CN113452097A - Charging circuit, method and system, battery and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Charging circuit, method and system, battery and electronic equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113452097A
CN113452097A CN202010224453.8A CN202010224453A CN113452097A CN 113452097 A CN113452097 A CN 113452097A CN 202010224453 A CN202010224453 A CN 202010224453A CN 113452097 A CN113452097 A CN 113452097A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
circuit
voltage
charger
conversion circuit
transformer
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Pending
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CN202010224453.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
常鸣
范茂斌
顾正东
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010224453.8A priority Critical patent/CN113452097A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/080809 priority patent/WO2021190339A1/en
Publication of CN113452097A publication Critical patent/CN113452097A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a charging circuit, which is applied to electronic equipment and comprises a first conversion circuit, a transformer, a second conversion circuit and a control circuit, wherein the first conversion circuit, the transformer and the second conversion circuit are sequentially cascaded, the control circuit is used for being connected with a charger outside the electronic equipment and an electric core of the electronic equipment, the control circuit is used for adjusting the voltage of direct current provided by the charger to be N times of the voltage of the electric core based on the voltage of the electric core, and N is more than or equal to 2; the current provided by the charger is input into the first conversion circuit and is output to the battery core through the transformer and the second conversion circuit, and a higher voltage transformation ratio can be realized through the arrangement of the transformer, so that the channel current between the first conversion circuit and the transformer can be reduced, the channel impedance between the first conversion circuit and the transformer can be reduced, the loss of charging power can be reduced, and the temperature rise can be reduced. The application also discloses a charging system and method, a battery and an electronic device.

Description

Charging circuit, method and system, battery and electronic equipment
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of charging technologies, and in particular, to a charging circuit, a charging method, a charging system, a battery, and an electronic device.
Background
Currently, battery charging is becoming more and more important in electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablet phones, etc., and due to the increasing capacity of batteries and the increasing demand of users for less charging time, the demand of electronic devices for fast charging is also increasing, so that fast and efficient charging is the main trend of charging schemes.
At present, in the quick charging scheme used by the aforementioned electronic device, in the constant current charging stage of the battery, the use of the switched capacitor circuit to boost the charging current is a main solution, but because of the limitation of the switched capacitor circuit, the switched capacitor circuit cannot support a higher voltage transformation ratio, so that a larger current boost cannot be realized, and further, the problems of larger temperature rise and efficiency loss also exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a charging circuit, a charging method, a charging system, a battery and electronic equipment, which can realize higher voltage transformation ratio to realize larger current promotion, reduce efficiency loss and reduce temperature rise.
In order to solve the above technical problem, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a charging circuit applied to an electronic device, where the charging circuit is configured to be connected to a charger external to the electronic device and a battery cell of the electronic device, respectively, and the charging circuit includes a first converting circuit, a transformer, and a second converting circuit that are sequentially cascaded, and a current provided by the charger is input to the first converting circuit and is provided to the battery cell via the transformer and the second converting circuit; the charging circuit also comprises a control circuit, and the control circuit is used for being respectively connected with the charger and the battery cell; the control circuit is used for adjusting the voltage of the direct current provided by the charger to be N times of the voltage of the battery cell based on the voltage of the battery cell, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the first conversion circuit is used for converting the direct current transmitted by the charger into alternating current and outputting the alternating current to the transformer; the transformer is used for reducing the voltage of the alternating current transmitted by the first conversion circuit to 1/N of the voltage of the alternating current transmitted by the first conversion circuit and outputting the voltage to the second conversion circuit; the second conversion circuit is used for converting the alternating current transmitted by the transformer into direct current and outputting the direct current to the battery core. Through the setting of transformer, can realize higher voltage transformation ratio to and can realize bigger electric current promotion, further, can also reduce the channel current between first converting circuit and the transformer, with the channel impedance who reduces between first converting circuit and the transformer, thereby can reduce charging power's loss, and reduce the temperature rise.
In one possible implementation of the first aspect, N may be a voltage transformation ratio of the transformer, and may be a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the control circuit is configured to generate indication information based on the voltage of the battery cell and send the indication information to the charger, so that the charger adjusts the voltage of the direct current provided by the charger to be N times the voltage of the battery cell according to the indication information.
In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first conversion circuit includes a dc-to-ac conversion circuit, and the second conversion circuit includes an ac-to-dc conversion circuit.
In one possible implementation of the first aspect described above, the dc-to-ac circuit is a full-bridge rectifier circuit for converting dc power to ac power.
In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the first conversion circuit further includes an inductor connected to the dc-to-ac conversion circuit and the transformer, respectively, and the second conversion circuit further includes a capacitor connected to the ac-to-dc conversion circuit and the transformer, respectively, where the inductor and the capacitor form an LC resonant circuit. The LC resonant circuit can rapidly increase the current at the initial stage of circuit conduction, thereby further increasing the conversion efficiency of the transformer.
In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the control circuit is configured to detect positive and negative voltages of the battery cell to obtain a voltage of the battery cell.
