CN113455465B - Method for constructing nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cell - Google Patents
Method for constructing nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cell Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0271—Chimeric animals, e.g. comprising exogenous cells
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2207/00—Modified animals
- A01K2207/12—Animals modified by administration of exogenous cells
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/10—Mammal
- A01K2227/105—Murine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
- A01K2267/0331—Animal model for proliferative diseases
Abstract
The invention provides a construction method of a nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells, and relates to the technical field of animal models. The LNCaP cell injection is obtained by processing LNCaP cells and matrigel; the LNCaP cell injection was aspirated through a skin test needle, air was aspirated to form a mixture, and the mixture was injected into the right forelimb axilla of a male nude mouse. The invention considers a novel prostate cancer LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model in subcutaneous oxygen environment, realizes the shortening of the tumorigenic cycle, effectively improves the growth speed of the transplanted tumor and the tumorigenic rate of the LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model at the same time, and lays a foundation for the basic experiment research of prostate disease diagnosis and treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal models, in particular to a construction method of a nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells.
Background
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men, and it accounts for the second place of cancer-related mortality in the united states. Recent research data show that the standard morbidity and mortality of the prostate cancer also rapidly rise along with the aging of the population and the change of diet and living habits in China. Most prostate cancers are androgen-dependent at the time of diagnosis, and surgical, pharmaceutical, and radiation therapy methods are effective. However, once prostate cancer acquires an androgen-independent growth pattern, existing therapies become refractory, and 5-year survival rates are only 30%, and this data has not been significantly advanced since 1973. It is particularly necessary to find new treatment strategies such as tumor-targeted drug development to improve the survival rate of patients. In the process, the prostate cancer animal model is an indispensable condition for researching the occurrence, development and diagnosis and treatment of the prostate cancer, and can play a bridge role in the conversion from drug development to clinic. PC-3, DU145 and LNCaP cells are 3 classical cells of human prostate cancer cells, of which LNCaP cells are the only tumor cells that highly express the Androgen Receptor (AR). AR plays an important role in the development and invasion of prostate cancer, and the LNCaP cell nude mouse transplantation model can well simulate the clinical pathophysiological process of the prostate cancer conversion from an androgen-dependent state to an androgen-independent state, so the LNCaP cell animal model is considered to be an animal model close to the occurrence and development of human prostate cancer.
Because the nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model has the advantages of simple tumor formation, easy tumor observation, convenient intratumoral administration and the like, the tumor formation method is often used for animal experimental research. However, the tumor formation period of prostate cancer cell transplantation of the existing nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of prostate cancer LNCaP cells is long.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a construction method of a nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells, which solves the problem that the tumor formation period of the existing nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of the prostate cancer LNCaP cells is long.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for constructing a nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells, which comprises the following steps:
s1, processing LNCaP cells and matrigel to obtain an LNCaP cell injection;
s2, pumping the LNCaP cell injection through a skin test needle, pumping air to form a mixture, and injecting the mixture into the right forelimb armpit of the male nude mouse.
Preferably, the LNCaP cell injection is an LNCaP cell suspension containing liquid matrigel, and the volume of the liquid matrigel and the LNCaP cell suspension is equal.
Preferably, the processing of the LNCaP cells and the matrigel to obtain the LNCaP cell injection comprises:
s101, putting matrigel into a refrigerator at 4 ℃ from-20 ℃ in advance to enable the matrigel to be liquid;
s102, taking LNCaP cells out of the T25 cell culture bottle, then pouring old culture solution in the T25 cell culture bottle into a waste liquid cylinder, rinsing the taken LNCaP cells once by using phosphate buffer solution, adding pancreatin, putting into an incubator, and taking out after 3min;
s103, adding 2ml of DMEM/F12 culture medium of fetal bovine serum into each T25 cell culture bottle, then placing LNCaP cells into the T25 cell culture bottle, and sucking the digested LNCaP cells into a 15ml centrifugal tube after blowing for 4-5 times;
s104, centrifuging a 15ml centrifuge tube for 3min under the condition of a rotating speed of 1000 rmp;
s105, discarding the supernatant, and rinsing the cells for 2 times by using a phosphate buffer solution;
s106, fully blowing 15ml of cell suspension separated from the phosphate buffer solution in the heart tube on ice, and adjusting the cell concentration to be 5 multiplied by 10 6 And (2) adding the matrigel with the same volume into the LNCaP cell suspension, and lightly blowing, beating and uniformly mixing to obtain the LNCaP cell injection.
Preferably, the S102 to S106 are operated on a sterilized clean bench.
Preferably, the S102 removed LNCaP cells are in log phase growth.
