CN113457452A - Forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device and treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device and treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113457452A CN113457452A CN202110848599.4A CN202110848599A CN113457452A CN 113457452 A CN113457452 A CN 113457452A CN 202110848599 A CN202110848599 A CN 202110848599A CN 113457452 A CN113457452 A CN 113457452A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C1/00—Concentration, evaporation or drying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
- B01D61/005—Osmotic agents; Draw solutions
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device and a treatment method thereof, belonging to the field of membrane technology application and the field of food manufacturing. Comprises a milk storage tank, a forward osmosis membrane component and a drawing liquid storage tank; wherein the milk storage tank is provided with a raw milk outlet and a concentrated milk inlet; a first drawing liquid inlet and a first drawing liquid outlet are formed in the drawing liquid storage tank; the forward osmosis membrane component is provided with a first inlet, a second inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, the first inlet is connected with the raw milk outlet, and the forward osmosis membrane component is used for performing forward osmosis treatment on the raw milk conveyed in the milk storage tank; the first inlet is connected with the raw milk outlet; the first drawing liquid inlet is connected with the second outlet, and the first drawing liquid outlet is connected with the second inlet. The invention adopts forward osmosis to realize milk concentration, does not need heating or condensation, does not cause the damage of the original components of the milk, and can realize the continuous operation of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of application of membrane technology and the field of food manufacturing, and particularly relates to a forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device and a treatment method thereof.
Background
The dairy product has rich nutrition and easy digestion and absorption, and is always the preferred nutritional food for the public. With the improvement of living standard, domestic consumers have higher requirements on taste and quality of dairy products, and compared with more than 13.5% of milk solids in partial national regions, the content of the milk solids in China is about 12%. The solid content of the raw milk in different seasons in different regions has larger difference, and the proper concentration of the milk is necessary for producing milk products such as high-quality milk or yoghourt and the like and ensuring the consistency of product quality indexes. Common milk processing and concentrating methods mainly comprise flash evaporation, single-effect evaporation, reverse osmosis concentration and the like.
Flash evaporation, a dehydration process, a process in which milk boils at low temperatures to evaporate a portion of the water. This method has some disadvantages: firstly, the cost factor is high, and the flash evaporation energy consumption is high; secondly, nutrition factors, namely, the active substances in part of milk are seriously damaged due to the fact that the heating intensity is too strong during flash evaporation; thirdly, efficiency factor, only 10% of water can be removed at most by flash evaporation, which still does not meet the production requirements when producing high milk solid milk products. The single-effect evaporation not only needs to consume a large amount of heat, but also can destroy part of the nutrient components in the milk by heating.
Reverse osmosis can be performed at lower temperatures, but the use of reverse osmosis in dairy processes has the following drawbacks: firstly, the fixed investment is overlarge, the area of the reverse osmosis membrane required for meeting the requirement of milk processing is large, and the service life of the membrane is short; secondly, the energy consumption is too high, and the milk must be heated in order to improve the reverse osmosis speed; thirdly, the efficiency is slow, the membrane needs to be cleaned frequently, and the continuous operation time is short; fourthly, the equipment maintenance requirement is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention provides a forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device and a treatment method thereof, which aim to solve the problems related to the background art.
The invention provides a forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device and a treatment method thereof, wherein the forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device comprises the following steps:
the milk storage tank is provided with a raw milk outlet and a concentrated milk inlet;
the device comprises a drawing liquid storage tank, a first drawing liquid inlet and a first drawing liquid outlet, wherein the drawing liquid storage tank is provided with the first drawing liquid inlet and the first drawing liquid outlet;
the forward osmosis membrane component is suitable for performing forward osmosis treatment on the raw milk conveyed in the milk storage tank; the forward osmosis membrane component comprises a forward osmosis membrane element, and a milk circulating unit and a first drawing liquid circulating unit which are arranged on two sides of the forward osmosis membrane element; the milk circulating unit is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet, and the first drawing liquid circulating unit is provided with a second inlet and a second outlet;
wherein the first inlet is connected to the raw milk outlet; the first drawing liquid inlet is connected with the second outlet, and the first drawing liquid outlet is connected with the second inlet.
