CN113458123A - Kitchen waste pretreatment system and method - Google Patents
Kitchen waste pretreatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113458123A CN113458123A CN202110846314.3A CN202110846314A CN113458123A CN 113458123 A CN113458123 A CN 113458123A CN 202110846314 A CN202110846314 A CN 202110846314A CN 113458123 A CN113458123 A CN 113458123A
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000722363 Piper Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a kitchen waste pretreatment system and a method. The system comprises: the pulping machine comprises a pulping cavity, a rotor arranged in the pulping cavity, a kitchen garbage inlet and a slag discharge port which are arranged on the wall of the pulping cavity, and a sieve plate arranged at an opening at the bottom of the pulping cavity, wherein a liquid discharge port is arranged below the sieve plate; the sand removing system is communicated with a liquid outlet of the slurrying machine; the sterilization device is communicated with a liquid outlet of the desanding system; and the two-phase centrifuge is communicated with the discharge hole of the sterilizing device and is used for separating the material from the sterilizing device into a liquid phase and a solid phase. The kitchen waste pretreatment system can realize high-precision separation of organic matters and impurities; the yield of the biological anaerobic degradation product is high, and the recycling rate of the kitchen waste is high; the purity of the liquid phase is high, which is beneficial to the stability of a subsequent anaerobic system; the operation cost is low, and a key technical support is provided for the full resource utilization of the kitchen garbage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a kitchen garbage pretreatment system and method.
Background
At present, apart from two major harmless treatment processes of landfill and incineration, biochemical treatment and resource utilization are mainly used for independently treating kitchen garbage, and the biochemical treatment mainly comprises two major treatment processes of anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting. Compared with the traditional aerobic composting process, the anaerobic digestion is carried out in a closed environment, the environmental influence is relatively small, and the anaerobic digestion has great advantages on the influence of the surrounding environment and the utilization of the final product, thereby representing the mainstream development direction at present.
Since the anaerobic digestion technology only works on organic matter, and the kitchen waste is a mixture of organic matter and non-biodegradable impurities, a kitchen waste pretreatment system needs to be configured to separate the organic matter from the non-biodegradable materials affecting the anaerobic digestion treatment. Current pretreatment technologies are classified into mechanical sorting and mechanical pulping technologies.
Mechanical sorting generally employs various screening devices, which assume that organic matters in organic garbage conform to a particle size distribution rule, and organic components can be sorted out by screening. But has the following disadvantages: (1) in principle, organic matters in the garbage do not accord with the size rule, only the sorting significance on probability is achieved, and the grain size sorting inevitably causes great loss of the organic matters; (2) the bagged garbage must be broken; (3) the sorted and rejected materials are still garbage, and the garbage treatment is also needed, so the reduction rate is low.
Mechanical pulping generally adopts crushing pulping or squeezing pulping, organic matters are crushed by mechanical force and then are separated by a sieve plate. But has the following disadvantages: (1) the crushing pulping can cause a large amount of impurities to be crushed together and enter the pulp, and the subsequent impurity removal is difficult; (2) organic matters in the squeezed pulp are adhered and taken away by impurities, and the recovery rate of the organic matters is extremely low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a kitchen waste pretreatment system and method, which can realize high-precision separation of organic matters and impurities, facilitate full resource utilization of waste components and have low operation cost.
Specifically, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a kitchen waste pretreatment system comprising:
the pulping machine comprises a pulping cavity, a rotor arranged in the pulping cavity, a kitchen garbage inlet and a slag discharge port which are arranged on the wall of the pulping cavity, and a sieve plate arranged at an opening at the bottom of the pulping cavity, wherein a liquid discharge port is arranged below the sieve plate;
the sand removing system is communicated with a liquid outlet of the slurrying machine;
the sterilization device is communicated with a liquid outlet of the desanding system;
and the two-phase centrifuge is communicated with the discharge hole of the sterilization device and is used for separating the material from the sterilization device into a liquid phase and a solid phase.
