CN113462940A - Magnesium alloy plate with high room temperature formability and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Magnesium alloy plate with high room temperature formability and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113462940A CN113462940A CN202110755049.8A CN202110755049A CN113462940A CN 113462940 A CN113462940 A CN 113462940A CN 202110755049 A CN202110755049 A CN 202110755049A CN 113462940 A CN113462940 A CN 113462940A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/02—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/04—Alloys based on magnesium with zinc or cadmium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses a magnesium alloy plate with high room temperature formability and a preparation method thereof, wherein the magnesium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn: 1-2.5%; li: 2-4%; gd: 0.5-1.5%; the balance being Mg; the magnesium alloy plate finally obtained by the invention has uniform structure, low texture strength and a divergent state, and the isotropy of the plate is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnesium alloy, in particular to a magnesium alloy plate with high room temperature formability and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Magnesium alloys, which are the lightest structural materials of today, have a density of only two thirds of that of aluminum alloys, and play an important role in reducing the weight of structures. The material has the advantages of high specific strength, specific stiffness, excellent shock absorption and the like, can realize hundreds of recycling, and is known as 'green engineering material in 21 century' to receive wide attention.
The product is successfully applied to the industries of aerospace, automobiles, computers, 3C and the like. China, as one of the most abundant countries of magnesium resources in the world, has unique resource advantages, vigorously develops the magnesium alloy industry, and has wide development prospect and great application value.
However, because magnesium and most magnesium alloys are in a close-packed hexagonal structure, only basal plane slippage can be started at room temperature, and a plate after one-time deformation often forms a strong basal plane texture, and cannot coordinate thickness deformation in the subsequent processing deformation process, so that poor formability is caused, and the application of the magnesium alloy is greatly limited.
Therefore, the magnesium alloy plate with high forming performance at room temperature is developed, the industrial and large-scale application of the magnesium alloy plate is promoted, and the urgent requirements of manufacturers and consumers at home and abroad on light-weight components can be met to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a magnesium alloy plate with high room temperature formability and a preparation method thereof.
The scheme of the invention is as follows:
a magnesium alloy sheet material with high room temperature formability comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Zn 1～2.5％；
Li 2～4％；
Gd 0.5～1.5％；
the balance being Mg.
As a preferred technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps of:
Zn 2％；
Li 3％；
Gd 1％；
the balance being Mg.
Preferably, the Zn is Zn particles, the Gd is Gd particles, and the Mg and the Li are Mg-5Li intermediate alloy.
The invention also discloses a method for preparing the magnesium alloy plate with high room temperature formability, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials, namely preparing the following components of metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg according to mass percent: 1-2.5%, Li: 2-4%, Gd: 0.5-1.5% of Mg for the rest;
2) smelting, namely weighing a mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg in the step 1), placing the mixed material in a vacuum smelting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 8-20 minutes under the power of 20-25kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then filling 99.99% of argon into the vacuum smelting furnace, increasing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 35-40 kW to melt the mixed material, preserving heat for 40 minutes, reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 20-30 kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and cutting the obtained cast ingot to 82mm in diameter by using a lathe;
3) homogenizing, namely placing an 82mm cast ingot in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 8-12 hours at 340-400 ℃ for homogenizing;
4) hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 420-460 ℃ to obtain an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
5) rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 240-280 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 340-400 ℃ for 1.5-2 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
As a preferable technical scheme, the step 2) is carried out smelting, the mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg weighed in the step 1) is placed in a vacuum smelting furnace, the vacuum is pumped to 250Pa by a mechanical pump, the mixed material is heated for 10 minutes under the power of 20kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then 99.99% of argon is filled into the vacuum smelting furnace, the power of the vacuum smelting furnace is increased to 35kW to melt the mixed material, the mixed material is cast after the temperature is kept for 40 minutes, the power of the vacuum smelting furnace is reduced to 25kW, the furnace is cooled to room temperature, and the obtained cast ingot is cut to 82mm in diameter by a lathe;
the step 3) of homogenizing heat treatment, placing 82mm of cast ingot in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 8 hours at 350 ℃ to carry out homogenizing treatment;