Preferably or optionally, a reverse osmosis membrane regeneration device is further connected to the draw solution storage tank.
Preferably or optionally, the reverse osmosis membrane regeneration device further comprises:
the drawing liquid storage tank is provided with a second drawing liquid inlet and a second drawing liquid outlet;
the reverse osmosis membrane module is suitable for performing reverse osmosis treatment on the drawing liquid in the drawing liquid storage tank; the reverse osmosis membrane module comprises: the reverse osmosis membrane element is provided with a second draw solution circulating unit and a clear water circulating unit which are arranged on two sides of the reverse osmosis membrane element; a third inlet and a third outlet are arranged on the second drawing liquid circulating unit, and a fourth outlet is arranged on the clear water circulating unit;
the water storage tank is provided with a water inlet and is suitable for storing water produced in the reverse osmosis treatment process;
wherein the water inlet is connected to the fourth outlet; the third inlet is connected with the second drawing liquid outlet, and the third outlet is connected with the second drawing liquid inlet.
Preferably or optionally, a level controller is arranged on the inner wall of the draw solution storage tank and is adapted to ensure that the volume of the draw solution is dynamically balanced.
Preferably or optionally, the water storage tank is further provided with a water outlet, and the forward osmosis membrane module is further provided with a clean water inlet, and the water outlet is connected with the clean water inlet of the forward osmosis membrane module.
Preferably or optionally, the reverse osmosis membrane module is a wound membrane module.
Preferably or optionally, the forward osmosis membrane element is a hollow fiber membrane element, a spiral wound membrane element or a plate and frame membrane element.
Preferably or optionally, the first outlet is connected to the concentrated milk inlet.
Preferably or optionally, the draw solution is a sucrose solution.
The invention also provides a forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration treatment method, which comprises the following steps:
conveying raw milk and a drawing liquid into a forward osmosis membrane component to form a milk circulation unit and a first drawing liquid circulation unit, and performing forward osmosis treatment on the raw milk by using the drawing liquid to obtain concentrated milk and a drawing dilute solution;
conveying the drawn dilute solution to a reverse osmosis membrane assembly to form a second drawn solution circulating unit and a clear water circulating unit, and performing reverse osmosis treatment to obtain a concentrated drawn solution and clear water;
returning part of the concentrated draw solution to the forward osmosis membrane module for recycling, and returning the rest concentrated draw solution to the reverse osmosis membrane module for recycling;
and after the forward osmosis treatment is finished, flushing the forward osmosis membrane component with clean water produced by the reverse osmosis treatment.
The invention relates to a forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device and a treatment method thereof, and compared with the prior art, the forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts forward osmosis to realize milk concentration, and does not need heating or condensation, thereby not causing the damage of the original components of the milk. Meanwhile, the equipment is simple, and forward osmosis is a membrane separation process which spontaneously realizes water transfer by taking osmotic pressure difference on two sides of the osmotic membrane as a driving force, so the energy consumption is low, and the investment cost is low. In addition, the forward osmosis component is adopted to almost completely intercept a plurality of pollutants, the separation effect is good, the membrane pollution is low, and the membrane does not need to be frequently cleaned, so that the continuous operation time is long, and the concentration efficiency is improved.
2. The invention changes the concentration of the drawing liquid from the dilution through the reverse osmosis membrane regeneration device to recover higher concentration, thereby being continuously used for concentrating the raw milk and improving the concentration effect.
3. The invention can control the speed of forward osmosis treatment and reverse osmosis treatment through the pumps connected in series on the pipeline, and ensures that the concentration of the drawn liquid is always in dynamic balance.
4. The invention can utilize the water generated in the reverse osmosis treatment process, save water resources and improve the forward osmosis efficiency by cleaning the forward osmosis membrane component.
