CN113464343A - Power generation method for high-water-head large-capacity vertical shaft series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine - Google Patents

Power generation method for high-water-head large-capacity vertical shaft series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113464343A
CN113464343A CN202110610993.4A CN202110610993A CN113464343A CN 113464343 A CN113464343 A CN 113464343A CN 202110610993 A CN202110610993 A CN 202110610993A CN 113464343 A CN113464343 A CN 113464343A
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flow
water
mixed
runner
stage
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梁波
何峰
郑涛平
桂绍波
胡定辉
李玲
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Changjiang Institute of Survey Planning Design and Research Co Ltd
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Changjiang Institute of Survey Planning Design and Research Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/02—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side of rotors, e.g. Francis turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16—Stators
    • F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • F03B3/183—Adjustable vanes, e.g. wicket gates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a power generation method for a vertical shaft series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine with high water head and large capacity. It comprises the following steps: the water flow enters the first-stage mixed-flow runner, 1/N water head is absorbed, and the main shaft is driven to rotate through the rotation of the first-stage mixed-flow runner; the water flow flowing through the first-stage mixed-flow runner distributes a 1/N water head through a water distribution runner in the single common runner, enters the second-stage mixed-flow runner coaxial with the first-stage mixed-flow runner, absorbs the 1/N water head, and drives the main shaft to rotate through the rotation of the second-stage mixed-flow runner; by analogy, … … to level N; n is the number of stages of the vertical shaft series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine and is more than or equal to 2; in addition, the mixed-flow rotating wheels at all stages have the same specification and size and are coaxial and at the same speed. The method realizes the equal-proportion distribution and consumption of water energy with high water head and large flow according to the series, thereby improving the stability of the mixed flow water turbine in generating under the condition of high water head.

Description

Power generation method for high-water-head large-capacity vertical shaft series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydroelectric power generation, in particular to a power generation method for a vertical shaft series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine with high water head and large capacity.
Background
Existing hydroelectric turbines include impulse turbines and francis turbines. The impulse turbine is suitable for high water head conditions, particularly more than 700m water head, but the impulse turbine has the following disadvantages: firstly, as the rotating wheel of the impulse turbine is exposed out of the water surface and works under the atmospheric pressure, the jet velocity of a nozzle and the rotating speed of a bucket rotating wheel are high, the single machine capacity of the impulse turbine is limited by the material of the rotating wheel, and the maximum single machine capacity of the existing impulse turbine is 423 MW; secondly, when the water head is higher than 700m and the silt content of the river is large, the silt abrasion problem of the impulse turbine is serious, and the equipment maintenance period and the service life are greatly shortened.
The mixed-flow water turbine works in an underwater runner completely, has lower rotating speed and larger single machine capacity, and the maximum single machine capacity can reach 1000MW at present; in addition, compared with an impulse type water turbine, the mixed flow type water turbine has higher efficiency and better silt resistance. The mixed-flow water turbine in the prior art comprises a main shaft, a generator, a guide bearing, a thrust bearing and a single-stage mixed-flow water turbine, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the main shaft are respectively erected on the guide bearing and the thrust bearing; the water inlet pipe is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of pressure steel pipes through flanges, the pressure steel pipe at the tail end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the volute, a top cover is arranged on the upper side inside the volute, an annular bottom ring is arranged on the lower side inside the volute, a guide vane mechanism penetrates through the top cover, a guide vane is arranged at one end of the guide vane mechanism, the guide vane is located in an upper cavity formed by the top cover and the annular bottom ring, and the guide vane mechanism controls the opening and closing of the guide vane so as to control the flow of water entering the rotating wheel; the rotating wheel is arranged in a rotating wheel cavity formed by the lower side in the annular bottom ring, one end of the rotating wheel cavity is communicated with the upper cavity, and the other end of the rotating wheel cavity is connected with a tail water pipe serving as a water outlet; the generator is arranged at the upper part of the water turbine and is connected with the lower water turbine rotating wheel through a main shaft, the middle section of the main shaft is connected with the rotating wheel, and the rotating wheel rotates to drive the generator to generate electricity; when the mixed-flow water turbine operates, an axial thrust along the direction of the main shaft can be generated in the rotating process of the rotating wheel, and the thrust bearing bears all thrust loads generated by the water turbine. With the increase of a water head, particularly when the water head exceeds 600m, the operation stable area of the single-stage mixed-flow water turbine is greatly reduced due to the problem of hydraulic stability, so that the requirement of runner blades on strength is sharply increased. As a key part of the water turbine, the runner blade has high rigidity and strength requirements, so that the manufacturing difficulty is increased sharply, and the reasonable type selection and manufacturing are difficult or even impossible.
