CN113464574B - Bearing monitoring device from electricity generation - Google Patents
Bearing monitoring device from electricity generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113464574B CN113464574B CN202110757880.7A CN202110757880A CN113464574B CN 113464574 B CN113464574 B CN 113464574B CN 202110757880 A CN202110757880 A CN 202110757880A CN 113464574 B CN113464574 B CN 113464574B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 8
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
- F16C41/004—Electro-dynamic machines, e.g. motors, generators, actuators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
- F16C41/008—Identification means, e.g. markings, RFID-tags; Data transfer means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
- F16C2202/30—Electric properties; Magnetic properties
- F16C2202/36—Piezoelectric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
- F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a self-powered shafting monitoring device, belonging to the technical field of new energy and monitoring. The inner disk with the inner sensor and the inner circuit board, the outer disk with the outer sensor and the outer circuit board are respectively connected with the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, the outer disk is provided with a large cavity and a small cavity, and the bottom wall of the small cavity is provided with a shaft sleeve with a shaft hole and a transduction cavity; an inner cavity is arranged on the inner disc, a stepped shaft and a transduction cavity which are formed by a thin shaft and a thick shaft are arranged on the bottom wall of the inner cavity, and a limiting hole is formed in the bottom wall of the transduction cavity; the energy conversion cavity is provided with an energy converter, and the energy converter, the cavity ring and the energy converter bottom wall enclose a buffer cavity; the limiter and the magnet are arranged on the coupling piece; the shaft hole of the outer disc is sleeved on the thin shaft of the inner disc, the outer disc and the inner disc rotate relatively to enable the magnets on the inner disc and the outer disc to be alternately close to and separated from each other, and then the transducer is forced to generate reciprocating axial bending deformation and convert mechanical energy into electric energy, the electric energy is supplied to the sensor after being converted, and the sensor obtains relevant system parameters in real time and transmits the system parameters through the transmitting system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing monitoring and new energy, and particularly relates to a self-generating bearing monitoring device which is used for on-line state monitoring of bearings in the fields of wind driven generators, machine tools, vehicles, mining machinery and the like.
Background
Bearings are indispensable conventional parts in the fields of machine tools, carrying tools, mining machinery, light industrial machinery, generators and the like, and are also the most vulnerable parts in a speed change system. Since the bearings operate in a variable speed, variable load environment, failure is likely to occur, with about 30% of gearbox failure being due to bearing failure. In addition, the bearing is difficult and costly to maintain when it fails, resulting in wind power gearboxes that run and maintain up to 30% of the total running cost. Therefore, various types of real-time monitoring systems and methods for the bearing state are proposed, so as to obtain relevant state parameters in real time, discover and solve problems in time, and further reduce the damage degree and maintenance cost of equipment. Currently, bearing monitoring involves many aspects of load, vibration, temperature, noise, etc. The original bearing monitoring system in the gearbox mainly adopts a split externally-hung structure, belongs to non-contact remote indirect measurement, and has the advantages of long distance between a sensor and a signal source and large error.
In recent years, embedded monitoring systems in different forms and miniature power generation devices based on shafting rotation are sequentially proposed, and the problems of system integration, measurement accuracy, autonomous power supply and the like are well solved. The self-powered monitoring system proposed at present mainly utilizes an electromagnetic principle and a piezoelectric principle to generate power, and the disadvantage of electromagnetic power generation is that magnetic interference exists and the power generation capacity is weak at low speed; the disadvantage of piezoelectric power generation is that the end of the piezoelectric vibrator is added with a magnet to realize non-contact excitation, torsional deformation exists in the excitation process of the piezoelectric vibrator, and the reliability and the power generation capacity are low; in addition, the thickness adjustable range of the piezoelectric vibrator in the existing piezoelectric generator is small and even not adjustable, high voltage and low current are output when the thickness is large, the applicability is poor, the allowable bending deformation is small, and the piezoelectric vibrator is easy to damage. Obviously, the prior art has larger limitation in practical application, and various gearbox monitoring systems with self-powered monitoring functions, which are small in size and high in integration level and are particularly suitable for high-temperature environments, are still urgently needed by various industries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-generating bearing monitoring device which mainly comprises an inner disc, an outer disc, an exciter, a baffle plate, a compression ring, a cavity ring, a transducer, an inner circuit board, an outer circuit board, an inner sensor, an outer sensor and the like. The exciter consists of a limiter and a magnet, and the transducer consists of a coupling piece and a transduction piece; the outer disc and the bearing outer ring are arranged on the bearing seat, and the inner disc and the bearing inner ring are arranged on the rotating shaft; the outer disc is sleeved on the inner disc and can rotate relatively, the energy transducers are arranged on the inner disc and the outer disc, the exciter is arranged on the energy transducers, the outer sensor is arranged on the outer disc or the bearing seat, the inner sensor is arranged on the inner disc or the rotating shaft, the inner circuit board is arranged on the inner disc, the outer circuit board is arranged on the outer disc, the energy conversion and control circuit and the signal transmitting system are arranged on the inner circuit board and the outer circuit board, the energy transducers on the inner sensor and the inner disc are connected with the inner circuit board through different wire groups, and the energy transducers on the outer sensor and the outer disc are connected with the outer circuit board through different wire groups.