In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the control circuit is further configured to be connected to the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit respectively; the control circuit is further used for controlling the first conversion circuit to convert the direct current into the alternating current and controlling the second conversion circuit to convert the alternating current into the direct current.
In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the control circuit is configured to send a first control signal to the first converting circuit and send a second control signal to the second converting circuit; the first conversion circuit is used for converting the direct current into alternating current according to a first control signal; the second conversion circuit is used for converting the alternating current into the direct current according to a second control signal.
In a possible implementation of the first aspect, when the battery cell is charged with the constant current, the control circuit is configured to adjust a voltage of the direct current provided by the charger to be N times a voltage of the battery cell based on the voltage of the battery cell.
In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the charging circuit is configured to connect to the charger via a Universal Serial Bus (USB).
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes a battery cell and the foregoing charging circuit.
In one possible implementation of the second aspect, the electronic device further includes a battery protection board, and the transformer and the second conversion circuit are disposed on the battery protection board. The transformer is arranged on the battery protection board, so that the distance between the transformer and the battery core is reduced, and the channel impedance between the transformer and the battery core can be reduced due to the large-current channel between the transformer and the battery core, so that the power loss and the temperature rise can be reduced.
In a possible implementation of the second aspect, the electronic device further includes a device motherboard, and the control circuit and the first conversion circuit are disposed on the device motherboard.
The electronic device provided by the present application includes the charging circuit provided in the first aspect and/or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect, so that the beneficial effects (or advantages) of the charging circuit provided in the first aspect can also be achieved.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a charging system, including: the charger and the electronic equipment are connected with each other, and the electronic equipment is the electronic equipment; the electronic equipment is used for generating indication information according to the voltage of a battery cell in the electronic equipment and sending the indication information to the charger; the charger is used for adjusting the voltage of the direct current provided by the charger to be N times of the voltage of the battery cell according to the indication information, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the electronic equipment is also used for converting the direct current transmitted by the charger into alternating current, reducing the voltage of the alternating current to 1/N of the voltage of the direct current transmitted by the charger, converting the reduced alternating current into the direct current and outputting the direct current to the battery core.
In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the charger and the electronic device may be connected to each other through a connection line for charging, or may be connected wirelessly for charging.
The charging system provided by the present application includes the electronic device provided in any possible implementation manner of the second aspect and/or the second aspect, and therefore, the beneficial effects (or advantages) of the charging circuit provided by the second aspect can also be achieved.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a charging method, which is applied to a charger and an electronic device that are connected to each other, where the electronic device is the aforementioned electronic device; the charging method comprises the following steps: the electronic equipment generates indication information according to the voltage of a battery core in the electronic equipment and sends the indication information to the charger; the charger adjusts the voltage of the direct current output by the charger to be N times of the voltage of the battery cell according to the indication information, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the electronic equipment converts the direct current transmitted by the charger into alternating current, reduces the voltage of the alternating current transmitted by the charger to 1/N of the voltage of the direct current transmitted by the charger, converts the reduced alternating current into the direct current and outputs the direct current to the battery core.
The charging method provided by the present application is applied to the charging system provided in any possible implementation manner of the third aspect and/or the third aspect, and therefore, the beneficial effects (or advantages) of the charging system provided by the third aspect can also be achieved.
In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including a cell including a first pole and a second pole; a battery protection board including a transformer and a conversion circuit connected to each other, the conversion circuit being connected to the first pole and the second pole, respectively; the transformer is used for reducing the voltage of the received alternating current to 1/N of the voltage of the received alternating current and outputting the voltage to the conversion circuit; the conversion circuit is used for converting the alternating current transmitted by the transformer into direct current and outputting the direct current to the battery core.
In one possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the battery further includes an encapsulation casing, and the battery core and the battery protection board are disposed in the encapsulation casing.
The application provides a battery, setting through the transformer, can realize higher voltage transformation ratio, and can realize bigger electric current promotion, furthermore, because the distance between battery protection shield and the electric core is less, set up the transformer in battery protection shield, be close to electric core with the transformer and place, make the distance between transformer and the electric core reduce, because the electric current between transformer and the electric core is great, consequently, the distance between transformer and the electric core reduces, the heavy current route has been reduced effectively promptly, can reduce the channel impedance between transformer and the electric core effectively, thereby can reduce charging power's loss well, and reduce the temperature rise.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a charging system, according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a charging circuit in a charging system, according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a charging circuit in another charging system, according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a charging circuit in yet another charging system, according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5A is a current waveform diagram illustrating an alternating current input to a transformer by a first conversion circuit, according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5B is a graph illustrating voltage waveforms of alternating current input to a transformer by a first conversion circuit, according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 5C is a current waveform diagram illustrating a charger inputting a direct current to a first conversion circuit, and a second conversion circuit inputting a direct current to a cell, according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 5D is a graph illustrating voltage waveforms of direct current input to the cells by a charger and voltage waveforms of direct current input to the cells by a second conversion circuit, according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a battery according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating another battery configuration according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a charging method flow according to some embodiments of the present application.