5. Compared with the traditional ionic type extracting solution, the sucrose solution adopted by the invention has the advantages that the salt back phenomenon cannot occur and the milk cannot be polluted even if a very small amount of sucrose solution enters the milk end; in addition, the sucrose has large molecular weight, high osmotic pressure and good suction effect.
6. The invention adopts a single-stage intermittent cyclic concentration mode to concentrate the milk, is easier to control the concentration ratio of the milk through the concentration time, and has less equipment investment.
7. According to the invention, the raw milk and the drawing liquid are fed in a countercurrent mode, so that the maximum concentration difference of the solution at two sides of the forward osmosis membrane is maintained to the maximum degree, namely the osmotic pressure difference at two sides of the forward osmosis membrane is maintained to the maximum degree, and the concentration efficiency is accelerated.
8. The invention detects the liquid level in the drawing liquid storage tank by arranging the liquid level controller, automatically starts to operate to carry out reverse osmosis concentration on the drawing liquid, and balances the dilution speed of the drawing liquid in forward osmosis and the concentration speed of reverse osmosis, thereby achieving the purpose of raw milk concentration and the recycling of the drawing liquid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a processing method of the present invention.
The reference signs are: 10. a milk storage tank; 11. a first pump; 20. a forward osmosis membrane module; 30. a drawing liquid storage tank; 31. a second pump; 32. a third pump; 40. a reverse osmosis membrane module; 50. adjusting a valve; 60. a water storage tank; 61. and a fourth pump.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
The prior art adopts reverse osmosis concentrated milk and has the problems of large investment, high energy consumption, low efficiency and the like. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device, referring to fig. 1, the device comprises a milk storage tank 10, a forward osmosis membrane assembly 20 and a draw solution storage tank 30, wherein a raw milk outlet and a concentrated milk inlet are arranged on the milk storage tank 10; a first drawing liquid inlet and a first drawing liquid outlet are arranged on the drawing liquid storage tank 30; the forward osmosis membrane assembly 20 is adapted to forward osmosis process the raw milk delivered in the milk storage tank 10; the forward osmosis membrane assembly 20 comprises a forward osmosis membrane element, and a milk circulation unit and a first drawing liquid circulation unit which are arranged on two sides of the forward osmosis membrane element; the milk circulating unit is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet, and the first drawing liquid circulating unit is provided with a second inlet and a second outlet; the first inlet is connected with the raw milk outlet; the first drawing liquid inlet is connected with the second outlet, and the first drawing liquid outlet is connected with the second inlet. In the milk concentration device, the forward osmosis membrane assembly 20 is adopted to perform forward osmosis treatment on raw milk conveyed in the milk storage tank 10, heating or condensation is not required, and therefore, original components of the milk cannot be damaged. Meanwhile, the equipment is simple, and forward osmosis is a membrane separation process which spontaneously realizes water transfer by taking osmotic pressure difference on two sides of the osmotic membrane as a driving force, so the energy consumption is low, and the investment cost is low. In addition, the forward osmosis membrane component 20 is adopted to almost completely intercept a plurality of pollutants, the separation effect is good, the membrane pollution is low, and the membrane does not need to be frequently cleaned, so the continuous operation time is long, and the concentration efficiency is improved.
In a further embodiment, the first and second inlets are disposed on opposite sides of the forward osmosis membrane module 20. The feeding mode of raw milk and the drawing liquid is cross flow, the concentration difference of the raw milk and the drawing liquid at two sides of the forward osmosis membrane is increased, the penetration difference is correspondingly increased, and the concentration efficiency is further improved.