One side of the outer disc is provided with a flange plate and a stepped cavity formed by a large cavity and a small cavity, the bottom wall of the small cavity is provided with a shaft sleeve with a shaft hole and a group of transduction cavities, the bottom wall of the transduction cavities is provided with limiting holes coaxial with the transduction cavities, the transduction cavities and the limiting holes are uniformly distributed by taking the axis of the shaft sleeve as a symmetrical center, the shaft hole, the outer circle of the shaft sleeve and the large cavity are coaxial, and the end face of the shaft sleeve and the bottom wall of the large cavity are positioned on the same plane.
An inner cavity is arranged on one side of the inner disc, a stepped shaft formed by a thin shaft and a thick shaft and a group of transduction cavities are arranged on the bottom wall of the inner cavity, limiting holes coaxial with the transduction cavities are arranged on the bottom wall of the transduction cavities, and the transduction cavities are uniformly distributed by taking the center of the stepped shaft as a symmetrical center; the stepped shaft is axially provided with a counter bore, the thick shaft is connected with the inner disc, the thin shaft, the thick shaft and the outer circle of the inner disc are coaxial, and the end face of the thick shaft and the end face of the inner cavity are positioned on the same plane.
The limiter consists of a flange and a pin shaft, and the flange is perpendicular to the pin shaft.
The transducer is arranged in the transduction cavities on the inner disc and the outer disc through screws, a compression ring and a cavity ring, the cavity ring is positioned between the bottom wall of the transduction cavity and the transducer, and a limit pad is arranged on the bottom wall of the transduction cavity; the transducer consists of a coupling piece and transduction pieces arranged on one side or two sides of the coupling piece, the coupling piece is a single circular piece, the transduction pieces are single ring pieces or a group of cantilever pieces, the cantilever pieces are rectangular or fan-shaped structures, and the transducer, the cavity ring and the bottom wall of the transduction cavity form a buffer cavity; the limiter and the magnet are arranged on the coupling piece through screws, a pin shaft of the limiter is arranged in the limiting hole, the limiter and the magnet form an exciter, and the transducer and the exciter form a vibration system.
The piezoelectric transduction piece, the friction transduction piece and the piezoelectric-friction transduction piece respectively form a piezoelectric transducer, a friction transducer and a piezoelectric-friction transducer with the coupling piece; the piezoelectric transduction piece is a single-layer piezoelectric piece or a two-layer structure formed by bonding the piezoelectric piece and the electrode piece, the friction transduction piece is a two-layer structure formed by bonding the outer friction piece and the electrode piece, and the piezoelectric-friction transduction piece is a three-layer structure formed by bonding the electrode piece and the two sides of the electrode piece respectively and the outer friction piece; when the transduction piece is a single-layer piezoelectric piece, the single-layer piezoelectric piece is adhered with the coupling piece to form a transducer; when the transduction piece is a friction transduction piece, a piezoelectric-friction transduction piece and a two-layer piezoelectric transduction piece, the multi-layer transduction piece is assembled with the coupling piece to form a transducer, namely the multi-layer transduction piece and the fixed end of the coupling piece are arranged in a crimping way to form the transducer, the coupling piece is not conducted with the electrode piece, namely the coupling piece and the electrode piece are subjected to insulation treatment or an insulation layer is arranged; when the transduction piece is a friction transduction piece and a piezoelectric-friction transduction piece, the coupling piece is provided with an inner friction piece which is arranged opposite to the outer friction piece; the transducer only containing the piezoelectric transduction piece is a piezoelectric transducer, the transducer only containing the friction transduction piece is a friction transducer, and the transducer both containing the piezoelectric-friction transduction piece and the friction transduction piece are piezoelectric-friction transducers.
