CN113458123A - Kitchen waste pretreatment system and method - Google Patents

Kitchen waste pretreatment system and method Download PDF

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CN113458123A
CN113458123A CN202110846314.3A CN202110846314A CN113458123A CN 113458123 A CN113458123 A CN 113458123A CN 202110846314 A CN202110846314 A CN 202110846314A CN 113458123 A CN113458123 A CN 113458123A
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kitchen waste
pulping
pretreatment system
waste pretreatment
slurry
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CN113458123B (en
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毛勇位
仲跻胜
隋洪志
安倩
刘兆明
彭子锐
李晓磊
喻武
彭连成
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China National Environmental Protection Group Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a kitchen waste pretreatment system and a method. The system comprises: the pulping machine comprises a pulping cavity, a rotor arranged in the pulping cavity, a kitchen garbage inlet and a slag discharge port which are arranged on the wall of the pulping cavity, and a sieve plate arranged at an opening at the bottom of the pulping cavity, wherein a liquid discharge port is arranged below the sieve plate; the sand removing system is communicated with a liquid outlet of the slurrying machine; the sterilization device is communicated with a liquid outlet of the desanding system; and the two-phase centrifuge is communicated with the discharge hole of the sterilizing device and is used for separating the material from the sterilizing device into a liquid phase and a solid phase. The kitchen waste pretreatment system can realize high-precision separation of organic matters and impurities; the yield of the biological anaerobic degradation product is high, and the recycling rate of the kitchen waste is high; the purity of the liquid phase is high, which is beneficial to the stability of a subsequent anaerobic system; the operation cost is low, and a key technical support is provided for the full resource utilization of the kitchen garbage.

Description

Kitchen waste pretreatment system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a kitchen garbage pretreatment system and method.
Background
At present, apart from two major harmless treatment processes of landfill and incineration, biochemical treatment and resource utilization are mainly used for independently treating kitchen garbage, and the biochemical treatment mainly comprises two major treatment processes of anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting. Compared with the traditional aerobic composting process, the anaerobic digestion is carried out in a closed environment, the environmental influence is relatively small, and the anaerobic digestion has great advantages on the influence of the surrounding environment and the utilization of the final product, thereby representing the mainstream development direction at present.
Since the anaerobic digestion technology only works on organic matter, and the kitchen waste is a mixture of organic matter and non-biodegradable impurities, a kitchen waste pretreatment system needs to be configured to separate the organic matter from the non-biodegradable materials affecting the anaerobic digestion treatment. Current pretreatment technologies are classified into mechanical sorting and mechanical pulping technologies.
Mechanical sorting generally employs various screening devices, which assume that organic matters in organic garbage conform to a particle size distribution rule, and organic components can be sorted out by screening. But has the following disadvantages: (1) in principle, organic matters in the garbage do not accord with the size rule, only the sorting significance on probability is achieved, and the grain size sorting inevitably causes great loss of the organic matters; (2) the bagged garbage must be broken; (3) the sorted and rejected materials are still garbage, and the garbage treatment is also needed, so the reduction rate is low.
Mechanical pulping generally adopts crushing pulping or squeezing pulping, organic matters are crushed by mechanical force and then are separated by a sieve plate. But has the following disadvantages: (1) the crushing pulping can cause a large amount of impurities to be crushed together and enter the pulp, and the subsequent impurity removal is difficult; (2) organic matters in the squeezed pulp are adhered and taken away by impurities, and the recovery rate of the organic matters is extremely low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a kitchen waste pretreatment system and method, which can realize high-precision separation of organic matters and impurities, facilitate full resource utilization of waste components and have low operation cost.
Specifically, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a kitchen waste pretreatment system comprising:
the pulping machine comprises a pulping cavity, a rotor arranged in the pulping cavity, a kitchen garbage inlet and a slag discharge port which are arranged on the wall of the pulping cavity, and a sieve plate arranged at an opening at the bottom of the pulping cavity, wherein a liquid discharge port is arranged below the sieve plate;
the sand removing system is communicated with a liquid outlet of the slurrying machine;
the sterilization device is communicated with a liquid outlet of the desanding system;
and the two-phase centrifuge is communicated with the discharge hole of the sterilization device and is used for separating the material from the sterilization device into a liquid phase and a solid phase.
