CN113452038B - Primary frequency modulation hybrid control method for improving market adaptability of air conditioner load aggregator - Google Patents

Primary frequency modulation hybrid control method for improving market adaptability of air conditioner load aggregator Download PDF

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CN113452038B
CN113452038B CN202110754727.9A CN202110754727A CN113452038B CN 113452038 B CN113452038 B CN 113452038B CN 202110754727 A CN202110754727 A CN 202110754727A CN 113452038 B CN113452038 B CN 113452038B
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acls
air conditioner
state
temperature
diversity
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CN113452038A (en
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于娜
黄大为
张海滨
程亚辉
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Northeast Electric Power University
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Northeast Dianli University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
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Abstract

The invention relates to a primary frequency modulation hybrid control method for improving market adaptability of air conditioner load aggregators, which is characterized by comprising an ACLS management and control mode facing PR market transaction, determination of ACLS response capacity Pcap and load diversity index FD and the content of the hybrid control method of the ACLS, and can ensure the comfort level of a user to the maximum extent on the premise of ensuring the diversity of an ACLS recovery state and avoiding the aggregation power peak after responding PFR, and avoid frequent adjustment of the set temperature of the same air conditioner in the diversity recovery stage; the load diversity damage degree in the process of responding to the PFR by the ACLs can be effectively reduced, the electric power peak of the aggregated power after response is weakened, and the subsequent load diversity recovery is facilitated; the frequency deviation of the system is effectively reduced, and economic loss caused by overlarge response deviation and serious deviation of the aggregation power fluctuation from the current reported baseline load in the process that an aggregator participates in the frequency modulation auxiliary market is avoided.

Description

Primary frequency modulation hybrid control method for improving market adaptability of air conditioner load aggregator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grid frequency modulation, in particular to a primary frequency modulation hybrid control method for improving market adaptability of air conditioner load aggregators.
Background
The randomness and the fluctuation of the output of the new energy aggravate the power mismatching degree of two sides of the source load, and seriously threaten the frequency safety of the system. Therefore, in order to deal with the problem of shortage of the chirp resource in the high-permeability renewable energy power system, research on participation of the demand-side chirp resource in system chirp control is receiving attention. The aggregate capacity of the cluster air-conditioning load is considerable, compared with the traditional generator set, the frequency response is quicker, the potential of frequency modulation is huge, and a great deal of research is carried out on the cluster air-conditioning load by the technical personnel in the field. The invention constructs a layered control architecture consisting of an aggregator negotiation layer, an ACL control layer and a local control layer, provides a hybrid control method combining switch control and set temperature control, can improve the adaptability of the ACL aggregator participating in the frequency modulation auxiliary service market and the flexibility of the ACL aggregator controlling aggregation power, and has important significance. So far, no literature report and practical application similar to the technology of the invention are found.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the hybrid control method is scientific and reasonable, can effectively improve the frequency fluctuation of the power grid, ensures the safe and stable operation of the power grid, is a layered control framework consisting of a convergence quotient layer, an ACLS control layer and a local control layer, and combines switch control and set temperature control.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the purpose is that the primary frequency modulation hybrid control method for improving the market adaptability of the air conditioner load aggregator is characterized by comprising the following contents:
1) ACLs (explicit control lines) management and control mode for PR (conditional response) market transaction
The hierarchical control architecture of the two groups of homogeneous polymerization ACLs is divided into three layers, namely a polymerization quotient cooperative control layer, an ACL control layer and a local controller, and the polymerization quotient cooperative control layer determines the working states of the two groups of ACLs, namely the RFC state and the LDR state, by receiving the feasible combined working state uploaded by the ACL layer; at a cluster air-conditioning control layer, each group of ACLs determines the working state of the ACLs through a state instruction issued by an aggregator: in the RFC state, the ACLs issue a trigger frequency to the local controller, and allow the local controller to autonomously respond according to the measurement frequency and change the on-off state of the air conditioner; in the LDR state, the ACLs issue a set temperature to the local controller, and issue a locking signal to forbid the local controller to change the on-off state of the air conditioner according to the measurement frequency; 2) ACLs response capacity P cap And load diversity index F D Is determined
(1) ACLs aggregate power versus virtual droop curve
The calculation expressions for the change in the indoor temperature of the air conditioning load are expressed by expressions (1) and (2),
Figure BDA0003144128470000011
Figure BDA0003144128470000021
in the formula:
Figure BDA0003144128470000022
and
Figure BDA0003144128470000023
the indoor temperature and the external environment temperature at the moment t +1 respectively; delta is the simulation time step length; r is equivalent thermal resistance with the unit of ℃/kW; c represents equivalent heat capacity, and the unit is kWh/DEG C; p N The rated refrigerating power of the air conditioner is represented, and the unit is kW; s t Representing the on-off state of the air conditioner, which is a variable from 0 to 1; s t =1 indicating the air conditioner is on, s t =0 indicates that the air conditioner is in an off state;
obtaining the polymerization power P of the ACLs in each time period through 24h outdoor temperature prediction and ETP model estimation in the next day acls ：
Figure BDA0003144128470000024
In the formula: n is the number of air conditioners; eta i The energy efficiency ratio of the ith air conditioner is obtained;
Figure BDA0003144128470000025
the on-off state of the ith air conditioner at the time t;
