CN109159518A - 一种航空飞行器用复合板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种航空飞行器用复合板，包括芯层和设置在芯层外侧的包裹层，所述包裹层为有机硅树脂层或聚四氟乙烯树脂层，所述芯层包括与包裹层一侧内壁相连的第一碳纤维层、与包裹层另一侧内壁相连的第二碳纤维层，所述第一碳纤维层与第一聚酰亚胺树脂层相连，所述第二碳纤维层与第二聚酰亚胺树脂层相连，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层之间设置有蜂窝层。本发明采用两侧对称结构，中间层为蜂窝层，最外侧为有机硅树脂层或聚四氟乙烯树脂层，包裹层和蜂窝层之间设置有碳纤维层和聚酰亚胺树脂层，不仅整体质量轻质化，而且，提高复合板的耐高温和耐低温性能，同时，提高耐环境性能，可满足不同的外界使用环境。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种航空飞行器用复合板。
背景技术
碳纤维（carbon fiber，简称CF）“外柔内刚”，质量比金属铝轻，但强度却高于钢铁，并且具有耐腐蚀、高模量的特性，在国防军工和民用方面都是重要材料。它不仅具有碳材料的固有本征特性，又兼备纺织纤维的柔软可加工性，是新一代增强纤维。
碳纤维是让大型民用飞机、汽车、高速列车等现代交通工具实现“轻量化”的完美材料，航空应用中对碳纤维的需求正在不断增多，新一代大型民用客机空客A380和波音787使用了约为50%的碳纤维复合材料，而波音777飞机利用碳纤维做结构材料，另外，波音787的机身也采用碳纤维，这使飞机飞得更快，油耗更低，同时能增加客舱湿度，让乘客更舒适。空客也在他们的飞机上使用了大量的碳纤维，碳纤维将被大量应用在新型客机A380上。这使飞机机体的结构重量减轻了20%，比同类飞机可节省20%的燃油，从而大幅降低了运行成本、减少二氧化碳排放。
碳纤维大量应用在航天飞行器的复合板（复合板是指具有不同功能的不同材料分层构成的板）领域，可以有效降低飞行器的重量，节约燃油，但是，在航空飞行器领域，由于使用环境的差异，复合板需要具备良好的耐高温和耐低温性能，需要优异的耐环境性能，而现有的复合板材料简单，无法满足上述需求。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种航空飞行器用复合板，通过结构改进，提高复合板的耐高温和耐低温性能，同时，提高耐环境性能，可满足不同的外界使用环境。
为实现上述技术目的，达到上述技术效果，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种航空飞行器用复合板，包括芯层和设置在芯层外侧的包裹层，所述包裹层为有机硅树脂层或聚四氟乙烯树脂层，所述芯层包括与包裹层一侧内壁相连的第一碳纤维层、与包裹层另一侧内壁相连的第二碳纤维层，所述第一碳纤维层与第一聚酰亚胺树脂层相连，所述第二碳纤维层与第二聚酰亚胺树脂层相连，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层之间设置有蜂窝层。
优选，所述第一碳纤维层和第二碳纤维层的结构和形状均相同，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层的结构和形状均相同。
优选，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层的原材料的质量份数为：
聚酰亚胺树脂：90-95份；
黏土：2-5份；
聚四氟乙烯：2-4份。
优选，当包裹层为有机硅树脂层时，所述有机硅树脂层的原材料的质量份数为：
硼酸：1-1.8份；
正硅酸乙酯：5-8份；
甲基硅树脂：40-50份。
优选，当包裹层为聚四氟乙烯树脂层时，所述聚四氟乙烯树脂层的原材料的质量份数为：
聚四氟乙烯树脂：20-25份；
碳纤维：2-3份；
无碱玻璃：0.5-1份。
优选，所述蜂窝层的制备方法为：
S1、将蜂窝纸制成设定厚度和高度的等边六边形；
S2、放入酚醛树脂胶液中浸泡60-80分钟；
S3、取出并干燥固化。
优选，所述蜂窝纸由对苯二甲酸和对苯二胺制备而成。
优选，所述第一碳纤维层和第二碳纤维层的厚度为1-2mm，蜂窝层的厚度为1.8-3mm。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明采用两侧对称结构，中间层为蜂窝层，最外侧为有机硅树脂层或聚四氟乙烯树脂层，包裹层和蜂窝层之间设置有碳纤维层和聚酰亚胺树脂层，不仅整体质量轻质化，而且，提高复合板的耐高温和耐低温性能，同时，提高耐环境性能，可满足不同的外界使用环境。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种航空飞行器用复合板的横截面结构示意图；
附图的标记含义如下：
1：包裹层；2：第一碳纤维层；3：第一聚酰亚胺树脂层；4：蜂窝层；5：第二聚酰亚胺树脂层；6：第二碳纤维层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步的详细描述，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好的理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
一种航空飞行器用复合板，如图1所示，包括芯层和设置在芯层外侧的包裹层1，所述包裹层1为有机硅树脂层或聚四氟乙烯树脂层，所述芯层包括与包裹层1一侧（图1中的上侧）内壁相连的第一碳纤维层2、与包裹层1另一侧（图1中的下侧）内壁相连的第二碳纤维层6，所述第一碳纤维层2与第一聚酰亚胺树脂层3相连，所述第二碳纤维层6与第二聚酰亚胺树脂层5相连，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层3和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层5之间设置有蜂窝层4。
