CN113453154A

CN113453154A - Related art for shared bicycle parking management

Info

Publication number: CN113453154A
Application number: CN202110843875.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘养明; 徐元昌; 刘宇崇; 赵思晓; 胡德赛
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-07-26
Filing date: 2021-07-26
Publication date: 2021-09-28

Abstract

A locking scheme of a shared bicycle comprises a mechanical organ, matched software and a logic algorithm, namely the logic algorithm that the shared bicycle can sense whether the shared bicycle is in a parking area of the shared bicycle according to a sensor positioned on a bicycle body, if so, the shared bicycle is allowed to be locked, otherwise, a signal is transmitted to prevent the shared bicycle from being locked; a mechanical structure which can reject the lock falling by blocking the lock tongue of the vehicle lock through a metal sheet; a method of rejecting a lock drop by ejecting a latch by transmitting a signal to a vehicle lock; a sensor identification scheme of Bluetooth, ultrasonic, radio frequency signal and visual processing; and a parking area arrangement method modeled by big data. The method is mainly used for the urban shared bicycle comprehensive treatment process.

Description

Related art for shared bicycle parking management

Technical Field

The invention relates to a comprehensive management scheme of a shared bicycle, which comprises a fixed-point locking of the shared bicycle and a matched parking area planning method, and is mainly applied to the parking management process of the shared bicycle in each city.

Background

According to data published by 2019 at the end of 8 months, which is a typical representative of a new state of transportation, 1950 thousands of shared vehicles cover 360 cities in the country, the number of registered users exceeds 3 hundred million people, and the daily average number of orders reaches 4700 thousands of orders. Since the sharing bicycle is put into use, the phenomena of lane occupation, disorderly parking and disorderly releasing and long dragon arrangement of the sharing bicycle are endless, and new troubles are brought to city management. Many cities have proposed a number of solutions to this clutter, but with little success. Since 2018, a Bluetooth spike technology is started in a parking area trial of a building door, Shenzhen, Xian and other urban parts, an invisible parking pile is formed by GPS Beidou and Bluetooth WiFi positioning and high-precision identification and prompt, a user can complete vehicle locking only by placing a shared single vehicle standard in a parking area, and therefore the user sees a favorable starting end. However, the bluetooth spike still has the problems of inflexible adjustment, difficult infrastructure modification, and the like. How to popularize and apply and adopt more scientific and effective information technology, and a long-acting solution is established by comprehensive management in multiple aspects, the project provides a sharing bicycle intelligent comprehensive management system, and the phenomena of 'road occupation' and 'random parking and random release' of the sharing bicycle which is serious and endless in hidden danger are solved through a management scheduling system of 'Beidou + sharing bicycle + big data + other technology comprehensive management'.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention relates to a locking scheme of a shared bicycle, which comprises a mechanical organ, matched software and a logic algorithm, and is characterized in that the shared bicycle can sense whether the shared bicycle is in a parking area of the shared bicycle according to a sensor, if so, the shared bicycle is allowed to be locked, otherwise, a signal is transmitted to prevent the shared bicycle from being locked.

1 Bluetooth pole parking scheme

1.1 brief introduction

It is desirable to achieve orderly parking of shared vehicles by a simple positioning technique.

1.2 background and Presence of the study

1.2.1 background and Presence of foreign research

The civil aspect of the Bluetooth positioning technology is not greatly required abroad, but the pure positioning technology is mature.

1.2.2 background and Presence of domestic research

The domestic application of bluetooth positioning technology has matured, especially for sharing a bicycle. It is already normal to assist unlocking with bluetooth when the signal is poor.

1.3 working principle and concept

1.3.1 principle of operation

When the Bluetooth is started, wireless signals can be transmitted and continuously expand to the periphery, and a spherical signal ring is emitted by taking the transmitting center as the center of a sphere. By the law of signal attenuation:

free-space propagation, power of radio signals being dependent on distance

Reduced to the power of transmission power of

Then, after a transmission distance of d meters, the signal power is received

And

proportional, and ideally, the attenuation of the signal power is proportional to the square of the transceiver distance as the radio wave propagates in free space. It is generally assumed that the reference antenna is an isotropic source, i.e. an antenna that radiates uniformly in all directions, with the radiated power passing uniformly through an area of