from the aggregate power of a single set of ACLs, the 24 hour average power P is calculated base As a baseline load, the FM spare capacity for up and down adjustments per hour is calculated
Figure BDA0003144128470000026
And
Figure BDA0003144128470000027
then a single set of ACLs adjusted up and down virtual droop coefficients
Figure BDA0003144128470000028
And
Figure BDA0003144128470000029
expressed as:
Figure BDA00031441284700000210
Figure BDA00031441284700000211
in the formula: +/-Delta f re A primary frequency modulation range specified for the system; +/-Delta f db For the primary frequency modulation dead zone, if the frequency deviation Δ f of the corresponding system is corresponded, the power Δ P that should be adjusted by the single group of ACLs DR Expressed as:
Figure BDA00031441284700000212
(2) ACLS response Capacity analysis
Because the actual droop curve of the ACLs is in a step shape, the aggregation power cannot be continuously adjusted, more air conditioners can enter a locking state by switching control in the actual response process, the actual frequency modulation spare capacity of the ACLs is reduced, and the equipment
Figure BDA00031441284700000213
And
Figure BDA00031441284700000214
for real-time up-and down-modulation reserve capacity of ACLs, aggregator reported response capacity P in the modulation phase cap Should satisfy formula (7):
Figure BDA00031441284700000215
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003144128470000031
and
Figure BDA0003144128470000032
are obtained from equations (8) and (9), i.e.
Figure BDA0003144128470000033
Figure BDA0003144128470000034
In the formula:
Figure BDA0003144128470000035
and
Figure BDA0003144128470000036
respectively representing the air conditioner set in an open non-locking state and a close non-locking state;
(3) index of diversity of ACLs
The load diversity of the ACLs is objectively described by using the difference of the number of the air conditioners in different temperature ranges, the temperature dead zone of the air conditioner is divided into M temperature ranges, and the air conditioner in each temperature range belongs to an opening state omega on And off state omega off Different sets can be divided into 2M intervals, the number distribution of air conditioners in each temperature interval under the level of the predicted ACLs aggregation power in the day ahead is taken as a reference state, and an index F reflecting the ACLs group load diversity is defined D It is specifically expressed as:
Figure BDA0003144128470000037
in the formula: f D To characterize the overall diversity index of ACLs,
Figure BDA0003144128470000038
l i the actual number of air conditioners in the ith temperature interval; l. the i ' is the number of air conditioners in the ith temperature interval in the reference state;
3) Mixed control method of ACLs
Hybrid control method declares response capacity P by comparison cap And real-time FM standby P rt And a load diversity index F D To convert a single set of ACLsRFC working state and LDR working state.
(1) Improved switch control method
Considering the influence of ACLs switch control on the diversity recovery process, a temperature priority sequence method is improved, the absolute value of the deviation between the set temperature and the indoor temperature of the air conditioner is taken as the priority index of the response frequency modulation of the air conditioner, the air conditioners to be responded are sorted, and the priority indexes are respectively expressed as:
Figure BDA0003144128470000039
Figure BDA00031441284700000310
in the formula:
Figure BDA00031441284700000311
and
Figure BDA00031441284700000312
are respectively a set
Figure BDA00031441284700000313
And
Figure BDA00031441284700000314
priority index of middle air conditioner, set
Figure BDA00031441284700000315
And
Figure BDA00031441284700000316
the relationship between the medium priority index value and the trigger frequency value is respectively expressed as
Figure BDA0003144128470000041
Figure BDA0003144128470000042
In the formula: r and K each represent a set
Figure BDA0003144128470000043
And
Figure BDA0003144128470000044
the number of the medium air conditioners;
Figure BDA0003144128470000045
setting a trigger frequency value of the ith air conditioner;
after the air conditioner sets the trigger frequency, each local controller autonomously responds to the frequency change by comparing the measurement frequency at the moment t with the trigger frequency of the air conditioner and sends a switching signal to an air conditioner load;
(2) set temperature control strategy for diversity recovery
In the diversity recovery stage, in order to avoid power spikes caused by on-off control, the diversity of the ACLs is recovered by changing the temperature set value of the air conditioner;
is provided with
Figure BDA0003144128470000046
And
Figure BDA0003144128470000047
air conditioners which are in an on/off state and have indoor temperatures within a temperature range numbered q are respectively set;
Figure BDA0003144128470000048
and
Figure BDA0003144128470000049
the numbers of air conditioners in the respective temperature ranges in the reference state are respectively, the numbers of air conditioners in the different states in the temperature range q in the roll-out and roll-in are determined by the following equations (15) to (18):
Figure BDA00031441284700000410
Figure BDA00031441284700000411
Figure BDA00031441284700000412
Figure BDA00031441284700000413
in the formula:
Figure BDA00031441284700000414
and
Figure BDA00031441284700000415
respectively representing the number of the temperature intervals q to be transferred out of the air conditioner and the number of the temperature intervals q to be transferred into the air conditioner in the starting state;
Figure BDA00031441284700000416
and
Figure BDA00031441284700000417
respectively representing the number of the temperature intervals q to be transferred out of the air conditioner and the number of the temperature intervals q to be transferred into the air conditioner in a closed state; n (-) represents the number of air conditioners in the corresponding set; in the diversity recovery process, only air conditioners in the same state and different temperature intervals are transferred, and the diversity recovery can be simultaneously carried out on the air conditioner in an open/Guan Fei locking state, and the principles are basically the same;
(3) when the diversity of the air conditioner load is recovered in the closed state, the air conditioner set temperature adjusting step is as follows:
(a) Set of air conditioners with readjusted set temperature
Figure BDA00031441284700000418
Is an empty set; according to the current temperature information, comparing the ACLs to-be-recovered state with the air conditioner in each temperature interval of the reference stateJudging whether the expressions (19) and (20) are simultaneously satisfied or not by quantity difference, if so, executing the step (b), otherwise, turning to the step (e);
Figure BDA00031441284700000419
Figure BDA0003144128470000051
(b) Determining the number q of the temperature interval to be switched to off The value of which is determined by the formula (21), i.e.