优选，复合板采用对称结构，即所述第一碳纤维层2和第二碳纤维层6的结构和形状均相同，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层3和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层5的结构和形状均相同，下面进行详细介绍。
其中，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层3和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层5的原材料的质量份数为：
聚酰亚胺树脂：90-95份；
黏土：2-5份；
聚四氟乙烯：2-4份。
加入黏土和聚四氟乙烯可以有效提高聚酰亚胺树脂层的高低温稳定性和吸湿率，具有很高的耐辐照性能，耐高温达420℃以上且可耐极低温度，长期使用温度范围为-230～360℃，具有优异的耐环境性能。
第一碳纤维层2和第二碳纤维层6可以在碳纤维中加入少量的炭黑，提高碳纤维层的结构度，第一碳纤维层2和第二碳纤维层6的厚度一般为1-2mm之间。
对于最外侧的包裹层1，当包裹层1为有机硅树脂层时，所述有机硅树脂层的原材料的质量份数为：
硼酸：1-1.8份；
正硅酸乙酯：5-8份；
甲基硅树脂：40-50份。
有机硅树脂（也称为聚硅氧烷）是一类由硅原子和氧原子交替连结组成骨架，不同的有机基团再与硅原子连结的聚合物的统称。有机硅树脂结构中既含有“有机基团”，又含有“无机结构”，这种特殊的组成和分子结构使它集有机物特性与无机物功能于一身。本发明制备的有机硅树脂层加入硼酸可以大大提高有机硅树脂层的耐热性能，加入正硅酸乙酯可以缩短凝胶时间，提高制备效率，具备良好的耐热性和耐潮湿性。
当包裹层1为聚四氟乙烯树脂层时，所述聚四氟乙烯树脂层的原材料的质量份数为：
聚四氟乙烯树脂：20-25份；
碳纤维：2-3份；
无碱玻璃：0.5-1份。
聚四氟乙烯（PTFE），具有抗酸抗碱、抗各种有机溶剂的特点，几乎不溶于所有的溶剂，在聚四氟乙烯树脂中加入碳纤维和无碱玻璃可以提高聚四氟乙烯树脂层的综合性能，大大提高耐磨性能和耐低温性能。
所述蜂窝层4的制备方法为：
S1、将蜂窝纸制成设定厚度和高度的等边六边形，优选，蜂窝纸由对苯二甲酸和对苯二胺制备而成；
S2、放入酚醛树脂胶液中浸泡60-80分钟；
S3、取出并干燥固化。
蜂窝层4的厚度最好为1.8-3mm，本发明制备的蜂窝层4具有优异的耐温性能、抗疲劳和抗化学腐蚀性能。
本发明采用两侧对称结构，中间层为蜂窝层4，最外侧为有机硅树脂层或聚四氟乙烯树脂层，包裹层1和蜂窝层4之间设置有碳纤维层和聚酰亚胺树脂层，不仅整体质量轻质化，而且，提高复合板的耐高温和耐低温性能，同时，提高耐环境性能，可满足不同的外界使用环境。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或者等效流程变换，或者直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种航空飞行器用复合板，包括芯层和设置在芯层外侧的包裹层（1），其特征在于，所述包裹层（1）为有机硅树脂层或聚四氟乙烯树脂层，所述芯层包括与包裹层（1）一侧内壁相连的第一碳纤维层（2）、与包裹层（1）另一侧内壁相连的第二碳纤维层（6），所述第一碳纤维层（2）与第一聚酰亚胺树脂层（3）相连，所述第二碳纤维层（6）与第二聚酰亚胺树脂层（5）相连，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层（3）和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层（5）之间设置有蜂窝层（4）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种航空飞行器用复合板，其特征在于，所述第一碳纤维层（2）和第二碳纤维层（6）的结构和形状均相同，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层（3）和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层（5）的结构和形状均相同。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种航空飞行器用复合板，其特征在于，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层（3）和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层（5）的原材料的质量份数为：
聚酰亚胺树脂：90-95份；
黏土：2-5份；
聚四氟乙烯：2-4份。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种航空飞行器用复合板，其特征在于，当包裹层（1）为有机硅树脂层时，所述有机硅树脂层的原材料的质量份数为：
硼酸：1-1.8份；
正硅酸乙酯：5-8份；
甲基硅树脂：40-50份。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种航空飞行器用复合板，其特征在于，当包裹层（1）为聚四氟乙烯树脂层时，所述聚四氟乙烯树脂层的原材料的质量份数为：
聚四氟乙烯树脂：20-25份；
碳纤维：2-3份；
无碱玻璃：0.5-1份。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的一种航空飞行器用复合板，其特征在于，所述蜂窝层（4）的制备方法为：
S1、将蜂窝纸制成设定厚度和高度的等边六边形；
S2、放入酚醛树脂胶液中浸泡60-80分钟；
S3、取出并干燥固化。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种航空飞行器用复合板，其特征在于，所述蜂窝纸由对苯二甲酸和对苯二胺制备而成。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种航空飞行器用复合板，其特征在于，所述第一碳纤维层（2）和第二碳纤维层（6）的厚度为1-2mm，蜂窝层（4）的厚度为1.8-3mm。
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