According to the pulping machine, the garbage flow forms an eddy field through the rotor, and within 3-5 minutes, organic garbage can be decomposed into organic matter slurry and residues such as fibers, plastics, fabrics and inert substances. The separated slag can be directly incinerated after being dehydrated, and the separated organic slurry enters a sterilization device after fine, light and heavy impurities are removed by a desanding system, so that the disinfection, sterilization and deodorization of the kitchen garbage are realized. And (3) feeding the sterilized slurry into a two-phase centrifuge for solid-liquid separation, and carrying out solid phase transportation, wherein the liquid phase contains about 0.3% of grease, and the liquid phase can be directly fed into a rear-end anaerobic fermentation device without further grease separation because the anaerobic fermentation device such as a CSTR reactor has better tolerance capacity to the grease.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the rotor comprises a rotating shaft and a pulping blade spirally arranged on the rotating shaft, and the pulping blade is spirally rotated in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction from the bottom end to the top end of the rotating shaft and has a gradually decreasing diameter. More preferably, the rotor is vertically arranged above the sieve plate, and further preferably, a bottom knife is arranged at the joint of the rotor and the sieve plate.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the diameter ratio of the maximum spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the rotating shaft is 11-13: 1; and/or the ratio of the maximum spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the height of the rotating shaft is 0.8-1.2: 2. Therefore, kitchen waste flow is ensured to form a strong vortex field, and the tearing, rubbing and kneading effects formed by the differential speed among the flow layers of the vortex are utilized to achieve the effect of maximally decomposing objects in the waste into substance components and simultaneously reduce the abrasion and blockage of equipment.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the diameter of the sieve holes on the sieve plate is
Figure BDA0003180880590000031
Figure BDA0003180880590000032
Under the diameter of the sieve mesh, the high-precision separation of organic matters and impurities can be ensured, and the full resource utilization of garbage components is facilitated.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the slurry machine includes an annular water spray pipe, and the annular water spray pipe is disposed at the top inside the slurry cavity. The annular water spraying pipe can be used for adjusting the solid content of garbage, and simultaneously can clean slag after slurrying treatment, so that organic matters adhered to the slag are further recovered.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the slurry machine comprises a slurry baffle plate, and the slurry baffle plate is arranged on the inner wall of the slurry cavity, so that wet waste vortexes can be effectively destroyed, the decomposition speed is accelerated, the decomposition time is shortened, and the abrasion of the tank body is reduced.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the desanding system comprises a high-concentration desander and a sand-water separator which are connected in sequence. The desanding system can ensure that fine heavy materials such as fine gravel and shells and fine light materials such as pepper grains, pepper skins and fine plastic sheets in the slurry are effectively removed.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the sterilization device adopts a heat sterilization method.
Preferably, the kitchen waste pretreatment system further comprises a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to transfer a part of heat of the liquid phase discharged from the two-phase centrifuge to the slurry to be flowed into the sterilization device, so that the temperature of the incoming material of the sterilization device is increased, and the heat consumption is reduced.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, a screw press is further included, and the screw press is connected with the slag discharge port of the slurry machine and is used for dehydrating the slag separated by the slurry machine.