The piezoelectric plate is made of PZT type wafer or PVDF type film, the electrode plate and the coupling plate are made of copper or beryllium bronze, the outer friction plate is made of material far away from the friction electric sequence of the coupling plate or the inner friction plate adhered on the coupling plate, such as: when the inner friction plate material is polyamide and the coupling plate material is copper, the outer friction plate material is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide.
The outer disc is arranged on the inner disc through a screw and a baffle, a shaft hole of the outer disc is sleeved on a thin shaft of the inner disc and positioned through the baffle, and the baffle is arranged at the end part of the thin shaft through the screw; the outer edge of the inner disc is positioned in the large cavity of the outer disc, the outer disc and the inner disc rotate relatively, and sealing rings are respectively arranged between the shaft hole of the outer disc and the thin shaft of the inner disc and between the outer edge of the inner disc and the cavity wall of the large cavity of the outer disc; the outer circuit board is sleeved on the shaft sleeve of the outer disc and fixed by the screw, and the inner circuit board is sleeved on the thick shaft of the inner disc and fixed by the screw; the outer sensor is arranged on the outer disc or the bearing seat, and the inner sensor is arranged on the inner disc or the rotating shaft; the outer sensor and the transducer on the outer disk are connected with the outer circuit board through different wire groups, and the inner sensor and the transducer on the inner disk are connected with the inner circuit board through different wire groups.
When the outer disc and the inner disc rotate relatively, the transducer and the magnet on the outer disc and the inner disc rotate relatively: when the magnets on the outer disc and the inner disc are gradually close, the magnetic coupling force between the magnets is gradually increased, the magnetic coupling force is attractive force or repulsive force, and the continuously increased magnetic coupling force forces the transducer to generate axial bending deformation in a certain direction; when the magnets on the outer disc and the inner disc continue to rotate and gradually leave, the magnetic coupling force gradually decreases, and the transducer gradually resets under the action of the self elastic force; alternate proximity and separation between the magnets on the outer and inner discs forces the transducer to undergo a reciprocating axial bending deformation during which: the bending deformation and the stress of the piezoelectric sheet are alternately increased and decreased, and the piezoelectric transducer generates electricity; the inner friction plate and the outer friction plate are in reciprocating contact and separation, and the friction transducer generates electricity; the electric energy generated by each transducer is processed by the conversion circuits on the outer circuit board and the inner circuit board and then is supplied to the outer sensor and the inner sensor, and the outer sensor and the inner sensor acquire relevant system parameters in real time and then are transmitted out by the transmitting systems on the outer circuit board and the inner circuit board.
In the invention, the outer disc can be a floating structure formed by the inertia blocks, namely, the outer disc is not connected with the bearing seat, and the outer disc realizes relative rotation with the inner disc by adding the inertia blocks; in this case, in order to reduce the tangential force between the magnets on the inner and outer discs, the number of transducers on the inner and outer discs should be a reciprocal prime number.
In the invention, the gas pressure in the buffer cavity is forced to be alternately increased and decreased in the process of reciprocating axial bending deformation and power generation of the transducer, and the change of the gas volume and the pressure in the buffer cavity increases the vibration damping of the vibration system, and the damping coefficient of the vibration damping system increases along with the decrease of the height of the buffer cavity, so the resonance amplitude and the natural frequency of the vibration system can be adjusted by changing the height of the buffer cavity.
In the invention, in order to avoid resonance in the working area, improve the reliability and widen the effective bandwidth, the vibration system is fixedThe frequency is higher than the excitation frequency, the excitation frequency is the interaction frequency of a certain magnet d and other magnets d in unit time, for a transducer formed by a piezoelectric transduction piece with a two-layer structure, a friction transduction piece and a piezoelectric-friction transduction piece with a three-layer structure, the required natural frequency can be obtained through the thickness design of a coupling piece, and the thickness h of the coupling piece is reasonable as follows:
wherein: m and xi are respectively equivalent mass and equivalent damping ratio, k of the vibration system p For equivalent rigidity of the transduction sheets at two sides of the coupler, N is the relative rotation speed of the outer disc and the inner disc, N is a larger value of the number of magnets on the outer disc and the inner disc, and r p For the radius of the transducer, η is a coefficient related to the radius ratio, which is the ratio of the radius of the magnet to the radius of the transducer.