Figure BDA0003144128470000052
(c) Calculating the pseudo set temperature of the air conditioner to be taken out according to the formula (36) and the formula (37)
Figure BDA0003144128470000053
And calculate
Figure BDA0003144128470000054
Figure BDA0003144128470000055
Figure BDA0003144128470000056
In the formula:
Figure BDA0003144128470000057
all the air conditioner sets to be turned out, of which the set temperature is not adjusted in the closed state, are represented;
(d) To be provided with
Figure BDA0003144128470000058
As an index, to the set
Figure BDA0003144128470000059
The air conditioners in the air conditioner are sorted from small to large; if it is
Figure BDA00031441284700000510
Is greater than
Figure BDA00031441284700000511
Before selection
Figure BDA00031441284700000512
Air conditioner of table
Figure BDA00031441284700000513
And form a collection
Figure BDA00031441284700000514
Turning to (b); if it is
Figure BDA00031441284700000515
Is less than
Figure BDA00031441284700000516
Before selection
Figure BDA00031441284700000517
Air conditioner of table
Figure BDA00031441284700000518
Forming a collection
Figure BDA00031441284700000519
(e) Calculating F D If the requirement is met, terminating the diversity recovery process, otherwise executing the step (f);
(f) Judging whether the state information such as temperature is updated or not, if so, turning to the step (a);
the diversity recovery procedure of the air conditioner in the on state is the same as that in the off state, and the difference is that: the number of the temperature interval is changed from 1-10 to 11-20, but the recovery is preferentially carried out from the temperature interval with small number in the recovery process; the corresponding sets are all sets in an open state.
The invention relates to a primary frequency modulation hybrid control method for improving market adaptability of air-conditioning load aggregators, which adopts an ACLs management and control mode facing PR market transaction, the determination of ACLs response capacity Pcap and load diversity index FD and the hybrid control method of ACLs, and the brought effects are embodied in that:
1. the switch control method based on the improved temperature priority sequence method can effectively reduce the load diversity damage degree in the process of responding PFR by the ACLs, weaken the electric power peak of the polymerization power after response and is beneficial to the subsequent load diversity recovery;
2. the absolute value of the deviation between the air conditioner pseudo-set temperature and the reference state set temperature is used as a sequencing index, so that the comfort of a user can be ensured to the maximum extent on the premise of ensuring the diversity of the ACLs recovery state and avoiding the power spike of the polymerization power after the response of the PFR, and the frequent adjustment of the same air conditioner set temperature in the diversity recovery stage is avoided;
3. the hybrid control method can be integrated into the existing layered control structure, effectively reduces the frequency deviation of the system, and avoids economic loss caused by overlarge response deviation and serious deviation of polymerization power fluctuation from the day-ahead reported baseline load in the process that a aggregator participates in the frequency modulation auxiliary market.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ACLs aggregator layered control architecture;
FIG. 2 is a graph of ACLs baseline load;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the virtual sag curve of the ACLs;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of air conditioning load packet sequencing;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of spatial distribution of ACLs initial states;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the diversity change and recovery of ACLs;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a frequency control model considering ACLs aggregators;
fig. 8 is a time ratio diagram for different response capacities.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The invention relates to a primary frequency modulation hybrid control method for improving market adaptability of air-conditioning load aggregators, which comprises an ACLs management control mode facing PR market transaction, determination of ACLs response capacity Pcap and load diversity index FD and a hybrid control method of ACLs, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) ACLs management and control mode facing PR market trading
In order to improve flexibility of the aggregator in controlling the ACLs, a hierarchical control architecture of the aggregator cooperating with two homogeneous aggregation ACLs is constructed as shown in fig. 1, and the hierarchical control architecture is divided into three layers, namely an aggregator cooperating control layer, an ACLs control layer and a local controller. In the process of participating in frequency modulation regulation, the aggregator cooperative control layer determines the working states of two groups of ACLs, namely the RFC state and the LDR state, according to the logical relationship in the table 1 by receiving the feasible combined working states uploaded by the ACLs layer; at a cluster air-conditioning control layer, each group of ACLs determines the working state of the ACLs through a state instruction issued by an aggregator: in the RFC state, the ACLs issue trigger frequency to the local controller, and allow the local controller to autonomously respond according to the measured frequency and change the on-off state of the air conditioner; in the LDR state, the ACLs issue a set temperature to the local controller, and issue a locking signal to forbid the local controller to change the on-off state of the air conditioner according to the measurement frequency;
