CN113459613A - 一种用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊 - Google Patents

一种用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊 Download PDF

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CN113459613A
CN113459613A CN202110385772.1A CN202110385772A CN113459613A CN 113459613 A CN113459613 A CN 113459613A CN 202110385772 A CN202110385772 A CN 202110385772A CN 113459613 A CN113459613 A CN 113459613A
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parts
deicing
mass
layer
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黄瑞民
陈建博
王野
张强
孟昭午
祁东东
房自力
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Kaidi Northwest Rubber Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊，依次包括外层胶、中层胶、复合骨架层、底布和底层胶，外层胶采用氯丁橡胶，中层胶采用天然橡胶和氯丁橡胶并用，复合骨架层包括面布、隔离布和气室底布，均采用高强尼龙织物材料经缝纫而成，面布和隔离布之间形成气道，气道通过气嘴连通气囊外部；底层胶采用低温型的氯丁橡胶，底布为尼龙材质，与机翼或尾翼的除冰区域粘合。本发明适用于涡浆飞机机翼、尾翼除冰，能够在低温条件下满足充放气除冰的工作要求。

Description

一种用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊
技术领域
本发明属于化工技术领域，涉及一种航空用除冰气囊。
背景技术
涡桨固定翼飞机由于飞行高度、速度的原因，其机翼和尾翼迎风面在飞行中易产生结冰而影响飞行安全。为了提高涡桨固定翼飞机的安全性，必须具备防除冰功能。涡桨固定翼飞机通常采用的除冰方式有三种：电除冰、化学除冰和气囊除冰。气囊除冰是时间短、功耗小的有效除冰方式之一。
除冰气囊最早由美国古德里奇公司研发并应用于军用的涡桨飞机上。古德里奇公司开展了在涡桨飞机上的应用的理论研究，该技术严禁对外转让。在欧洲，法国AERAZUR公司为了打破技术封锁，也对除冰气囊系统进行了多年研究，开发出了自有知识产权的除冰气囊系统和产品。两家公司拥有气囊除冰系统的相关专利，控制了全部气囊除冰系统的设计、生产和销售。
除冰气囊采用粘合剂与飞机机翼或尾翼牢固粘合在一起。气囊除冰的工作原理是在非结冰气象条件下，除冰气囊在迎风气流和引射真空的作用下，保持与机翼或尾翼一致的气动外形，避免飞机气动外形的改变而影响正常飞行；在结冰气象条件下，除冰气囊通过快速充放气，使气囊外形发生改变，使冰层破裂，在迎风气流的作用下除去积冰，保证飞机飞行的安全。
国内的涡桨飞机配套的除冰气囊产品均为古德里奇和AERAZUR两家公司的民用产品，具体的产品设计、材料配方、制造工艺都对我国施行技术封锁，禁止转让。为了满足我国航空工业的发展需求，对抗国外制裁，满足新型号飞机和民用涡桨飞机的需求，亟需研制除冰气囊产品，以替代进口。