In the invention, when the transduction piece is a two-layer piezoelectric transduction piece formed by PZT piezoelectric pieces, the transduction piece is positioned in the buffer cavity, the bending deformation of the transducer into the buffer cavity is controlled by the limit pad, and the distance between the limit pad and the flange of the limiter is the allowable deformation of the piezoelectric transduction piece; when the thickness of the piezoelectric sheet is equal to that of the electrode sheet, the allowable bending deformation of the rectangular piezoelectric transduction sheet is
Wherein: h is the thickness of the transduction piece, E m And E is p Young's modulus, T of electrode plate and piezoelectric plate respectively p L is the length of the deformable portion of the piezoelectric transduction piece, and λ is the correction factor.
Advantages and features: the energy is self-contained, the structure of the gearbox is not required to be changed, the overall structure is simple, the volume is small, the integration level and the reliability are high, no electromagnetic interference is generated, and the high temperature resistance is realized; the device is arranged at the shaft end, is convenient to install, and synchronously monitors the inner ring and the outer ring; the natural frequency of the transducer and the damping of the system are designed according to the requirement, the effective frequency bandwidth is wide, and obvious resonance is avoided; the two power generation principles are combined, and the formed transducer has high energy volume density and high reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a monitoring device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an outer disc according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of an inner disc according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a left side view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a transducer in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a right side view of FIG. 7 with a ring transducer;
fig. 9 is a right side view of fig. 7 with a fan-shaped transducer plate.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a self-generating bearing monitoring device which mainly comprises an outer disc a, an inner disc b, an exciter G, a baffle e, a compression ring G, a cavity ring h, a transducer I, an outer circuit board p1, an inner circuit board p2, an outer sensor s1, an inner sensor s2 and the like. The exciter G consists of a limiter c and a magnet d, and the transducer I consists of a coupling piece k and a transduction piece I; the outer disc a and the outer ring of the bearing x are arranged on the bearing seat y, and the inner disc b and the inner ring of the bearing x are arranged on the rotating shaft z; the outer disk a is sleeved on the inner disk b and can rotate relatively, the outer disk a and the inner disk b are both provided with a transducer I, an exciter G is arranged on the transducer I, an outer sensor s1 is arranged on the outer disk a or a bearing seat y, and an inner sensor s2 is arranged on the inner disk b or a rotating shaft z; the outer circuit board p1 is arranged on the outer disc a, the inner circuit board p2 is arranged on the inner disc b, the outer circuit board p1 and the inner circuit board p2 are both provided with an energy conversion and control circuit and a signal emission system, the outer sensor s1 and the transducer I on the outer disc a are connected with the outer circuit board p1 through different wire groups, and the inner sensor s2 and the transducer I on the inner disc b are connected with the inner circuit board p2 through different wire groups.
One side of the outer disc a is provided with a flange disc a1 and a stepped cavity formed by a large cavity a2 and a small cavity a3, the bottom wall of the small cavity a3 is provided with a shaft sleeve a4 with a shaft hole a5 and a group of energy conversion cavities q1, the bottom wall of the energy conversion cavity q1 is provided with limiting holes q2 coaxial with the energy conversion cavities q1, the energy conversion cavities q1 and the limiting holes q2 are uniformly distributed by taking the axis of the shaft sleeve a4 as a symmetrical center, the shaft hole a5, the excircle of the shaft sleeve a4 and the large cavity a2 are coaxial, and the end face of the shaft sleeve a4 and the bottom wall of the large cavity a2 are positioned on the same plane.
An inner cavity b3 is arranged on one side of the inner disc b, a stepped shaft formed by a thin shaft b4 and a thick shaft b41 and a group of transduction cavities q1 are arranged on the bottom wall of the inner cavity b3, limiting holes q2 coaxial with the transduction cavities q1 are arranged on the bottom wall of the transduction cavities q1, and the transduction cavities q1 are uniformly distributed by taking the center of the stepped shaft as a symmetrical center; the stepped shaft is axially provided with a counter bore b5, the thick shaft b41 is connected with the inner disc b, the thin shaft b4, the thick shaft b41 and the outer circle of the inner disc b are coaxial, and the end face of the thick shaft b41 and the end face of the inner cavity b3 are positioned on the same plane.
