CN113462151B - Wear-resistant polymer composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Wear-resistant polymer composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113462151B
CN113462151B CN202110859743.4A CN202110859743A CN113462151B CN 113462151 B CN113462151 B CN 113462151B CN 202110859743 A CN202110859743 A CN 202110859743A CN 113462151 B CN113462151 B CN 113462151B
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wear
composite material
resistant
parts
screw extruder
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CN113462151A (en
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吴宏
陈静
郭少云
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Sichuan University
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Sichuan University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/35—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having also oxygen in the ring
    • C08K5/353—Five-membered rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K5/544—Silicon-containing compounds containing nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258—Velocity
    • B29C2948/9259—Angular velocity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92828—Raw material handling or dosing, e.g. active hopper or feeding device

Abstract

The invention provides a wear-resistant polymer composite material, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of polymer composite materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing the following materials in parts by weight: 70-99.7 parts of polymer resin, 0.3-30 parts of solid lubricant and 0.03-3 parts of coupling agent are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed material; then extruding and granulating the mixed material through a double-screw extruder to obtain mixed granules, and drying the mixed granules; and finally, extruding the mixed granules by a multistage stretching and extruding device to obtain the wear-resistant polymer composite material. The wear-resistant polymer composite material is prepared by using the specific coupling agent and the specific multistage stretching preparation method, the synergistic effect is exerted, and the wear resistance and the heat conductivity of the composite material are obviously improved. The wear-resistant polymer composite material prepared by the invention can be applied to the field of high-requirement wear-resistant parts and components, and has a good application scene.

Description

Wear-resistant polymer composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer composite materials, and particularly relates to a wear-resistant polymer composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The high polymer material has the advantages of light weight, easy processing, low cost and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, electronic and electric appliances, machinery, buildings, aerospace and the like. Compared with metal or ceramic materials, the high polymer material has poor tribological property and thermal conductivity, and when the friction load is large or the friction speed is high, on one hand, the pure polymer has large friction coefficient and serious abrasion, the energy loss caused by the large friction coefficient is large, and the parts can rapidly lose efficacy due to the serious abrasion; on the other hand, because the pure polymer has a low thermal conductivity, frictional heat cannot be dissipated in time, which may cause the softening failure of the polymer material or the failure due to accelerated aging process. Therefore, it is very important to improve the frictional wear and thermal conductivity of the polymer material by some reasonable methods.
Common polymer materials include High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), nylon 6(PA6), nylon 66(PA66), nylon 1212(PA1212) and Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPs), and generally have the advantages of high rigidity, strength, toughness, excellent chemical corrosion resistance and the like, so that the common polymer materials are widely applied to the fields of biological tissue engineering, electronic and electrical products, communication, automobiles, machinery, aerospace and the like. Because of the good mechanical property and self-lubricating property of the high polymer materials, the high polymer materials can be used as parts of human joints, mechanical transmission, braking and the like, and particularly can be used as oil-free lubrication transmission parts. However, with the development of science and technology, higher requirements are also put forward on the performance of materials, and the strength, frictional wear performance and heat conductivity of pure polymer materials are often difficult to meet the requirements of actual use conditions, so that early failure of mechanical parts can be caused, and the mechanical parts need to be modified.
In the related art, in order to improve the tribological properties of polymers, a solid lubricating filler, such as graphite, graphene, molybdenum disulfide, or other inorganic mineral fillers, is generally added into a polymer matrix to improve the frictional wear properties of a polymer material, but there are many problems in the prior art, such as filler dispersion, weak interaction between the matrix and a filler interface, and the like. Therefore, the development of industry needs to develop a method for effectively increasing the dispersion degree of the filler and the interfacial interaction at a relatively high filler content, improving the frictional wear performance and the heat conductivity of the high polymer material, and prolonging the service life of mechanical parts.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a wear-resistant polymer composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof. Specifically, a specific coupling agent is selected, and the solid lubricating filler is uniformly dispersed in the group and highly oriented through a specific process, so that the wear resistance and the heat conductivity of the polymer composite material are synergistically improved, the surface friction temperature is reduced, and the service life of the composite material is prolonged.
