CN113455158A - Method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in tea garden environment - Google Patents
Method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in tea garden environment Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 308
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 78
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 64
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011276 addition treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020334 white tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/96—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation using ion-exchange
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting and comprises the following steps: s1, fertilizing for the first time; s2, fertilizing for the second time; s3, fertilizing for the third time; s4, sampling; s5, determining monitoring indexes; s6, determining a water sample analysis index detection method; s7, calculating the total runoff amount; s8, calculating the average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus; s9, calculating the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus; s10, counting data; and S11, data comparison. According to the method for reducing the non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the agriculture in the tea garden environment, the compound fertilizer is replaced by the 50% organic fertilizer, the conditioner is added, and the straw is covered, so that the nitrogen and phosphorus loss of soil can be effectively reduced, the runoff water quality of the tea garden can reach the national class II water standard, the runoff generation can be reduced, particularly, the straw covering measure has the best effect on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus, the loss of nutrients such as silt and nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced, and the method can be popularized and applied in tea production in future.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment.
Background
Non-point source pollution is also called non-point source pollution, mainly comprises soil silt particles, nutrient substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus, pesticides, various atmospheric particulates and the like, and enters water, soil or atmospheric environment in the modes of surface runoff, soil erosion, farmland drainage and the like. The method has the characteristics of randomness, universality, hysteresis, fuzziness, latency and the like, and increases the difficulty of corresponding research, treatment and management policy making.
The tea garden is usually built on a gentle slope with a certain height, so that the environmental requirement of tea tree growth is met, and the drainage capacity of the tea garden can be enhanced. In the management process of the tea garden, nitrogenous fertilizers and phosphatic fertilizers are required to be applied to meet the requirement of fertilizers required by tea tree growth as nutrition, and once rainfall occurs in the tea garden requiring good drainage, surface runoff is rapidly formed by rain water scouring soil and applied fertilizers are washed away, so that the fertilizers and rain water are wasted, low-pollution water is generated, and the water body is polluted. Therefore, how to reduce the runoff and reduce the loss of nutrients such as silt, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment comprises the following steps:
s1, fertilizing for the first time: fertilizing in a tea garden by adopting 50% of organic fertilizer and conditioner, and covering a layer of straws on the soil surface after fertilizing in the tea garden;
s2, fertilizing for the second time: cleaning the straws covered by the first fertilization, carrying out second fertilization in the tea garden by adopting 50% of organic fertilizer without applying a conditioner, and covering a layer of straws on the soil surface after the tea garden fertilization;
s3, fertilization for the third time: cleaning the straws covered by the second fertilization, carrying out the third fertilization in the tea garden by adopting urea, simultaneously not applying a conditioner, and covering a layer of straws on the soil surface after the fertilization in the tea garden;
s4, sampling: after the third fertilization period is finished, completing the third fertilization of the tea garden, and collecting water quality samples of surface runoff of 6 tea planting areas in the tea garden;
s5, explicit monitoring indexes: performing water sample analysis index test on the collected water quality sample, wherein the water sample analysis indexes comprise total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, nitrification nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and soluble phosphate;
s6, determining a water sample analysis index detection method: the total nitrogen is subjected to alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the total phosphorus is subjected to ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry, the ammonium nitrogen is subjected to a nano reagent spectrophotometry, the nitrated nitrogen is subjected to ion chromatography, the soluble nitrogen is subjected to alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the soluble phosphate is subjected to ion chromatography;
s7, calculating the total runoff: the total runoff is the sum of the inner diameter flow of the whole fertilization period, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Vgeneral assembly＝V1+V2+...+Vn
S8, calculating the average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus: the average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus is the total concentration sum of nitrogen and phosphorus measured in the whole fertilization period divided by the total detection times, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Caverage＝(C1+C2+...Cn)/n
S9, calculating the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus: the nitrogen and phosphorus amount lost through the ground runoff path is equal to the sum of the product of the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in each runoff water and the runoff water volume in the whole monitoring period. The calculation formula is as follows:
s10, data statistics: carrying out statistical analysis on the data of the total runoff amount, the average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus and the runoff loss amount;
s11, data comparison: comparing data obtained by the method for reducing the agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the tea garden, which is adopted in the past, and summarizing the reduction of the agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the environment of the tea garden at this time.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S1, in the first fertilization, the 50% organic fertilizer comprises rapeseed cakes, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium chloride and urea; the conditioner is a soil conditioner, the fertilization ratio of the conditioner to 50% of organic fertilizer is 1:1.5-2, and the fertilization ratio of rapeseed cakes, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and urea in the 50% of organic fertilizer is 30:1:4: 1.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S1, the fertilization period of the first fertilization is 3-4 months.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S2, in the second fertilization, the 50% organic fertilizer comprises a rapeseed cake, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and urea, and the fertilization ratio of the rapeseed cake, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the potassium chloride and the urea is 30:1:4: 1.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S2, the fertilization period of the second fertilization is 4-5 months.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S3, in the third fertilization, the fertilizing amount of the urea is 4-5 times of that in the first fertilization/the second fertilization.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S3, the fertilization period of the second fertilization is 3-4 months.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S9, P in the calculation formula is loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, and CiIs the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ith runoff water, ViThe volume of the ith runoff water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for reducing the non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the agriculture in the tea garden environment, the nitrogen and phosphorus loss of soil can be effectively reduced by adopting 50% of organic fertilizer to replace compound fertilizer, adding a conditioner and covering with straws, and the runoff water quality of the tea garden can reach the national class II water standard; meanwhile, the generation of runoff can be reduced by organic fertilizer substitution, soil conditioner addition and straw covering, particularly, straw covering measures have the best effect on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus, the loss of nutrients such as silt, nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced, and the method can be popularized and applied in tea production in future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sampling point location of a tea garden in a method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of runoff rate with time for different treatments in the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the time-dependent change of the total nitrogen concentration in runoff subjected to different treatments in the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the time-dependent change of the concentration of soluble nitrogen in runoff subjected to different treatments in the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change of the ammonia nitrogen concentration in runoff in different treatments with time in the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the tea garden environment provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change of nitrate nitrogen concentration in runoff of different treatments with time in the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the time-dependent change of the total phosphorus concentration in runoff subjected to different treatments in the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the time-dependent change of the concentration of soluble phosphorus in runoff subjected to different treatments in the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a histogram of the reduction rate of treatment (50% replacement by organic fertilizer) in the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a bar graph of the reduction rate of treatment (50% organic fertilizer replacement + conditioner) in the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a bar graph of the reduction rate of treatment (50% organic fertilizer replacement + conditioner + straw coverage) in the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a bar graph of the contribution rate of 50% organic fertilizer substitution to nitrogen and phosphorus reduction in a method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a bar graph of the contribution rate of conditioner addition to nitrogen and phosphorus reduction in a method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a bar graph of the contribution rate of straw cover to nitrogen and phosphorus reduction in the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment comprises the following steps:
s1, fertilizing for the first time: fertilizing in a tea garden by adopting 50% of organic fertilizer and conditioner, and covering a layer of straws on the soil surface after fertilizing in the tea garden;
s2, fertilizing for the second time: cleaning the straws covered by the first fertilization, carrying out second fertilization in the tea garden by adopting 50% of organic fertilizer without applying a conditioner, and covering a layer of straws on the soil surface after the tea garden fertilization;