The limiter c is composed of a flange c1 and a pin shaft c2, and the flange c1 is perpendicular to the pin shaft c 2.
The transducer I and the cavity ring h are arranged in the transduction cavity q1 on the outer disk a and the inner disk b through screws and a compression ring g, the cavity ring h is positioned between the bottom wall of the transduction cavity q1 and the transducer I, and a limit pad m is arranged on the bottom wall of the transduction cavity q 1; the transducer I consists of a coupling sheet k and a transduction sheet I arranged on one side or two sides of the coupling sheet k, wherein the coupling sheet k is a single round sheet, the transduction sheet I is a single ring sheet or a group of cantilever sheets, the cantilever sheets are of rectangular or fan-shaped structures, and the bottom walls of the transducer I, the cavity ring h and the transduction cavity q1 form a buffer cavity C; the limiter c and the magnet d are arranged at the center of the coupling piece k through a screw, a pin shaft c2 of the limiter c is arranged in the limiting hole q2, the limiter c and the magnet d form an exciter G, and the transducer I and the exciter G form a vibration system S.
The transduction piece i is a piezoelectric transduction piece, a friction transduction piece or a piezoelectric-friction transduction piece, and the piezoelectric transduction piece, the friction transduction piece and the piezoelectric-friction transduction piece respectively form a piezoelectric transducer, a friction transducer and a piezoelectric-friction transducer with the coupling piece k; the piezoelectric transduction piece is a single-layer piezoelectric piece or a two-layer structure formed by bonding the piezoelectric piece and the electrode piece, the friction transduction piece is a two-layer structure formed by bonding the outer friction piece and the electrode piece, and the piezoelectric-friction transduction piece is a three-layer structure formed by bonding the electrode piece and the two sides of the electrode piece respectively and the outer friction piece; when the transduction piece I is a single-layer piezoelectric piece, the transduction piece I is bonded with the coupling piece k to form a transducer I; when the transduction piece I is a friction transduction piece, a piezoelectric-friction transduction piece and a two-layer piezoelectric transduction piece, the multi-layer transduction piece I is assembled with the coupling piece k to form a transducer I, namely the multi-layer transduction piece I and the fixed end of the coupling piece k are arranged in a crimping way to form the transducer I, the coupling piece k and the electrode piece are not conducted, namely the coupling piece k and the electrode piece are subjected to insulation treatment or an insulation layer is arranged; when the transduction piece i is a friction transduction piece and a piezoelectric-friction transduction piece, the coupling piece k is provided with an inner friction piece which is arranged opposite to the outer friction piece; the transducer I only containing the piezoelectric transduction piece is a piezoelectric transducer, the transducer I only containing the friction transduction piece is a friction transducer, and the transducer I containing the piezoelectric-friction transduction piece or both the piezoelectric transduction piece and the friction transduction piece is a piezoelectric-friction transducer.
The piezoelectric plate is made of PZT type wafer or PVDF type film, the electrode plate and the coupling plate k are made of copper or beryllium bronze, the outer friction plate is made of material which is far away from the friction electric sequence of the coupling plate k or the inner friction plate adhered on the coupling plate k, such as: when the material of the inner friction plate is polyamide and the material of the coupling plate k is copper, the material of the outer friction plate is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide.
The outer disc a is arranged on the inner disc b through a screw and a baffle e, a shaft hole a5 of the outer disc a is sleeved on a thin shaft b4 of the inner disc b and positioned through the baffle e, the baffle e is arranged at the end part of the thin shaft b4 through the screw, the outer edge of the inner disc b is positioned in a large cavity a2 of the outer disc a, the outer disc a and the inner disc b rotate relatively, and sealing rings are respectively arranged between the shaft hole a5 of the outer disc a and the thin shaft b4 of the inner disc b and between the outer edge of the inner disc b and the cavity wall of the large cavity a2 of the outer disc a; the outer circuit board p1 is sleeved on the shaft sleeve a4 of the outer disc a and is fixed by a screw, and the inner circuit board p2 is sleeved on the thick shaft b41 of the inner disc b and is fixed by a screw; the outer sensor s1 is arranged on the outer disc a or the bearing seat y, and the inner sensor s2 is arranged on the inner disc b or the rotating shaft z; the outer sensor s1 and the transducer I on the outer disk a are connected with the outer circuit board p1 through different wire sets, and the inner sensor s2 and the transducer I on the inner disk b are connected with the inner circuit board p2 through different wire sets.