TABLE 1 criteria for adjusting the validation of ACLs operating conditions at the FM stage by the aggregator coordination layer
Figure BDA0003144128470000061
2) ACLs response Capacity P cap And load diversity index F D Is determined
(1) ACLs aggregate power versus virtual droop curve
The calculation expressions for the change in the indoor temperature of the air conditioning load are expressed by expressions (1) and (2),
Figure BDA0003144128470000071
Figure BDA0003144128470000072
in the formula:
Figure BDA0003144128470000073
and
Figure BDA0003144128470000074
the indoor temperature and the external environment temperature at the moment t +1 respectively; delta is the simulation time step; r is equivalent thermal resistance, and the unit is ℃/kW; c represents equivalent heat capacity, and the unit is kWh/DEG C; p N The rated refrigerating power of the air conditioner is represented, and the unit is kW; s t Representing the on-off state of the air conditioner, which is a variable of 0-1. s t =1 indicating the air conditioner is on, s t =0 represents that the air conditioner is in an off state;
obtaining the polymerization power P of the ACLs in each time period through 24h outdoor temperature prediction and ETP model estimation in the next day acls ：
Figure BDA0003144128470000075
In the formula: n is the number of air conditioners; eta i The energy efficiency ratio of the ith air conditioner is obtained;
Figure BDA0003144128470000076
the on-off state of the ith air conditioner at the time t;
from the aggregate power of a single set of ACLs, the 24 hour average power P is calculated base As the baseline load, the baseline load and related parameters are shown in fig. 2. Further obtain the frequency modulation reserve capacity of the up and down adjustment per hour
Figure BDA0003144128470000077
And
Figure BDA0003144128470000078
then a single set of ACLs is adjusted up and downCoefficient of sag simulation
Figure BDA0003144128470000079
And
Figure BDA00031441284700000710
expressed as:
Figure BDA00031441284700000711
Figure BDA00031441284700000712
in the formula: +/-Delta f re A primary frequency modulation range specified for the system; +/-Delta f db Is a primary frequency modulation dead zone. If the frequency deviation Δ f of the corresponding system is satisfied, the power Δ P that a single set of ACLs should adjust DR Expressed as:
Figure BDA00031441284700000713
(2) ACLS response Capacity analysis
As shown in FIG. 3, since the polymerization power of the ACLs cannot be continuously adjusted, the actual droop curve is stepped as shown by the red curve in the figure, more air conditioners are brought into a locked state by the on-off control in the actual response process, the actual frequency modulation spare capacity of the ACLs is reduced, and the device
Figure BDA00031441284700000714
And
Figure BDA00031441284700000715
for real-time up-and down-modulation reserve capacity of ACLs, aggregator reported response capacity P in the modulation phase cap Should satisfy formula (7):
Figure BDA0003144128470000081
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003144128470000082
and
Figure BDA0003144128470000083
are obtained from equations (8) and (9), i.e.
Figure BDA0003144128470000084
Figure BDA0003144128470000085
In the formula:
Figure BDA0003144128470000086
and
Figure BDA0003144128470000087
respectively representing the air conditioner set in an open non-locking state and a closed non-locking state;
(3) index of diversity of ACLs
The load diversity of the ACLs is objectively described by using the difference of the number of the air conditioners in different temperature ranges, the temperature dead zone of the air conditioner is divided into M temperature ranges, and the air conditioner in each temperature range belongs to an opening state omega on And off state omega off Different sets can be divided into 2M intervals. Defining index F reflecting ACLS group load diversity by using number distribution of air conditioners in each temperature region under the level of predicted ACLS polymerization power in the day as reference state D It is specifically expressed as:
Figure BDA0003144128470000088
in the formula: f D To characterize the overall diversity index of ACLs,
Figure BDA0003144128470000089
l i the actual number of air conditioners in the ith temperature interval; l' i The number of air conditioners in the ith temperature interval in the reference state;
3) Hybrid control method for ACLs
Hybrid control method declares response capacity P by comparison cap And real-time FM standby P rt And a load diversity index F D To convert the RFC working state and the LDR working state of a single set of ACLs.
