CN113462937A - Impact-resistant high-toughness aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and mainly relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys. The aluminum alloy comprises the following raw materials: heating the preheated aluminum ingot, zinc ingot and magnesium ingot to be completely melted, adding the preheated Al-25 wt.% Cu intermediate alloy, Al-25 wt.% Y and Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy into the melt, mechanically stirring the intermediate alloy after the intermediate alloy is completely melted to be fully and uniformly mixed, removing surface scum, pouring the mixture into a metal mold to prepare a cylindrical aluminum alloy ingot with the diameter of 410 +/-5 mm, and performing hot extrusion and shearing forming on an extruder to prepare the fine grain wrought aluminum alloy with the average grain size of not more than 10 mu m. The invention has higher impact resistance and good energy absorption density so as to meet the requirements of the industrial field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high-performance and impact-resistant automobile aluminum alloy anti-collision beam profile is used as a safety part on an automobile, has higher mechanical property, excellent comprehensive properties such as corrosion resistance, weldability, cold bending processing and the like, and is required to have better shock absorption performance effect. In view of the excellent formability of aluminum alloys, the sectional shapes of aluminum alloy sections for impact beams are generally designed to be single-hole or multi-hole sections such as square, and mu shapes, and the like, from the viewpoint of increasing the sectional moment of inertia of materials and improving the sectional rigidity of members. The anti-collision beam profiles with different cross-sectional shapes have different cross-sectional moments of inertia. The developed aluminum alloy section for the anti-collision beam has good component rigidity, high impact toughness and energy absorption performance.
The mechanical properties of aluminum alloys are much lower than steel materials, limiting their application to many industrial devices and products. In order to expand the application range and field of the aluminum alloy, research and research work is carried out on the existing aluminum alloy in a large quantity, and although many research and research works carry out many modifications on the existing aluminum alloy, the applicability is not ideal. The addition of a small amount of rare earth elements can obviously refine grains of an aluminum alloy casting structure, but the aluminum alloy casting structure contains more structure defects such as: shrinkage porosity, shrinkage porosity and inclusions, resulting in poor mechanical properties. Compared with cast aluminum alloy, the deformed aluminum alloy after extrusion, forging and rolling has more compact and uniform structure; and the addition of a small amount of rare earth elements can promote dynamic recrystallization and activate non-basal plane slippage in the thermal deformation process, so that the grain size is refined, the basal plane texture is weakened, and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy is improved. Although the mechanical property of the existing high-content rare earth aluminum alloy can be improved, the technical process for simultaneously improving the strength and the plasticity of the alloy is not common.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: zn: 5.0-7.0 wt.%, Mg: 1.5-2.5 wt.%, Cu: 0.5-1.5 wt.%, Y: 0.5-3.0 wt.%, Zr: 0.2-0.8 wt.%, the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt.%, and the balance is Al.
The preparation method of the impact-resistant high-toughness aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding industrial pure Al, pure Zn and pure Mg into a crucible, and adding Al-25 wt.% Cu, Al-25 wt.% Y and Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy when the temperature of a solution is raised to 700-720 ℃ after the industrial pure Al, the pure Zn and the pure Mg are completely melted;
step two, after the raw materials in the step one are completely melted, introducing argon for 15-30min for purification treatment, stirring to fully mix the raw materials uniformly, then removing surface scum, preserving heat, standing for a period of time, and pouring the mixture into a preheated metal mold to prepare a cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot;
and step three, performing high-temperature homogenization treatment on the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot, and performing hot extrusion shearing forming on an extruder.
Preferably, before the industrial pure Al, the pure Zn and the pure Mg are put into a furnace with gas protection for melting, the furnace is firstly heated to 380-400 ℃, after the temperature is stabilized, the industrial pure Al, the pure Zn and the pure Mg are put into the furnace, then the temperature is raised to 670-680 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 8-10 ℃/min, so that the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot and the magnesium ingot are completely melted, and then the temperature is raised to 700-720 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 15-20 ℃/min.
Preferably, in the first step, the crucible is preheated to 150 ℃ before the commercially pure Al, pure Zn and pure Mg are added into the crucible.
Preferably, the mold is preheated to 250-300 ℃ during the casting in the second step.
Preferably, the temperature for heat preservation and standing is 700-720 ℃, and the time for heat preservation and standing is 10-20 min.
Preferably, the cylindrical aluminum alloy ingot in the third step is subjected to high-temperature homogenization treatment at the temperature of 450-460 ℃, and the homogenization treatment time is 16-24 h.