In a further embodiment, a reverse osmosis membrane regeneration device is also connected to the draw solution storage tank 30. Specifically, the reverse osmosis membrane regeneration device further comprises: the reverse osmosis membrane module 40 and the water storage tank 60, wherein a second drawing liquid inlet and a second drawing liquid outlet are arranged on the drawing liquid storage tank 30; the reverse osmosis membrane module 40 is adapted to perform reverse osmosis treatment on the draw solution in the draw solution storage tank 30; the reverse osmosis membrane module 40 includes: the reverse osmosis membrane element is provided with a second draw solution circulating unit and a clear water circulating unit which are arranged on two sides of the reverse osmosis membrane element; a third inlet and a third outlet are arranged on the second drawing liquid circulating unit, and a fourth outlet is arranged on the clear water circulating unit; the water storage tank 60 is provided with a water inlet on the water storage tank 60, and is suitable for storing water produced in the reverse osmosis treatment process; the water inlet is connected with the fourth outlet; the third inlet is connected with the second drawing liquid outlet, and the third outlet is connected with the second drawing liquid inlet. After the raw milk is concentrated in the forward osmosis membrane module 20, small molecules in the raw milk, such as water, enter the draw solution, thereby thinning it. The reverse osmosis membrane module 40 can perform reverse osmosis treatment on the drawn liquid in the drawn liquid storage tank 30, so that the drawn liquid is converted from thin to thick to recover higher concentration, and therefore, the reverse osmosis membrane module can be continuously used for performing concentration treatment on raw milk, and the concentration effect is improved.
In a further embodiment, the water storage tank 60 is further provided with a water outlet, and the forward osmosis membrane assembly 20 is further provided with a cleaning water outlet, wherein the water outlet is connected with the cleaning water inlet in the forward osmosis membrane assembly 20. Like this, after forward osmosis membrane subassembly 20 long-time operation, can utilize the water that produces among the reverse osmosis treatment process, the water economy resource, can improve the efficiency of forward osmosis moreover through the washing of forward osmosis membrane subassembly 20.
In a further embodiment, the forward osmosis membrane is a 4040FO membrane and the forward osmosis membrane module 20 is preferably a hollow fiber membrane module, a spiral wound membrane module or a plate and frame membrane module. The forward osmosis membrane functions according to the following principle: when the raw milk and the drawing liquid on both sides of the forward osmosis membrane form osmotic pressure, small molecules in the raw milk, such as water, can flow from the raw milk with lower osmotic pressure to the drawing liquid with higher osmotic pressure through the forward osmosis membrane with selective permeability, so that concentrated milk is obtained.
Of course, the materials of the forward osmosis membrane include, but are not limited to, polyamide membranes and/or cellulose acetate homogeneous membranes. Of course, the same forward osmosis membrane may be used in one forward osmosis membrane assembly 20, or multiple forward osmosis membranes may be used in one forward osmosis membrane assembly 20, and the specific structure is not limited, and those skilled in the art will understand that the detailed description is omitted here.
In the specific operation process, a person skilled in the art can select the size and the number of the forward osmosis membrane assemblies 20 according to the handling capacity of raw milk, for example, the device may include a plurality of forward osmosis membrane assemblies 20 arranged in parallel, and a plurality of forward osmosis membranes may also be arranged in the forward osmosis membrane assemblies 20, so as to implement the concentration treatment of milk with different handling capacities.
In a further embodiment, the first outlet of the forward osmosis membrane module 20 is connected to a concentrated milk inlet in the milk tank 10. In this way, the concentrated milk generated by forward osmosis treatment is returned to the milk storage tank 10, and the raw milk and the concentrated milk mixed in the milk storage tank 10 are conveyed to the forward osmosis membrane assembly 20 for forward osmosis treatment, so that a circulation loop of the concentrated milk is formed, the continuous circulation concentration treatment of the milk is realized, and the concentration effect can be effectively provided. The milk is concentrated by adopting a single-stage intermittent circulation concentration mode in the embodiment, and compared with a multi-stage circulation concentration mode, the concentration ratio of the milk is easier to control through concentration time, and the equipment investment is low.