The received signal power can be expressed as follows:

wherein

And

power gains for the transmit antenna and the receive antenna, respectively; d is the distance between the transceivers; λ is the carrier wavelength, which is inverse to the radio carrier frequency f,

and c is the speed of light (about

). If the reference distance is taken

(typically 1 meter), then

The received signal strength of (a) is:

then the typical path loss model is as follows:

1.3.2 protocol assumptions

Through the calculation mode, a round surface is handed out between the ball generated by the wireless signal and the ground, so that the user can stop in the circle within the range, and the head of the vehicle faces the central rod, thereby realizing the situation of disordered and scattered vehicle placement. The problem of the orientation of the vehicle head is solved by detecting whether two devices on the vehicle are in the same straight line with the central rod, namely, the distance between the two devices is fixed, and the distance from the central rod to the device 1 is seen

Minus the distance of the central rod from the device 2

Whether it is the distance d between the two devices.

1.4 Innovation points

Shared parking of single vehicles with circle as boundary line by using only one rod

1.5 possibility of implementation, operability

The development of the Bluetooth positioning function at home and abroad is mature, the requirement on the technology is complemented, and people hope to fully use the technology to facilitate the daily life of people and beautify city construction.

A pole with a P mark is erected, and a Bluetooth signal transmitter and various processors are arranged in the pole. The specific power is adjusted according to the circle desired to be drawn.

1.6 possible problems

The long-time energy consumption needs to be supplemented regularly, but the supplementing interval is not too frequent.

Potential bicycle-to-bicycle interference problems.

The region of the parking spot is to be examined

2 ultrasonic road sign detection scheme

2.1 brief introduction

The ultrasonic detection system utilizes the radar principle, people erect low-cost road signs with specific reflection characteristics, and determine the self position through the identification of two adjacent road signs, thereby carrying out positioning operation.

2.2 background and State of the Art and at home and abroad

The technology of the radar in our school is advanced, and research and development work of related technologies can be carried out by depending on the technical means of the radar in our school.

Ultrasonic detection has been widely used at home and abroad, has relatively excellent performance in the aspects of automobile distance measurement and the like, and simultaneously has the research of imaging by related technologies. But the ultrasonic precise positioning is applied to the parking of a bicycle, and is still in a large blank stage at home and abroad at present.

2.3 working principle and concept

2.3.1 principle of operation

At the moment when the vehicle is parked and locked, the single vehicle sends out ultrasonic waves to measure surrounding objects.

After the two references are measured, a coordinate system is established, a rectangular range is calculated, and whether the vehicle is in the rectangular area or not is judged. If not, the vehicle will refuse to drop the lock (the lock automatically bounces), thereby achieving the purpose of parking in the specified area.

At the moment of lock falling, the bicycle releases the ultrasonic signal to carry out positioning.

2.3.2 protocol assumptions

Through the road sign pole of special shape (for saving cost, can use comparatively cheap wooden or stone's pole, also can tie the sign of specific shape on the light pole and for the detection).

After the reference position is determined, the bicycle can set a coordinate surface for accurate positioning, and information such as a parking space range is obtained from the identification shape, so that the parking area range is determined without a mobile phone.

If the range is exceeded, the bicycle will refuse to drop lock.

In the scheme, in order to avoid the shielding of the mark by objects such as people, the mark at a higher position can be adopted. This problem can be solved by binding the sign on top of the street light.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a

3.1 Innovation

The radar positioning principle is innovatively utilized in single-vehicle positioning.

3.2 feasibility

The key to the system is the design use of the tag and the determination of the location of the tag.

The solution is generally feasible.

3 floor coating optical treatment scheme

3.1 brief introduction

The area range of the parking area is detected by identifying the specific identification painted on the ground, so that the aim of parking the vehicle in the fixed area is fulfilled.

3.2.1 background and Presence of foreign research

Related identification technologies are being developed by many foreign enterprises. Google, microsoft, tesla, and others have used ground road marking optical identification technology to varying degrees for autonomous vehicles. However, the current identification equipment is usually expensive and is not suitable for being popularized and applied to the sharing bicycle produced at low cost.

2.2 background and Presence of domestic research

Related companies and technologies exist in China. However, under the requirements of complex road conditions and high stability of the shared bicycle, no lower-cost solution exists at present.

3.3 working principle and concept

3.3.1 principle of operation

And identifying the parking area through the difference between the optical properties of the ground of the vehicle parking fixed point area and other areas.

The ground is scanned through a special photosensitive lens.