Preferably, the mixture comprises 0.2ml of the LNCaP cell injection solution and 0.2ml of air.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
the initial tumor formation time of the nude mice was observed every three days, and the initial formation of the transplanted tumor was judged according to the following criteria: nodules protruding from the surface of the skin of the nude mice, 3mm in diameter, were visible to the naked eye and were then observed to gradually increase in tumor formation.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
after the subcutaneous transplanted tumor is formed, the maximum long diameter and the maximum short diameter of the transplanted tumor are measured by a vernier caliper, and then the volume of the subcutaneous transplanted tumor is calculated, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: volume = π/6 × maximum long diameter of the graft × maximum short diameter of the graft.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for constructing a nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the invention considers a novel prostate cancer LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model in a subcutaneous oxygen environment, realizes shortening the tumorigenicity period, effectively improves the growth speed of the transplanted tumor and the tumorigenicity rate of the LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model, and lays a foundation for the basic experimental research of prostate disease diagnosis and treatment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the initial tumor formation time of a nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model with LNCaP cells in the first comparative experiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the growth curve of the subcutaneous tumor transplantation time of the nude mice with LNCaP cells in the first comparative experiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the body weight change of the nude mice in the second comparative experiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for constructing a human prostate cancer LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model, solves the technical problem of low tumor formation rate of prostate cancer cell transplantation of the existing prostate cancer LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model, shortens the tumor formation period, and effectively improves the growth speed of transplanted tumors and the tumor formation rate of the LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model.
In order to solve the technical problems, the general idea of the embodiment of the application is as follows:
the existing naked mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of the prostate cancer LNCaP cells is short of consideration of an oxygen environment and poor in blood supply, so that the tumor formation period of the prostate cancer cell transplantation is long, the tumor formation rate is low, the tumor formation time is low even after matrigel is added, the growth speed of transplanted tumors is slow, and the difference is large.
In order to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for constructing a nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
s1, processing LNCaP cells and matrigel to obtain an LNCaP cell injection;
s2, pumping the LNCaP cell injection through a skin test needle, pumping air to form a mixture, and injecting the mixture into the right forelimb armpit of the male nude mouse.
The embodiment of the invention considers a novel prostate cancer LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model in a subcutaneous oxygen environment to improve the tumor formation rate of prostate cancer and shorten the tumor formation time, thereby laying a foundation for basic experimental research of prostate disease diagnosis and treatment.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail, and designs comparative experiments to verify the effectiveness of the embodiments of the present invention.
Before the LNCaP cell is processed, the embodiment of the invention further comprises: human prostate cancer LNCaP cells were purchased from the cell resource center of the china academy of sciences cell bank/shanghai life science research institute of china academy of sciences, and were cultured in T25 cell culture flasks.
The main reagents used in the implementation of the invention comprise: DMEM/F12 culture medium, fetal bovine serum, 0.25% pancreatin containing EDTA and basement membrane matrigel.
The main materials used in the implementation of the invention include: a centrifuge tube, a T25 cell culture bottle, a 1ml disposable sterile syringe, a pipette tip and a pipette tip.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step S1, processing the LNCaP cell and the matrigel to obtain an LNCaP cell injection, includes:
s101, putting matrigel into a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃ from minus 20 ℃ in advance for 30min to enable the matrigel to be in a liquid state, and disinfecting a super clean bench for 30min;
s102, after disinfection, taking out LNCaP cells in a logarithmic growth phase from a T25 cell culture bottle, pouring an old culture solution in the T25 cell culture bottle into a waste liquid tank, rinsing the taken-out LNCaP cells for one time by using Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS), adding 0.25% pancreatin, putting into an incubator, and taking out after 3min;
s103, adding 2ml of DMEM/F12 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum into each T25 cell culture bottle, then placing LNCaP cells into the T25 cell culture bottle, blowing for 4-5 times, and then sucking the digested LNCaP cells into a 15ml centrifugal tube;
s104, placing a 15ml centrifugal tube in a centrifuge for centrifugation, and centrifuging for 3min at the rotation speed of 1000 rmp;
s105, discarding the supernatant, and rinsing the cells for 2 times by using PBS;
s106, fully blowing 15ml of cell suspension away from the phosphate buffer solution in the heart tube on ice, and adjusting the cell concentration to 5 multiplied by 10 6 And (4) adding an equal volume of matrigel into the LNCaP cell suspension by using a pipette, and gently blowing and uniformly mixing to obtain the LNCaP cell injection.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step S2, the LNCaP cell injection is pumped through a skin test needle, air is pumped in to form a mixture, and the mixture is injected into the armpit of the right forelimb of the nude mouse, which includes:
taking out the male nude mouse which is adaptively cultured for one week, pinching the skin of the neck and the back of the nude mouse by a left finger and a forefinger of one person, clamping the tail of the nude mouse by a little finger, and wiping the skin of the axilla of the right forelimb of the nude mouse by a cotton ball containing 75% alcohol by the right hand for disinfection before inoculation. The other assistant first draws in 0.2ml of LNCaP cell injection solution and then 0.2ml of air, and injects the resulting mixture into the axilla of the forelimb of the nude mouse using a 1ml skin test needle.