Reference numerals:
100: a mobile phone; 200: a charger; 300: a connecting wire; 310: a first connecting line; 320: a second connecting line; 110: a charging circuit; 111: a first conversion circuit; 112: a transformer; 113: a second conversion circuit; 114: a control circuit; 120: an electric core; 121: a first pole; 122: a second pole; 130: an equipment main board; 140: a battery protection plate; 141: a first output terminal; 142 a second output terminal; 150: a battery; m1: a first MOS transistor; m2: a second MOS transistor; m3: a third MOS transistor; m4: a fourth MOS transistor; m5: a fifth MOS transistor; m6: a sixth MOS transistor; l: an inductance; c1: a first capacitor; c2: a second capacitor; n: junction field effect transistor.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application is provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present application will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. While the description of the present application will be described in conjunction with the embodiments, this does not represent that the features of the application are limited to that embodiment. On the contrary, the application of the present disclosure with reference to the embodiments is intended to cover alternatives or modifications as may be extended based on the claims of the present disclosure. In the following description, numerous specific details are included to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. The present application may be practiced without these particulars. Moreover, some of the specific details have been omitted from the description in order to avoid obscuring or obscuring the focus of the present application. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that in this specification, like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that, in the fast charging scheme used in the current charging circuit, in the constant current charging stage of the battery, the use of the switched capacitor circuit to boost the charging current is a main solution. For example, in one implementation manner of the fast charging scheme, the charging system includes a charger and a charging circuit, where the charger is connected to the charging circuit through a USB, the charging circuit includes an equipment motherboard and a battery protection board, the equipment motherboard and the battery protection board are connected through a battery connector and a flexible board, in addition, a charging IC is disposed on the equipment motherboard, the charging IC includes a switched capacitor circuit and a control circuit, where the switched capacitor circuit is used to implement conversion from a high-voltage low current to a low-voltage high current, and the battery protection circuit is used to implement protection against overcharge and overdischarge of the battery.
However, the switched capacitor circuit has limitations, and the step-down realized by the switched capacitor circuit usually can only be realized by one stage of switched capacitor 2: 1, which cannot support a higher step-down ratio. Further, to achieve a larger step-down ratio, a switching capacitor needs to be cascaded. However, the efficiency loss is caused by the cascade connection of the switched capacitors, for example, the efficiency of one stage of the switched capacitor is 97%, and the efficiency of two stages of the switched capacitor becomes 97% by 97% to 94%, and if a higher voltage transformation ratio needs to be realized, the efficiency loss is further caused, so that the higher current cannot be increased.
In addition, the power loss on the charging circuit is related to the charging circuit structure, and the power loss P is I2Xr, where I is the charging current in the charging circuit, R is the channel impedance in the charging circuit, R is generally affected by the product structure, and R for a particular product is a determined value, where R is determined, the greater the charging current I, the greater the power loss P, and thus the greater the efficiency loss and temperature rise. The battery connector and the flexible board are generally used for connecting the equipment main board to the battery protection board, so that the current between the equipment main board and the battery protection board is large, the power loss from the equipment main board to the battery protection board is large, and the problems of large efficiency loss, temperature rise and the like can be brought.
In order to solve the foregoing problems, the present application provides a charging system including an electronic device and a charger for charging the electronic device, wherein the electronic device includes, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a notebook computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a handheld computer, a netbook, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a virtual reality device, and other electronic devices.
Referring to fig. 1, in an implementation manner of the present application, the charging system includes a mobile phone 100 and a charger 200, the mobile phone 100 and the charger 200 are connected by a connecting line 300 in a USB connection manner, and the charger realizes conversion from ac to dc, and outputs the converted dc to the mobile phone 100 through the connecting line 300 to charge the mobile phone 100.
It should be noted that the connection line 300 has a current transmission function to realize current transmission between the charger 200 and the mobile phone 100, and a communication function to realize information transmission between the charger 200 and the mobile phone 100.
Of course, the mobile phone 100 and the charger 200 may be charged and communicated directly or wirelessly.
Referring to fig. 2, the mobile phone 100 includes a charging circuit 110 and a battery cell 120, where the charging circuit 110 is configured to perform constant-current charging on the battery cell 120. In addition, the charging circuit 110 includes a first converting circuit 111, a transformer 112, and a second converting circuit 113 that are sequentially cascaded, and a current provided by the charger 200 is input to the first converting circuit 111 and output to the battery cell 120 via the transformer 112 and the second converting circuit 113; the charging circuit 110 further includes a control circuit 114, and the control circuit 114 is connected to the charger 200 and the battery cell 120, respectively.
The control circuit 114 is configured to adjust the voltage provided by the charger 200 to be N times of the voltage output by the battery cell 120 based on the voltage output by the battery cell 120, that is, the control circuit 114 may detect the voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell 120 in real time or at regular time to obtain the voltage output by the battery cell 120, and then dynamically adjust the output voltage of the charger 200 according to the detected voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell 120. For example, if it is detected that the voltage between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 120 is V1Then the control circuit 114 will control the voltage V outputted by the charger 2002Adjusted to V2＝N×V1. N is determined according to the voltage transformation ratio of the transformer, that is, N may be the voltage transformation ratio of the transformer, and N is equal to or greater than 2. For example if V1Is 4.5V, N is 6, then V2Was 27V. In addition, the current output by the charger in the application can be 5A.