(1) Improved switch control method
Considering the influence of the ACLs switch control on the diversity recovery process, the temperature priority sequence method is improved, the absolute value of the deviation between the set temperature and the indoor temperature of the air conditioner is taken as the priority index of the response frequency modulation of the air conditioner, the air conditioners to be responded are sorted, and the priority indexes are respectively expressed as:
Figure BDA00031441284700000810
Figure BDA0003144128470000091
in the formula:
Figure BDA0003144128470000092
and
Figure BDA0003144128470000093
are respectively a set
Figure BDA0003144128470000094
And
Figure BDA0003144128470000095
priority index of medium air conditioner, as shown in FIG. 4, in set
Figure BDA0003144128470000096
And
Figure BDA0003144128470000097
the air conditioners in the system are respectively sorted according to the sequence of the indexes from small to large so as to determine the priority sequence and determine the trigger frequency of each air conditioner. Collection of
Figure BDA0003144128470000098
And
Figure BDA0003144128470000099
the relationship between the medium priority index value and the trigger frequency value is respectively expressed as
Figure BDA00031441284700000910
Figure BDA00031441284700000911
In the formula: r and K each represent a set
Figure BDA00031441284700000912
And
Figure BDA00031441284700000913
the number of the air conditioners;
Figure BDA00031441284700000914
setting a trigger frequency value of the ith air conditioner;
after the air conditioner sets the trigger frequency, each local controller autonomously responds to the frequency change by comparing the measurement frequency at the moment t with the trigger frequency of the air conditioner and sends a switching signal to an air conditioner load;
(2) set temperature control strategy for diversity recovery
In the diversity recovery stage, to avoid power spikes caused by the switching control, the diversity of ACLs is recovered by changing the temperature setting value of the air conditioner. Taking the case where M =10 is set as an example, when the temperature dead zone of the air conditioning load is divided into 10 temperature zones, there are 20 temperature zones in the on/off state, and the temperature zones are numbered in the room temperature changing direction, as shown in fig. 5. And with the number of air conditioners in each state in each temperature interval as a characteristic index of the reference state, the state space distribution of ACLs is as shown in fig. 6 after the process is continued for a period of time through the on-off control response system PFR.
After the ACLs respond to the PFR through the on-off control, the temperature range in which the number of air conditioners is largely changed is concentrated around the set temperature, as shown in fig. 7. In order to recover the diversity of the ACLs, the number of the air conditioners in the corresponding temperature interval is adjusted, and the diversity index F is realized by changing the set temperature of the air conditioners in the corresponding temperature interval D And is kept consistent with the reference state.
Is provided with
Figure BDA00031441284700000915
And
Figure BDA00031441284700000916
the air conditioners are respectively in on/off states and have indoor temperatures in a temperature interval with the number of q;
Figure BDA00031441284700000917
and
Figure BDA00031441284700000918
the numbers of the air conditioners in the temperature intervals in the reference state are respectively, and the numbers of the air conditioners in the transferring-out and transferring-in temperature intervals q in different states are determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA00031441284700000919
Figure BDA00031441284700000920
Figure BDA00031441284700000921
Figure BDA0003144128470000101
in the formula:
Figure BDA0003144128470000102
and
Figure BDA0003144128470000103
respectively representing the number of the temperature intervals q to be transferred out of the air conditioner and the number of the temperature intervals q to be transferred into the air conditioner in the starting state;
Figure BDA0003144128470000104
and
Figure BDA0003144128470000105
respectively representing the number of the temperature intervals q to be transferred out of the air conditioner and the number of the temperature intervals q to be transferred into the air conditioner in a closed state; n (-) represents the number of air conditioners of the corresponding set; in the diversity recovery process, only the air conditioners in the same state and different temperature intervals are transferred, and the diversity recovery can be simultaneously carried out on the air conditioner in the on/Guan Fei locking state, and the principles are basically the same.
(3) When the diversity of the air conditioner load is recovered in the closed state, the air conditioner set temperature adjusting step is as follows:
(a) Set of air conditioners with readjusted set temperature
Figure BDA0003144128470000106
Is an empty set; and (3) comparing the difference between the number of the air conditioners in each temperature interval of the ACLs to-be-recovered state and the reference state according to the current temperature information, judging whether the equations (19) and (20) are simultaneously satisfied, if so, executing the step (a), otherwise, turning to the step (e).
Figure BDA0003144128470000107
Figure BDA0003144128470000108
(b) Determining the number q of the temperature interval to be switched to off The value of which can be determined by the following formula, i.e.
Figure BDA0003144128470000109
(c) Calculating the pseudo set temperature of the air conditioner to be taken out according to the formulas (36) and (37)
Figure BDA00031441284700001010
And calculate
Figure BDA00031441284700001011
Figure BDA00031441284700001012
Figure BDA00031441284700001013
In the formula:
Figure BDA00031441284700001014
and all the air conditioner sets to be turned out, of which the set temperature is not adjusted in the closed state, are represented.