After the transplantation of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells according to the above procedure, the time of initial tumor formation in each nude mouse was observed every three days, and in order to discriminate from the cell suspension which had not been completely absorbed subcutaneously in nude mice, the initial tumor formation in the transplanted mice was judged according to the following criteria: nodules protruding from the surface of the skin of the nude mice, 3mm in diameter, were visible to the naked eye and were then observed to progressively increase to tumor formation. After the subcutaneous graft tumor is formed, the maximum major diameter and the maximum minor diameter of the graft tumor are measured by a vernier caliper, and then the volume of the subcutaneous graft tumor is calculated, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: volume = π/6 × maximum long diameter of the graft × maximum short diameter of the graft.
Comparative experiment one:
a batch of male Balbc nude mice that had been acclimatized for one week was first selected and randomly divided into four groups of 12 mice each.
Injecting 0.2ml of LNCaP cell suspension under the axilla of the forelimb of a first group of nude mice; injecting 0.2ml of LNCaP and matrigel suspension under the axilla of the forelimb of a second group of nude mice; injecting 0.2ml of LNCaP cell suspension and 0.2ml of air into the axilla of forelimb of a third group of nude mice; the operations proposed in the embodiments of the present invention were performed on a fourth group of nude mice.
After the transplantation of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells according to the above procedure, the time of initial tumor formation in each nude mouse was observed every three days, and in order to discriminate from the cell suspension which had not been completely absorbed subcutaneously in nude mice, the initial tumor formation in the transplanted mice was judged according to the following criteria: nodules protruding from the surface of the skin of the nude mice, 3mm in diameter, were visible to the naked eye and were then observed to gradually increase in tumor formation. After the subcutaneous graft tumor is formed, the maximum major diameter and the maximum minor diameter of the graft tumor are measured by a vernier caliper, and then the volume of the subcutaneous graft tumor is calculated, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: volume = π/6 × maximum long diameter of the graft × maximum short diameter of the graft.
LNCaP cells were observed for 90 days after subcutaneous tumorigenesis.
According to the recommendations of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, nude mice exhibited significant wasting, a 2 day reduction in body weight of more than 20% of the pre-test body weight, with the attendant problems of proneness, curling, skin shrinkage, significant reduction in activity, and were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The results are shown in table 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3.
TABLE 1 comparison of the number of tumors formed in nude mice with subcutaneous transplantable tumors and the time for initial tumor formation
bP <0.05 compared to LNCaP + matrigel group
As can be seen from Table 1 and FIGS. 1-2, the animal model designed according to the examples of the present invention has an early tumor formation time and a high tumor formation rate.
Comparative experiment two,
(1) A batch of 5-week-old male Balbc nude mice was selected, randomly divided into three groups of 12 mice each, and adaptively fed for one week.
(2) Taking out the nude mouse after being adaptively cultured for one week, pinching the skin on the back of the neck of the Balbc nude mouse by the thumb and the forefinger of one person, clamping the tail of the nude mouse by the little finger, and wiping the skin on the armpit of the right forelimb of the nude mouse by the right hand with a cotton ball containing 75% alcohol for disinfection before inoculation.
(3) The following operations were performed on a first group of nude mice: 0.2ml of LNCaP cell injection is firstly pumped in by an assistant through a 1ml skin test needle, then 0.2ml of air is pumped in, 0.4ml of LNCaP cell injection and air are injected under the armpit of the forelimb of the nude mouse, and the subcutaneous injection point is lightly pressed for 30s through an alcohol cotton ball after the injection is finished.
(4) The second group of nude mice underwent the following procedures: the air outlet of the pressure reducing valve is communicated with a rubber tube disinfected in advance, after the pressure reducing valve is adjusted and the pointer swings to low-speed airflow, the far end of the rubber tube is closed by the hemostatic forceps, and the rubber tube is prevented from bursting open. The assistant uses 1ml Pi Shizhen to firstly pump in 0.2ml LNCaP cell injection, then pumps in 0.2ml mixed gas containing 40% oxygen concentration from the rubber tube, and injects the mixture of LNCaP + matrigel +40% oxygen into the armpit of forelimb of nude mouse to complete the subcutaneous tumor formation of the group of LNCaP + matrigel +40% oxygen.