In a further embodiment, the reverse osmosis membrane module 40 is a wound membrane module. The working principle of the reverse osmosis membrane is as follows: applying pressure to the draw solution on one side of the reverse osmosis membrane, so that when the pressure exceeds the osmotic pressure of the draw solution, the solvent water in the draw solution can be separated out through the reverse osmosis membrane, and the permeated solvent, namely water, is obtained on the low-pressure side of the reverse osmosis membrane; the high pressure side obtains a concentrated solution, namely a concentrated draw solution.
In a further embodiment, the milk thickening apparatus further comprises a first pump 11, a second pump 31, a third pump 32 and a fourth pump 61, wherein the first pump 11 is arranged on a line connecting the first outlet with the inlet for the thickened milk, the second pump 31 is arranged on a line connecting the second inlet with the first outlet for the dip-solution, the third pump 32 is arranged on a line connecting the third inlet with the second outlet for the dip-solution, and the fourth pump 61 is arranged on a line connecting the outlet with the inlet for the water. The speed of the forward osmosis treatment and the reverse osmosis treatment can be controlled by pumps connected in series to the pipeline. In addition, a regulating valve 50 is provided on the line connecting the third outlet to the second draw solution inlet. The concentration of the concentrated draw solution generated in the reverse osmosis process can be controlled by the regulating valve 50.
In a further embodiment, the milk concentration device further comprises a central controller and a liquid level controller arranged on the inner wall of the drawing liquid storage tank 303, wherein the central controller is used for performing on-off control on the first pump 11, the second pump 31, the third pump 32 and the fourth pump 61; the detection signal input end of the liquid level controller is connected with the liquid drawing storage tank 30, and the liquid level controller is electrically connected with a switch of the third pump 32. The central controller makes the process operation of the device simple, convenient and flexible, and can open the machine according to the actual condition of treatment; the liquid level controller automatically starts to operate to carry out reverse osmosis concentration on the drawn liquid by detecting the liquid level in the drawn liquid storage tank 30, so that the drawn liquid volume ensures dynamic balance, and the drawn liquid circulating unit is relatively independent and only exchanges solute with the outside, so that the dilution speed of the drawn liquid in forward osmosis and the concentration speed of reverse osmosis can be ensured to be balanced by controlling the dynamic balance of the volume, and the purposes of raw milk concentration and drawn liquid cyclic utilization are achieved.
Based on the concentration treatment method, the invention also provides a forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration treatment method, which comprises the following steps: raw milk and a drawing liquid are conveyed to a forward osmosis membrane assembly 20 to form a milk circulation unit and a first drawing liquid circulation unit, and forward osmosis treatment is performed on the raw milk by using the drawing liquid to obtain concentrated milk and a drawing dilute liquid. The treatment method carries out forward osmosis concentration on the raw milk by using the drawing liquid, does not need heating or condensation, and therefore does not damage the original components of the milk. Meanwhile, the equipment is simple, and forward osmosis is a membrane separation process which spontaneously realizes water transfer by taking osmotic pressure difference on two sides of the osmotic membrane as a driving force, so the energy consumption is low, and the investment cost is low. In addition, the forward osmosis membrane component 20 is adopted to almost completely intercept a plurality of pollutants, the separation effect is good, the membrane pollution is low, and the membrane does not need to be frequently cleaned, so the continuous operation time is long, and the concentration efficiency is improved.
In a further embodiment, before the step of returning the draw thin solution to the forward osmosis membrane module 20, the treatment method further comprises the steps of conveying the draw thin solution to a reverse osmosis membrane module 40 for reverse osmosis treatment to obtain a concentrated draw solution and water; the concentrated draw solution is returned to the forward osmosis membrane module 20 for recycling. Before the dilute liquid is drawn and returned to the forward osmosis membrane component 20, the dilute liquid is drawn and subjected to reverse osmosis concentration treatment to obtain high-concentration concentrated draw liquid, then the concentrated draw liquid is conveyed to the forward osmosis membrane component 20 to perform forward osmosis treatment on the raw milk, and the high-concentration concentrated draw liquid ensures the longer-time operation of a concentrated milk circulation loop, so that the concentration effect of the milk is further improved.