the step 4) of hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder, wherein the extrusion temperature is 430 ℃, and extruding an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 250-280 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
and 6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 350-380 ℃ for 1.5 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
As a preferable technical scheme, the step 2) is carried out smelting, the mixture containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg is weighed in the step 1) and is placed in a vacuum smelting furnace, the mixture is pumped to 250Pa by a mechanical pump, the mixture is heated for 10-20 minutes under the power of 20kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then 99.99% of argon is filled into the vacuum smelting furnace, the power of the vacuum smelting furnace is increased to 35kW to melt the mixture, the mixture is cast after the temperature is kept for 40 minutes, the power of the vacuum smelting furnace is reduced to 20-25kW, the furnace is cooled to room temperature, and the obtained cast ingot is cut to 82mm in diameter by a lathe;
the step 3) of homogenizing heat treatment, namely placing an ingot of 82mm in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 12 hours at 340-360 ℃ for homogenizing heat treatment;
the step 4) of hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 420-440 ℃ to obtain an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 240-280 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
and 6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 360-400 ℃ for 1.5 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
As a preferable technical scheme, the step 2) is carried out smelting, the mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg weighed in the step 1) is placed in a vacuum smelting furnace, the vacuum is pumped to 250Pa by a mechanical pump, the mixed material is heated for 8 minutes under the power of 25kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then 99.99% of argon is filled into the vacuum smelting furnace, the power of the vacuum smelting furnace is increased to 40kW to melt the mixed material, the mixed material is cast after the temperature is kept for 40 minutes, the power of the vacuum smelting furnace is reduced to 30kW, the furnace is cooled to room temperature, and the obtained cast ingot is cut to 82mm in diameter by a lathe;
the step 3) of homogenizing heat treatment, namely placing 82mm cast ingots in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 10 hours at 350-400 ℃ for homogenizing heat treatment;
the step 4) of hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 440-460 ℃ to obtain an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 250-270 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
and 6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 340-380 ℃ for 2 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
As a preferable technical scheme, Zn is added in a Zn particle form, Gd is added in a Gd particle form, and Mg and Li are added in a Mg-5Li intermediate alloy form in the step 2).
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 1), the following components are prepared from metal elements of Zn, Li, Gd and Mg according to mass percent:
Zn 2％；
Li 3％；
Gd 1％；
the balance being Mg.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the magnesium alloy plate with high room temperature formability and the preparation method thereof comprise the following steps: 1) preparing materials, namely preparing the following components of metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg according to mass percent: 1-2.5%, Li: 2-4%, Gd: 0.5-1.5% of Mg for the rest; 2) smelting, namely weighing a mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg in the step 1), placing the mixed material in a vacuum smelting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 8-20 minutes under the power of 20-25kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then filling 99.99% of argon into the vacuum smelting furnace, increasing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 35-40 kW to melt the mixed material, preserving heat for 40 minutes, reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 20-30 kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and cutting the obtained cast ingot to 82mm in diameter by using a lathe; 3) homogenizing, namely placing an 82mm cast ingot in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 8-12 hours at 340-400 ℃ for homogenizing; 4) hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 420-460 ℃ to obtain an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm; 5) rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 240-280 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%; 6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 340-400 ℃ for 1.5-2 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention provides a preparation method of a magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature, and the magnesium alloy plate obtained finally has uniform structure, low texture strength and a divergent state, and the isotropy of the plate is enhanced, so that the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature is obtained.
Detailed Description
In order to make up for the above disadvantages, the present invention provides a magnesium alloy sheet having high formability at room temperature and a method for preparing the same to solve the above problems in the background art.
A magnesium alloy sheet material with high room temperature formability comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Zn 1～2.5％；
Li 2～4％；
Gd 0.5～1.5％；
the balance being Mg.
The weight percentage of the material is as follows:
Zn 2％；
Li 3％；
Gd 1％；
the balance being Mg.
The Zn is Zn particles, the Gd is Gd particles, and the Mg and the Li are Mg-5Li intermediate alloy.