除冰气囊安装于飞机外部，要求外表面镜面；同时，除冰气囊长期暴露于高紫外线、高湿热及高低温等复杂环境下，外层胶料易出现老化、霉菌及磨损、腐蚀等现象，因此对外层胶料的耐天候老化及防护性有着很高的要求。目前国内普通氯丁橡胶混炼胶不能满足零下五十五度环境下的耐受和零下四十度环境下的弹性充气膨胀和收缩动作要求。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种橡胶除冰气囊，适用于涡浆飞机机翼、尾翼除冰，能够在低温条件下满足充放气除冰的工作要求。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊，依次包括外层胶、中层胶、复合骨架层、底布和底层胶。
所述的外层胶包括质量份数为100份的氯丁橡胶、10～15份的喷雾炭黑、10～15份的导电炭黑、3～5份的氧化锌、2～4份的氧化镁、1～2份的防老剂4010NA和3～7份二辛酸二缩三乙醇酯类的低温软化剂；所述的中层胶包括质量份数为70～80份的天然橡胶、20～30份的氯丁橡胶、15～20份的轻钙、4～5份的氧化锌、1～2份的促进剂DM、1～2份的硫磺、1～2份的防老剂MB和3～5份的古马龙；所述的复合骨架层包括面布、隔离布和气室底布，均采用高强尼龙织物材料经缝纫而成，面布和隔离布之间形成气道，气道通过气嘴连通气囊外部；所述的底层胶包括质量份数为100份的氯丁橡胶、10～15份的SRF炭黑、10～15份的导电炭黑、3～5份的氧化锌、2～4份的氧化镁和1～2份的防老剂2246；所述的底布为尼龙材质，与机翼或尾翼的除冰区域粘合。
所述的外层胶的制备步骤包括：
(1)将氯丁橡胶经过塑炼包辊，补强剂经过80目筛网过筛；
(2)按照所述比例配料；
(3)用开炼胶机按照氯丁橡胶、防老剂、喷雾炭黑和导电炭黑的顺序混炼，混炼温度控制在前辊50℃～65℃，后辊44℃～50℃，混炼时间32±2分钟；
(4)将混合后的胶料经双层叠加的100/60目筛网过滤；
(5)用开炼机加入氧化锌和氧化镁，再经薄通、下片、冷却制成混炼胶。
所述的中层胶的制备步骤包括：
(1)将天然橡胶经两段塑炼再与氯丁橡胶混合热炼包辊，补强剂经过80目筛网过筛；
(2)按照所述的比例配料；
(3)用开炼胶机按照天然橡胶和氯丁橡胶、氧化锌、促进剂、防老剂、轻钙、古马龙的顺序混炼，混炼温度控制在前辊50℃～65℃，后辊44℃～50℃，混炼时间30±2分钟；
(4)将混合后的胶料经双层叠加的120/60目筛网过滤；
(5)用开炼机加入硫磺，再经薄通、下片、冷却制成混炼胶。
所述的底层胶的制备步骤包括：
(1)将氯丁橡胶经过塑炼包辊，补强剂经过80目筛网过筛；
(2)按照所述的比例配料；
(3)用开炼胶机按照氯丁橡胶、防老剂、SRF炭黑和导电炭黑的顺序混炼，混炼温度控制在前辊50℃～65℃，后辊44℃～50℃，混炼时间32±2分钟；
(4)将混合后的胶料经双层叠加的100/60目筛网过滤；
(5)用开炼机加入氧化锌、氧化镁，再经薄通、下片、冷却制成混炼胶。
所述的面布为经编结构，所述的隔离布和底布为经纬交织结构。
所述的气道为若干并行且端部连通的中空结构。
所述的气嘴伸入机翼内部，连通气管。
所述的除冰气囊的外形与飞机机翼或尾翼除冰区域吻合，总厚度为2.2～2.6mm，外形为长条梯形，覆盖在机翼或尾翼前缘，沿着机翼或尾翼的翼展方向逐渐收窄。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)设计实现以氯丁橡胶为主体的耐低温型混炼胶，通过优选耐低温性的氯丁橡胶作为主体材料，选用添加耐低温、曲挠性好的二辛酸二缩三乙醇酯类的软化剂、补强剂、防老剂、等经科学配合，使面胶层耐低温性能达到环境要求。由于氯丁橡胶的分子结构规整，分子链中含有氯原子极性基团，分子间作用力大，分子结构不易受大气中的热、氧、光的作用，采用合理配合剂体系后，制成的混炼胶具有在通用橡胶中优良的低温、耐老化性能和加工工艺性能，特别是耐候、耐臭氧性能仅次于乙丙和丁基橡胶。
(2)通过对除冰气囊结构和各层间功能性设计，使除冰气囊具有高安全性、高可靠性的充气弹性膨胀和引射真空回缩的性能，能够满足机翼或尾翼除冰功能，填补了气囊除冰系统关键部件--除冰气囊产品的国产化空白，解除了国外对国内多年的技术封锁。
附图说明
图1是本发明的断面结构示意图；
图2是本发明的外形示意图；
图3是本发明的除冰气囊制造工艺流程图；