In a further embodiment, after the step of reverse osmosis treatment, the method further comprises returning part of the concentrated draw solution to the forward osmosis membrane module 20 for recycling, and returning the rest of the concentrated draw solution to the reverse osmosis membrane module 40 for recycling.
After the step of reverse osmosis treatment, returning part of the concentrated draw solution to the forward osmosis membrane module 20, enabling the continuation of the forward osmosis concentration treatment circuit of the milk; and the residual concentrated draw solution returns to the reverse osmosis membrane component 40 to form a concentrated draw solution circulation loop, and the two circulation loops ensure the continuous operation of the whole concentration system and the continuous concentration of raw milk and the cyclic utilization of the draw solution.
In a further embodiment, the draw solution and raw milk are fed in a counter-current manner during forward osmosis treatment. Raw milk and the drawing liquid adopt a countercurrent feeding mode, the maximum concentration difference of the solutions at two sides of the forward osmosis membrane is kept to the maximum degree, namely the osmotic pressure difference at two sides of the forward osmosis membrane is kept to the maximum, and the concentration efficiency is accelerated. Wherein the drawing solution is a sucrose solution. Compared with the traditional ionic type drawing liquid, even if a small amount of the ionic type drawing liquid enters the milk end, the salt reaction phenomenon cannot occur, and the milk cannot be polluted; in addition, the sucrose has large molecular weight, high osmotic pressure and good suction effect.
In a further embodiment, after the forward osmosis treatment and the reverse osmosis treatment are completed, the treatment method further comprises the step of flushing the forward osmosis membrane module 20 and the reverse osmosis membrane module 40 with water generated in the reverse osmosis treatment step. The steps reasonably utilize water generated by reverse osmosis, waste of water resources is avoided, and the forward osmosis membrane component 20 and the reverse osmosis membrane component 40 after flushing have better osmosis effect, thereby being beneficial to improving the efficiency of subsequent re-osmosis treatment.
Wherein the treatment temperature in the forward osmosis treatment and the reverse osmosis treatment is the temperature. The treatment process can be carried out at room temperature, so that the energy consumption is reduced, and the cost is saved. In particular, forward osmosis treatment is carried out at normal temperature, so that the original components of the milk are not damaged, and the nutritional ingredients and the taste of the concentrated milk are ensured.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
50kg of raw milk is filled into a milk storage tank, the initial concentration of the raw milk is 0.8% Brix, the initial concentration of the raw milk is 12% of solid content, a sucrose aqueous solution drawing liquid with the initial concentration of 10.0% Brix is filled into a drawing liquid storage tank, and 3 polyamide roll-type forward osmosis membranes with the model number of 4040 are arranged in a forward osmosis membrane module. Starting the device, measuring that the initial flux of the forward osmosis membrane is 5.6LMH, the initial removal rate of the reverse osmosis membrane is 98 percent, the initial water concentration of the reverse osmosis membrane is 0.3 percent Brix, the membrane front pressure of the reverse osmosis system is 70psi, and the recovery rate of the reverse osmosis membrane system is 40 percent. After the device operates for 7 hours, when the operation is finished, the concentration of the concentrated milk is 6.0% Brix, the solid content of the concentrated milk is 50.2%, the concentration of a drawing solution is 10.5% Brix, the flux of a forward osmosis membrane is 0.5LMH, the rejection rate of the reverse osmosis membrane is 85%, and the water production concentration of the reverse osmosis membrane is 1.2% Brix; 12kg of concentrated milk is produced, i.e. the milk is concentrated 4.2 times.
Examples 2 to 9
Examples 2 to 9 were carried out based on example 1 by adjusting the reverse osmosis system pressure, the RO system recovery rate, the reverse osmosis treatment time, and the draw solution.