Preferably, the extrusion temperature of the hot extrusion shear forming is 450-470 ℃, the extrusion shear rate is 5m/min-8m/min, the extrusion shear pressure is 3500-4500 tons, and the extrusion ratio is 12.25.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aluminum alloy prepared by the component proportion and the preparation process has good dynamic high-speed impact load resistance, the room-temperature tensile strength of the alloy is 582-.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure characterization chart of an aluminum alloy in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure characterization chart of the aluminum alloy in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure characterization chart of the aluminum alloy in example 3;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure characterization chart of the aluminum alloy in example 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.
Example 1:
a preparation method of an impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy raw materials comprise: the material comprises an industrial pure aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot, a magnesium ingot, Al-25 wt.% Cu intermediate alloy, Al-25 wt.% Y intermediate alloy and Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy, wherein the material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: zn: 5.0 wt.%, Mg: 1.5 wt.%, Cu: 0.5 wt.%, Y: 0.5 wt.%, Zr: 0.2 wt.%, the total amount of inevitable impurities is 0.1 wt.% or less, and the balance is Al.
Firstly, preheating industrial pure aluminum ingots, zinc ingots and magnesium ingots in a box-type resistance furnace at the preheating temperature of 180 ℃; heating the smelting furnace to 380 ℃, putting an aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot and a magnesium ingot after the temperature is stable, heating to 670 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min to completely melt the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot and the magnesium ingot, and then heating to 700 ℃ at the rapid heating rate of 15 ℃/min; preheating Al-25 wt.% Cu, Al-25 wt.% Y and Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy at 50 ℃ higher than the preheating temperature of an aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot and a magnesium ingot, adding the preheated intermediate alloy into a melt of the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot and the magnesium ingot, stirring the intermediate alloy after the intermediate alloy is completely melted to fully and uniformly mix the intermediate alloy, wherein the stirring speed is 80rpm, the stirring time is 5min, removing surface scum, and then keeping the temperature and standing the intermediate alloy at 700 ℃ for 20 min. Then pouring the mixture into a metal mold with the preheating temperature of 250 ℃ to prepare a cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot with the diameter of 410 +/-5 mm; the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot is subjected to high-temperature homogenization treatment at 460 ℃ in a resistance furnace, the homogenization treatment time is 24 hours, then the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot is subjected to hot extrusion shearing forming on an extruder, the extrusion temperature of the hot extrusion shearing forming is 450 ℃, the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot is ensured to have good plasticity and lower deformation resistance, the extrusion shearing rate is 5m/min, the extrusion shearing pressure is 3500 tons, the extrusion ratio is 12, and the fine-grain wrought aluminum alloy with the average grain size not more than 10 mu m is prepared.
The high-strength aluminum alloy obtained in the example has good performance of resisting dynamic high-speed impact load. The tensile strength of the alloy at room temperature is 582MPa, the yield strength is 541MPa, and the elongation is 8.2%.
Example 2:
a preparation method of an impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy raw materials comprise: the material comprises an industrial pure aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot, a magnesium ingot, Al-25 wt.% Cu intermediate alloy, Al-25 wt.% Y intermediate alloy and Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy, wherein the material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: zn: 6.0 wt.%, Mg: 2.0 wt.%, Cu: 1.0 wt.%, Y: 2.0 wt.%, Zr: 0.5 wt.%, the total amount of inevitable impurities is 0.1 wt.% or less, and the balance is Al.
Placing industrial pure aluminum ingots, zinc ingots and magnesium ingots in a box-type resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 185 ℃, heating the furnace to about 388 ℃, placing the industrial pure aluminum ingots, zinc ingots and magnesium ingots after the temperature is stable, heating to about 675 ℃ at the heating rate of 9 ℃/min to completely melt the aluminum ingots, the zinc ingots and the magnesium ingots, and then heating to about 710 ℃ at the rapid heating rate of 16 ℃/min; preheating Al-25 wt.% Cu, Al-25 wt.% Y and Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy at 40 ℃ higher than the preheating temperature of an aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot and a magnesium ingot, adding the intermediate alloy into a melt of the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot and the magnesium ingot, mechanically stirring the intermediate alloy after the intermediate alloy is completely melted to fully and uniformly mix the intermediate alloy, removing surface scum, and then preserving heat and standing for 18min at 710 ℃. Then pouring the mixture into a metal mold with the preheating temperature of 170 ℃ to prepare a cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot with the diameter of 410 +/-5 mm; the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot is subjected to high-temperature homogenization treatment at 455 ℃ in a box-type resistance furnace, the homogenization treatment time is 20 hours, then the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot is subjected to hot extrusion shearing forming on an extruder, the extrusion temperature of the hot extrusion shearing forming is 440 ℃, the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot is ensured to have good plasticity and lower deformation resistance, the extrusion shearing rate is 6mm/min, the extrusion shearing pressure is 3800 tons, and the extrusion ratio is 12, so that the fine-grain wrought aluminum alloy with the average grain size not greater than 10 mu m is prepared.