In addition, the control circuit 114 is configured to adjust the voltage provided by the charger 200 to be N times the voltage output by the battery cell 120 based on the voltage output by the battery cell 120, and may be configured to generate indication information based on the voltage output by the battery cell 120 and send the indication information to the charger by the control circuit 114, so that the charger dynamically adjusts the voltage provided by the charger 200 according to the indication information.
The indication information may include the positive and negative voltages of the battery cell 120 and the voltage transformation ratio N of the transformer 112, so that the charger 200 adjusts the output voltage thereof to be N times of the positive and negative voltages of the battery cell 120 according to the positive and negative voltages of the battery cell 120 and the voltage transformation ratio N. In addition, the indication information may also be a voltage value that needs to be output by charger 200 and determined by mobile phone 100, so that charger 200 adjusts its output voltage according to the voltage value, which may be selected as needed.
In addition, charger 200 converts ac power to dc power, and thus, the current output by charger 200 is dc power.
In this application, the control circuit 114 controls the output voltage of the charger 200 according to the output voltage of the battery cell 120, and adjusts the output voltage of the charger 200 to be N times of the voltage output by the battery cell 120, so that the current between the charger 200 and the first conversion circuit 111 can be effectively reduced, and thus the channel impedance between the charger 200 and the first conversion circuit 111 is effectively reduced, so as to reduce the power loss and reduce the temperature rise.
The transformer 112 may be an ac transformer, and the first converting circuit 111 is used for converting the dc power transmitted by the charger 200 into ac power and outputting the ac power to the transformer 112.
The transformer 112 is configured to step down the voltage of the ac power transmitted from the first converting circuit 111 to 1/N of the voltage of the ac power transmitted from the first converting circuit 111, and output the voltage to the second converting circuit 113. For example, the voltage of the dc power transmitted from the first conversion circuit 111 is V3The voltage output by the transformer 112 is V4Then V is4＝V3and/N. For example if V3When 27V, then V4＝4.5V。
It should be noted that the transformer 112 is used for converting a high-voltage small current into a low-voltage large current, so that the transformer 112 reduces the voltage of the alternating current transmitted by the first conversion circuit 111 to 1/N of the voltage of the alternating current transmitted by the first conversion circuit 111, and adjusts the current of the alternating current transmitted by the first conversion circuit 111 to be N times of the current of the alternating current transmitted by the first conversion circuit 111, thereby effectively increasing the current input to the battery cell 120 and improving the charging efficiency. For example, the current of the alternating current output by the transformer 112 may be 6 times of the aforementioned 5A, i.e., 30A.
The second conversion circuit 113 is configured to convert the alternating current transmitted by the transformer 112 into direct current, and output the direct current to the battery cell 120, so as to charge the battery cell 120.
Further, the control circuit 114 is connected to the first conversion circuit 111 and the second conversion circuit 113, respectively, and the control circuit 114 is further configured to control current adjustment of the first conversion circuit 111 and the second conversion circuit 113, so as to control the first conversion circuit 111 to convert direct current into alternating current, and control the second conversion circuit 113 to convert alternating current into direct current.
The transformer 112 in the present application may be an ac transformer based on magnetic material, and the step-down efficiency thereof is not limited by the step-down ratio, and a large step-down ratio can be efficiently realized.
The charging circuit provided by the present application, in a manner of voltage reduction by the transformer 112, compared to a manner of voltage reduction by the capacitor switch circuit, when the constant current charging is carried out, higher voltage transformation ratio (voltage reduction ratio) can be supported, the problem that a single switched capacitor circuit cannot realize large voltage transformation ratio is solved, and compared with the problem of large power loss of the switched capacitor circuit, the arrangement of the transformer 112 can realize higher voltage transformation ratio, and a greater current boost can be achieved, further, the channel current between the first converting circuit 111 and the transformer 112 can be reduced, so as to reduce the channel impedance between the first converting circuit 111 and the transformer 112, therefore, the loss of the charging power can be reduced, the temperature rise is reduced, in addition, larger current can be realized when the battery cell 120 is charged, the charging rate is improved, and the charging function of the battery cell 120 in the constant current charging stage is promoted.
Further, as mentioned above, the switched capacitor circuit scheme requires cascading or combining of switched capacitors to achieve different power supply transformation ratios, and the complexity of implementing the switched capacitor circuit is high. The charging circuit provided by the application can meet the requirements of different charging scenes on different voltage transformation ratios only by adjusting the turn ratio of the transformer 112, is simple and convenient to implement, can effectively reduce the circuit size, and meets the requirement of the mobile phone 100 on miniaturization of the charging circuit structure.
Referring to fig. 3, in the present application, the mobile phone 100 further includes an apparatus main board 130 and a battery protection board 140, wherein the control circuit 114 and the first conversion circuit 111 are disposed on the apparatus main board 130. The transformer 112 and the second conversion circuit 113 are provided to the battery protection board 140.