The invention provides a preparation method of a wear-resistant polymer composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing the following materials in parts by weight: 70-99.7 parts of polymer resin, 0.3-30 parts of solid lubricant and 0.03-3 parts of coupling agent are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed material;
step 2: extruding and granulating the mixed material through a double-screw extruder to obtain mixed granules, and drying the mixed granules;
and step 3: and extruding the mixed granules by a multistage stretching and extruding device to obtain the wear-resistant polymer composite material.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step 1, the polymer resin is selected from one or more of high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate;
and/or in the step 1, the solid lubricant is selected from one or more of graphite, graphene, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide and zirconium phosphate;
and/or, in the step 1, the coupling agent is selected from one or more of 1, 3-bis (4, 5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl) benzene, 1, 4-bis (4, 5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl) benzene, titanate coupling agent and silane coupling agent.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in step 1, the polymer resin is selected from polyamide 6 or high density polyethylene;
and/or, in step 1, the solid lubricant is selected from graphite;
and/or, in step 1, the coupling agent is selected from 1, 3-bis (4, 5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl) benzene, 1, 4-bis (4, 5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl) benzene or a silane coupling agent.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step 2, the screw temperature of the double-screw extruder is 180-330 ℃;
and/or in the step 2, the rotating speed of a main machine of the double-screw extruder is 100-1000 rpm;
and/or in the step 2, the feeding rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is 10-100 rpm.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step 2, the screw temperature of the double-screw extruder is 190-260 ℃;
and/or in the step 2, the rotating speed of a main machine of the double-screw extruder is 400 rpm;
and/or in the step 2, the feeding rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is 50 rpm.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step 3, the multistage stretching extrusion device consists of a single-screw extruder, a connector, 1-9 multistage stretching layer multipliers and a cooling traction device;
preferably, the number of the multistage tensile layer multipliers is 9.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step 3, the method for extruding the mixed granules by the multistage stretching extrusion device is that the mixed granules are heated and plasticized by a single-screw extruder, then are sent into the multistage stretching layer multiplier by a connector, and are cooled and pulled out by a cooling and pulling device.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step 3, the temperature of a screw of the multistage stretching and extruding device is 180-330 ℃;
and/or the temperature of the multi-stage stretching layer multiplier opening die is 180-330 ℃;
and/or the rotation frequency of a screw of the multistage stretching and extruding device is 10-50 Hz;
preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the screw temperature of the multistage stretching extrusion device is 250 ℃;
and/or the temperature of the multi-stage stretching layer multiplier opening die is 230 ℃;
and/or the screw rotating frequency of the multistage stretching extrusion device is 30 Hz.
The invention also provides a wear-resistant polymer composite material which is prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also provides the application of the wear-resistant polymer composite material in preparing wear-resistant materials;
preferably, the wear-resistant material is a material used in the field of wear-resistant parts;
more preferably, the parts are gears, bearings and sliding rails.
The preparation method takes high polymers commonly used in the field of tribology as raw materials, such as High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), nylon 6(PA6), nylon 66(PA66), nylon 1212(PA1212), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and the like, and the wear-resistant high polymer composite material with uniform dispersion of the solid lubricating filler and high orientation degree is prepared by selecting a specific coupling agent and a specific method, so that the wear resistance of the composite material is obviously improved.
In the invention, a multistage stretching extrusion device is shown in figure 1 and comprises a single screw extruder (1-1), a connector (1-2), 1-9 layer multipliers (1-3) and a cooling traction device (1-4). The purpose of the "layer multiplier" is to disperse and orient the filler in the matrix by subjecting the polymer composite to multiple "melt-splitting-deforming-stacking" (fig. 2).
The wear-resistant polymer composite material is prepared by using the specific coupling agent and adopting a specific multistage stretching preparation method, and the preparation method has the advantages of simple process and simple and convenient operation. Meanwhile, the specific coupling agent and the specific multistage stretching preparation method play a role in synergy, so that the wear resistance and the heat conductivity of the composite material are obviously improved. The wear-resistant polymer composite material prepared by the invention can be applied to the field of high-requirement wear-resistant parts and components, and has a good application scene.
Obviously, many modifications, substitutions, and variations are possible in light of the above teachings of the invention, without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention, as defined by the following claims.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. This should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. All the technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multistage drawing and extruding apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the "melt-split-deform-stack" of the layer multiplier.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the wear conditions of the abrasion-resistant composite material of nylon 6 and nylon 6 in example 1 after the friction-wear tester is used in a linear reciprocating circular friction mode, wherein the ambient temperature is 22 + -3 deg.C, the humidity is 40-60%, the sliding stroke is 10mm, the diameter of the steel ball is 10mm, the positive pressure is 10N, the reciprocating frequency is 20Hz, and the friction time is 250 s.