The invention also provides a method for pretreating kitchen waste by adopting the kitchen waste pretreatment system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the kitchen waste enters a slurrying machine for slurrying treatment, and the kitchen waste is decomposed into organic matter slurry and slag;
(2) the organic matter slurry enters a desanding system for desanding treatment;
(3) the effluent of the desanding system enters a sterilization device for sterilization treatment;
(4) the effluent of the sterilization device enters a two-phase separator to be separated into a liquid phase and a solid phase;
further preferably, in the step (1), before the pulping treatment, a step of adjusting the solid content of the kitchen waste to 14-16 wt% is further included;
and/or in the step (1), the rotating speed of the rotor is 150-250 r/min in the pulping treatment;
and/or in the step (3), the temperature of the sterilization treatment is 70-80 ℃, and the time is 20-30 min.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
only relatively pure garbage components can be recycled, and the kitchen garbage pretreatment system and method provided by the invention can realize high-precision separation of organic matters and impurities; the yield of the biological anaerobic degradation product is high, and the recycling rate of the kitchen waste is high; the purity of the liquid phase is high, which is beneficial to the stability of a subsequent anaerobic system; the operation cost is low, and a key technical support is provided for the full resource utilization of the kitchen garbage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a kitchen waste pretreatment system according to example 1, wherein 1-receiving hopper, 2-slurrying machine, 3-discharging tank, 4-high consistency desander, 5-sand-water separator, 6-heat exchanger, 7-sterilizing tank, 8-two phase centrifuge, 9-water buffer tank.
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the slurrying machine according to example 1, wherein 10-slurrying chamber, 11-rotor, 12-kitchen waste inlet, 13-slag outlet, 14-sieve plate, 15-liquid outlet, 16-annular water jet, 17-baffle.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or state relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the following examples, the equipment and the like used are not shown to manufacturers, and are all conventional products available from regular vendors. The process is conventional unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from the open literature.
Example 1
A kitchen waste pretreatment system (part of which is shown in figure 1) comprises a receiving hopper 1, a slurrying machine 2, a discharge tank 3 (connected with a liquid discharge port of the slurrying machine), a high-concentration desander 4, a sand-water separator 5, a heat exchanger 6 (tube pass), a sterilization tank 7, a two-phase centrifuge 8, a water buffer tank 9 (connected with a liquid phase outlet of the two-phase centrifuge) and the heat exchanger 6 (shell pass) which are sequentially connected;
the device also comprises a screw press, wherein the screw press is connected with a residue discharge port of the pulp maker;
the slurrying machine (partially refer to fig. 2) comprises a slurrying cavity 10, a rotor 11 arranged in the slurrying cavity, a kitchen waste inlet 12 and a slag discharge port 13 arranged on the wall of the slurrying cavity, and a sieve plate 14 arranged at an opening at the bottom of the slurrying cavity, wherein a liquid discharge port 15 is arranged below the sieve plate;
the rotor 11 is vertically and upwards arranged above the sieve plate and comprises a rotating shaft and a pulping blade spirally arranged on the rotating shaft, the pulping blade is clockwise rotated from the bottom end of the rotating shaft to the top end, the diameter of the spiral is gradually reduced, and the pulping blade is gradually reduced to 0 when reaching the top end; the diameter ratio of the maximum spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the rotary shaft is 12:1, and the height ratio of the maximum spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the rotary shaft is 1: 2;
the slurrying machine 2 further comprises an annular water spray pipe 16 arranged at the top in the slurrying cavity and a baffle plate 17 arranged on the inner wall of the slurrying cavity.
Example 2
By adopting the system of the embodiment 1 and the method for pretreating kitchen garbage, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the kitchen waste is discharged into the receiving hopper, and is put in after being classified as the domestic waste, so that the moisture content is relatively low, the material size is relatively large, more non-perishable waste can be mixed in the initial garbage classification stage or the classified putting setting, and the grabbing bucket type feeding is adopted to ensure the smooth process. The composition of the kitchen waste is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 kitchen garbage composition table
Figure BDA0003180880590000061
(2) Feeding kitchen waste from a receiving hopper to a slurrying machine in a grab bucket mode (equipment parameters are shown in a table 2), adding industrial water into the slurrying machine through an annular water spraying pipe to adjust the solid content of the kitchen waste to be 15%, starting a rotor to rotate to perform slurrying treatment, enabling waste flow to form a strong vortex field through the rotor of the slurrying machine, and decomposing organic waste into organic matter slurry and slag in 3-5 minutes. After the organic matter slurry flows downwards through the sieve plate, the organic matter slurry is conveyed to a discharge tank through a liquid discharge port for storage, the residue is dewatered by a screw press through a residue discharge port, and the dewatered non-biodegradable materials can be directly incinerated.