When the outer disk a and the inner disk b rotate relatively, the transducer I and the magnet d on the outer disk a and the inner disk b rotate relatively: when the magnets d on the outer disk a and the inner disk b are gradually close, the magnetic coupling force between the magnets d is gradually increased, the magnetic coupling force is attractive force or repulsive force, and the continuously increased magnetic coupling force forces the transducer I to generate axial bending deformation in a certain direction; when the magnets d on the outer disk a and the inner disk b continue to rotate and gradually leave, the magnetic coupling force gradually decreases, and the transducer I gradually resets under the action of the self elastic force; alternate proximity and separation between magnets d on outer disk a and inner disk b forces the transducer I to undergo a reciprocating axial bending deformation during which: the bending deformation and the stress of the piezoelectric sheet are alternately increased and decreased, and the piezoelectric transducer generates electricity; the inner friction plate and the outer friction plate are in reciprocating contact and separation, and the friction transducer generates electricity; the electric energy generated by each transducer is processed by the conversion circuits on the outer circuit board p1 and the inner circuit board p2 and then is supplied to the outer sensor s1 and the inner sensor s2, and the outer sensor s1 and the inner sensor s2 acquire relevant system parameters in real time and then are transmitted out by the transmitting system on the outer circuit board p1 and the inner circuit board p 2.
In the invention, the outer disk a can be a floating structure formed by an inertia block, namely, the outer disk a is not connected with a bearing seat, and the outer disk a realizes relative rotation with the inner disk by adding the inertia block; in this case, the number of transducers I on the inner disk b and the outer disk a should be made to be a prime number to each other in order to reduce the tangential force between the magnets d on the inner disk b and the outer disk a.
In the invention, the gas pressure in the buffer cavity C is forced to be alternately increased and decreased in the process of reciprocating axial bending deformation and power generation of the transducer I, the vibration damping of the vibration system S is increased by the change of the gas volume and the pressure in the buffer cavity C, and the damping coefficient of the vibration system S is increased along with the decrease of the height of the buffer cavity C, so that the resonance amplitude and the natural frequency of the vibration system S can be adjusted by changing the height of the buffer cavity C.
In the invention, in order to avoid resonance in the working area, improve the reliability and widen the effective bandwidth, the natural frequency of the vibration system S is higher than the excitation frequency, the excitation frequency is the interaction frequency of a certain magnet d and other magnets d in unit time, for the transducer I formed by a piezoelectric transduction piece with a two-layer structure, a friction transduction piece and a piezoelectric-friction transduction piece with a three-layer structure, the required natural frequency can be obtained through the thickness design of a coupling piece k, and the thickness h of the coupling piece k is reasonable:
wherein: m and xi are respectively equivalent mass and equivalent damping ratio, k of the vibration system S p For equivalent rigidity of the transduction plates i at two sides of the coupler k, N is the relative rotation speed of the outer disc a and the inner disc b, N is a larger value of the number of the magnets d on the outer disc a and the inner disc b, and r p For the radius of the transducer I, eta is a coefficient related to the radius ratio of the radius r of the magnet d to the radius r of the transducer I p Ratio of the two components.