The distance between the battery protection plate 140 and the battery cell 120 is generally smaller than the distance between the apparatus main board 130 and the battery cell 120, and the distance between the battery protection plate 140 and the battery cell 120 is generally 1mm to 5mm, and may be, for example, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 5mm, or the like.
Therefore, the transformer 112 is disposed on the battery protection board 140, that is, the transformer 112 is disposed close to the battery cell 120, so that the distance between the transformer 112 and the battery cell 120 is reduced, and since the current between the transformer 112 and the battery cell 120 is relatively large, the distance between the transformer 112 and the battery cell 120 is reduced, that is, the large current path is effectively reduced, the channel impedance between the transformer 112 and the battery cell 120 can be effectively reduced, and thus the temperature rise and the power loss generated on the channel are effectively reduced.
In addition, the charger 200 is connected to the mobile phone 100 through the connection line 300, and the charger 200 may be connected to the device motherboard 130 through the connection line 300.
In the present application, the connection between the control circuit 114 and the charger 200 may be that the control circuit 114 is connected to the first conversion circuit 111, and the connection with the charger 200 is realized through the first conversion circuit 111, or that the control circuit 114 is directly connected to the charger 200 through an electrical connection line. In addition, the control circuit 114 may be connected to the battery cell 120, where the control circuit 114 is connected to the second conversion circuit 113, the second conversion circuit 113 is used to realize connection to the battery cell 120, and the control circuit 114 may be directly connected to the battery cell 120 through an electrical connection wire. Which can be set as desired.
In the present application, the first conversion circuit 111 includes a dc-to-ac circuit, and the dc-to-ac circuit may be a full-bridge rectifier circuit for converting dc power into ac power. The second conversion circuit 113 includes an ac to dc conversion circuit. Further, the first conversion circuit 111 further includes an inductor for forming an LC resonant circuit, and the second conversion circuit further includes a capacitor for forming an LC resonant circuit, wherein the inductor is connected to the dc-to-ac converter circuit and the transformer, respectively, and the capacitor is connected to the ac-to-dc converter circuit and the transformer 112, respectively.
As shown in fig. 4, in one implementation of the present application, the dc-ac circuit is a full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the full-bridge rectifier circuit includes a first MOS transistor M1, a second MOS transistor M2, a third MOS transistor M3 and a fourth MOS transistor M4, the connection line 300 includes a first connection line 310 and a second connection line 320, wherein a source of the first MOS transistor M1 is connected to a drain of the second MOS transistor M2, a drain of the first MOS transistor M1 is connected to the first connection line 310, a source of the second MOS transistor M2 is connected to the second connection line 320, a source of the third MOS transistor M3 is connected to a drain of the fourth MOS transistor M4, a drain of the third MOS transistor M3 is connected to the first connection line 310, a source of the fourth MOS transistor M4 is connected to the second connection line 320, and gates of the first MOS transistor M1, the second MOS transistor M2, the third MOS transistor M3 and the fourth MOS transistor M4 are respectively connected to the control circuit 114.
The current provided by the charger 200 is output to the drains of the first MOS transistor M1 and the third MOS transistor M3 through the first connection line 310, and is output to the sources of the second MOS transistor M2 and the fourth MOS transistor M4 through the second connection line 320, and the first control signal for controlling the switching of each MOS transistor output by the control circuit 114 is output to the gates of the first MOS transistor M1, the second MOS transistor M2, the third MOS transistor M3, and the fourth MOS transistor M4 through the first MOS transistor M1, the second MOS transistor M2, the third MOS transistor M3, and the fourth MOS transistor M4, respectively, so as to control the switching of the first MOS transistor M1, the second MOS transistor M2, the third MOS transistor M3, and the fourth MOS transistor M4, thereby converting the direct current provided by the charger 200 into alternating current.
The first conversion circuit 111 further includes an inductor L, a first end of the inductor L is connected to the source of the first MOS transistor M1 and the drain of the second MOS transistor M2, respectively, a second end of the inductor L is connected to the primary end of the transformer 112, and the other primary end of the transformer 112 is connected to the source of the third MOS transistor M3 and the drain of the fourth MOS transistor M4. Accordingly, the ac power output from the first conversion circuit 111 is output to the transformer 112 through the inductor L, the source of the third MOS transistor M3, and the drain of the fourth MOS transistor M4.
As shown in fig. 4, the second conversion circuit 113 includes an ac-to-dc conversion circuit and a first capacitor C1, the ac-to-dc conversion circuit includes a fifth MOS transistor M5, a sixth MOS transistor M6, a junction field effect transistor N and a second capacitor C2, wherein a source of the fifth MOS transistor M5 is connected to a source of the sixth MOS transistor M6, a drain of the fifth MOS transistor M5 is connected to the first secondary end of the transformer 112, a gate of the fifth MOS transistor M5 and a gate of the sixth MOS transistor M6 are respectively connected to the control circuit 114, one end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the first secondary end of the transformer, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the drain of the junction field effect transistor N, a source of the junction field effect transistor N is connected to the second secondary end of the transformer 112, and a gate of the junction field effect transistor N is connected to the control circuit 114. The drain of the sixth MOS transistor M6 is connected to the second secondary terminal of the transformer 112. One end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the third terminal of the secondary of the transformer 112 and the anode of the battery cell 120, respectively, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the source of the sixth MOS transistor M6 and the cathode of the battery cell 120, respectively.