TABLE 2 pulp mill equipment parameters
Figure BDA0003180880590000062
(3) The slurry in the discharge tank is sent into the heat exchanger after being removed from fine and heavy materials such as fine gravel, shells and the like and fine and light materials such as pepper grains, pepper skins and fine plastic sheets in the slurry by a high-concentration desander and a sand-water separator in sequence, and the liquid phase discharged by the two-phase centrifuge participates in the heat exchange process of the heat exchanger to improve the temperature of the slurry.
(4) And (3) feeding the organic slurry from the heat exchanger into a sterilization tank, and keeping the flow for 25min at a high temperature of 75 ℃ to realize sterilization and deodorization on the kitchen waste.
(5) And (4) feeding the sterilized slurry into a two-phase centrifuge for solid-liquid separation. The solid phase is incinerated cooperatively or can be used as a dry anaerobic raw material, the liquid phase utilizes waste heat, slurry of the heat exchanger is preheated firstly, and then is cooled to about 38-40 ℃ for entering a subsequent anaerobic system to be treated.
After the kitchen waste is treated by the method, the technical effects that the removal rate of non-degradable light and heavy impurities is 95%, the removal rate of fine slag and impurities is 96% and the yield of the biological anaerobic degradable material is 94% are achieved, the method has the remarkable advantages of high reduction rate and recycling rate, and meanwhile, the method is short in process, low in energy consumption, large in treatment capacity, strong in equipment adaptability and good in popularization and application prospect.
Wherein, the non-degradable light and heavy impurities mainly refer to the hard-to-break heavy substances such as plastic bags, cloth strips, metals and the like; the fine residue mainly refers to fine sand and fine residue formed by crushing shells, bones and other substances, and to the substances such as pepper granules, pepper peels and the like which are not easy to crush but are light.
Comparative example 1
The only difference compared to example 2 is that in step (2) the solids content of the kitchen waste is adjusted to 17% by adding industrial water to the slurrying machine via the annular water jet.
Through detection, the removal rate of the nondegradable light and heavy impurities is 92%, the removal rate of the fine slag and impurities is 95%, and the yield of the biodegradable material is 87%.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 2, the difference is only that in the rotor of the pulping machine, the diameter ratio of the maximum value of the spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the rotating shaft is 10:1, and the ratio of the maximum value of the spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the height of the rotating shaft is 1: 3.
Through detection, the removal rate of the nondegradable light and heavy impurities is 95%, the removal rate of the fine slag and impurities is 95%, and the yield of the biodegradable material is 82%.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (10)

1.一种厨余垃圾预处理系统,其特征在于,包括:1. a kitchen waste pretreatment system, is characterized in that, comprises: 浆化机,所述浆化机包括浆化腔体、设置于所述浆化腔体内的转子、设置于所述浆化腔体壁上的厨余垃圾入口和排渣口、以及设置于所述浆化腔体底部开口处的筛板,所述筛板下方设置有排液口;A pulper, the pulper includes a pulping cavity, a rotor disposed in the pulping cavity, a kitchen waste inlet and a slag discharge port disposed on the wall of the pulping cavity, and a rotor disposed in the pulping cavity. the sieve plate at the opening at the bottom of the pulping cavity, and a drain port is arranged below the sieve plate; 除砂系统,所述除砂系统与所述浆化机的排液口连通;A sand removal system, the sand removal system is communicated with the liquid discharge port of the slurry machine; 灭菌装置,所述灭菌装置与所述除砂系统的排液口连通;a sterilization device, the sterilization device is communicated with the liquid discharge port of the sand removal system; 两相离心机,所述两相离心机与所述灭菌装置的出料口连通,用于将来自所述灭菌装置的物料分离为液相和固相。