According to the pulping machine, the garbage flow forms an eddy field through the rotor, and within 3-5 minutes, organic garbage can be decomposed into organic matter slurry and residues such as fibers, plastics, fabrics and inert substances. The separated slag can be directly incinerated after being dehydrated, and the separated organic slurry enters a sterilization device after fine, light and heavy impurities are removed by a desanding system, so that the disinfection, sterilization and deodorization of the kitchen garbage are realized. And (3) feeding the sterilized slurry into a two-phase centrifuge for solid-liquid separation, and carrying out solid phase transportation, wherein the liquid phase contains about 0.3% of grease, and the liquid phase can be directly fed into a rear-end anaerobic fermentation device without further grease separation because the anaerobic fermentation device such as a CSTR reactor has better tolerance capacity to the grease.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the rotor comprises a rotating shaft and a pulping blade spirally arranged on the rotating shaft, and the pulping blade is spirally rotated in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction from the bottom end to the top end of the rotating shaft and has a gradually decreasing diameter. More preferably, the rotor is vertically arranged above the sieve plate, and further preferably, a bottom knife is arranged at the joint of the rotor and the sieve plate.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the diameter ratio of the maximum spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the rotating shaft is 11-13: 1; and/or the ratio of the maximum spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the height of the rotating shaft is 0.8-1.2: 2. Therefore, kitchen waste flow is ensured to form a strong vortex field, and the tearing, rubbing and kneading effects formed by the differential speed among the flow layers of the vortex are utilized to achieve the effect of maximally decomposing objects in the waste into substance components and simultaneously reduce the abrasion and blockage of equipment.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the diameter of the sieve holes on the sieve plate is
，
Under the diameter of the sieve mesh, the high-precision separation of organic matters and impurities can be ensured, and the full resource utilization of garbage components is facilitated.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the slurry machine includes an annular water spray pipe, and the annular water spray pipe is disposed at the top inside the slurry cavity. The annular water spraying pipe can be used for adjusting the solid content of garbage, and simultaneously can clean slag after slurrying treatment, so that organic matters adhered to the slag are further recovered.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the slurry machine comprises a slurry baffle plate, and the slurry baffle plate is arranged on the inner wall of the slurry cavity, so that wet waste vortexes can be effectively destroyed, the decomposition speed is accelerated, the decomposition time is shortened, and the abrasion of the tank body is reduced.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the desanding system comprises a high-concentration desander and a sand-water separator which are connected in sequence. The desanding system can ensure that fine heavy materials such as fine gravel and shells and fine light materials such as pepper grains, pepper skins and fine plastic sheets in the slurry are effectively removed.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, the sterilization device adopts a heat sterilization method.
Preferably, the kitchen waste pretreatment system further comprises a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to transfer a part of heat of the liquid phase discharged from the two-phase centrifuge to the slurry to be flowed into the sterilization device, so that the temperature of the incoming material of the sterilization device is increased, and the heat consumption is reduced.
Preferably, in the kitchen waste pretreatment system, a screw press is further included, and the screw press is connected with the slag discharge port of the slurry machine and is used for dehydrating the slag separated by the slurry machine.
The invention also provides a method for pretreating kitchen waste by adopting the kitchen waste pretreatment system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the kitchen waste enters a slurrying machine for slurrying treatment, and the kitchen waste is decomposed into organic matter slurry and slag;
(2) the organic matter slurry enters a desanding system for desanding treatment;
(3) the effluent of the desanding system enters a sterilization device for sterilization treatment;
(4) the effluent of the sterilization device enters a two-phase separator to be separated into a liquid phase and a solid phase;
further preferably, in the step (1), before the pulping treatment, a step of adjusting the solid content of the kitchen waste to 14-16 wt% is further included;
and/or in the step (1), the rotating speed of the rotor is 150-250 r/min in the pulping treatment;
and/or in the step (3), the temperature of the sterilization treatment is 70-80 ℃, and the time is 20-30 min.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
only relatively pure garbage components can be recycled, and the kitchen garbage pretreatment system and method provided by the invention can realize high-precision separation of organic matters and impurities; the yield of the biological anaerobic degradation product is high, and the recycling rate of the kitchen waste is high; the purity of the liquid phase is high, which is beneficial to the stability of a subsequent anaerobic system; the operation cost is low, and a key technical support is provided for the full resource utilization of the kitchen garbage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a kitchen waste pretreatment system according to example 1, wherein 1-receiving hopper, 2-slurrying machine, 3-discharging tank, 4-high consistency desander, 5-sand-water separator, 6-heat exchanger, 7-sterilizing tank, 8-two phase centrifuge, 9-water buffer tank.