The alternating current output by the transformer 112 is output to one end of the first capacitor C1, the gate of the fifth MOS transistor M5, one end of the second capacitor C2, and the source of the junction field effect transistor N through the first secondary terminal, the second secondary terminal, and the third secondary terminal of the transformer 112, respectively. In addition, the control circuit 114 sends a second control signal for controlling the switches of the fifth MOS transistor M5, the sixth MOS transistor M6, and the junction field-effect transistor N to the gates of the fifth MOS transistor M5, the sixth MOS transistor M6, and the junction field-effect transistor N, respectively, so as to control the switches of the fifth MOS transistor M5, the sixth MOS transistor M6, and the junction field-effect transistor N, so that the fifth MOS transistor M5, the sixth MOS transistor M6, and the junction field-effect transistor N cooperate with the switching cycles of the first MOS transistor M1, the second MOS transistor M2, the third MOS transistor M3, and the fourth MOS transistor M4, and convert the ac power transmitted from the transformer 112 into dc power.
In the present application, the first MOS transistor M1, the second MOS transistor M2, the third MOS transistor M3, the fourth MOS transistor M4, the fifth MOS transistor M5, and the sixth MOS transistor M6 are all NMOS transistors (NMOS), and the junction field effect transistor N is an N-type junction field effect transistor.
As shown in the charging circuit of fig. 4, the dc-to-ac circuit converts the dc power transmitted from the charger 200 into ac power with a high frequency under the control of the control circuit 114, and the ac-to-dc circuit converts the ac power transmitted from the transformer 112 into dc power again under the control of the control circuit 114 to supply power to the battery cell 120.
The inductor L disposed in the first conversion circuit 111 and the first capacitor C1 disposed in the second conversion circuit may form an LC resonant circuit, and a current passing through the inductor L and the first capacitor C1 forms an LC resonant current, which may be rapidly increased at an initial stage of circuit conduction, thereby further increasing the conversion efficiency of the transformer 112.
Further, by the aforementioned dc-to-ac converter circuit and the LC resonant circuit, the current of the ac power with a higher frequency input to the transformer 112 by the first conversion circuit 111 can be made close to a square wave, so that the switching loss can be effectively reduced.
The current waveform of the alternating current input to the transformer 112 by the first conversion circuit 111 may be a waveform close to a square wave as shown in fig. 5A (where the abscissa of the coordinate axis is time t and the ordinate is current value I), and the voltage waveform of the alternating current may be a waveform shown in fig. 5B (where the abscissa of the coordinate axis is time t and the ordinate is voltage value V).
Further, in the present application, the current waveform of the direct current input to the first conversion circuit 111 by the charger 200 is as shown in a waveform I1 shown in fig. 5C, wherein the current value may be 5A as described above, and the voltage waveform of the direct current is as shown in a waveform V1 shown in fig. 5D, wherein the voltage value may be 27V as described above.
The current waveform of the direct current input to the battery cell 120 by the second converting circuit 113 is as shown in a waveform I2 shown in fig. 5C, where the current value may be the aforementioned 30A, and the voltage waveform of the direct current is as shown in a waveform V2 shown in fig. 5D, where the voltage value may be the aforementioned 4.5V.
Therefore, the direct current input to the first conversion circuit 111 by the charger 200 is a high-voltage low-current, and the direct current input to the battery cell 120 by the second conversion circuit 113 is a low-voltage high-current.
In the present application, the output of the aforementioned dc-to-ac circuit may be connected to the battery protection board 140 through a flexible board, a connector, or the like.
Furthermore, the charging circuit that this application provided, charging circuit structure is less, accords with the miniaturized requirement of electronic equipment volume such as cell-phone 100 and diminishes to charging circuit structure.
It should be noted that the charging circuit provided by the present application may be used in a constant current charging stage, and only works in the constant current charging stage, so that the charging power in the constant current charging stage may be effectively improved.
In addition, in the present application, the mobile phone 100 may further include a constant voltage charging circuit (not shown) and/or a trickle charging circuit (not shown), which may be selected according to the requirement, and the present application is not limited thereto.
Further, in the present application, the mobile phone 100 may further include a load (not shown in the figure), and the load is connected to the charging circuit 110 and the battery cell 120 respectively.
It should be noted that the mobile phone 100 in the present application may further include more other components, which is not limited in the present application.
In addition, in the present application, the structure and the model of the charger 200 may be selected according to the requirement, which is not limited in the present application.
Further, referring to fig. 6, the present application also provides a battery 150, and the battery 150 may include the aforementioned battery protection plate 140 and the battery core 120.
The battery cell 120 includes a first pole 121 and a second pole 122, where the first pole 121 and the second pole 122 are both made of a metal material and respectively serve as positive and negative pole tabs of the battery cell 120, for example, the first pole 121 is a positive pole tab, and the second pole 122 is a negative pole tab.