FIG. 2

Floor paint identification schematic diagram of car

When entering the parking area from the outside, the ground sign with a specific shape is drawn outside the parking area. By scanning the corresponding identification, it is possible to know whether the bicycle enters or exits the parking area.

FIG. 3

Envisaged parking area identifier

And the vehicle-mounted scanner performs scanning and drawing, determines to enter a parking area through signal processing and comparison, and permits vehicle locking.

3.3.2 protocol assumptions

And marking by painting low-cost high-infrared-reflectivity paint or marks of special pattern graphs on the ground, and further drawing related areas in a circle. The method comprises the steps of mounting a relevant identification sensor at a frame or a lock of a shared bicycle, programming the lock, calling the sensor to identify when the lock is closed, and popping the lock once the identification is unsuccessful to refuse to close the lock.

However, there may be a case where there is a problem in recognition of rainy and snowy weather, and there may also be a possibility that the camera is blocked and manually removed, and a better protection measure for the camera is required.

4 radio frequency signal identification technology

4.1 background and Presence of the study

4.1.1 overview of radio frequency identification technology

A radio-frequency identification (RFID) system is composed of a reader (reader) and a tag (tag). RFID systems can be classified into the following three categories depending on the source of the electromagnetic field. In addition, there is a BAP (battery-assisted passive) tag that integrates ARPT and ARAT, which contains a small power supply that only operates when echoes are emitted, and thus behaves like ARPT but has its own power supply.

1. The reader receives the electromagnetic wave emitted by the tag, and the reader does not emit the electromagnetic wave, namely a Passive Reader Active Tag (PRAT).

2. The reader sends out electromagnetic waves, the tag also sends out electromagnetic waves (the energy source of the electromagnetic waves is the electromagnetic waves sent out by the reader), and the reader receives echoes, namely, an Active Reader Passive Tag (ARPT).

3. The reader sends out electromagnetic wave, after the tag receives the electromagnetic wave, the tag sends out electromagnetic wave by using self power supply, and the reader receives the electromagnetic wave, namely an Active Reader Active Tag (ARAT).

The operating frequency band of RFID systems ranges from low frequencies to microwaves. The transmission distance of ISO 18000-6 (or GB/T33848.3-2017) (860-960 MHz, 840-845 MHz and 920-925 MHz specified in China) positioned at ultrahigh frequency (UHF) can be controlled within 1-15 m, the cost is low, and the ultra-high frequency (UHF) IC card is used for expense IC cards and the like. The frequency band of the mobile phone communication is approximately distributed at 1-5 GHz, and the frequency bands of Bluetooth and WiFi are mainly near 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz, so that the RFID can not interfere with the normal life of a user and is not easy to be interfered. The RFID communication depends on radio frequency electromagnetic waves, so that the RFID communication is not easily influenced by visible light and temperature change caused by cloudy, sunny, rainy and snowy weather and day and night alternation.

The existing anti-collision technology can realize serial and parallel reading of a plurality of labels by a single reader, and can also easily realize reading when the reader and the labels move relatively.

Obviously, a general RFID system does not have adverse effects on human health.

4.1.2 partial application of radio frequency identification technology

RFID has been widely used in daily life, with some scenarios similar to our project. (for ease of description, this section assumes that the tag is on a bicycle.)

(1) Retail goods theft prevention

Some stores add RFID tags to items. Such tags are physically specially designed to be removed only with special tools that a clerk would use to retrieve the RFID tag at checkout. An RFID reader is arranged at an exit of a shop, if the reader reads a label, the label which is not taken down when the account is settled exists, namely, the unpaid commodity exists, and the theft occurs, at the moment, the reader can send a signal to inform a shop clerk and send an alarm sound; otherwise, the operation is normal and no operation occurs.

In this scenario, the proximity of the tag to the reader represents an anomaly; in our project, when the sharing bicycle is far away from the beacon, the sharing bicycle is parked in the no-parking area, which represents an abnormality, and the sharing bicycle and the no-parking area are opposite. However, when an abnormality occurs in the scene, the reader rather than the commodity carrying the tag makes a response (alarm); in our project, however, it is the bicycle that reacts (cannot lock).

(2) Traffic control

A reader is arranged at a control place, and a label is arranged on a vehicle. If the reader can read the label and successfully identify the label, the vehicle is allowed to pass and is released. The system is similar to ETC (electronic toll collection), but the frequency band of the operation is different. For historical reasons, ETC systems are now widely used on highways.