(d) To be provided with
Figure BDA00031441284700001015
As an index, to the collection
Figure BDA00031441284700001016
The air conditioners in the middle are sorted from small to large; if it is
Figure BDA00031441284700001017
Is greater than
Figure BDA00031441284700001027
Before selection
Figure BDA00031441284700001028
Air conditioner of table
Figure BDA00031441284700001029
And form a collection
Figure BDA00031441284700001021
Turning to (b); if it is
Figure BDA00031441284700001022
Is less than
Figure BDA00031441284700001031
Before selection
Figure BDA00031441284700001030
Air conditioner of table
Figure BDA00031441284700001025
Form a collection
Figure BDA00031441284700001026
(e) Calculating F D And (f) whether the requirements are met, if so, terminating the diversity recovery process, otherwise, executing the step (f).
(f) Judging whether the state information such as temperature is updated or not, if so, turning to the step (a).
The diversity recovery steps of the air conditioner in the on state are the same as those in the off state, and the difference is that: the number of the temperature interval is changed from 1-10 to 11-20, but the recovery is preferentially carried out from the temperature interval with small number in the recovery process; the corresponding sets are all sets in an open state.
The calculation conditions of the specific examples are illustrated below:
(1) Assuming that the aggregator manages and controls 2000 homogeneous air conditioning loads and the total rated power P all And 11.2MW. In a layered management and control mode, managing the blankThe load regulation is divided into two groups of ACLs1 and ACLs2 for cooperative control, each group of ACLs comprises 1000 air conditioners, wherein the rated refrigeration power is 330 air conditioners with 13kW and 15kW respectively, and 340 air conditioners with 14kW respectively.
(2) Assuming good diversity of ACLs at the initial time, the number of air conditioners in each temperature interval is uniformly distributed, and the temperature set value T set The distribution is uniform in the temperature of 19-23 ℃, the simulation parameters of the ACLs are shown in the table 2, and R, C are uniformly distributed in the value range. The aggregators control the ACLs through constructing a virtual droop curve, and the frequency response interval +/-delta f re And. + -. Δ f db Respectively +/-0.4 Hz and +/-0.02 Hz.
A simulation model as shown in fig. 7 was built in Matlab/Simulink, in which a generator set is equivalent to one generator. The specific simulation parameters are shown in Table 2, and the time constant of the speed regulator is T cg Sag coefficient of K G The time constant of the turbine being T ct . The inertia time constant of the generator set and the load is equivalent to the inertia time constant of the system.
TABLE 2 simulation parameters of electric power system
Figure BDA0003144128470000111
Assuming that the total rated power of ACLs is 0.2p.u. of the total load of the system, the response capacity is 2MW when the aggregator is still at 13-14. Under mixing control, of the polymer
Figure BDA0003144128470000112
The droop coefficient of the polymer quotient under the traditional switch control is 2 times, and the system active power deviation is shared between the generator set and the polymer quotient in an equal proportion mode.
The system frequency changes due to load fluctuations modeled by white gaussian noise with a mean of 0 and a variance of 0.001. After the ACLs participate in frequency modulation, the frequency deviation fluctuation range of the system is reduced from +/-0.1 Hz to +/-0.05 Hz, and the frequency deviation of the system can be effectively reduced. However, after the locking time of the air conditioner is considered, under the control of a traditional switch, due to the rapid change of the system frequency, the continuous response of an aggregator enables most of the air conditioners to be in a locking state, the spare capacity is exhausted rapidly, the aggregation power of the ACLs cannot be adjusted, the system has larger frequency deviation, and the maximum frequency deviation reaches-0.15 Hz. Under the hybrid control, the reserve capacity of a aggregator can be effectively maintained through the cooperative hybrid control of the two groups of ACLs, the aggregation power of the ACLs is adjusted along with the fluctuation of the system load, the system frequency deviation is within +/-0.05 Hz, and the frequency modulation effect is good.
If the up-regulation or down-regulation real-time spare capacity of the aggregator is lower than 10% of the reported response capacity of the aggregator in the period under the condition of frequency modulation, the aggregator is considered not to meet the requirement of a market operator and needs to face punishment. The method and the system represent the punishment of the aggregator according to the ratio of the time that the aggregator can maintain enough spare capacity in the response period to the total response time, and provide basis for the aggregator to participate in the reporting of the day-ahead response capacity of the frequency modulation auxiliary service market. The average power of the cluster air-conditioner load is about 5MW when the cluster air-conditioner load is between 13 and 14, and the time occupied by the real-time backup meeting the requirement of the response capacity is shown in fig. 8 when the aggregator reports the response capacity at different time intervals, as can be seen from fig. 8, the real-time backup meeting the requirement of the aggregator under the two strategies gradually decreases with the increase of the reported response capacity, and the penalty of the aggregator increases. However, the time ratio of the polymer under the mixed control is much higher than that of the traditional switch control, the ratio can reach 96% when the response capacity is 1MW, and the ratio is 82.6% when the response capacity is 2MW, and the ratio is only 38.9% when the response capacity is 1MW and is only 21.4% when the response capacity is 2MW under the traditional switch control. It can be concluded that the spare capacity of the aggregator in response to frequency modulation can be effectively recovered through the cooperative control of the two groups of ACLs.