The invention also discloses a method for preparing the magnesium alloy plate with high room temperature formability, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials, namely preparing the following components of metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg according to mass percent: 1-2.5%, Li: 2-4%, Gd: 0.5-1.5% of Mg for the rest;
2) smelting, namely weighing a mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg in the step 1), placing the mixed material in a vacuum smelting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 8-20 minutes under the power of 20-25kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then filling 99.99% of argon into the vacuum smelting furnace, increasing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 35-40 kW to melt the mixed material, preserving heat for 40 minutes, reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 20-30 kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and cutting the obtained cast ingot to 82mm in diameter by using a lathe;
3) homogenizing, namely placing an 82mm cast ingot in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 8-12 hours at 340-400 ℃ for homogenizing;
4) hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 420-460 ℃ to obtain an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
5) rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 240-280 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 340-400 ℃ for 1.5-2 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
Smelting in the step 2), weighing a mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg according to the weight in the step 1), placing the mixed material in a vacuum smelting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 10 minutes under the power of 20kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then filling 99.99% of argon into the vacuum smelting furnace, increasing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 35kW to melt the mixed material, preserving heat for 40 minutes, reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 25kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and cutting the obtained cast ingot to 82mm in diameter by using a lathe;
the step 3) of homogenizing heat treatment, placing 82mm of cast ingot in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 8 hours at 350 ℃ to carry out homogenizing treatment;
the step 4) of hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder, wherein the extrusion temperature is 430 ℃, and extruding an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 250-280 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
and 6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 350-380 ℃ for 1.5 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
Smelting in the step 2), weighing a mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg according to the weight in the step 1), placing the mixed material in a vacuum smelting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 10-20 minutes under the power of 20kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then filling 99.99% of argon into the vacuum smelting furnace, increasing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 35kW to melt the mixed material, keeping the temperature for 40 minutes, reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 20-25kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and cutting the obtained cast ingot to 82mm in diameter by using a lathe;
the step 3) of homogenizing heat treatment, namely placing an ingot of 82mm in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 12 hours at 340-360 ℃ for homogenizing heat treatment;
the step 4) of hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 420-440 ℃ to obtain an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 240-280 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
and 6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 360-400 ℃ for 1.5 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
Smelting in the step 2), weighing a mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg according to the weight in the step 1), placing the mixed material in a vacuum smelting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 8 minutes under the power of 25kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then filling 99.99% of argon into the vacuum smelting furnace, increasing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 40kW to melt the mixed material, preserving heat for 40 minutes, reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 30kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and cutting the obtained cast ingot to 82mm in diameter by using a lathe;
the step 3) of homogenizing heat treatment, namely placing 82mm cast ingots in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 10 hours at 350-400 ℃ for homogenizing heat treatment;
the step 4) of hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 440-460 ℃ to obtain an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 250-270 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
and 6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 340-380 ℃ for 2 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
In the step 2), Zn is added in a Zn particle form, Gd is added in a Gd particle form, and Mg and Li are added in an Mg-5Li intermediate alloy form.
In the step 1), metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg are prepared into the following components according to mass percentage:
Zn 2％；
Li 3％；
Gd 1％；
the balance being Mg.
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
The magnesium alloy sheet is prepared according to the following steps:
putting 1 kg of Mg-5Li intermediate alloy, 20 g of Zn particles and 10 g of Gd particles into a vacuum induction melting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 10-20 minutes under the power of 20kW, adding 99.99% of argon, increasing the power to 35kW to melt a sample, preserving the heat for 40 minutes, reducing the power to 20-25kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and finally cutting into an ingot with the diameter of 82mm by using a lathe;
placing the obtained 82mm cast ingot in a muffle furnace, and carrying out heat preservation for 12 hours at 350 +/-10 ℃ to carry out homogenization treatment to obtain an alloy cast ingot;
and extruding the obtained alloy cast ingot on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 430 +/-10 ℃ to obtain an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm.
The magnesium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm is rolled along the direction vertical to the extrusion at the temperature of 270 plus or minus 10 ℃, the rolling reduction is 0.2 plus or minus 0.03mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50 percent.
The rolled sheet was annealed at 380. + -. 20 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain a magnesium alloy sheet having high formability at room temperature.
And (3) carrying out performance test on the extruded 2mm magnesium alloy plate, wherein the maximum pole density is 9.92, and the cup projection value at room temperature is 4.6 mm.
And (3) carrying out performance test on the magnesium alloy plate subjected to rolling annealing, wherein the maximum pole density is 3.6, and the cup projection value at room temperature is 7.8 mm.
Example 2
The magnesium alloy sheet is prepared according to the following steps:
putting 1 kg of Mg-5Li intermediate alloy, 20 g of Zn particles and 10 g of Gd particles into a vacuum induction melting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 8 minutes under the power of 25kW, increasing the power to 40kW after filling 99.99% of argon, melting a sample, preserving the heat for 40 minutes, reducing the power to 30kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and finally turning to an ingot with the diameter of 82mm by using a lathe;
placing the obtained cast ingot in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 10 hours at 400 ℃ for homogenization treatment;
extruding the obtained alloy cast ingot on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 450 +/-10 ℃ to obtain a magnesium alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
rolling the obtained magnesium alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm along the direction vertical to the extrusion at the temperature of 260 +/-10 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
and (3) annealing the rolled plate at 360 +/-20 ℃ for 2 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
And (3) carrying out performance test on the extruded 2mm magnesium alloy plate, wherein the maximum pole density is 9.85, and the cup projection value at room temperature is 4.7 mm.
And (3) carrying out performance test on the magnesium alloy plate subjected to rolling annealing, wherein the maximum pole density is 3.9, and the cup projection value at room temperature is 7.7 mm.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A magnesium alloy sheet material with high room temperature formability is characterized in that the magnesium alloy sheet material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Zn 1～2.5％；
Li 2～4％；
Gd 0.5～1.5％；
the balance being Mg.