The high-strength aluminum alloy obtained in the example has good performance of resisting dynamic high-speed impact load. The tensile strength of the alloy at room temperature is 603MPa, the yield strength is 561MPa, and the elongation is 8.8%.
Example 3:
a preparation method of an impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy raw materials comprise: the material comprises an industrial pure aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot, a magnesium ingot, Al-25 wt.% Cu intermediate alloy, Al-25 wt.% Y intermediate alloy and Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy, wherein the material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: zn: 7.0 wt.%, Mg: 2.5 wt.%, Cu: 1.5 wt.%, Y: 2.0 wt.%, Zr: 0.5 wt.%, the total amount of inevitable impurities is 0.1 wt.% or less, and the balance is Al.
Preheating aluminum ingots, zinc ingots and magnesium ingots in a box-type resistance furnace at the preheating temperature of 195 ℃; heating the smelting furnace to 395 ℃, putting an aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot and a magnesium ingot after the temperature is stable, heating to 675 ℃ at a heating rate of 9 ℃/min to completely melt the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot and the magnesium ingot, and then heating to 720 ℃ at a rapid heating rate of 18 ℃/min; preheating Al-25 wt.% Cu, Al-25 wt.% Y and Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy at 50 ℃ higher than the preheating temperature of an aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot and a magnesium ingot, adding the intermediate alloy into a melt of the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot and the magnesium ingot, mechanically stirring the intermediate alloy after the intermediate alloy is completely melted to fully and uniformly mix the intermediate alloy, removing surface scum, and then preserving heat and standing for 13min at 715 ℃. Then pouring the mixture into a metal mold with the preheating temperature of 200 ℃ to prepare a cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot with the diameter of 410 +/-5 mm; the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot is subjected to 460 ℃ high-temperature homogenization treatment in a box-type resistance furnace, the homogenization treatment time is 18 hours, then the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot is subjected to hot extrusion shearing forming on an extruder, the extrusion temperature of the hot extrusion shearing forming is 460 ℃, the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot is ensured to have good plasticity and lower deformation resistance, the extrusion shearing rate is 7m/min, the extrusion shearing pressure is 4200 tons, and the extrusion ratio is 12, so that the fine-grained wrought aluminum alloy with the average grain size not greater than 10 mu m is prepared.
The high-strength aluminum alloy obtained in the example has good performance of resisting dynamic high-speed impact load. The tensile strength of the alloy at room temperature is 626MPa, the yield strength is 551MPa, and the elongation is 13.6%.
Example 4:
the aluminum alloy raw materials comprise: the material comprises an industrial pure aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot, a magnesium ingot, Al-25 wt.% Cu intermediate alloy, Al-25 wt.% Y intermediate alloy and Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy, wherein the material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: zn: 7.0 wt.%, Mg: 2.5 wt.%, Cu: 1.5 wt.%, Y: 3.0 wt.%, Zr: 0.8 wt.%, the total amount of inevitable impurities is 0.1 wt.% or less, and the balance is Al.
Preheating an aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot and a magnesium ingot in a box-type resistance furnace at the preheating temperature of 200 ℃; heating the smelting furnace to 400 ℃, putting the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot and the magnesium ingot into the smelting furnace after the temperature is stable, heating to 680 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min to completely melt the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot and the magnesium ingot, and then heating to 710 ℃ at a rapid heating rate of 20 ℃/min; preheating Al-25 wt.% Cu, Al-25 wt.% Y and Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy at a temperature of 20 ℃ higher than the preheating temperature of an aluminum ingot, a zinc ingot and a magnesium ingot, then adding the intermediate alloy into a melt of the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot and the magnesium ingot, after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, mechanically stirring the intermediate alloy to be fully and uniformly mixed, then removing surface scum, and then keeping the temperature and standing the intermediate alloy at 720 ℃ for 10 min. Then pouring the cast ingot into an H13 steel metal mold with the preheating temperature of 250 ℃ to prepare a cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot with the diameter of 410 +/-5 mm; the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot is subjected to high-temperature homogenization treatment at 470 ℃ in a box-type resistance furnace, after the homogenization treatment time is 16 hours, hot extrusion shearing forming is carried out on an extruder, the extrusion temperature of the hot extrusion shearing forming is 470 ℃, good plasticity and low deformation resistance are ensured, the extrusion shearing rate is 6mm/min, the extrusion shearing pressure is 4500 tons, the extrusion ratio is 12, and the fine-grain wrought aluminum alloy with the average grain size not more than 10 mu m is prepared.