The above examples are only for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Any other changes or modifications of the equivalent technical features without changing the basic idea and the essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A primary frequency modulation hybrid control method for improving market adaptability of air conditioner load aggregators is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) ACLs management and control mode facing PR market trading
The hierarchical control architecture of the two groups of homogeneous aggregation ACLs under the cooperation of the aggregator is divided into three layers, namely an aggregator cooperative control layer, an ACLs control layer and a local controller, wherein the aggregator cooperative control layer determines the working states of the two groups of ACLs, namely the RFC state and the LDR state, by receiving the feasible combined working state uploaded by the ACLs layer; at a cluster air-conditioning control layer, each group of ACLs determines the working state of the ACLs through a state instruction issued by an aggregator: in the RFC state, the ACLs issue trigger frequency to the local controller, and allow the local controller to autonomously respond according to the measured frequency and change the on-off state of the air conditioner; in the LDR state, the ACLs issue a set temperature to the local controller, and issue a locking signal to forbid the local controller to change the on-off state of the air conditioner according to the measurement frequency;
2) ACLs response Capacity P cap And load diversity index F D Is determined
(1) ACLs aggregate power versus virtual droop curve
The calculation expressions for the change in the indoor temperature of the air conditioning load are expressed by expressions (1) and (2),
Figure FDA0003992430140000011
Figure FDA0003992430140000012
in the formula:
Figure FDA0003992430140000013
and
Figure FDA00039924301400000114
the indoor temperature and the external environment temperature at the moment t +1 respectively; delta is the simulation time step length; r is the equivalent thermal resistance, and R is the equivalent thermal resistance,the unit is ℃/kW; c represents equivalent heat capacity, and the unit is kWh/DEG C; p N The rated refrigerating power of the air conditioner is represented, and the unit is kW; s t Representing the on-off state of the air conditioner, which is a variable of 0-1; s t =1 denotes that the air conditioner is in on state, s t =0 represents that the air conditioner is in an off state;
obtaining the polymerization power of the ACLs in each time period through 24h outdoor temperature prediction and ETP model estimation in the next day
Figure FDA0003992430140000015
Figure FDA0003992430140000016
In the formula: n is the number of air conditioners; eta i The energy efficiency ratio of the ith air conditioner is obtained;
Figure FDA0003992430140000017
the on-off state of the ith air conditioner at the time t;
from the aggregate power of a single set of ACLs, the 24 hour average power P is calculated base As a baseline load, the FM spare capacity for up and down adjustments per hour is calculated
Figure FDA0003992430140000018
And
Figure FDA0003992430140000019
then a single set of ACLs adjusted up and down virtual droop coefficients
Figure FDA00039924301400000110
And
Figure FDA00039924301400000111
expressed as:
Figure FDA00039924301400000112
Figure FDA00039924301400000113
in the formula: +/-Delta f re A primary frequency modulation range specified for the system; +/-Delta f db For the primary frequency modulation dead zone, if the frequency deviation delta f of the corresponding system is corresponded, the power delta P which should be adjusted by a single group of ACLs DR Expressed as:
Figure FDA0003992430140000021
(2) ACLS response Capacity analysis
Because the actual droop curve of the ACLs is in a step shape, the aggregated power of the ACLs cannot be continuously adjusted, more air conditioners can enter a locking state through switch control in the actual response process, the actual frequency modulation spare capacity of the ACLs is reduced, and the equipment
Figure FDA0003992430140000022
And
Figure FDA0003992430140000023
for real-time up-and down-modulation reserve capacity of ACLs, aggregator reported response capacity P in the modulation phase cap Should satisfy formula (7):
Figure FDA0003992430140000024
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003992430140000025
and
Figure FDA0003992430140000026
are obtained from equations (8) and (9), i.e.