s3, fertilization for the third time: cleaning the straws covered by the second fertilization, carrying out the third fertilization in the tea garden by adopting urea, simultaneously not applying a conditioner, and covering a layer of straws on the soil surface after the fertilization in the tea garden;
s4, sampling: after the third fertilization period is finished, completing the third fertilization of the tea garden, and collecting water quality samples of surface runoff of 6 tea planting areas in the tea garden;
s5, explicit monitoring indexes: performing water sample analysis index test on the collected water quality sample, wherein the water sample analysis indexes comprise total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, nitrification nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and soluble phosphate;
s6, determining a water sample analysis index detection method: the total nitrogen is subjected to alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the total phosphorus is subjected to ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry, the ammonium nitrogen is subjected to a nano reagent spectrophotometry, the nitrated nitrogen is subjected to ion chromatography, the soluble nitrogen is subjected to alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the soluble phosphate is subjected to ion chromatography;
s7, calculating the total runoff: the total runoff is the sum of the inner diameter flow of the whole fertilization period, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Vgeneral assembly＝V1+V2+...+Vn
S8, calculating the average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus: the average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus is the total concentration sum of nitrogen and phosphorus measured in the whole fertilization period divided by the total detection times, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Caverage＝(C1+C2+...Cn)/n
S9, calculating the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus: the nitrogen and phosphorus amount lost through the ground runoff path is equal to the sum of the product of the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in each runoff water and the runoff water volume in the whole monitoring period. The calculation formula is as follows:
s10, data statistics: carrying out statistical analysis on the data of the total runoff amount, the average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus and the runoff loss amount;
s11, data comparison: comparing data obtained by the method for reducing the agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the tea garden, which is adopted in the past, and summarizing the reduction of the agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the environment of the tea garden at this time.
Specifically, in the step S1, in the first fertilization, the 50% organic fertilizer includes rapeseed cakes, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium chloride and urea; the conditioner is a soil conditioner, the fertilization ratio of the conditioner to 50% of organic fertilizer is 1:1.5-2, and the fertilization ratio of rapeseed cakes, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and urea in the 50% of organic fertilizer is 30:1:4: 1.
Specifically, in S1, the fertilization period for the first fertilization is 3-4 months.
Specifically, in the step S2, in the second fertilization, the 50% organic fertilizer includes a rapeseed cake, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and urea, and the fertilization ratio of the rapeseed cake, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the potassium chloride and the urea is 30:1:4: 1.
Specifically, in S2, the fertilization period of the second fertilization is 4-5 months.
Specifically, in the step S3, the amount of urea applied in the third fertilization is 4 to 5 times the amount of urea applied in the first fertilization/the second fertilization.
Specifically, in S3, the fertilization period of the second fertilization is 3-4 months.
Specifically, in S9, P in the calculation formula is loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, and CiIs the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ith runoff water, ViThe volume of the ith runoff water.
Example two:
based on the method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the tea garden environment, a test tea garden is selected for a comparison test, the test tea garden is a thousand mu white tea garden located in the Anyang county of Chunan county in Zhejiang province, is located at the north edge of a mid-subtropical monsoon climate zone, is clear in four seasons, rich in heat, sufficient in rainfall, sufficient in illumination and long in frostless period. The annual average temperature is 17 ℃, the lowest temperature (1 month) is 5 ℃, the highest temperature (7 months) is 28.9 ℃, the first frost appears in the last 11 months all the year round, the last frost appears in the last 3 months, and the average frost-free period is 260-270 days. The annual average precipitation is 1430mm, the annual rainy day is 155d, and the annual average relative humidity is 76%. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil are as follows: pH4.6, total nitrogen 2.5g/kg, total potassium 23.5g/kg, total phosphorus 0.75g/kg, available phosphorus 28mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 167mg/kg, and organic matter 56.3 g/kg. Four tea garden slope runoff plots are planned in the test tea garden, the area of each runoff plot is 4m multiplied by 7.5m, the gradient of each runoff plot is 30 degrees, and three groups of different fertilization methods are selected to perform comparison treatment with the method described in the first embodiment, and the method is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 fertilization scheme for different communities
As shown in Table 1, the number of the fertilizer is (i), (ii), and (iv), the number of the fertilizer is (i), (iv), and (iv), the number of the fertilizer is (iii), (iv), and (iv), the number of the fertilizer is (iv), and (iv), the number of the fertilizer is (iv), and the number of the fertilizer is (iv) the number of the fertilizer is (v).