The development head of river water in western regions of China is as high as 800-1000 m under the development condition, and the single machine capacity needs to reach 500-1000 MW due to the narrow river channel and the limited arrangement space of power stations and plants. The former high water head index in the river water energy development conditions in western regions of China greatly breaks through the water head of the existing mixed flow water turbine, and the latter high capacity index greatly breaks through the single machine capacity of the existing impulse water turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the power generation stability of a mixed-flow water turbine under the conditions of high water head and large capacity, and provides a power generation method for a vertical shaft series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine with high water head and large flow.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention develops a power generation method for a vertical shaft series-connection mixed-flow water turbine with high water head and large flow, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), water flow enters a primary mixed-flow runner, 1/N water head is absorbed, and a main shaft is driven to rotate through the rotation of the primary mixed-flow runner;
step 2), distributing a 1/N water head by the water flow flowing through the primary mixed-flow runner through a water distribution runner in the single common runner, keeping the water flow rotating in the circumferential direction, entering a secondary mixed-flow runner coaxial with the primary mixed-flow runner, absorbing the 1/N water head, and driving the main shaft to rotate by the rotation of the secondary mixed-flow runner;
step 3), distributing a 1/N water head by the water flow flowing through the secondary mixed-flow runner through a water distribution runner in the single common runner, keeping the water flow rotating in the circumferential direction, entering a tertiary mixed-flow runner coaxial with the secondary mixed-flow runner, absorbing the 1/N water head, and driving the main shaft to rotate through the rotation of the tertiary mixed-flow runner;
step 4), and so on, … … to N level;
n is the number of stages of the vertical shaft series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine and is more than or equal to 2; in addition, the mixed-flow rotating wheels at all stages have the same specification and size and are coaxial and at the same speed.
Further, in the step 1), before the water flow enters the primary mixed-flow runner, the primary water flow is adjusted through a primary water guide mechanism arranged at the inlet of the primary mixed-flow runner; in the step 2), before the water flow enters the secondary mixed-flow runner, the secondary water flow is adjusted through a secondary water guide mechanism arranged at the inlet of the secondary mixed-flow runner; in the step 3), before the water flow enters the third-stage mixed-flow runner, the size of the third-stage water flow is adjusted through a third-stage water guide mechanism arranged at the inlet of the third-stage mixed-flow runner; in the step 4), before the water flow enters the N-stage mixed-flow runner, the water flow of the N-stage is adjusted through an N-stage water distributor arranged at the inlet of the N-stage mixed-flow runner.
Further, in step 1), before the water flow passes through the primary water distributor, the water flow is guided to flow along the circumferential direction by a volute arranged at an inlet of the primary water distributor and is accelerated to generate rotating water flow, so that the kinetic energy of the liquid is converted into static pressure energy.
Furthermore, the water flow is high water head and large flow, the height of the water head is more than 600m, and the flow of the water flow is more than 70m3/s。
Furthermore, the vertical shaft serial-type mixed flow water turbine for the high water head and the large capacity comprises a main shaft, the upper end of the main shaft penetrates through the generator and provides power for the generator, the main shaft is erected on N guide bearings and thrust bearings, the middle part of the main shaft is connected with a serial-type mixed flow water turbine for driving the main shaft to rotate, the serial-type mixed flow water turbine comprises N stages of mixed flow rotating wheels which are axially arranged, each stage of mixed flow rotating wheel is connected with the main shaft, and cavities of every two adjacent stages of rotating wheels are connected in series through the water diversion channels, so that a single common flow channel is formed; water flow sequentially passes through the N-stage mixed-flow rotating wheels connected in series in the single common flow channel, and high water heads are distributed and absorbed according to series equal proportion.
Furthermore, the water distribution channel is a transverse U-shaped pressure steel pipe which is arranged around the main shaft and symmetrically arranged along the axial section.
