CN106921159A - A kind of active power modulator approach of many air conditioner load groups - Google Patents
A kind of active power modulator approach of many air conditioner load groups Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
- H02J2310/14—The load or loads being home appliances
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of active power modulator approach of many air conditioner load groups, including：Controllable air conditioner load to each load bus carries out a point group；Measurement apparatus are installed on sample air conditioner load in each load group, the running state information of Real-time Collection sample load simultaneously uploads to grid control centre, estimate the running status of load group；The active power desired value that load coordinated control device need to be tracked according to load in grid control centre, with reference to the running status of load group, formulates the control instruction of load group；When some loads mine massively use can recover control after load group's diversity but when there is the first load control mode of power rush during control, the control of the primary frequency modulation and longer time yardstick of network system is participated under the control model；Realize the coordination control between many load groups.The present invention avoids causing air conditioner load clustering to close oscillation of power.And propose the recovery control strategy of air conditioner load, reduce the power that air-conditioning design temperature recovers to cause and recover peak.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power modulation, in particular to an active power modulation method for a multi-air-conditioner load group.
Background
Traditionally, power systems have adopted a "power generation tracking load" control approach, with the load being considered a passive physical terminal. A large number of loads with energy (heat energy, chemical energy, electromagnetic energy and the like) storage characteristics exist in an electric power system, such as an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a water heater, a heat pump, an electric automobile and the like, control parameters are switched or changed in a short time, obvious negative effects on power utilization of users are avoided, active participation in power balance control is achieved, and standby potential is provided for the system. Along with the change of power generation, the proportion of a large-capacity thermal power generating unit and a nuclear power generating unit is increased, large-scale intermittent energy power generation is connected to the grid, the capacity cost of a power generation side and the standby capacity requirement of a system are obviously increased, and the method has important significance in fully exploiting the standby potential of a load side.
The load control has the difficulties that the load quantity is huge and the geographical distribution is wide, and the current control mode and the existing problems are as follows:
1. the load distributed control without communication with a dispatching center is implemented, the response speed is high, the implementation cost is low, but if the load control and the system active power control structure are not organically combined, the uncertainty of the load control is caused, and the over-control or under-control phenomenon is easily caused.
2. The feedback control adopting bidirectional communication is implemented, the control precision is high, but the uploading and the issuing of the measured data and the control instruction are required between the load and the dispatching center, the response speed of the load control is reduced, the requirement on the information processing capacity is high, and the implementation cost is increased.
3. The method adopts bidirectional communication but open-loop control, the control center sends a control instruction to the load, the load receives the instruction and executes the instruction, and meanwhile, the control center collects the information of the sample load and estimates the running state of the load group. The load control mode reduces the communication cost for implementing load control, can ensure certain load control precision, and is beneficial to promoting the application of the load control mode in engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses an active power modulation method of multiple air conditioner load groups, and provides two load control modes capable of realizing load diversity recovery, so as to avoid causing aggregate power oscillation of the air conditioner load groups, provide a recovery control strategy of the air conditioner load and reduce a power recovery peak caused by recovery of set temperature of an air conditioner. Aiming at the inherent characteristics of the two control modes, a coordination control mode with superposed load group powers of the two control modes is provided. On the basis, a coordination control strategy of multiple load groups is further provided. And the air conditioner load groups are simulated, and the effectiveness of the active power modulation strategy of the multiple air conditioner load groups is verified.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific scheme:
an active power modulation method of a multi-air-conditioning load group comprises the following steps:
clustering the controllable air conditioner load of each load node;
installing a measuring device on the sample air conditioner load in each load group, acquiring the running state information of the sample load in real time, uploading the running state information to a power grid control center, and estimating the running state of the load group;
a load coordination controller in a power grid control center formulates a control instruction of a load group according to an active power target value to be tracked by a load and in combination with the running state of the load group;
when some load groups adopt a first load control mode which can restore the diversity of the controlled load groups but has power impact in the control process, the load groups participate in the control of primary frequency modulation and longer time scale of the power grid system in the control mode;
in order to eliminate the power impact in the first load control mode, a second load control mode which can restore the diversity of the load groups after control but has no power impact in the control process is implemented on other part of the load groups, so that the power impact does not occur to the total power after the load groups implementing different control strategies are superposed, and the coordination control among the multiple load groups is realized.
Further, the operation state information of the sample load includes terminal characteristics of the load, temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine, meteorological data related to the operation state of the load, and an external control command.
Further, when implementing the multi-load group coordination control, assume that a certain load group adopts the first load control mode, t1At the moment, the load response system controls and reduces the power requirement, and a corresponding air conditioner load group aggregated power change curve is corresponding to the load response system; t is t2Controlling another load group on the load node at any time by adopting a second load control mode corresponding to a corresponding air conditioner load group aggregate power change curve to enable delta P2-ΔP1Where the power change value is aggregated for the desired air conditioning load group.