The battery protection board 140 includes a transformer 112 and a conversion circuit connected to each other, the conversion circuit may be the aforementioned second conversion circuit 113, and the second conversion circuit 113 is connected to the first pole 121 and the second pole 122, respectively.
Illustratively, the second converting circuit 113 includes a first output terminal 141 and a second output terminal 142, and the first output terminal 141 and the second output terminal 142 may be metal wires, wherein the first output terminal 141 is connected to the first pole 121, and the second output terminal 142 is connected to the second pole 122.
The transformer 112 is configured to step down the voltage of the received ac power to 1/N of the voltage of the received ac power, and output the voltage to the second conversion circuit 113; the second conversion circuit 113 is configured to convert the alternating current transmitted by the transformer 112 into direct current, and output the direct current to the battery cell 120 through the first pole 121 and the second pole 122, so as to charge the battery cell 120.
It should be noted that the battery protection board 140 may further include other circuit structures such as a protection circuit, which are not described herein again.
Further, referring to fig. 7, the battery 150 further includes an encapsulating housing 151, and the battery protection plate 140 and the battery cell 120 are encapsulated in the encapsulating housing 151 through the encapsulating housing 15.
It should be noted that the first pole 121 and the second pole 122 also respectively extend out of the package housing 151, and are used for being connected with an external component, for example, the first pole and the second pole may be connected with the aforementioned device motherboard 130 in the mobile phone 100, so as to implement charging of the battery cell 120, and may also be connected with a load, so as to implement that the battery cell 120 supplies power to the load, and the like.
The battery protection plate 140 may also be fixed by the battery cell 120, for example, the battery protection plate 140 may be located on one side of the battery cell 120, and then the battery cell 120 is fixed to the inner wall of the package housing 151, which may be disposed as needed.
The battery and the transformer 112 provided by the application can realize higher voltage transformation ratio and can realize larger current boost. In addition, the transformer 112 is disposed on the battery protection board 140, so that the distance between the transformer 112 and the battery cell 120 can be effectively reduced, and since the current between the transformer 112 and the battery cell 120 is relatively large, the distance between the transformer 112 and the battery cell 120 is reduced, that is, a large current path is effectively reduced, the channel impedance between the transformer 112 and the battery cell 120 can be effectively reduced, and thus the temperature rise and the power loss generated on the channel are effectively reduced. The problem of among the prior art, set up switched capacitor circuit in the equipment mainboard, exist because the electric current from the equipment mainboard to the battery protection shield is great for power loss from the equipment mainboard to the battery protection shield is great, brings great efficiency loss and temperature rise is avoided.
Further, the battery may be applied to the mobile phone 100, the mobile phone 100 includes a device main board 130, and the device main board 130 may include the first converting circuit 111 and the control circuit 114. Here, details of the connection relationship between the first conversion circuit 111, the control circuit 114, the transformer 112, the second conversion circuit 113, the battery cell 120, and the charger 200, and the current transmission are not repeated.
In addition, the battery 150 may be applied to other electronic devices.
Referring to fig. 8, the present application further provides a charging method, including:
s10, the electronic equipment generates indication information according to the voltage of the battery cell in the electronic equipment and sends the indication information to the charger;
s20, the charger adjusts the voltage of the direct current output by the charger to be N times of the voltage of the battery cell according to the indication information, wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
and S30, the electronic equipment converts the direct current transmitted by the charger into alternating current, reduces the voltage of the alternating current transmitted by the charger to 1/N of the voltage of the direct current transmitted by the charger, converts the reduced alternating current into direct current and outputs the direct current to the battery cell.
The electronic device generates indication information according to the voltage of a battery cell in the electronic device, where the indication information may include positive and negative voltages of the battery cell and a voltage transformation ratio N of the transformer, so that the charger adjusts the output voltage of the charger to be N times of the positive and negative voltages of the battery cell according to the positive and negative voltages of the battery cell and the voltage transformation ratio N. In addition, the indication information may also be a voltage value that needs to be output by the charger and is determined by the electronic device, so that the charger adjusts the output voltage according to the voltage value.
Further, the electronic device converts the direct current transmitted by the charger into alternating current, reduces the voltage of the alternating current transmitted by the charger to 1/N of the voltage of the direct current transmitted by the charger, converts the reduced alternating current into direct current, and outputs the direct current to the electric core.
In this application, by the charging method, the charging of the electronic device by the charger can be conveniently realized, and the electronic device includes the charging circuit, so that the high-efficiency charging can be realized, and details are not repeated herein. Further, the electronic device may be the aforementioned mobile phone 100.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance.