Furthermore, a first-stage guide vane with an adjustable inclination angle is arranged at the inlet of the first-stage mixed-flow runner, is positioned in an upper cavity between the volute and the cavity of the first-stage runner, and adjusts the water flow of the first-stage guide vane through a first-stage water distributor; a second-stage guide vane with an adjustable inclination angle is arranged at the inlet of the second-stage mixed-flow runner, is positioned in a water distribution channel corresponding to the second-stage mixed-flow runner, and regulates the flow of water flow through a second-stage water distributor; a third-stage guide vane with an adjustable inclination angle is arranged at the inlet of the third-stage mixed-flow runner, is positioned in a water distribution channel corresponding to the third-stage mixed-flow runner, and regulates the water flow through a third-stage water distributor; so.
Furthermore, the primary water distributor comprises a primary support arm which is arranged outside the upper cavity and connected with the primary guide vane, the other end of the primary support arm is connected with a primary control ring, and the primary control ring controls the opening and the closing of the primary guide vane through a primary servomotor connected with the primary control ring; the secondary water distributor comprises a secondary support arm which is arranged at the outer side of the corresponding water distribution channel and connected with the secondary guide vane, the other end of the secondary support arm is connected with a secondary control ring, and the opening and the closing of the secondary guide vane are controlled by the secondary control ring through a secondary servomotor connected with the secondary control ring; the three-level water distributor comprises three-level support arms which are arranged at the outer sides of the corresponding water distribution channels and connected with the three-level guide vanes, the other ends of the three-level support arms are connected with three-level control rings, and the three-level control rings control the opening and the closing of the three-level guide vanes through three-level relays connected with the three-level support arms; so.
Furthermore, the primary support arm, the primary control ring and the primary servomotor are all arranged on the upper side of the upper cavity; the secondary support arm, the secondary control ring and the secondary servomotor) are all arranged at the lower side of the water distribution channel corresponding to the secondary water distributor; the three-stage support arm, the three-stage control ring and the three-stage servomotor are all arranged on the lower side of the water distribution channel corresponding to the three-stage water distributor; the operation is repeated until N levels, so that the installation, the disassembly and the maintenance of each level of water guide mechanism and each level of mixed flow runner are convenient.
Furthermore, the serial mixed-flow water turbine further comprises a water inlet pipe connected with the volute and a seat ring connected with the mixed-flow rotating wheel at the last stage, and the other end of the seat ring is connected with the elbow type draft tube.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. each level of water distribution flow passage in the single common flow passage can automatically distribute 1/N water head.
2. The series coaxial N-stage mixed-flow rotating wheels respectively absorb respective 1/N water heads, and jointly drive the main shaft to rotate so as to convert the main shaft into electric energy.
The power generation method for the vertical shaft serial mixed-flow water turbine with high water head and large flow, disclosed by the invention, realizes the equal proportion distribution and consumption of water energy with high water head and large flow according to the number of stages on the one hand, and improves the power generation stability of the mixed-flow water turbine under the condition of high water head.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic axial sectional structure diagram of a tandem type two-stage mixed-flow water turbine used in a power generation method of a vertical shaft tandem type mixed-flow water turbine with high water head and large flow rate, which is provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic axial sectional view of a tandem type three-stage mixed-flow water turbine used in a power generation method of a vertical shaft tandem type mixed-flow water turbine with high water head and large flow rate according to the present invention;
in the figure: the water turbine comprises a generator 1, a main shaft 2, a guide bearing 3, a thrust bearing 4, a series-connection mixed-flow water turbine 5, a mixed-flow runner 5-1, a water distribution channel 5-2, a primary water distributor 5-3, a secondary water distributor 5-4, a tertiary water distributor 5-5, a volute 5-6, a runner cavity 5-7, an upper cavity 5-8, a seat ring 5-9, a tail water pipe 5-10 and a water inlet pipe 5-11;
wherein: the primary water distributor 5-3 includes: a primary guide vane 5-3-1, a primary support arm 5-3-2, a primary control ring 5-3-3, and a primary servomotor 5-3-4;
the secondary water distributor 5-4 includes: 5-4-1 of a secondary guide vane, 5-4-2 of a secondary support arm, 5-4-3 of a secondary control ring and 5-4-4 of a secondary servomotor;
the tertiary water distributor 5-5 includes: 5-5-1 of a third-stage guide vane, 5-5-2 of a third-stage support arm, 5-5-3 of a third-stage control ring and 5-5-4 of a third-stage servomotor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the tandem type (two-stage) francis turbine in the power generation method of the vertical shaft tandem type francis turbine for high water head and large flow rate, which is described in this embodiment, has a single machine capacity of 800MW, is used for developing a water head of 900m, and the power generation steps are as follows:
step 1), 900m water head and about 95m flow3The water flow enters a volute 5-6 through a water inlet pipe 5-11, the volute 5-6 plays a role in guiding the water body to flow along the circumferential direction, and the water flow is accelerated to generate rotating water flow, so that the kinetic energy of the liquid is converted into static pressure energy; when water flow passes through a first-stage guide vane 5-3-1 in a first-stage water distributor 5-3, the first-stage water distributor 5-3 adjusts the inclination angle of the first-stage guide vane 5-3-1 to adjust the size of first-stage water flow; the water flow passing through the first-stage guide vane 5-3-1 enters the first-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1, static pressure energy 1/2 is converted into kinetic energy of the first-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1, and the main shaft 2 is driven to rotate through the rotation of the first-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1.