The high-strength aluminum alloy obtained in the example has good performance of resisting dynamic high-speed impact load, and the tensile strength of the alloy at room temperature is 651MPa, the yield strength is 582MPa, and the elongation is 10.2%.
The microstructure characterization photographs of the alloy are shown in FIGS. 1-4: the addition of the Y element can obviously refine the structure of the alloy, and the alloy is subjected to hot extrusion and shearing to obtain dynamic recrystallization grains with uniform and fine structure.
Claims (8)
1. The impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass: zn: 5.0-7.0 wt.%, Mg: 1.5-2.5 wt.%, Cu: 0.5-1.5 wt.%, Y: 0.5-3.0 wt.%, Zr: 0.2-0.8 wt.%, the total amount of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.1 wt.%, and the balance is Al.
2. The preparation method of the impact-resistant high-toughness aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, adding industrial pure Al, pure Zn and pure Mg into a crucible, and adding Al-25 wt.% Cu, Al-25 wt.% Y and Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy when the temperature of a solution is raised to 700-720 ℃ after the industrial pure Al, the pure Zn and the pure Mg are completely melted;
step two, after the raw materials in the step one are completely melted, introducing argon for 15-30min for purification treatment, stirring to fully mix the raw materials uniformly, then removing surface scum, preserving heat, standing for a period of time, and pouring the mixture into a preheated metal mold to prepare a cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot;
and step three, performing high-temperature homogenization treatment on the cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot, and performing hot extrusion shearing forming on an extruder.
3. The preparation method of the impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before the industrial pure Al, the pure Zn and the pure Mg are put into a smelting furnace with gas protection for melting, the smelting furnace is firstly heated to 380-400 ℃, the industrial pure Al, the pure Zn and the pure Mg are put into the smelting furnace after the temperature is stabilized, then the temperature is raised to 670-680 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 8-10 ℃/min, so that the aluminum ingot, the zinc ingot and the magnesium ingot are all melted, and then the temperature is raised to 700-720 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 15-20 ℃/min.
4. The preparation method of the impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the crucible is preheated to 150 ℃ before adding the industrial pure Al, the pure Zn and the pure Mg into the crucible.
5. The preparation method of the impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and preheating the mold to 250-300 ℃ during casting in the second step.
6. The preparation method of the impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature for heat preservation and standing is 700-720 ℃, and the time for heat preservation and standing is 10-20 min.
7. The preparation method of the impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the cylindrical aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to high-temperature homogenization treatment at the temperature of 450-460 ℃, and the homogenization treatment time is 16-24 h.
8. The preparation method of the impact-resistant high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the extrusion temperature of the hot extrusion shearing forming is 450-470 ℃, the extrusion shearing rate is 5-8 m/min, the extrusion shearing pressure is 3500-4500 tons, and the extrusion ratio is 12.25.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114540675A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-27 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | High-performance wrought aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115233054A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-25 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Impact-resistant aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115233021A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-10-25 | 日铭电脑配件(上海)有限公司 | Preparation method of regenerated aluminum alloy and prepared aluminum alloy |
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| CN110669967A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-01-10 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Rapid-extrusion high-strength wrought aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN111101033A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-05 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Low-alloying aluminum alloy and multistage heat treatment strengthening process thereof |
| WO2020148140A1 (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-23 | Aleris Rolled Products Germany Gmbh | 7xxx-series aluminium alloy product |
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| US20180245190A1 (en) * | 2015-09-03 | 2018-08-30 | Questek Innovations Llc | Aluminum alloys |
| WO2020148140A1 (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-23 | Aleris Rolled Products Germany Gmbh | 7xxx-series aluminium alloy product |
| CN110669967A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-01-10 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Rapid-extrusion high-strength wrought aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN111101033A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-05 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Low-alloying aluminum alloy and multistage heat treatment strengthening process thereof |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114540675A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-27 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | High-performance wrought aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115233054A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-25 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Impact-resistant aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115233021A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-10-25 | 日铭电脑配件(上海)有限公司 | Preparation method of regenerated aluminum alloy and prepared aluminum alloy |
| CN115233021B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2023-08-11 | 日铭电脑配件(上海)有限公司 | Preparation method of regenerated aluminum alloy and prepared aluminum alloy |
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Application publication date: 20211001 |