Detailed Description
The raw materials and equipment used in the embodiment of the present invention are known products and obtained by purchasing commercially available products.
The amounts of the components used in the examples are given by mass.
Example 1 preparation of a Nylon 6 abrasion-resistant composite and Performance test thereof
1. Preparation of nylon 6 wear-resistant composite material
(1) 700g of nylon 6 resin powder, 300g of graphite and 3g of 1, 3-bis (4, 5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl) benzene as a coupling agent were put into a high-speed stirrer and mixed for 3 min.
(2) And putting the mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, extruding and granulating at the screw temperature of 260 ℃, the host rotation speed of 400rpm and the feeding rotation speed of 50rpm, and drying the granulated particles in a 100 ℃ oven for 4 hours for later use.
(3) And (3) putting the dried granules into a multistage stretching extrusion device (shown in figure 1) to extrude the sheet material. The screw temperature is 250 ℃, the mouth die temperature of the multi-stage stretching layer multiplier is 230 ℃, the rotation frequency of the screw is 30Hz, and the number of the layer multipliers is 9.
2. Results of Performance testing
The extruded sheet was tested for tribological and thermal conductivity properties, with tribological properties being tested according to ASTM-G133 standard and thermal conductivity being tested according to ASTM-E1461 standard. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results for Nylon 6 abrasion resistant composites
Test items Pure nylon 6 Nylon 6 wear-resistant composite material
Coefficient of friction 0.673±0.087 0.330±0.034
Rate of wear 12.37*10-4mm3/N*m 2.22*10-4mm3/N*m
Thermal conductivity (In-Plane) 0.28±0.001W/m*K 2.96±0.039W/m*K
Maximum friction temperature of surface 109.8℃ 43.5℃
As can be seen from Table 1: compared with pure nylon 6, the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the nylon 6 wear-resistant composite material prepared by the invention are obviously reduced, and simultaneously, the heat-conducting property of the nylon 6 wear-resistant composite material prepared by the invention is obviously improved, and the highest friction temperature on the surface is reduced. The wear-resisting property and the heat-conducting property of the nylon 6 wear-resisting composite material prepared by the invention are obviously improved.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the wear conditions of a pure nylon 6 (left side) and a nylon 6 wear-resistant composite material (right side) after a friction and wear tester performs a linear reciprocating circular friction mode, wherein the ambient temperature is 22 +/-3 ℃, the humidity is 40-60%, the sliding stroke is 10mm, the diameter of a steel ball is 10mm, the positive pressure is 10N, the reciprocating frequency is 20Hz, and the friction time is 250 s. As can be seen from fig. 3: after the nylon 6 composite material prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is subjected to a friction test, the width of a grinding crack is obviously narrowed, and the wear resistance of the nylon 6 composite material prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is obviously improved.
Example 2 preparation of a high-density polyethylene abrasion-resistant composite and Performance testing thereof
1. Preparation of high-density polyethylene wear-resistant composite material
(1) 980g of high-density polyethylene resin, 20g of graphene and 0.2g of coupling agent KH550 are added into a high-speed stirrer and stirred and mixed for 3 min.
(2) And putting the mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, extruding and granulating at the screw temperature of 190 ℃, the host rotation speed of 400rpm and the feeding rotation speed of 50rpm, and drying the granulated particles in a 60 ℃ oven for 4 hours for later use.
(3) And putting the dried granules into a multistage stretching extrusion device to extrude sheets, thus obtaining the composite material. The screw temperature is 190 ℃, the temperature of the mouth die of the multi-stage stretching layer multiplier is 180 ℃, the rotation frequency of the screw is 30Hz, and the number of the layer multipliers is 9.