(5) The third group of nude mice performed the following operations: the assistant uses 1ml Pi Shizhen to firstly pump in 0.2ml LNCaP cell injection, then pumps in 0.2ml mixed gas containing 60% oxygen concentration from the rubber tube, and injects the mixture of LNCaP + matrigel +60% oxygen into the armpit of forelimb of nude mouse to complete the subcutaneous tumor formation of the group of LNCaP + matrigel +60% oxygen.
(6) Observing the general condition of the nude mice every 3 days after subcutaneous inoculation, wherein the observation contents comprise the changes of listlessness, independence and weight loss and the like; after the formation of the subcutaneous graft tumor, the maximum major diameter and the maximum minor diameter of the tumor were measured with a vernier caliper, and the volume of the subcutaneous graft tumor was calculated as = pi/6 × maximum major diameter of the graft tumor × maximum minor diameter of the graft tumor.
The results of the relevant experiments are shown in tables 2-3 and FIG. 4.
TABLE 2 weight change (g) of nude mice with subcutaneous transplantation tumor
Note: the weight comparison difference of the nude mice among the groups has no statistical significance, P is more than 0.05
TABLE 3 comparison of tumor formation rates and initial tumor formation times for subcutaneous transplantation tumor models
| Number of nodules | Tumor formation rate | Initial tumor formation time (day) | Mean time to tumor (day) | |
| |
4 | 36.36％ | 31,33,36,50 | 37.5 |
| Second group | 5 | 41.67％ | 40,44,57,62,62 | 53 |
| |
3 | 25％ | 44,50,67 | 52.67 |
The results show that the animal model designed by the invention has higher tumor growth speed.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention considers a novel prostate cancer LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model in a subcutaneous oxygen environment, realizes shortening of a tumor formation period, effectively improves the growth speed of transplanted tumors and the tumor formation rate of the LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model, and lays a foundation for basic experimental research of prostate disease diagnosis and treatment.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for constructing a naked mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, processing LNCaP cells and matrigel to obtain an LNCaP cell injection;
s2, pumping the LNCaP cell injection through a skin test needle, pumping air to form a mixture, and injecting the mixture into the right forelimb armpit of the male nude mouse;
the mixture comprised 0.2ml of lncap cell injection and 0.2ml of air.
2. The method for constructing the human prostate cancer LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of claim 1, wherein said LNCaP cell injection is LNCaP cell suspension containing liquid matrigel, and the volume of the liquid matrigel and the LNCaP cell suspension are equal.
3. The method for constructing the nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model with human prostate cancer LNCaP cells according to claim 1, wherein the LNCaP cells and the matrigel are processed to obtain the LNCaP cell injection, and the method comprises the following steps:
s101, putting the matrigel into a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃ from-20 ℃ in advance to enable the matrigel to be in a liquid state;
s102, taking LNCaP cells out of the T25 cell culture bottle, then pouring old culture solution in the T25 cell culture bottle into a waste liquid cylinder, rinsing the taken LNCaP cells once by using phosphate buffer solution, adding pancreatin, putting into an incubator, and taking out after 3min;
s103, adding 2ml of DMEM/F12 culture medium of fetal bovine serum into each T25 cell culture bottle, then placing LNCaP cells into the T25 cell culture bottle, blowing 4~5 times, and then sucking the digested LNCaP cells into a 15ml centrifugal tube;
s104, centrifuging a 15ml centrifuge tube for 3min at the rotation speed of 1000 rmp;
s105, discarding the supernatant, and rinsing the cells for 2 times by using a phosphate buffer solution;
s106, fully blowing 15ml of cell suspension away from the phosphate buffer solution in the heart tube on ice, and adjusting the cell concentration to 5 multiplied by 10 6 Per ml, adding into LNCaP cell suspension, etcAnd lightly blowing and beating the matrigel in volume to be uniformly mixed to obtain the LNCaP cell injection.
4. The method for constructing the nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model with human prostate cancer LNCaP cells according to claim 3, wherein S102 to S106 are performed on a sterilized clean bench.
5. The method for constructing the nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells according to claim 3, wherein the LNCaP cells taken out of S102 are in log phase growth.
6. The method of constructing the human prostate cancer LNCaP cell nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of any one of claims 1~5, further comprising:
the initial tumor formation time of the nude mice was observed every three days, and the initial formation of the transplanted tumor was judged according to the following criteria: nodules protruding from the surface of the skin of the nude mice, 3mm in diameter, were visible to the naked eye and were then observed to gradually increase in tumor formation.
7. The method for constructing the nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation model of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells according to claim 6, further comprising:
after the subcutaneous graft tumor is formed, the maximum major diameter and the maximum minor diameter of the graft tumor are measured by a vernier caliper, and then the volume of the subcutaneous graft tumor is calculated, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: volume = π/6 × maximum long diameter of the graft × maximum short diameter of the graft.
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