图中，1-面胶层，2-中胶层，3-面布层，4-缝纫线，5-隔离布，6-气室底布，7-底布层，8-底胶层，9-气嘴。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明，本发明包括但不仅限于下述实施例。
本发明提供一种应用在涡桨固定翼飞机机翼或尾翼结冰时除冰用的橡胶除冰气囊，公开了橡胶除冰气囊产品结构、骨架材料、面胶层、中胶层和底布胶层的配方以及产品的制造工艺方法和工艺流程等。
除冰气囊的外形与飞机机翼或尾翼除冰区域吻合，总厚度为2.2～2.6mm，外形为长条梯形，覆盖在机翼或尾翼前缘，沿着机翼或尾翼的翼展方向逐渐收窄，内部分布有复合骨架层且具有可充气膨胀的气道，所述的气道为并行且端部连通的结构。
除冰气囊断面结构如图1所示，包括外层胶、中层胶、复合骨架层、底布、底层胶及气嘴，气嘴粘合在气囊的底胶层上并伸入机翼内部连通气管。
所述的复合骨架层是由面布、隔离布和气室底布经缝纫而成的复合结构，骨架材料为高强尼龙织物材料，面布为经编结构，隔离布、底布为经纬交织结构。
所述的气嘴是与气道壁粘合在一起的复合结构，保障气道内气体的进入和排出。
所述的气道位于复合骨架层的面布和隔离布之间。
所述的底布为尼龙材质，外表面经涂胶、压延内层橡胶形成与机翼、尾翼的粘合过渡。
所述的外层胶采用耐天候老化性能稳定、低温型的氯丁橡胶(w型)，硫化剂采用氧化锌、氧化镁，补强剂采用喷雾和导电炭黑，防老剂选用耐紫外线和天候老化优良防老剂4010NA，具体组分包括质量份数为100份的氯丁橡胶、10～15份的喷雾炭黑、10～15份的导电炭黑、3～5份的氧化锌、2～4份的氧化镁和1～2份的防老剂4010NA、3～7份二辛酸二缩三乙醇酯类的低温软化剂。
所述的外层胶的制备步骤包括：
(1)塑炼及配合剂加工：氯丁橡胶经过塑炼包辊，补强剂经过80目筛网过筛；
(2)配合：按上述的比例配料；
(3)混炼：用开炼胶机按照胶料、防老剂、补强剂顺序混炼，混炼温度控制在前辊50℃～65℃，后辊44℃～50℃，混炼时间32±2分钟；
(4)过滤：经以上工序混合后的胶料再经双层叠加的100/60目过滤；
(5)下片：用开炼机加入硫化剂，再经薄通、下片、冷却制成混炼胶；
所述的中层胶采用天然橡胶和氯丁橡胶并用，具体组分包括质量份数为70～80份的天然橡胶、20～30份的氯丁橡胶、15～20份的轻钙、4～5份的氧化锌、1～2份的促进剂DM、1～2份的硫磺、1～2份的防老剂MB和3～5份的古马龙。
所述的中层胶的制备步骤包括：
(1)塑炼及配合剂加工：天然橡胶经两段塑炼再与氯丁橡胶混合热炼包辊，补强剂须经过80目筛网过筛；
(2)配合：按上述的比例配料；
(3)混炼：用开炼胶机按照胶料、氧化锌、促进剂、防老剂、补强剂(轻钙)、古马龙顺序混炼，混炼温度控制在前辊50℃～65℃，后辊44℃～50℃，混炼时间30±2分钟；
(4)过滤：经以上工序混合后的胶料再经双层叠加的120/60目过滤；
(5)下片：用开炼机加入硫化剂，再经薄通、下片、冷却制成混炼胶；
所述的底层胶采用低温型的氯丁橡胶(w型)，硫化剂采用氧化锌、氧化镁，补强剂采用SRF炭黑和导电炭黑、防老剂2246，具体组分包括质量份数为100份的氯丁橡胶、10～15份的SRF炭黑、10～15份的导电炭黑、3～5份的氧化锌、2～4份的氧化镁和1～2份的防老剂2246。
所述的底层胶的制备步骤包括：
(1)塑炼及配合剂加工：氯丁橡胶须经过塑炼包辊，补强剂须经过80目筛网过筛；
(2)配合：按上述的比例配料；
(3)混炼：用开炼胶机按照胶料、活性剂(氧化锌、氧化镁)、防老剂、补强剂顺序混炼，混炼温度控制在前辊50℃～65℃，后辊44℃～50℃，混炼时间32±2分钟；
(4)过滤：经以上工序混合后的胶料再经双层叠加的100/60目过滤；
(5)下片：用开炼机加入硫化剂，再经薄通、下片、冷却制成混炼胶；