Step 2) the water flow flowing through the primary mixed-flow runner 5-1 is kept to rotate in the circumferential direction through the water diversion runner 5-2 in the single common runner and then flows to a secondary guide vane 5-4-1 in a secondary water distributor 5-4, and the secondary water distributor 5-4 adjusts the size of the secondary water flow by adjusting the inclination angle of the secondary guide vane 5-4-1; the water flow passing through the secondary guide vane 5-4-1 enters the secondary mixed-flow runner 5-1 which is coaxial with the primary mixed-flow runner 5-1, the residual 1/2 static pressure energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the secondary mixed-flow runner 5-1, and the main shaft 2 is driven to rotate through the rotation of the secondary mixed-flow runner 5-1.
Because the two-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1 adopts the completely same specification and size, for example, under the condition of the same blade shape and runner diameter 5m, the two-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1 has the same rotating speed, for example, 400r/min, under the condition of coaxial, the two-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1 is in the completely same working state of overcoming the power generation resistance, and has the same hydraulic drive and hydraulic working, for example, a hydraulic turbine 405 MW/single stage, the efficiency loss of the hydraulic turbine is considered, the power of the generator is 800MW, and thus the water consumption heads of 50% under the two-stage condition, namely the water consumption heads of 450m for each stage of mixed-flow runner 5-1, are realized. The two-stage mixed-flow rotating wheel 5-1 jointly drives the main shaft 2 to rotate, and drives the generator 1 to generate electricity.
The vertical shaft series type mixed flow water turbine used for the high water head and the large capacity comprises a main shaft 2, the upper end of the main shaft penetrates through a generator 1 and provides power for the generator, the main shaft 2 is erected on two guide bearings 3 and a thrust bearing 4, and the two guide bearings 3 are evenly distributed along the main shaft 2. The middle of the main shaft 2 is connected with a serial-type (two-stage) mixed-flow water turbine 5 for driving the main shaft 2 to rotate, the serial-type (two-stage) mixed-flow water turbine 5 comprises two stages of mixed-flow rotating wheels 5-1 which are axially arranged, each stage of the mixed-flow rotating wheels 5-1 is connected with the main shaft 2, and adjacent rotating wheel cavities 5-7 of each stage are connected in series through water distributing channels 5-2 capable of generating circumferential rotating water flow, so that a single common flow channel is formed. The water distribution channel 5-2 is a transverse U-shaped pressure steel pipe which is arranged around the main shaft 2 and symmetrically arranged along the axial section, and the pressure steel pipe can generate circumferential rotating water flow, automatically realize 50% distribution of a water head and reduce the water head loss to the minimum. Water flow sequentially passes through the two stages of mixed-flow rotating wheels 5-1 connected in series in the single common flow channel, high water heads are distributed and consumed according to 50%, and the water heads are consumed by 450m by each stage of mixed-flow rotating wheel 5-1.