In the invention, when the transduction piece I is a two-layer piezoelectric transduction piece formed by PZT piezoelectric pieces, the transduction piece I is positioned in the buffer cavity C, the bending deformation of the transducer I into the buffer cavity C is controlled by the limit pad m, and the distance between the limit pad m and the flange C1 of the limiter C is the allowable deformation of the piezoelectric transduction piece; when the thickness of the piezoelectric sheet is equal to that of the electrode sheet, the allowable bending deformation of the rectangular piezoelectric transduction sheet is
Wherein: h is the thickness of the transduction piece i, E m And E is p Young's modulus, T of electrode plate and piezoelectric plate respectively p L is the length of the deformable portion of the piezoelectric transduction piece, and λ is the correction factor. />
Claims (3)
1. The self-powered shafting monitoring device comprises an inner disc, an outer disc, an exciter, a cavity ring, a transducer, an inner circuit board, an outer circuit board, an inner sensor, an outer sensor and the like, wherein the outer sensor and the outer circuit board are arranged on the outer disc, the inner sensor and the inner circuit board are arranged on the inner disc, the inner disc and the outer disc are respectively connected with an inner ring and an outer ring of a bearing, and each circuit board is provided with an energy conversion and control circuit and a transmitting system; the method is characterized in that: the outer disc is provided with a step cavity formed by a large cavity and a small cavity, and the bottom wall of the small cavity is provided with a shaft sleeve with a shaft hole and a group of transduction cavities; an inner cavity is formed in the inner disc, a stepped shaft formed by a thin shaft and a thick shaft and a group of transduction cavities are formed in the bottom wall of the inner cavity, the thick shaft is connected with the inner disc, and a limiting hole is formed in the bottom wall of the transduction cavity; transduction intracavity warp compressionThe ring and the cavity ring are provided with transducers, and the number of the transducers on the inner disk and the outer disk is a prime number; the transducer consists of a coupling piece and a transduction piece arranged on one side or two sides of the coupling piece, and a buffer cavity is formed by the transducer, a cavity ring and the bottom wall of the transducer; the coupling sheet is a single circular sheet, the transduction sheet is a single ring sheet or a group of cantilever beam sheets, and the transduction sheet is a piezoelectric transduction sheet, a friction transduction sheet and a piezoelectric-friction transduction sheet; an exciter consisting of a limiter and a magnet is arranged on the coupling piece, and a pin shaft of the limiter is arranged in the limiting hole; the natural frequency of the vibration system formed by the transducer and the exciter is higher than the exciting frequency, the resonance amplitude and the natural frequency of the vibration system are adjusted by the height of the buffer cavity and the thickness of the coupling sheet, and the thickness h of the coupling sheet is
Wherein:
m and xi are respectively equivalent mass and equivalent damping ratio, k of the vibration system p For equivalent rigidity of the transduction sheets at two sides of the coupler, N is the relative rotation speed of the outer disc and the inner disc, N is a larger value of the number of magnets on the outer disc and the inner disc, and r p For the radius of the transducer, eta is a coefficient related to the radius ratio, and the radius ratio refers to the ratio of the radius of the magnet to the radius of the transducer; the shaft hole of the outer disc is sleeved on the thin shaft of the inner disc, the outer disc and the inner disc rotate relatively to enable the magnets on the outer disc and the inner disc to be alternately close to and separated from each other, so that the transducer is forced to generate reciprocating axial bending deformation and convert mechanical energy into electric energy, the electric energy is supplied to the outer sensor and the inner sensor after being converted, and each sensor obtains relevant system parameters in real time and transmits the relevant system parameters through the transmitting system.
2. A self-powered shafting monitoring device in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric transduction piece is a single-layer piezoelectric piece or a two-layer structure formed by bonding the piezoelectric piece and the electrode piece, the friction transduction piece is a two-layer structure formed by bonding the outer friction piece and the electrode piece, and the piezoelectric-friction transduction piece is a three-layer structure formed by bonding the electrode piece and the two sides of the electrode piece respectively and the outer friction piece; the single-layer piezoelectric sheet is adhered with the coupling sheet to form a transducer, and the multi-layer transduction sheet is assembled with the coupling sheet to form the transducer; the transduction piece is a friction transduction piece and an inner friction piece is arranged on the coupling piece when the transduction piece is a piezoelectric-friction transduction piece, and the inner friction piece and the outer friction piece are arranged oppositely.
3. A self-powered shafting monitoring device in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the outer disc is not connected with the bearing seat, and the outer disc realizes relative rotation with the inner disc by adding a mass block.
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| SU1658311A1 (en) * | 1989-07-17 | 1991-06-23 | Казанский Авиационный Институт Им.А.Н.Туполева | Vibrating drive |
| CN202721625U (en) * | 2012-09-01 | 2013-02-06 | 浙江师范大学 | Piezoelectric power generation apparatus used for supplying electric power for track vehicle bearing monitoring system |
| CN102801357B (en) * | 2012-09-01 | 2015-04-29 | 浙江师范大学 | Piezoelectric power-generation device for supplying power for rail vehicle bearing monitoring system |
| CN103982540B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2017-01-11 | 浙江师范大学 | High-speed ball bearing with integrated monitoring device |
| CN103982541B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2017-01-11 | 浙江师范大学 | Large-scale high-speed conical roller bearing with automatic power supply monitoring for electric power facility |
| CN103994144B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-02-17 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of High-Speed Cylindrical Roller Bearing with self power generation monitoring device |
| CN203859707U (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-10-01 | 浙江师范大学 | Cylinder roller bearing provided with self-monitoring assembly |
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