As shown in fig. 1, after a fertilization period is finished, surface runoff of 6 tea planting areas is collected randomly (sampling monitoring is performed when runoff is formed), total nitrogen is detected by an alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry method, total phosphorus is detected by an ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry method, ammonium nitrogen is detected by a na's reagent spectrophotometry method, nitrified nitrogen is detected by an ion chromatography method, soluble nitrogen is detected by an alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry method, and soluble phosphate is detected by an ion chromatography method, and data is calculated according to the calculation method described in the first embodiment.
Meanwhile, the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in different treatments of 4 groups of test cells is expressed by reduction rate (%). Taking the reduction rate of total nitrogen loss as an example, the calculation formula is as follows:
② the total nitrogen loss reduction rate of treatment (50 percent organic fertilizer replacement) is (phi-phi) 100/phi
(iii) total nitrogen loss reduction rate of treatment (50% organic fertilizer replacement + conditioner) ((r) -c) × 100/r)
(phi-phi 100/phi) of total nitrogen loss reduction rate of treatment (50% organic fertilizer replacement, conditioner and straw coverage)
And meanwhile, the contribution rate (%) of different treatment nitrogen and phosphorus reduction of 4 groups of test cells is shown. Taking the contribution rate to the total nitrogen reduction as an example, the calculation formula is as follows:
the contribution rate of 50% organic fertilizer substitution treatment to total nitrogen reduction is (phi-phi) 100/phi
The contribution rate of the conditioner addition treatment to the total nitrogen reduction is (c-c) 100/c
The contribution rate of the straw covering treatment to the total nitrogen reduction is (tri-tetra) 100/tri
The monitoring results were as follows:
different processing run-off flows: after calculation, as shown in fig. 2, four columns are sequentially (i), (ii), and the total runoff quantity is (i)>②>③>Fourthly, the total runoff amount in the research period is respectively 100.3, 96.7, 88.7 and 74.2m3/hm2。
Different treatment of total nitrogen and phosphorus flow loss: as shown in Table 3, the total nitrogen and phosphorus loss during the study period is between 50.63-157.56 g/hm2，6.62～37.66g/hm2The loss of the conventional fertilizer applied to the tea garden is the largest, and the loss of the organic fertilizer substituted by the conditioner applied by the conditioner and the loss of the straw covered tea garden is the smallest.
TABLE 3 Total nitrogen-phosphorus nutrient loss for different treatments
And (3) reducing the total loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in different treatments: as can be seen from Table 4, runoff nitrogen and phosphorus reduction is calculated and processed by taking the nitrogen and phosphorus content of runoff processed by the traditional tea garden planting measures as a reference value. The reduction of total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus is treated>Treatment (III)>And processing step two. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus reduction amount can reach 106.93g/hm2And 96.68g/hm2The detail of the reduction amount of each index is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients by different treatments
And (3) reducing the total loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in different treatments: as shown in the figure 3-6, four columns are sequentially (i), (ii), and the average contents of total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in runoff water are (i)>②> ③>Fourthly, the total nitrogen content is 22.51, 16.37, 12.92 and 7.23mg/hm respectively2(ii) a The content of soluble nitrogen is respectively 19.39, 14.85, 11.17 and 5.58mg/hm 2; the ammonia nitrogen content is respectively 8.79, 6.84, 5.22 and 2.29mg/hm2(ii) a The content of nitrate and nitrogen is respectively 8.67, 6.51, 4.79 and 2.79mg/hm2。
Phosphorus content in runoff water treated differently: as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, four columns are (r), and the total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus content concentration in the runoff water are (r)>②>③>Fourthly, the total phosphorus content is respectively 5.38, 2.91, 2.21 and 0.95mg/hm2(ii) a The soluble phosphorus contents are respectively 2.02, 1.78, 0.67 and 0.46mg/hm2。
Nitrogen and phosphorus reduction rate in different treatments: as shown in FIGS. 9-11, the reduction rates of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, soluble phosphorus and soluble nitrogen in different treatments are (r) and (c). The treatment (50% organic fertilizer replacement, conditioner and straw coverage) has the most obvious effect of reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, the reduction rate of total phosphorus reaches 82.42%, the reduction rate of total nitrogen reaches 67.86%, the reduction rate of ammonia nitrogen reaches 73.99%, the reduction rate of nitrate nitrogen reaches 67.85%, the reduction rate of soluble phosphorus reaches 77.05%, and the reduction rate of soluble nitrogen reaches 71.22%.