2. The magnesium alloy sheet having high formability at room temperature according to claim 1, wherein:
Zn 2％；
Li 3％；
Gd 1％；
the balance being Mg.
3. The magnesium alloy sheet having high room-temperature formability according to claim 1, wherein: the Zn is Zn particles, the Gd is Gd particles, and the Mg and the Li are Mg-5Li intermediate alloy.
4. A method for producing a magnesium alloy sheet having high room-temperature formability according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) preparing materials, namely preparing the following components of metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg according to mass percent: 1-2.5%, Li: 2-4%, Gd: 0.5-1.5% of Mg for the rest;
2) smelting, namely weighing a mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg in the step 1), placing the mixed material in a vacuum smelting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 8-20 minutes under the power of 20-25kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then filling 99.99% of argon into the vacuum smelting furnace, increasing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 35-40 kW to melt the mixed material, preserving heat for 40 minutes, reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 20-30 kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and cutting the obtained cast ingot to 82mm in diameter by using a lathe;
3) homogenizing, namely placing an 82mm cast ingot in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 8-12 hours at 340-400 ℃ for homogenizing;
4) hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 420-460 ℃ to obtain an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
5) rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 240-280 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 340-400 ℃ for 1.5-2 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
5. The method for manufacturing a magnesium alloy sheet having high formability at room temperature according to claim 4, wherein: smelting in the step 2), weighing a mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg according to the weight in the step 1), placing the mixed material in a vacuum smelting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 10 minutes under the power of 20kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then filling 99.99% of argon into the vacuum smelting furnace, increasing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 35kW to melt the mixed material, preserving heat for 40 minutes, reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 25kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and cutting the obtained cast ingot to 82mm in diameter by using a lathe;
the step 3) of homogenizing heat treatment, placing 82mm of cast ingot in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 8 hours at 350 ℃ to carry out homogenizing treatment;
the step 4) of hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder, wherein the extrusion temperature is 430 ℃, and extruding an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 250-280 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
and 6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 350-380 ℃ for 1.5 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
6. The method for manufacturing a magnesium alloy sheet having high formability at room temperature according to claim 4, wherein:
smelting in the step 2), weighing a mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg according to the weight in the step 1), placing the mixed material in a vacuum smelting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 10-20 minutes under the power of 20kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then filling 99.99% of argon into the vacuum smelting furnace, increasing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 35kW to melt the mixed material, keeping the temperature for 40 minutes, reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 20-25kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and cutting the obtained cast ingot to 82mm in diameter by using a lathe;
the step 3) of homogenizing heat treatment, namely placing an ingot of 82mm in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 12 hours at 340-360 ℃ for homogenizing heat treatment;
the step 4) of hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 420-440 ℃ to obtain an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 240-280 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
and 6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 360-400 ℃ for 1.5 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
7. The method for manufacturing a magnesium alloy sheet having high formability at room temperature according to claim 4, wherein:
smelting in the step 2), weighing a mixed material containing metal elements Zn, Li, Gd and Mg according to the weight in the step 1), placing the mixed material in a vacuum smelting furnace, vacuumizing to 250Pa by using a mechanical pump, heating for 8 minutes under the power of 25kW of the vacuum smelting furnace, then filling 99.99% of argon into the vacuum smelting furnace, increasing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 40kW to melt the mixed material, preserving heat for 40 minutes, reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace to 30kW for casting, cooling the furnace to room temperature, and cutting the obtained cast ingot to 82mm in diameter by using a lathe;
the step 3) of homogenizing heat treatment, namely placing 82mm cast ingots in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 10 hours at 350-400 ℃ for homogenizing heat treatment;
the step 4) of hot extrusion, namely extruding the alloy cast ingot processed in the step 3) on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 440-460 ℃ to obtain an alloy plate with the thickness of 2 mm;
rolling, namely rolling an alloy plate with the thickness of 2mm in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the temperature of 250-270 ℃, wherein the rolling reduction is 0.2 +/-0.03 mm each time, the total rolling is 5 times, and the accumulated deformation is 50%;
and 6) carrying out heat treatment after rolling, and annealing the rolled plate obtained in the step 5) at 340-380 ℃ for 2 hours to finally obtain the magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature.
8. The method for producing a magnesium alloy sheet having high formability at room temperature as set forth in any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein: in the step 2), Zn is added in a Zn particle form, Gd is added in a Gd particle form, and Mg and Li are added in an Mg-5Li intermediate alloy form.
9. The method for preparing a magnesium alloy sheet having high formability at room temperature according to claim 4, wherein the metal elements Zn, Li, Gd, and Mg in the step 1) are prepared according to the following components by mass percent:
Zn 2％；
Li 3％；
Gd 1％；
the balance being Mg.
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