Figure FDA0003992430140000027
Figure FDA0003992430140000028
In the formula:
Figure FDA0003992430140000029
and
Figure FDA00039924301400000210
respectively representing the air conditioner set in an open non-locking state and a close non-locking state;
(3) ACLs diversity index
The load diversity of the ACLs is objectively described by using the difference of the number of the air conditioners in different temperature ranges, the temperature dead zone of the air conditioner is divided into M temperature ranges, and the air conditioner in each temperature range belongs to an opening state omega on And off state omega off Different sets can be divided into 2M intervals, the number distribution of air conditioners in each temperature interval under the level of the predicted ACLs aggregation power in the day ahead is taken as a reference state, and an index F reflecting the ACLs group load diversity is defined D It is specifically expressed as:
Figure FDA00039924301400000211
in the formula: f D To characterize the overall diversity index of ACLs,
Figure FDA00039924301400000212
l i the actual number of air conditioners in the ith temperature interval; l' i The number of air conditioners in the ith temperature interval in the reference state;
3) Hybrid control method for ACLs
Hybrid control method declares response capacity P by comparison cap And real-time FM standby P rt And a load diversity index F D Converting the RFC working state and the LDR working state of the single group of ACLs;
(1) improved switch control method
Considering the influence of the ACLs switch control on the diversity recovery process, the temperature priority sequence method is improved, the absolute value of the deviation between the set temperature and the indoor temperature of the air conditioner is taken as the priority index of the response frequency modulation of the air conditioner, the air conditioners to be responded are sorted, and the priority indexes are respectively expressed as:
Figure FDA0003992430140000031
Figure FDA0003992430140000032
in the formula:
Figure FDA0003992430140000033
and
Figure FDA0003992430140000034
are respectively a set
Figure FDA0003992430140000035
And
Figure FDA0003992430140000036
priority index of middle air conditioner, set
Figure FDA0003992430140000037
And
Figure FDA0003992430140000038
medium priority index value and trigger frequencyThe value relationships are respectively expressed as
Figure FDA0003992430140000039
Figure FDA00039924301400000310
In the formula: r and K each represent a set
Figure FDA00039924301400000311
And
Figure FDA00039924301400000312
the number of the air conditioners;
Figure FDA00039924301400000313
setting a trigger frequency value of the ith air conditioner;
after the air conditioner sets the trigger frequency, each local controller autonomously responds to the frequency change by comparing the measurement frequency at the moment t with the trigger frequency of the air conditioner and sends a switching signal to an air conditioner load;
(2) set temperature control strategy for diversity recovery
In the diversity recovery stage, in order to avoid power spikes caused by switch control, the diversity of the ACLs is recovered by changing the temperature set value of the air conditioner;
is provided with
Figure FDA00039924301400000314
And
Figure FDA00039924301400000315
the air conditioners are respectively in on/off states and have indoor temperatures in a temperature interval with the number of q;
Figure FDA00039924301400000316
and
Figure FDA00039924301400000317
the numbers of air conditioners in the respective temperature ranges in the reference state are respectively, the numbers of air conditioners in the different states in the temperature range q in the roll-out and roll-in are determined by the following equations (15) to (18):
Figure FDA00039924301400000318
Figure FDA00039924301400000319
Figure FDA0003992430140000041
Figure FDA0003992430140000042
in the formula:
Figure FDA0003992430140000043
and
Figure FDA0003992430140000044
respectively representing the number of the temperature intervals q to be transferred out of the air conditioner and the number of the temperature intervals q to be transferred into the air conditioner in the starting state;
Figure FDA0003992430140000045
and
Figure FDA0003992430140000046
respectively representing the number of air conditioners to be switched out and switched into the temperature interval q in a closed state; n (-) represents the number of air conditioners of the corresponding set; in the process of recovering diversity, only the air conditioners in the same state and different temperature intervals are transferredThe air conditioner in the on/Guan Fei locking state can simultaneously recover the diversity, and the principles are basically the same;
(3) when the diversity of the air conditioner load is recovered in the closed state, the air conditioner set temperature adjusting step is as follows:
(a) Set of air conditioners with readjusted set temperature
Figure FDA0003992430140000047
Is an empty set; comparing the difference of the air conditioner quantity of each temperature interval between the ACLs to-be-recovered state and the reference state according to the current temperature information, judging whether the equations (19) and (20) are simultaneously satisfied, if so, executing the step (b), otherwise, turning to the step (e);
Figure FDA0003992430140000048
Figure FDA0003992430140000049
(b) Determining the number q of the temperature interval to be switched to off The value of which is determined by the formula (21), i.e.
Figure FDA00039924301400000410
(c) Calculating the pseudo set temperature of the air conditioner to be taken out according to the formula (36) and the formula (37)
Figure FDA00039924301400000411
And calculate
Figure FDA00039924301400000412
Figure FDA00039924301400000413
Figure FDA00039924301400000414
In the formula:
Figure FDA00039924301400000415
all the air conditioner sets to be turned out, of which the set temperature is not adjusted in the closed state, are represented;
(d) To be provided with
Figure FDA00039924301400000416
As an index, to the set
Figure FDA00039924301400000417
The air conditioners in the middle are sorted from small to large; if it is
Figure FDA00039924301400000418
Is greater than
Figure FDA00039924301400000419
Before choosing
Figure FDA00039924301400000420
Air conditioner of table
Figure FDA00039924301400000421
And form a collection
Figure FDA00039924301400000422
Turning to (b); if it is
Figure FDA00039924301400000423
Is less than
Figure FDA00039924301400000424
Before selection
Figure FDA00039924301400000425
Air conditioner of table
Figure FDA00039924301400000426
Forming a collection
Figure FDA00039924301400000427
(e) Calculating F D If the requirement is met, terminating the diversity recovery process, otherwise executing the step (f);
(f) Judging whether the temperature state information is updated, if so, turning to the step (a);
the diversity recovery procedure of the air conditioner in the on state is the same as that in the off state, and the difference is that: the number of the temperature interval is changed from 1-10 to 11-20, but the recovery is preferentially carried out from the temperature interval with small number in the recovery process; the corresponding sets are all sets in an open state.
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