The primary guide vane 5-3-1 is positioned in an upper cavity 5-8 between a volute 5-6 and a primary runner cavity 5-7, the primary water distributor 5-3 comprises a primary support arm 5-3-2 which is arranged on the outer side of the upper cavity 5-8 and connected with the primary guide vane 5-3-1, the other end of the primary support arm 5-3-2 is connected with a primary control ring 5-3-3, and the primary control ring 5-3-3 controls the opening and closing of the primary guide vane 5-3-1 through a primary servomotor 5-3-4 connected with the primary control ring 5-3-3.
The secondary guide vane 5-4-1 is positioned in a water distribution channel 5-2 corresponding to the secondary mixed-flow runner 5-1, the secondary water distributor 5-4 comprises a secondary support arm 5-4-2 which is arranged at the outer side of the corresponding water distribution channel 5-2 and connected with the secondary guide vane 5-4-1, the other end of the secondary support arm 5-4-2 is connected with a secondary control ring 5-4-3, and the secondary control ring 5-4-3 controls the opening and the closing of the secondary guide vane 5-4-1 through a secondary servomotor 5-4-4 connected with the secondary support arm.
In addition, in order to facilitate the installation, disassembly and maintenance of the water distributors at all levels and the mixed-flow runners at all levels, an incompletely symmetrical water distributor arrangement mode is adopted, namely the first-level support arm 5-3-2, the first-level control ring 5-3-3 and the first-level servomotor 5-3-4 are all arranged on the upper side of the upper cavity 5-8; the secondary support arm 5-4-2, the secondary control ring 5-4-3 and the secondary servomotor 5-4-4 are all arranged at the lower side of the water distribution channel 5-2 corresponding to the secondary water distributor 5-4;
the tandem type (two-stage) mixed flow water turbine 5 also comprises a water inlet pipe 5-11 connected with a volute 5-6 and a seat ring 5-9 connected with the mixed flow runner 5-1 at the last stage. The water inlet pipe 5-11 is used as a water inlet, and the other end of the seat ring 5-9 is connected with the elbow type draft tube 5-10 which is used as a water outlet.
The thrust bearing 4 is positioned at the bottom end of the main shaft 2 and is used for bearing and transmitting the axial water thrust of each stage of mixed-flow runner 5-1 and is used for dismounting each stage of mixed-flow runner 5-1 along the upper and lower directions.
In the operation process, the water flow has no acute angle along the whole flow passage track line formed by the water inlet pipe 5-11, the volute 5-6, the single common flow passage, the seat ring 5-9 and the draft pipe 5-10, and the whole flow passage has no counter-current flow and no integral or local flow-shedding phenomenon.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, the tandem type (three-stage) francis turbine in the power generation method of the vertical shaft tandem type francis turbine for high water head and large flow rate, which is described in this embodiment, has a single machine capacity of 1000MW, is used for developing a water head of 1000m, and the power generation steps are as follows:
step 1)1000m water head and about 108m flow3The water flow of/s enters a volute 5-6 through a water inlet pipe 5-11, the volute 5-6 plays a role in guiding the water body to flow along the circumferential direction, and the water body is accelerated to generate rotating water flow, so that the kinetic energy of the liquid is converted into static pressure energy; when water flow passes through a first-stage guide vane 5-3-1 in a first-stage water distributor 5-3, the first-stage water distributor 5-3 adjusts the inclination angle of the first-stage guide vane 5-3-1 to adjust the size of first-stage water flow; the water flow passing through the first-stage guide vane 5-3-1 enters the first-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1, static pressure energy 1/3 is converted into kinetic energy of the first-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1, and the main shaft 2 is driven to rotate through the rotation of the first-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1.
Step 2) the water flow flowing through the primary mixed-flow runner 5-1 is kept to rotate in the circumferential direction through the water diversion runner 5-2 in the single common runner and then flows to a secondary guide vane 5-4-1 in a secondary water distributor 5-4, and the secondary water distributor 5-4 adjusts the size of the secondary water flow by adjusting the inclination angle of the secondary guide vane 5-4-1; the water flow passing through the secondary guide vane 5-4-1 enters the secondary mixed-flow runner 5-1 which is coaxial with the primary mixed-flow runner 5-1, the rest 1/3 static pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy of the secondary mixed-flow runner 5-1, and the main shaft 2 is driven to rotate through the rotation of the secondary mixed-flow runner 5-1.