Example 2, reverse osmosis system membrane pressure 100psi, plant run time 6 hours, otherwise the same as example 1, produced 11.6kg of concentrated milk with 51.7% concentrated milk solids.
Example 3, reverse osmosis system membrane pressure 150psi, plant run time 4 hours, otherwise as in example 1, produced 11.8kg of concentrated milk with 50.8% solids.
Example 4 reverse osmosis system membrane front pressure 225psi, plant run time 3 hours, otherwise as in example 1, produced 11.6kg of concentrated milk with 51.7% concentrated milk solids.
Example 5, reverse osmosis system pressure before membrane 150psi, system recovery 50%, plant run time 4 hours, otherwise the same as example 1, produced 8.5kg of concentrated milk with 70.6% solids.
Example 6, reverse osmosis system pressure before membrane 150psi, system recovery 70%, plant run time 4 hours, otherwise the same as example 1, produced 7kg of concentrated milk with 85.7% solids.
Example 7, reverse osmosis system pressure before membrane 100psi, system recovery 40%, plant run time 3 hours, otherwise the same as example 1, produced 19kg of concentrated milk with 31.5% concentrated milk solids.
Example 8, reverse osmosis system membrane pressure 100psi, system recovery 40%, plant run time 4 hours, otherwise the same as example 1, produced 16kg of concentrated milk with 46.1% concentrated milk solids.
Example 9, reverse osmosis system membrane pressure 100psi, system recovery 40%, plant run time 8 hours, otherwise the same as example 1, produced 11kg of concentrated milk with 54.5% concentrated milk solids.
Comparative example 1
50kg of raw milk, having an initial concentration of 0.8% Brix, was filled into a milk storage tank and concentrated by a reverse osmosis membrane treatment system comprising 3 4040 reverse osmosis membrane elements. And starting the device, wherein after the device runs for 0.6h, because the water production side of the reverse osmosis membrane does not output water basically, the milk concentration process is finished, and 7kg of concentrated milk is obtained, namely the milk is concentrated by 7 times.
Comparative example 1
50kg of raw milk is filled into a milk storage tank, the initial concentration of the raw milk is 12% of solid content, 30 liters of sucrose aqueous solution draw solution with the initial concentration of 10.0% Brix is filled into a draw solution storage tank, and 3 polyamide roll type forward osmosis membranes with the model number of 4040 are arranged in a forward osmosis membrane module. Starting the device, measuring the initial flux of the forward osmosis membrane to be 5.6LMH, measuring the concentration of the draw solution to be 6.5% Brix and the flux of the forward osmosis membrane to be 0LMH after the device operates for 7 hours and the operation is finished; the draw volume was 45L, yielding 35kg of concentrated milk with a solid content of 17.1%.
Example of detection
Taking the concentrated milk prepared in the example 1 and the concentrated milk prepared in the comparative example 1 by adopting a reverse osmosis treatment system to perform sensory evaluation experiments, and performing sensory evaluation on four aspects of color, aroma, taste and cup hanging by 30 professional sensory evaluators, wherein the color mainly evaluates the browning degree of heat treatment of the product, and the browning degree is high and low in score; evaluating the special milk flavor of the product; the mouthfeel mainly evaluates whether the product has astringent feeling, the stronger the astringent feeling is, the lower the score is, the hanging cup mainly evaluates the thin thickness of the product, and the over-thin and over-thick are both low scores. The sensory evaluation results are shown in table 1; examples 1-9 test parameters and milk solids results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 sensory evaluation of concentrated milk
Table 2 examples 1-9 test parameters and milk solids results
From the above experimental results, 30 professional sensory panel panelists gave 96.2, 95.3, 97.8 and 94.3 scores for color, flavor, taste and crocking of the concentrated milk obtained by the forward osmosis treatment, and the scores for color, flavor, taste and crocking of the concentrated milk obtained by the reverse osmosis treatment were 91.7, 90.3, 92.7 and 89.5, respectively. Therefore, the concentrated milk obtained by adopting the forward osmosis treatment has obviously better sensory evaluation than the concentrated milk obtained by adopting the reverse osmosis treatment. From table 2, it can be seen that a higher concentration of concentrated milk can be obtained using the forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration apparatus and treatment method.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Claims (10)
1. A forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device is characterized by comprising:
the milk storage tank is provided with a raw milk outlet and a concentrated milk inlet;
the device comprises a drawing liquid storage tank, a first drawing liquid inlet and a first drawing liquid outlet, wherein the drawing liquid storage tank is provided with the first drawing liquid inlet and the first drawing liquid outlet;
the forward osmosis membrane component is suitable for performing forward osmosis treatment on the raw milk conveyed in the milk storage tank; the forward osmosis membrane component comprises a forward osmosis membrane element, and a milk circulating unit and a first drawing liquid circulating unit which are arranged on two sides of the forward osmosis membrane element; the milk circulating unit is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet, and the first drawing liquid circulating unit is provided with a second inlet and a second outlet;
wherein the first inlet is connected to the raw milk outlet; the first drawing liquid inlet is connected with the second outlet, and the first drawing liquid outlet is connected with the second inlet.
2. The forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reverse osmosis membrane regeneration device is further connected to the draw solution storage tank.
3. The forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device according to claim 2, wherein the reverse osmosis membrane regeneration device further comprises:
the drawing liquid storage tank is provided with a second drawing liquid inlet and a second drawing liquid outlet;
the reverse osmosis membrane module is suitable for performing reverse osmosis treatment on the drawing liquid in the drawing liquid storage tank; the reverse osmosis membrane module comprises: the reverse osmosis membrane element is provided with a second draw solution circulating unit and a clear water circulating unit which are arranged on two sides of the reverse osmosis membrane element; a third inlet and a third outlet are arranged on the second drawing liquid circulating unit, and a fourth outlet is arranged on the clear water circulating unit;
the water storage tank is provided with a water inlet and is suitable for storing water produced in the reverse osmosis treatment process;
wherein the water inlet is connected to the fourth outlet; the third inlet is connected with the second drawing liquid outlet, and the third outlet is connected with the second drawing liquid inlet.
4. The forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentrating device according to claim 3, wherein a liquid level controller is arranged on the inner wall of the drawing liquid storage tank and is adapted to ensure that the volume of the drawing liquid is kept in dynamic balance.
5. The forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentrating device according to claim 3, wherein the water storage tank is further provided with a water outlet, the forward osmosis membrane module is further provided with a clean water inlet, and the water outlet is connected with the clean water inlet of the forward osmosis membrane module.
6. The forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentrating device according to claim 3, wherein the reverse osmosis membrane module is a roll-type membrane module.
7. The forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentrating device according to claim 1, wherein the forward osmosis membrane element is a hollow fiber membrane element, a spiral wound membrane element or a plate and frame membrane element.
8. The forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combination milk concentration device of claim 1, wherein the first outlet is connected to the concentrated milk inlet.
9. The forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration device according to claim 1, wherein the draw solution is a sucrose solution.
10. A forward osmosis-reverse osmosis combined milk concentration treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
conveying raw milk and a drawing liquid into a forward osmosis membrane component to form a milk circulation unit and a first drawing liquid circulation unit, and performing forward osmosis treatment on the raw milk by using the drawing liquid to obtain concentrated milk and a drawing dilute solution;
conveying the drawn dilute solution to a reverse osmosis membrane assembly to form a second drawn solution circulating unit and a clear water circulating unit, and performing reverse osmosis treatment to obtain a concentrated drawn solution and clear water;
returning part of the concentrated draw solution to the forward osmosis membrane module for recycling, and returning the rest concentrated draw solution to the reverse osmosis membrane module for recycling;
and after the forward osmosis treatment is finished, flushing the forward osmosis membrane component with clean water produced by the reverse osmosis treatment.
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