A two-phase centrifuge, the two-phase centrifuge communicates with the discharge port of the sterilization device, and is used to separate the material from the sterilization device into a liquid phase and a solid phase. 2.根据权利要求1所述的厨余垃圾预处理系统,其特征在于,所述转子包括转轴和螺旋设置在转轴上的制浆刀片,所述制浆刀片由转轴底端向顶端呈逆时针或顺时针旋向且螺旋直径递减。2 . The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to claim 1 , wherein the rotor comprises a rotating shaft and a pulping blade spirally arranged on the rotating shaft, and the pulping blade is counterclockwise from the bottom end of the rotating shaft to the top end. 3 . Or clockwise with decreasing diameter of the helix. 3.根据权利要求2所述的厨余垃圾预处理系统,其特征在于,所述制浆刀片的螺旋直径最大值与所以转轴的直径比为11~13:1;3. The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the maximum helical diameter of the pulping blade to the diameter of the rotating shaft is 11-13:1; 和/或,所述制浆刀片的螺旋直径最大值与所以转轴的高度比为0.8~1.2:2。And/or, the ratio of the maximum helical diameter of the pulping blade to the height of the rotating shaft is 0.8-1.2:2. 4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的厨余垃圾预处理系统,其特征在于,所述筛板上的筛孔直径为
Figure FDA0003180880580000011
Figure FDA0003180880580000012
4. The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the diameter of the sieve holes on the sieve plate is
Figure FDA0003180880580000011
Figure FDA0003180880580000012
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的厨余垃圾预处理系统,其特征在于,所述浆化机包括环形喷水管,所述环形喷水管设置在所述浆化腔体内顶部。5 . The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to claim 1 , wherein the slurry machine comprises an annular water spray pipe, and the annular water spray pipe is arranged in the slurry cavity. 6 . top. 6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的厨余垃圾预处理系统,其特征在于,所述除砂系统包括依次相连的高浓除砂器和砂水分离器。6 . The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to claim 1 , wherein the sand removal system comprises a high-concentration sand remover and a sand-water separator connected in sequence. 7 . 7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的厨余垃圾预处理系统,其特征在于,所述灭菌装置采用热杀菌方式。7 . The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to claim 1 , wherein the sterilization device adopts a heat sterilization method. 8 . 8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的厨余垃圾预处理系统,其特征在于,还包括换热器,所述换热器设置为将从所述两相离心机排出的液相的一部分热量传递到即将流入所述灭菌装置的浆液。8. The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is set to the liquid phase discharged from the two-phase centrifuge A portion of the heat is transferred to the slurry that is about to flow into the sterilization device. 9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的厨余垃圾预处理系统,其特征在于,还包括螺旋压榨机,所述螺旋压榨机连接所述浆化机的排渣口。9 . The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to claim 1 , further comprising a screw press connected to the slag discharge port of the pulper. 10 . 10.一种采用权利要求1-9任一项所述的厨余垃圾预处理系统进行厨余垃圾预处理的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:10. A method for kitchen waste pretreatment using the kitchen waste pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, comprising the steps of: (1)厨余垃圾进入浆化机进行浆化处理,将厨余垃圾分解为有机质浆液和渣质;(1) The kitchen waste enters the pulper for pulping treatment, and the kitchen waste is decomposed into organic slurry and slag; (2)所述有机质浆液进入除砂系统进行除砂处理;(2) the organic matter slurry enters the sand removal system to carry out sand removal treatment; (3)除砂系统的出水进入灭菌装置进行灭菌处理;(3) The effluent of the sand removal system enters the sterilization device for sterilization; (4)灭菌装置的出水进入二相分离机,分离为液相和固相;(4) The effluent of the sterilization device enters the two-phase separator, and is separated into a liquid phase and a solid phase; 优选的,步骤(1)中,进行浆化处理前,还包括将所述厨余垃圾的固含量调节至14~16wt%的步骤;Preferably, in step (1), before the pulping treatment, the step of adjusting the solid content of the kitchen waste to 14-16 wt% is further included; 和/或,步骤(1)中,所述浆化处理中,转子的转速为150~250r/min;And/or, in step (1), in the slurry treatment, the rotational speed of the rotor is 150-250 r/min; 和/或,步骤(3)中,所述灭菌处理的温度为70~80℃,时间为20~30min。And/or, in step (3), the temperature of the sterilization treatment is 70-80° C., and the time is 20-30 min.
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