2. Results of Performance testing
The extruded sheet was tested for tribological and thermal conductivity properties, with tribological properties being tested according to ASTM-G133 standard and thermal conductivity being tested according to ASTM-E1461 standard. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Performance test results for High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) abrasion resistant composites
Test items Pure HDPE HDPE wear-resistant composite material
Coefficient of friction 0.11±0.056 0.05±0.032
Rate of wear 6.42*10-5mm3/N*m 2.11*10-5mm3/N*m
Thermal conductivity (In-Plane) 0.33±0.021W/m*K 2.01±0.013W/m*K
Maximum friction temperature of surface 98.5℃ 41.3℃
As can be seen from Table 2: compared with pure HDPE, the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the high-density polyethylene wear-resistant composite material prepared by the invention are obviously reduced, and meanwhile, the heat-conducting property of the high-density polyethylene wear-resistant composite material prepared by the invention is obviously improved, and the highest friction temperature on the surface is reduced. The wear resistance and the heat conductivity of the high-density polyethylene wear-resistant composite material prepared by the invention are obviously improved.
Comparative example 1 Effect of the preparation method on abrasion-resistant composite Material
1. Preparation of composite materials
(1) 700g of nylon 6 resin powder and 300g of graphite powder are added into a high-speed stirrer to be stirred and mixed for 3 min.
(2) And putting the mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, extruding and granulating at the screw temperature of 260 ℃, the host rotation speed of 400rpm and the feeding rotation speed of 50rpm, and drying the granulated particles in a 100 ℃ oven for 4 hours for later use.
(3) And putting the dried granules into a multistage stretching extrusion device to extrude sheets, thus obtaining the composite material. The screw temperature is 250 ℃, the temperature of the mouth die of the multi-stage stretching layer multiplier is 230 ℃, the screw rotation frequency is 30Hz, and the number of the layer multipliers of the two groups of samples is 1 and 9 respectively.
2. Results of Performance testing
The extruded sheet was tested for tribological and thermal conductivity properties, with tribological properties being tested according to ASTM-G133 standard and thermal conductivity being tested according to ASTM-E1461 standard. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Performance test results for Nylon 6 abrasion resistant composites
Figure BDA0003185278200000061
As can be seen from Table 3: compared with a sample prepared from a 1-layer multiplier neck mold, the sample prepared from a 9-layer multiplier neck mold has the advantages that the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the wear-resistant composite material are obviously reduced, meanwhile, the heat conductivity coefficient is obviously improved, and the highest friction temperature on the surface is reduced. The abrasion resistance and the heat conductivity of the nylon 6 abrasion-resistant composite material prepared by the specific 9-layer multiplier die are obviously improved.
Meanwhile, compared with the nylon 6 wear-resistant composite material prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention, the wear-resistant performance and the heat-conducting performance of a sample prepared by the 9-layer multiplier are poorer, which shows that the invention adds a specific coupling agent and adopts a specific preparation process to play a role in synergy, and the wear-resistant performance and the heat-conducting performance of the composite material are obviously improved.
Comparative example 2 Effect of coupling agent on the Properties of abrasion-resistant composite
1. Preparation of composite materials
Preparation of sample 1:
(1) 700g of nylon 6 resin powder and 300g of graphite powder are added into a high-speed stirrer to be stirred and mixed for 3 min.
(2) And putting the mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, extruding and granulating at the screw temperature of 260 ℃, the host rotation speed of 400rpm and the feeding rotation speed of 50rpm, and drying the granulated particles in a 100 ℃ oven for 4 hours for later use.
(3) And putting the dried granules into a single-screw extruder to extrude the granules into sheets, thus obtaining the finished product. The screw temperature was 250 ℃, the die temperature was 230 ℃ and the screw rotation frequency was 30 Hz.
Preparation of sample 2:
(1) 700g of nylon 6 resin powder, 300g of graphite and 3g of 1, 3-bis (4, 5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl) benzene as a coupling agent were put into a high-speed stirrer and mixed for 3 min.
(2) And putting the mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, extruding and granulating at the screw temperature of 260 ℃, the host rotation speed of 400rpm and the feeding rotation speed of 50rpm, and drying the granulated particles in a 100 ℃ oven for 4 hours for later use.
(3) And (3) putting the dried granules into a single-screw extruder to extrude the granules into sheets, thus obtaining the finished product. The screw temperature was 250 ℃, the die temperature was 230 ℃ and the screw rotation frequency was 30 Hz.