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the slurrying machine according to example 1, wherein 10-slurrying chamber, 11-rotor, 12-kitchen waste inlet, 13-slag outlet, 14-sieve plate, 15-liquid outlet, 16-annular water jet, 17-baffle.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or state relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the following examples, the equipment and the like used are not shown to manufacturers, and are all conventional products available from regular vendors. The process is conventional unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from the open literature.
Example 1
A kitchen waste pretreatment system (part of which is shown in figure 1) comprises a receiving hopper 1, a slurrying machine 2, a discharge tank 3 (connected with a liquid discharge port of the slurrying machine), a high-concentration desander 4, a sand-water separator 5, a heat exchanger 6 (tube pass), a sterilization tank 7, a two-phase centrifuge 8, a water buffer tank 9 (connected with a liquid phase outlet of the two-phase centrifuge) and the heat exchanger 6 (shell pass) which are sequentially connected;
the device also comprises a screw press, wherein the screw press is connected with a residue discharge port of the pulp maker;
the slurrying machine (partially refer to fig. 2) comprises a slurrying cavity 10, a rotor 11 arranged in the slurrying cavity, a kitchen waste inlet 12 and a slag discharge port 13 arranged on the wall of the slurrying cavity, and a sieve plate 14 arranged at an opening at the bottom of the slurrying cavity, wherein a liquid discharge port 15 is arranged below the sieve plate;
the rotor 11 is vertically and upwards arranged above the sieve plate and comprises a rotating shaft and a pulping blade spirally arranged on the rotating shaft, the pulping blade is clockwise rotated from the bottom end of the rotating shaft to the top end, the diameter of the spiral is gradually reduced, and the pulping blade is gradually reduced to 0 when reaching the top end; the diameter ratio of the maximum spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the rotary shaft is 12:1, and the height ratio of the maximum spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the rotary shaft is 1: 2;
the slurrying machine 2 further comprises an annular water spray pipe 16 arranged at the top in the slurrying cavity and a baffle plate 17 arranged on the inner wall of the slurrying cavity.
Example 2
By adopting the system of the embodiment 1 and the method for pretreating kitchen garbage, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the kitchen waste is discharged into the receiving hopper, and is put in after being classified as the domestic waste, so that the moisture content is relatively low, the material size is relatively large, more non-perishable waste can be mixed in the initial garbage classification stage or the classified putting setting, and the grabbing bucket type feeding is adopted to ensure the smooth process. The composition of the kitchen waste is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 kitchen garbage composition table
(2) Feeding kitchen waste from a receiving hopper to a slurrying machine in a grab bucket mode (equipment parameters are shown in a table 2), adding industrial water into the slurrying machine through an annular water spraying pipe to adjust the solid content of the kitchen waste to be 15%, starting a rotor to rotate to perform slurrying treatment, enabling waste flow to form a strong vortex field through the rotor of the slurrying machine, and decomposing organic waste into organic matter slurry and slag in 3-5 minutes. After the organic matter slurry flows downwards through the sieve plate, the organic matter slurry is conveyed to a discharge tank through a liquid discharge port for storage, the residue is dewatered by a screw press through a residue discharge port, and the dewatered non-biodegradable materials can be directly incinerated.
TABLE 2 pulp mill equipment parameters
(3) The slurry in the discharge tank is sent into the heat exchanger after being removed from fine and heavy materials such as fine gravel, shells and the like and fine and light materials such as pepper grains, pepper skins and fine plastic sheets in the slurry by a high-concentration desander and a sand-water separator in sequence, and the liquid phase discharged by the two-phase centrifuge participates in the heat exchange process of the heat exchanger to improve the temperature of the slurry.
(4) And (3) feeding the organic slurry from the heat exchanger into a sterilization tank, and keeping the flow for 25min at a high temperature of 75 ℃ to realize sterilization and deodorization on the kitchen waste.
(5) And (4) feeding the sterilized slurry into a two-phase centrifuge for solid-liquid separation. The solid phase is incinerated cooperatively or can be used as a dry anaerobic raw material, the liquid phase utilizes waste heat, slurry of the heat exchanger is preheated firstly, and then is cooled to about 38-40 ℃ for entering a subsequent anaerobic system to be treated.