Step 3), the water flow flowing through the secondary mixed-flow runner 5-1 is kept to rotate in the circumferential direction through a water diversion runner 5-2 in a single common runner and then flows to a tertiary guide vane 5-5-1 in a tertiary water distributor 5-5, and the tertiary water distributor 5-5 adjusts the size of the tertiary water flow by adjusting the inclination angle of the tertiary guide vane 5-5-1; the water flow passing through the third-stage guide vane 5-5-1 enters the third-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1 which is coaxial with the second-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1, the final 1/3 static pressure energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the third-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1, and the main shaft 2 is driven to rotate through the rotation of the third-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1.
Because the three-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1 adopts the completely same specification and size, for example, the three-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1 has the same rotating speed, such as 500r/min, under the condition of the same blade shape and runner diameter of 6m, under the condition of coaxial, the three-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1 is in the completely same state of overcoming power generation resistance and has the same hydraulic drive and hydraulic power, such as a hydraulic turbine 338 MW/single stage, the power of the generator is 1000MW in consideration of the efficiency loss of the hydraulic turbine, and therefore 33.3% of each water head is eliminated under the three-stage condition, namely 333.3m of each water head is eliminated by each stage of mixed-flow runner 5-1. The three-stage mixed flow type rotating wheel 5-1 jointly drives the main shaft 2 to rotate, and drives the generator 1 to generate electricity.
The vertical shaft tandem type (three-stage) mixed flow water turbine for high water head and large capacity is mainly different from the tandem type (two-stage) mixed flow water turbine in embodiment 1 in that: the second-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1 is axially additionally provided with a third-stage mixed-flow runner 5-1, and a section of water distribution channel 5-2 and a corresponding third-stage water distributor 5-5 are additionally arranged between the second-stage runner cavity 5-7 and the third-stage runner cavity 5-7 so as to jointly consume a high water head in equal proportion.
Specifically, the three-level water distributor 5-5 comprises three-level support arms 5-5-2 arranged on the outer sides of the corresponding water distribution channels 5-2 and connected with the three-level guide vanes 5-5-1, the other ends of the three-level support arms 5-5-2 are connected with three-level control rings 5-5-3, and the three-level control rings 5-5-3 control the opening and closing of the three-level guide vanes 5-5-1 through three-level relays 5-5-4 connected with the three-level support arms. Similarly, the three-level water distributor and the three-level mixed-flow runner are convenient to mount, dismount and overhaul. The three-stage support arm 5-5-2, the three-stage control ring 5-5-3 and the three-stage servomotor 5-5-4 are all arranged at the lower side of the water distribution channel 5-2 corresponding to the three-stage water distributor 5-5.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A power generation method for a vertical shaft series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine with high water head and large capacity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), water flow enters a primary mixed flow type rotating wheel (5-1), 1/N water head is absorbed, and a main shaft (2) is driven to rotate through the rotation of the primary mixed flow type rotating wheel (5-1);
step 2), distributing a 1/N water head by water flow flowing through the primary mixed-flow runner (5-1) through a water distribution runner (5-2) in a single common runner, keeping the water flow rotating in the circumferential direction, entering the secondary mixed-flow runner (5-1) coaxial with the primary mixed-flow runner (5-1), absorbing the 1/N water head, and driving the main shaft (2) to rotate through the rotation of the secondary mixed-flow runner (5-1);
step 3), distributing a 1/N water head by water flow flowing through the secondary mixed-flow runner (5-1) through a water distribution runner (5-2) in the single common runner, keeping the water flow rotating in the circumferential direction, entering the tertiary mixed-flow runner (5-1) coaxial with the secondary mixed-flow runner (5-1), absorbing the 1/N water head, and driving the main shaft (2) to rotate through the rotation of the tertiary mixed-flow runner (5-1);
step 4), and so on, … … to N level;
n is the number of stages of the vertical shaft series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine and is more than or equal to 2; in addition, the mixed-flow rotating wheels (5-1) of all the stages have the same specification and size and are coaxial and at the same speed.