The scene is almost consistent with our project, and the condition that the label is close to the reader represents normal; except that the response when this scenario is normal is let through, and our item is to allow locking the car, with the former effector at the reader and the latter at the tag.

4.2 working principle and concept

Like other solutions, the RFID solution requires the beacon to be set up in the parking area and some kind of sensor to be placed on the shared bicycle. If the sensor detects a certain signal, certain devices (physical organs) are triggered to allow the vehicle to be locked; and vice versa.

There are A, B two sets of ideas on the specific implementation, as follows.

4.2.A

Introduction to A.1

This solution is actually less demanding than RFID in some respects, but is comparable to it: the beacon corresponds to a reader and the bicycle corresponds to a tag.

A beacon is set up in each parking area. The beacon transmitting antenna has the linearity of about 2 dm, and can be specially designed to transmit electromagnetic waves in an anisotropic mode to determine a roughly rectangular parking range. The working power of the beacon is 5-10W, the power is about 1 mW-1W during standby and sleeping, and the power can be supplied by combining a solar power supply and a rechargeable battery.

In the scheme, after the sensor of the bicycle receives the beacon signal and successfully identifies, the sensor controls the vehicle lock to allow the vehicle to be locked. The control circuit can be supplied with power by means of an existing power supply circuit of the bicycle.

The beacon only needs to emit signals when people exist, and is easy to realize by combining an infrared sensor; the sensor of the bicycle does not need to emit an echo.

4.2.A.2 Innovation

The scheme applies the knowledge in radar to unprecedented fields and is creative.

In addition, compared with a large number of Bluetooth spikes, the single transmitting antenna in the scheme is easier to erect.

A.3 feasibility

The scheme utilizes various mature technologies and has high reliability.

Possible problems of A.4

(1) Parking area shape may be limited

UHF beams are narrow, affecting the coverage of the beacons, and may limit the shape of the parking area.

(2) Privacy problem

Since RFID related equipment is relatively inexpensive and RFID technology is difficult to encrypt, a moving tag can also be read, and the rider can be tracked by a "happy person" using an RFID reader. However, this risk may be an unburdened day, as cyclists tend to carry the handset and not turn off the WLAN. This practice does not necessarily reveal privacy less likely than RFID.

(3) Is not easy to prevent cheating

Someone may falsify the beacon signal and lock the car in the no-parking area.

This behavior can be prevented by periodically switching the signal content transmitted by the beacons, but the cost may not be low.

4.2.B

Brief introduction to B.1

In this scheme, the beacon corresponds to a tag and the bicycle corresponds to a reader.

One or forty-five beacons are provided per parking area. The beacon is a BAP label and transmits an echo after receiving a bicycle signal. Due to the low power, the device can work for a long time even if the device is powered by a battery.

Besides the reader, the bicycle also needs a sensor to measure the wheel speed. When the sensor detects that the vehicle is about to stop, the reader is turned on to emit electromagnetic waves; and if the beacon is received and recognized, controlling the vehicle lock to allow the vehicle to be locked.

Typical RFID tags do not support multiple readers to read simultaneously, which can make it difficult to park simultaneously. Solving this problem can be considered from several aspects:

-hardware: 1. the tag price is low, and a plurality of tags can be set for each beacon. 2. Since our project does not require the transmission of large amounts of information, the echo of the tag can be simplified so that different channels can be processed simultaneously. 3. The locked bicycle is idle, if a reader and tags are arranged for a certain proportion of bicycles at the same time, the tags can be automatically added for areas with more parking, and the queuing length of each tag is reduced.

-software: and the reading algorithm between the reader and the tag is improved. Before the reader sends out electromagnetic waves, whether a channel is available or not is detected, and communication is carried out when the channel is available.

4.2.B.2 Innovation

In addition to the similar innovativeness as a, this solution will try to develop a multi-reader multi-tag reading technology, and the research in this area is still basically blank at present.

B.3 feasibility

The system is guaranteed to be substantially usable even if the innovative part cannot be implemented.

Because the speed sensor judges the parking behavior in advance, the time for the reader to communicate with the tag is prolonged, and the tag can be recognized hundreds of times per second in the prior art, so that the vehicle cannot be parked at the same time.

Possible problems of B.4

(1) Restricted shape of parking area

The beacon can only be isotropic and the parking area is difficult to set as a rectangle. This can be mitigated by providing multiple beacons for each parking area.