除冰气囊总厚度仅有2.2～2.6mm左右，由多层胶、多层布组成，每层胶厚度0.15～0.2mm。气囊内部由多层骨架织物：包括气室面布、隔离布、气室底布及底层针织布。底层针织织物用于气囊气室与飞机机翼或尾翼蒙皮粘接过渡。气室骨架结构由面层织物、中层隔离织物和下层织物按一定的多道平行气室线迹缝合而成。保证气囊充压膨胀及排气后的恢复性。金属气嘴通过包胶粘接于气囊底部，满足气囊进气、排气功能。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊，依次包括外层胶、中层胶、复合骨架层、底布和底层胶，其特征在于，所述的外层胶包括质量份数为100份的氯丁橡胶、10～15份的喷雾炭黑、10～15份的导电炭黑、3～5份的氧化锌、2～4份的氧化镁、1～2份的防老剂4010NA和3～7份二辛酸二缩三乙醇酯类的低温软化剂；所述的中层胶包括质量份数为70～80份的天然橡胶、20～30份的氯丁橡胶、15～20份的轻钙、4～5份的氧化锌、1～2份的促进剂DM、1～2份的硫磺、1～2份的防老剂MB和3～5份的古马龙；所述的复合骨架层包括面布、隔离布和气室底布，均采用高强尼龙织物材料经缝纫而成，面布和隔离布之间形成气道，气道通过气嘴连通气囊外部；所述的底层胶包括质量份数为100份的氯丁橡胶、10～15份的SRF炭黑、10～15份的导电炭黑、3～5份的氧化锌、2～4份的氧化镁和1～2份的防老剂2246；所述的底布为尼龙材质，与机翼或尾翼的除冰区域粘合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊，其特征在于，所述的外层胶的制备步骤包括：(1)将氯丁橡胶经过塑炼包辊，补强剂经过80目筛网过筛；(2)按照所述比例配料；(3)用开炼胶机按照氯丁橡胶、防老剂、喷雾炭黑和导电炭黑的顺序混炼，混炼温度控制在前辊50℃～65℃，后辊44℃～50℃，混炼时间32±2分钟；(4)将混合后的胶料经双层叠加的100/60目筛网过滤；(5)用开炼机加入氧化锌和氧化镁，再经薄通、下片、冷却制成混炼胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊，其特征在于，所述的中层胶的制备步骤包括：(1)将天然橡胶经两段塑炼再与氯丁橡胶混合热炼包辊，补强剂经过80目筛网过筛；(2)按照所述的比例配料；(3)用开炼胶机按照天然橡胶和氯丁橡胶、氧化锌、促进剂、防老剂、轻钙、古马龙的顺序混炼，混炼温度控制在前辊50℃～65℃，后辊44℃～50℃，混炼时间30±2分钟；(4)将混合后的胶料经双层叠加的120/60目筛网过滤；(5)用开炼机加入硫磺，再经薄通、下片、冷却制成混炼胶。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊，其特征在于，所述的底层胶的制备步骤包括：(1)将氯丁橡胶经过塑炼包辊，补强剂经过80目筛网过筛；(2)按照所述的比例配料；(3)用开炼胶机按照氯丁橡胶、防老剂、SRF炭黑和导电炭黑的顺序混炼，混炼温度控制在前辊50℃～65℃，后辊44℃～50℃，混炼时间32±2分钟；(4)将混合后的胶料经双层叠加的100/60目筛网过滤；(5)用开炼机加入氧化锌、氧化镁，再经薄通、下片、冷却制成混炼胶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊，其特征在于，所述的面布为经编结构，所述的隔离布和底布为经纬交织结构。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊，其特征在于，所述的气道为若干并行且端部连通的中空结构。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊，其特征在于，所述的气嘴伸入机翼内部，连通气管。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于涡桨飞机的橡胶除冰气囊，其特征在于，所述的除冰气囊的外形与飞机机翼或尾翼除冰区域吻合，总厚度为2.2～2.6mm，外形为长条梯形，覆盖在机翼或尾翼前缘，沿着机翼或尾翼的翼展方向逐渐收窄。
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