加载系统、时空微分系统、光脉冲信息接收系统；所述光脉冲信息加载系统以光脉冲为载体载入时空信息作为输入，并将其输入时空微分系统进行处理；所述时空微分系统包含时空微分器件，该器件传递函数在时空域上有零点，且该器件在时间和空间方向的传递函数在一定带宽内近似可以对入射时空脉冲进行一阶或者高阶微分运算；所述光脉冲信息接收系统接收时空微分系统输出的脉冲信号，探测物体在空间上的轮廓与在时间上的变化，即输出光脉冲的强度对应于输入脉冲在时间和空间的变化率，从而实现对物体的运动检测。
9.根据权利要求8所述的基于光学结构的时空微分器进行物体运动检测的系统，其特征在于，所述光脉冲信息接收系统包含一对光栅和一面反射镜，用于产生超短脉冲，利用该超短脉冲经过不同延迟后与时空微分系统输出的脉冲信号进行干涉，并使用CCD拍到的干涉图样来重构脉冲的分布。
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