(2) Privacy problem

Similar to a. However, the reader only works when the vehicle is about to stop, so that the privacy can only be revealed when waiting for traffic lights, parking laces and the like.

(3) It is difficult to prevent cheating.

Similar to a. And the counterfeiting difficulty of the label is lower, and the label is easier to cheat.

Intelligent arrangement system for 5 big data parking area

We intend to set the most appropriate parking place in combination with big data.

Taking the shared bicycle flow situation of one region of one province as an example, various scenarios are discussed separately below.

(1) Large area ground, community and campus

FIG. 4

The area, mainly a large-area ground plate, a small area and a campus are placed in a grid graph (the side length of a square grid is about 10m, and a specific numerical value is to be researched) for segmentation, and the segmented areas are numbered. For example, the following figure assigns 0 to each region; place where the bicycle is closed. Each time the bicycle is parked, the area in which the bicycle is located is detected (left and top of the on-line reading) and 1 is added to the value of the area in which the bicycle is located.

FIG. 5

One month later, the final map is obtained, the data is bundled, and the data is estimated to be normally distributed. (in the following figures, the abscissa represents the value of the grid and the ordinate represents the frequency.) attention should be paid to the squares to the right in the middle of the figure.

Then, one of the grids is selected, which is the largest in sum with the number of grids within the vicinity of 50m when this grid is centered. Specifically, parking points P are marked, and then the parking points are set with each P as the center and 10m as the radius. And drawing a circle by taking the P as the center of the circle and the radius of 100m, and searching two grids P1 and P2 within 5m of the circle boundary, so that the distance between P1 and P2 is more than or equal to 100m, and the distance between the P1 and the P2 and any other parking point is more than or equal to 100m, and obtaining the next parking point.

Wherein the required parking points are selected according to a certain proportion.

Thus, the site selection of parking places in large-area ground plates, cells and campuses is solved.

(2) Near bus station

The number of the passengers getting off s at each station is recorded based on the flow of the station, the period of one month is taken as a period, the week center and the weekend are separated, random sampling is carried out, several days in the period are extracted for recording, the number of the passengers is weighted by the station a, and the weight b of a large building (see the part) around the platform is subtracted. Scores are then calculated accordingly (e.g., sa-b s, but linear relationship, adjustment is needed later), and then selection is performed according to scores.

(3) In the street

And (3) selecting parking points in the street, wherein the selection needs to be carried out after (1) and (2).

The division is performed by streets. It is considered that the parking points are allowed to be set only in 5m on both sides of the road, and the change rule of the bicycles in 24h is recorded according to the division, and the result is likely to be similar to the following graph.

FIG. 6

Then, a critical value (yellowish plane in the figure) is calculated according to the statistical result, so that the number of the regions with the frequency higher than the critical value is just the required proportion. And finally, selecting the area higher than the critical value to set a parking spot.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vehicle being positioned by scanning a particular shaped road rod; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a floor paint identification for a car; FIG. 3 is a pictorial view of a contemplated parking area identifier; FIG. 4 is a region modeling map; FIG. 5 is a frequency statistics bar graph for shared bicycle usage for each observation point; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional frequency distribution generated by a model.

Claims

1. The locking scheme of the shared bicycle comprises a mechanical organ, supporting software and a logic algorithm, and is characterized in that the shared bicycle can sense whether the shared bicycle is in a parking area of the shared bicycle according to a sensor, if so, the shared bicycle is allowed to be locked, otherwise, a signal is sent to prevent the shared bicycle from being locked.

2. The locking scheme of the shared bicycle according to claim 1, wherein the sensor visually recognizes a ground pattern, or uses ultrasonic waves or bluetooth signals to ascertain the position of the parking rod, or uses radio frequency signals to determine whether it is in the parking area; and feeding the result back to the shared bicycle lock or a processing chip built in the bicycle body, and determining whether the lock can be released according to the result.

3. The bicycle locking scheme of the shared bicycle according to claim 1, wherein the action of locking is prevented, the steering engine is controlled by a chip to extend out of a metal sheet to prevent the locking tongue of the bicycle lock from folding, or a signal is transmitted to the bicycle lock of the shared bicycle, so that the locking can be immediately ejected after the bicycle lock is locked.

4. A parking area planning scheme comprises a parking frequency modeling and a logic algorithm for parking area position selection, and comprises a logic process of parking data statistics, frequency statistics of each point and parking area planning.