It should be noted that in the accompanying drawings, some structural or methodical features may be shown in a particular arrangement and/or order. However, it is to be understood that such specific arrangement and/or ordering may not be required. Rather, in some embodiments, the features may be arranged in a manner and/or order different from that shown in the illustrative figures. In addition, the inclusion of a structural or methodical feature in a particular figure is not meant to imply that such feature is required in all embodiments, and in some embodiments, may not be included or may be combined with other features.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the present application described above can be implemented by a general purpose computing device, they can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed over a network of multiple computing devices, alternatively, they can be implemented by program code executable by a computing device, so that they can be stored in a storage medium (ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and executed by a computing device, and in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than that shown or described herein, or they can be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple ones of them can be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
While the present application has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is a more detailed description of the present application, and the present application is not intended to be limited to these details. Various changes in form and detail, including simple deductions or substitutions, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims (15)

1. A charging circuit is applied to electronic equipment and is used for being respectively connected with a charger outside the electronic equipment and an electric core of the electronic equipment, and the charging circuit is characterized by comprising a first conversion circuit, a transformer and a second conversion circuit which are sequentially cascaded, wherein current provided by the charger is input into the first conversion circuit and is provided to the electric core through the transformer and the second conversion circuit;
the charging circuit further comprises a control circuit, and the control circuit is used for being connected with the charger and the battery cell respectively; and,
the control circuit is used for adjusting the voltage of the direct current provided by the charger to be N times of the voltage of the battery cell based on the voltage of the battery cell, wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
the first conversion circuit is used for converting the direct current transmitted by the charger into alternating current and outputting the alternating current to the transformer;
the transformer is used for reducing the voltage of the alternating current transmitted by the first conversion circuit to 1/N of the voltage of the alternating current transmitted by the first conversion circuit and outputting the voltage to the second conversion circuit;
the second conversion circuit is used for converting the alternating current transmitted by the transformer into direct current and outputting the direct current to the battery core.
2. The charging circuit of claim 1, wherein the first conversion circuit comprises a dc-to-ac converter circuit and the second conversion circuit comprises an ac-to-dc converter circuit.
3. The charging circuit according to claim 2, wherein the dc-to-ac circuit is a full-bridge rectifier circuit for converting dc power to ac power.
4. A charging circuit as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the first conversion circuit further comprises an inductor connected to the dc-to-ac circuit and the transformer, respectively, and the second conversion circuit further comprises a capacitor connected to the ac-to-dc circuit and the transformer, respectively, the inductor and the capacitor forming an LC resonant circuit.
5. The charging circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to detect positive and negative voltages of the battery cell to obtain the voltage of the battery cell.
6. The charging circuit according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the control circuit is further configured to be connected to the first converting circuit and the second converting circuit, respectively;
the control circuit is further configured to control the first conversion circuit to convert the direct current into an alternating current, and control the second conversion circuit to convert the alternating current into the direct current.
7. The charging circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the control circuit is configured to adjust the voltage of the direct current supplied by the charger to be N times the voltage of the battery cell based on the voltage of the battery cell when the battery cell is subjected to constant-current charging.
8. The charging circuit of any of claims 1-5, wherein the charging circuit is configured to interface with the charger via a universal serial bus.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises a battery cell and a charging circuit according to any one of claims 1-8.
10. The electronic device of claim 9, further comprising a battery protection board, wherein the transformer and the second conversion circuit are disposed on the battery protection board.
11. The electronic device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the electronic device further comprises a device main board, and the control circuit and the first conversion circuit are disposed on the device main board.
12. An electrical charging system, comprising: a charger and an electronic device connected to each other, the electronic device being the electronic device of any one of claims 9-11; wherein,
the electronic equipment is used for generating indication information according to the voltage of a battery core in the electronic equipment and sending the indication information to the charger;
the charger is used for adjusting the voltage of the direct current provided by the charger to be N times of the voltage of the battery cell according to the indication information, wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
the electronic equipment is further used for converting the direct current transmitted by the charger into alternating current, reducing the voltage of the alternating current to 1/N of the voltage of the direct current transmitted by the charger, converting the reduced alternating current into the direct current and outputting the direct current to the battery core.
13. A charging method applied to a charger and an electronic device connected to each other, wherein the electronic device is the electronic device according to any one of claims 9 to 11; the charging method comprises the following steps:
the electronic equipment generates indicating information according to the voltage of a battery cell in the electronic equipment and sends the indicating information to the charger;
the charger adjusts the voltage of the direct current output by the charger to be N times of the voltage of the battery cell according to the indication information, wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
the electronic equipment converts the direct current transmitted by the charger into alternating current, reduces the voltage of the alternating current transmitted by the charger to 1/N of the voltage of the direct current transmitted by the charger, converts the reduced alternating current into the direct current, and outputs the direct current to the battery core.
14. A battery, comprising:
a cell comprising a first pole and a second pole;
a battery protection board including a transformer and a conversion circuit connected to each other, and the conversion circuit being connected to the first pole and the second pole, respectively; wherein,
the transformer is used for reducing the voltage of the received alternating current to 1/N of the voltage of the received alternating current and outputting the voltage to the conversion circuit;
the conversion circuit is used for converting the alternating current transmitted by the transformer into direct current and outputting the direct current to the battery core.
15. The battery of claim 14, further comprising an encapsulation housing, wherein the cell and the battery protection board are disposed within the encapsulation housing.
CN202010224453.8A 2020-03-26 2020-03-26 Charging circuit, method and system, battery and electronic equipment Pending CN113452097A (en)

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