After the kitchen waste is treated by the method, the technical effects that the removal rate of non-degradable light and heavy impurities is 95%, the removal rate of fine slag and impurities is 96% and the yield of the biological anaerobic degradable material is 94% are achieved, the method has the remarkable advantages of high reduction rate and recycling rate, and meanwhile, the method is short in process, low in energy consumption, large in treatment capacity, strong in equipment adaptability and good in popularization and application prospect.
Wherein, the non-degradable light and heavy impurities mainly refer to the hard-to-break heavy substances such as plastic bags, cloth strips, metals and the like; the fine residue mainly refers to fine sand and fine residue formed by crushing shells, bones and other substances, and to the substances such as pepper granules, pepper peels and the like which are not easy to crush but are light.
Comparative example 1
The only difference compared to example 2 is that in step (2) the solids content of the kitchen waste is adjusted to 17% by adding industrial water to the slurrying machine via the annular water jet.
Through detection, the removal rate of the nondegradable light and heavy impurities is 92%, the removal rate of the fine slag and impurities is 95%, and the yield of the biodegradable material is 87%.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 2, the difference is only that in the rotor of the pulping machine, the diameter ratio of the maximum value of the spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the rotating shaft is 10:1, and the ratio of the maximum value of the spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the height of the rotating shaft is 1: 3.
Through detection, the removal rate of the nondegradable light and heavy impurities is 95%, the removal rate of the fine slag and impurities is 95%, and the yield of the biodegradable material is 82%.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A kitchen waste pretreatment system, comprising:
the pulping machine comprises a pulping cavity, a rotor arranged in the pulping cavity, a kitchen garbage inlet and a slag discharge port which are arranged on the wall of the pulping cavity, and a sieve plate arranged at an opening at the bottom of the pulping cavity, wherein a liquid discharge port is arranged below the sieve plate;
the sand removing system is communicated with a liquid outlet of the slurrying machine;
the sterilization device is communicated with a liquid outlet of the desanding system;
and the two-phase centrifuge is communicated with the discharge hole of the sterilization device and is used for separating the material from the sterilization device into a liquid phase and a solid phase.
2. The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to claim 1, wherein the rotor comprises a rotating shaft and a pulping blade spirally disposed on the rotating shaft, the pulping blade is spirally rotated counterclockwise or clockwise from the bottom end to the top end of the rotating shaft, and the diameter of the spiral decreases progressively.
3. The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the maximum spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the diameter of the rotating shaft is 11-13: 1;
and/or the ratio of the maximum spiral diameter of the pulping blade to the height of the rotating shaft is 0.8-1.2: 2.
4. The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sieve plate has a sieve hole diameter of
5. The kitchen waste pretreatment system of any of claims 1-4, wherein the slurrying machine includes an annular water jet disposed at a top portion within the slurrying chamber.
6. The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the desanding system comprises a high consistency desander and a sand water separator connected in series.
7. The kitchen waste pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sterilization device employs a thermal sterilization method.
8. The kitchen waste pretreatment system of any of claims 1-7, further comprising a heat exchanger configured to transfer a portion of heat from the liquid phase discharged from the two-phase centrifuge to a slurry about to flow into the sterilization device.
9. The kitchen waste pretreatment system of any of claims 1-8, further comprising a screw press coupled to the slurry machine discharge.
10. A method of pretreating kitchen waste by using the kitchen waste pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
(1) the kitchen waste enters a slurrying machine for slurrying treatment, and the kitchen waste is decomposed into organic matter slurry and slag;
(2) the organic matter slurry enters a desanding system for desanding treatment;
(3) the effluent of the desanding system enters a sterilization device for sterilization treatment;
(4) the effluent of the sterilization device enters a two-phase separator to be separated into a liquid phase and a solid phase;
preferably, in the step (1), before the pulping treatment, the solid content of the kitchen waste is adjusted to 14-16 wt%;
and/or in the step (1), the rotating speed of the rotor is 150-250 r/min in the pulping treatment;
and/or in the step (3), the temperature of the sterilization treatment is 70-80 ℃, and the time is 20-30 min.
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113458123B (en) | 2024-05-28 |
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