The reduction of each nitrogen and phosphorus index in the water body by different treatments is shown as follows: the reduction rate of total phosphorus is highest in the treatment (50% organic fertilizer substitution) and the treatment (50% organic fertilizer substitution, conditioner and straw coverage), and respectively reaches 45.83% and 82.42%; processing (50% organic fertilizer replaces conditioner) has the highest reduction rate of soluble phosphorus, and reaches 66.67%.
Contribution rate of different measures to nitrogen and phosphorus reduction: as shown in fig. 12-14, the contribution rates of different measures to the total phosphorus and total nitrogen reduction are represented by that the straw coverage is more than 50% of organic fertilizer to replace the conditioner addition, and the maximum contribution rates respectively reach 57.31% and 44.03%; the contribution rates of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and soluble nitrogen are reduced, the straw coverage is greater than that of conditioner addition and is greater than 50% of organic fertilizer substitution, and the maximum contribution rates respectively reach 56.23%, 41.85% and 50.02%; the contribution rate of soluble phosphorus reduction is represented by that the conditioner is added, the straw coverage is greater than 50% of organic fertilizer substitution, and the maximum contribution rate reaches 62.14%.
Different runoff water quality treatment: as shown in Table 17, according to the environmental quality Standard for surface Water (GB 3838-.
TABLE 17 treatment of Nitrogen phosphorus nutrient concentrations
Ecological planting comprehensive measures and reasonable fertilization measures of the tea garden are that 50% organic fertilizer is replaced, a conditioner is added, and straw coverage effectively reduces soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss, and the runoff water quality of the tea garden can reach the national class II water standard. And fourthly, the treatment has the best effect on the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus, wherein the contribution rate of the straw coverage measure on the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus is the highest.
Reducing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in different treatments: compared with the traditional planting measures, the reduction effect of each nitrogen and phosphorus index of the treated organic fertilizer (50 percent of organic fertilizer is replaced, conditioner is added and straw is covered) is the best, and the reduction amount of total nitrogen and total phosphorus can reach 106.93 and 96.68g/hm at most2。
Nitrogen and phosphorus reduction rate in different treatments: compared with the traditional planting measures, the reduction rate of each nitrogen and phosphorus index of the treatment (50% organic fertilizer replacement, conditioner addition and straw coverage) is the highest, the total phosphorus reduction rate is up to 82.42%, the ammonia nitrogen reduction rate is up to 73.99%, and the total nitrogen reduction rate is up to 67.86%.