2. Results of Performance testing
The extruded sheet was tested for tribological and thermal conductivity properties, with tribological properties being tested according to ASTM-G133 standard and thermal conductivity being tested according to ASTM-E1461 standard. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Performance test results for Nylon 6 abrasion resistant composites
Test items Sample 1 Sample 2
Coefficient of friction 0.481±0.020 0.361±0.013
Rate of wear 7.83*10-4mm3/N*m 5.76*10-4mm3/N*m
Thermal conductivity (In-Plane) 0.60±0.031W/m*K 1.01±0.031W/m*K
Maximum friction temperature of surface 67.4℃ 58.3℃
As can be seen from Table 4: compared with the sample 1 without the coupling agent, the sample 2 prepared by adding the coupling agent has the advantages of obviously reduced friction coefficient and wear rate, improved heat conductivity and reduced surface maximum friction temperature. The abrasion resistance and the heat conductivity of the nylon 6 abrasion-resistant composite material prepared by the specific coupling agent are obviously improved.
Meanwhile, compared with the nylon 6 wear-resistant composite material prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention, the wear-resistant performance and the heat-conducting performance of the sample 2 (which is not subjected to multi-stage stretching and extrusion) are poorer, which shows that the invention adds a specific coupling agent and adopts a specific preparation process to play a role in synergy, and the wear-resistant performance and the heat-conducting performance of the composite material are obviously improved.
In conclusion, the wear-resistant polymer composite material is prepared by using the specific coupling agent and the specific multistage stretching preparation method, and the preparation method has the advantages of simple process and simple and convenient operation. Meanwhile, the specific coupling agent and the specific multistage stretching preparation method play a role in synergy, so that the wear resistance and the heat conductivity of the composite material are obviously improved. The wear-resistant polymer composite material prepared by the invention can be applied to the field of high-requirement wear-resistant parts and components, and has a good application scene.

Claims (13)

1. A preparation method of a wear-resistant polymer composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing the following materials in parts by weight: 70-99.7 parts of polymer resin, 0.3-30 parts of solid lubricant and 0.03-3 parts of coupling agent are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed material;
step 2: extruding and granulating the mixed material through a double-screw extruder to obtain mixed granules, and drying the mixed granules;
and step 3: extruding the mixed granules by a multistage stretching and extruding device to obtain the wear-resistant polymer composite material;
in step 1, the coupling agent is selected from 1, 3-bis (4, 5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl) benzene, 1, 4-bis (4, 5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl) benzene;
in the step 3, the multistage stretching extrusion device consists of a single-screw extruder, a connector, 1-9 multistage stretching layer multipliers and a cooling traction device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step 1, the polymer resin is selected from one or more of high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate;
and/or in the step 1, the solid lubricant is selected from one or more of graphite, graphene, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide and zirconium phosphate.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
in step 1, the polymer resin is selected from polyamide 6 or high density polyethylene;
and/or, in step 1, the solid lubricant is selected from graphite.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step 2, the screw temperature of the double-screw extruder is 180-330 ℃;
and/or in the step 2, the rotating speed of a main machine of the double-screw extruder is 100-1000 rpm;
and/or in the step 2, the feeding rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is 10-100 rpm.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
in the step 2, the screw temperature of the double-screw extruder is 190-260 ℃;
and/or in the step 2, the rotating speed of a main machine of the double-screw extruder is 400 rpm;
and/or in the step 2, the feeding rotating speed of the double-screw extruder is 50 rpm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in step 3, the number of the multistage tensile layer multipliers is 9.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step 3, the method for extruding the mixed granules by the multistage stretching extrusion device is that the mixed granules are heated and plasticized by a single-screw extruder, then are sent into the multistage stretching layer multiplier by a connector, and are cooled and pulled out by a cooling and pulling device.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
in the step 3, the temperature of a screw of the multistage stretching and extruding device is 180-330 ℃;
and/or the temperature of the multi-stage stretching layer multiplier opening die is 180-330 ℃;
and/or the rotation frequency of the screw of the multistage stretching and extruding device is 10-50 Hz.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
in the step 3, the temperature of the screw of the multistage stretching and extruding device is 250 ℃;
and/or the temperature of the multi-stage stretching layer multiplier opening die is 230 ℃;
and/or the screw rotating frequency of the multistage stretching extrusion device is 30 Hz.
10. A wear-resistant polymer composite material is characterized in that: the compound is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. Use of the wear resistant polymeric composite of claim 10 in the preparation of a wear resistant material.
12. Use according to claim 11, characterized in that: the wear-resistant material is used in the field of wear-resistant parts.
13. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that: the parts are gears, bearings and slide rails.
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