2. The power generation method for a high head, large capacity vertical shaft tandem francis turbine of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), before the water flow enters the primary mixed-flow runner (5-1), the primary water flow is regulated through a primary water distributor (5-3) arranged at the inlet of the primary mixed-flow runner (5-1); in the step 2), before the water flow enters the secondary mixed-flow runner (5-1), the secondary water flow is adjusted through a secondary water guide mechanism (5-4) arranged at the inlet of the secondary mixed-flow runner (5-1); in the step 3), before the water flow enters the third-stage mixed-flow runner (5-1), the water flow is regulated by a third-stage water distributor (5-5) arranged at the inlet of the third-stage mixed-flow runner (5-1); in the step 4), before the water flow enters the N-stage mixed-flow runner (5-1), the water flow of the N-stage is adjusted through an N-stage water guide mechanism (5-5) arranged at the inlet of the N-stage mixed-flow runner (5-1).
3. The power generation method for a high head, large capacity vertical shaft tandem francis turbine of claim 2, wherein: in the step 1), before the water flow passes through the primary water distributor (5-3), the water flow is guided to flow along the circumferential direction through a volute (5-6) arranged at an inlet of the primary water distributor (5-3), and the water flow is accelerated to generate rotating water flow, so that the kinetic energy of the liquid is converted into static pressure energy.
4. A method of generating electricity for a high head, large capacity vertical shaft tandem francis turbine in accordance with claim 3, wherein: the water flow is high water head and large flow, the height of the water head is more than 600m, and the flow of the water flow is more than 70m3/s。
5. The power generation method for a high head, large capacity vertical shaft tandem francis turbine of claim 4, wherein: the vertical shaft serial mixed flow water turbine for the high water head and the large capacity comprises a main shaft (2) with the upper end penetrating through a generator (1) and providing power for the generator, the main shaft (2) is erected on N guide bearings (3) and a thrust bearing (4), the middle of the main shaft (2) is connected with a serial mixed flow water turbine (5) used for driving the main shaft (2) to rotate, the serial mixed flow water turbine (5) comprises N stages of mixed flow rotating wheels (5-1) which are axially arranged, each stage of the mixed flow rotating wheels (5-1) are connected with the main shaft (2), and adjacent rotating wheel cavities (5-7) are connected in series through water distributing channels (5-2), so that a single common flow channel is formed.
6. The power generation method for a high head, large capacity vertical shaft tandem francis turbine of claim 5, wherein: the water diversion channel (5-2) is a transverse U-shaped pressure steel pipe which is arranged around the main shaft (2) and symmetrically arranged along the axial section.
7. The power generation method for a high head, large capacity vertical shaft tandem francis turbine of claim 6, wherein: a primary guide vane (5-3-1) with an adjustable inclination angle is arranged at the inlet of the primary mixed flow runner (5-1), the primary guide vane (5-3-1) is positioned in an upper cavity (5-8) between the volute (5-6) and the primary runner cavity (5-7), and the water flow of the primary guide vane is adjusted through the primary water distributor (5-3); a secondary guide vane (5-4-1) with an adjustable inclination angle is arranged at the inlet of the secondary mixed-flow runner (5-1), the secondary guide vane (5-4-1) is positioned in a water distribution channel (5-2) corresponding to the secondary mixed-flow runner (5-1), and the water flow of the secondary mixed-flow runner is adjusted through a secondary water distributor (5-4); a third-stage guide vane (5-5-1) with an adjustable inclination angle is arranged at the inlet of the third-stage mixed-flow runner (5-1), the third-stage guide vane (5-5-1) is positioned in a water distribution channel (5-2) corresponding to the third-stage mixed-flow runner (5-1), and the water flow of the third-stage mixed-flow runner is adjusted through a third-stage water distributor (5-5); so.
8. The power generation method for a high head, large capacity vertical shaft tandem francis turbine of claim 7, wherein: the primary water distributor (5-3) comprises a primary support arm (5-3-2) which is arranged on the outer side of the upper cavity (5-8) and connected with the primary guide vane (5-3-1), the other end of the primary support arm (5-3-2) is connected with a primary control ring (5-3-3), and the primary control ring (5-3-3) controls the opening and closing of the primary guide vane (5-3-1) through a primary servomotor (5-3-4) connected with the primary control ring (5-3-3); the secondary water distributor (5-4) comprises a secondary support arm (5-4-2) which is arranged at the outer side of the corresponding water distribution channel (5-2) and connected with the secondary guide vane (5-4-1), the other end of the secondary support arm (5-4-2) is connected with a secondary control ring (5-4-3), and the opening and the closing of the secondary guide vane (5-4-1) are controlled by the secondary control ring (5-4-3) through a secondary servomotor (5-4-4) connected with the secondary control ring; the three-level water distributor (5-5) comprises three-level support arms (5-5-2) which are arranged at the outer sides of the corresponding water distribution channels (5-2) and connected with the three-level guide vanes (5-5-1), the other ends of the three-level support arms (5-5-2) are connected with three-level control rings (5-5-3), and the three-level control rings (5-5-3) control the opening and closing of the three-level guide vanes (5-5-1) through three-level relays (5-5-4) connected with the three-level support arms; so.