The nitrogen and phosphorus reduction contribution rate of different measures: the reduction contribution rates of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and soluble nitrogen of the straw covering measures are the highest and are respectively 57.31%, 44.03%, 56.23%, 41.85% and 50.02%, and the reduction contribution rate of soluble phosphorus of the conditioner adding measures is the highest and reaches 62.14%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for reducing the non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the agriculture in the tea garden environment, the nitrogen and phosphorus loss of soil can be effectively reduced by adopting 50% of organic fertilizer to replace compound fertilizer, adding a conditioner and covering with straws, and the runoff water quality of the tea garden can reach the national class II water standard; meanwhile, the generation of runoff can be reduced by organic fertilizer substitution, soil conditioner addition and straw covering, particularly, straw covering measures have the best effect on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus, the loss of nutrients such as silt, nitrogen and phosphorus is reduced, and the method can be popularized and applied in tea production in future.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in a tea garden environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, fertilizing for the first time: fertilizing in a tea garden by adopting 50% of organic fertilizer and conditioner, and covering a layer of straws on the soil surface after fertilizing in the tea garden;
s2, fertilizing for the second time: cleaning the straws covered by the first fertilization, carrying out second fertilization in the tea garden by adopting 50% of organic fertilizer without applying a conditioner, and covering a layer of straws on the soil surface after the tea garden fertilization;
s3, fertilization for the third time: cleaning the straws covered by the second fertilization, carrying out the third fertilization in the tea garden by adopting urea, simultaneously not applying a conditioner, and covering a layer of straws on the soil surface after the fertilization in the tea garden;
s4, sampling: after the third fertilization period is finished, completing the third fertilization of the tea garden, and collecting water quality samples of surface runoff of 6 tea planting areas in the tea garden;
s5, explicit monitoring indexes: performing water sample analysis index test on the collected water quality sample, wherein the water sample analysis indexes comprise total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, nitrification nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and soluble phosphate;
s6, determining a water sample analysis index detection method: the total nitrogen is subjected to alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the total phosphorus is subjected to ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry, the ammonium nitrogen is subjected to a nano reagent spectrophotometry, the nitrated nitrogen is subjected to ion chromatography, the soluble nitrogen is subjected to alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the soluble phosphate is subjected to ion chromatography;
s7, calculating the total runoff: the total runoff is the sum of the inner diameter flow of the whole fertilization period, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Vgeneral assembly＝V1+V2+...+Vn
S8, calculating the average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus: the average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus is the total concentration sum of nitrogen and phosphorus measured in the whole fertilization period divided by the total detection times, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Caverage＝(C1+C2+...Cn)/n
S9, calculating the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus: the nitrogen and phosphorus amount lost through the ground runoff path is equal to the sum of the product of the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in each runoff water and the runoff water volume in the whole monitoring period. The calculation formula is as follows:
s10, data statistics: carrying out statistical analysis on the data of the total runoff amount, the average concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus and the runoff loss amount;
s11, data comparison: comparing data obtained by the method for reducing the agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the tea garden, which is adopted in the past, and summarizing the reduction of the agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the environment of the tea garden at this time.
2. The method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the tea garden environment according to claim 1, wherein in the S1, in the first fertilization, the 50% organic fertilizer comprises rapeseed cakes, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium chloride and urea; the conditioner is a soil conditioner, the fertilization ratio of the conditioner to 50% of organic fertilizer is 1:1.5-2, and the fertilization ratio of rapeseed cakes, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and urea in the 50% of organic fertilizer is 30:1:4: 1.
3. The method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the tea garden environment according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the fertilization period of the first fertilization is 3-4 months.
4. The method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the tea garden environment according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, in the second fertilization, the 50% organic fertilizer comprises rapeseed cakes, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride and urea, and the fertilization ratio of the rapeseed cakes, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the potassium chloride and the urea is 30:1:4: 1.
5. The method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the tea garden environment according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the fertilization period of the second fertilization is 4-5 months.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the amount of urea applied is 4-5 times the amount of urea applied in the first fertilization/the second fertilization.
7. The method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the tea garden environment according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the fertilization period of the second fertilization is 3-4 months.
8. The method for reducing agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the tea garden environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S9, P in the calculation formula is the loss amount of nitrogen and phosphorus, C is the loss amount of nitrogen and phosphorusiIs the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ith runoff water, ViThe volume of the ith runoff water.
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