9. A method of generating electricity for a high head, large capacity vertical shaft tandem francis turbine in accordance with claim 8, wherein: the primary support arm (5-3-2), the primary control ring (5-3-3) and the primary servomotor (5-3-4) are all arranged on the upper side of the upper cavity (5-8); the secondary support arm (5-4-2), the secondary control ring (5-4-3) and the secondary servomotor (5-4-4) are all arranged at the lower side of the water distribution channel (5-2) corresponding to the secondary water distributor (5-4); the three-stage support arm (5-5-2), the three-stage control ring (5-5-3) and the three-stage servomotor (5-5-4) are all arranged at the lower side of the water distribution channel (5-2) corresponding to the three-stage water distributor (5-5); the operation is repeated until N levels, so that the installation, the disassembly and the maintenance of each level of water guide mechanism and each level of mixed flow runner are convenient.
10. A method of generating electricity for a high head, large capacity vertical shaft tandem francis turbine in accordance with claim 9, wherein: the series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine (5) further comprises a water inlet pipe (5-11) connected with the volute (5-6) and a seat ring (5-9) connected with the last stage of mixed-flow runner (5-1), and the other end of the seat ring (5-9) is connected with an elbow-type draft tube (5-10).
CN202110610993.4A 2021-06-01 2021-06-01 Power generation method for high-water-head large-capacity vertical shaft series-connection type mixed-flow water turbine Pending CN113464343A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3032058A1 (en) * 1979-08-28 1981-03-12 Tokyo Shibaura Denki K.K., Kawasaki, Kanagawa REVERSIBLE MULTI-STAGE HYDROPOWER WORKING AT A SPEED.
CN104131942A (en) * 2014-08-19 2014-11-05 河南新飞纪元科技有限公司 Multi-stage water turbine with super-low specific speed for industrial fluid high excessive pressure recovery
CN104712488A (en) * 2015-02-05 2015-06-17 西安理工大学 Francis type hydroturbine-generator set with secondary adjusting guide vane mechanism and power generation method thereof
CN207349008U (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-05-11 安徽沃特普尔节能科技有限公司 It can realize the mixed flow type water turbine for cooling tower that wind turbine reversely rotates and operating mode is adjusted
CN108661844A (en) * 2018-07-28 2018-10-16 华北水利水电大学 A kind of hydraulic turbine runner with reducing front and back guide blade based on hydraulic turbine pattern
CN208702598U (en) * 2018-07-28 2019-04-05 华北水利水电大学 A kind of hydraulic turbine runner with reducing front and back guide blade based on hydraulic turbine mode

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3032058A1 (en) * 1979-08-28 1981-03-12 Tokyo Shibaura Denki K.K., Kawasaki, Kanagawa REVERSIBLE MULTI-STAGE HYDROPOWER WORKING AT A SPEED.
CN104131942A (en) * 2014-08-19 2014-11-05 河南新飞纪元科技有限公司 Multi-stage water turbine with super-low specific speed for industrial fluid high excessive pressure recovery
CN104712488A (en) * 2015-02-05 2015-06-17 西安理工大学 Francis type hydroturbine-generator set with secondary adjusting guide vane mechanism and power generation method thereof
CN207349008U (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-05-11 安徽沃特普尔节能科技有限公司 It can realize the mixed flow type water turbine for cooling tower that wind turbine reversely rotates and operating mode is adjusted
CN108661844A (en) * 2018-07-28 2018-10-16 华北水利水电大学 A kind of hydraulic turbine runner with reducing front and back guide blade based on hydraulic turbine pattern
CN208702598U (en) * 2018-07-28 2019-04-05 华北水利水电大学 A kind of hydraulic turbine runner with reducing front and back guide blade based on hydraulic turbine mode

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Application publication date: 20211001