Further, according to the Δ P after the load group control in the first load control mode1+ magnitude and time t3Determining a control command Δ P for a load group in a second load control mode2Magnitude and response time t2According to Δ P2The magnitude of the load group set temperature change is further determined.
Further, assuming that the distribution of the air conditioning load parameters is uniform, the rate of decrease of the indoor temperature when the air conditioner is turned on and the rate of increase of the indoor temperature after the air conditioner is turned off are equal and constant v, and the rates corresponding to the first load control mode and the second load control mode are respectively v1、v2Then Δ P1And t3The following equation is obtained:
t3＝(2Δ-)/v1
wherein f is1Is t3The probability density of the air conditioner load group in the on state at the moment is obtained by adopting Monte Carlo simulation according to the information of the sample load;
further, the Monte Carlo method is adopted to simulate the operation of the load group controlled by the second load control mode according to the information of the sample load, and the set temperature change delta T is fittedsetThe relation between the minimum value of the aggregate power of the air conditioning load group and the change of the aggregate power of the air conditioning load group is further defined by delta P2＝ΔP1+ get control command Δ TsetMagnitude of (1), time t of control2Is obtained by the following formula:
t2＝t3-/v2；
to set the temperature ramp-up value, Δ is the difference between the air conditioner off and on boundary temperature values.
Wherein the above time t1、t2And t3The relationship of (1) is: t is t1: a control timing of the first load control mode; t is t2: the control time of the second load control mode; t is t3: the peak time of the first load control mode. t is t1And the operating characteristics of the load group determine the peak time t of the first load control mode3(as in formula t)3＝(2Δ-)/v1Shown) t) of3And the operating characteristics of the load group determine the control time t of the second load control mode2(as in formula t)2＝t3-/v2Shown).
Further, for the first load control mode, the following phases are included:
1) before control, the probability density of the on and off of the air-conditioning load group is in a continuous change state, the number of the air-conditioners which are changed from the on state to the off state at a certain moment is basically the same as the number of the air-conditioners which are changed from the off state to the on state, and the change range of the aggregation power of the air-conditioning load group is very small;
2) controlling the air conditioner load, turning off all air conditioners with indoor temperatures between the new set temperature lower limit and the old set temperature lower limit, and immediately reducing the power requirement of an air conditioner load group after control;
3) after the control of the load, the load is controlled,operating without air conditioning load in the temperature range, so that only the lower temperature limit theta is reached in a period of time-Air conditioning load turned off without reaching the upper temperature limit θ+The started air conditioner load, namely the air conditioner load aggregated power continuously decreases until reaching a set first state, and then the air conditioner load aggregated power begins to increase;
4) when the operation state of the air-conditioning load group reaches the set second state, the air-conditioning load group is immediately in the set second state after the control is implementedThe load of the air conditioner does not reach the upper temperature limit, and the indoor temperature continues to rise until the upper temperature limitAndthen, the air conditioner enters a closing state;
5) when the operation period is finished, setting the upper limit of the transition set temperatureAndthe upper limit of the temperature of the air conditioning load is adjusted to theta+The air conditioner load group periodically runs between the new upper and lower temperature limits, the probability density of the on and off of the air conditioner load group is in a continuous change state along with the cycle work of the air conditioner, and the aggregation power of the air conditioner load group reaches a new steady state after one period after control;
respectively representing the upper and lower limits, theta, of the set temperature of the air conditioner before control+、θ-And respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the set temperature of the controlled air conditioner, namely the set temperature increase value, and delta is the difference value of the temperature values of the closing boundary and the opening boundary of the air conditioner.
Further, for the second load control mode, the following phases are included:
1) after the control, the upper limit of the set temperature of the air conditioner is set to theta+The lower temperature limit is kept unchanged;
2) in the first operation period of the air conditioner after control, when the air conditioner reaches the lower temperature limitAfter the operation state is changed, the lower limit of the temperature of the air conditioner is set to be theta-, and the air conditioner has the new upper and lower limits of the temperature theta+Theta-operation;
indicating a lower limit, theta, of the air conditioner set temperature before control+、θ-Respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the set temperature of the air conditioner after control;
3) when all the air-conditioning loads enter the operation between the new upper and lower temperature limits, the air-conditioning load group reaches a new stable state, the probability density of the on and off of the air-conditioning load group is in a continuous change state along with the cycle work of the air conditioner, and the load diversity is not damaged.
Further, the air-conditioning load in the application is based on a single air-conditioning three-order physical model, aggregation of multiple air-conditioning loads with non-uniform parameter distribution is achieved through Monte Carlo simulation, and the average running state and power requirement of a load group at any time t are obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps that loads with energy storage characteristics can actively participate in system power balance control, and the active power modulation strategy of a multi-air-conditioning load group is provided by taking air-conditioning loads as an example. Firstly, two load control modes capable of realizing load diversity recovery are designed, and the oscillation of the aggregate power of the air conditioner load groups is avoided. And a recovery control strategy of the air conditioner load is provided, and the power recovery peak caused by the recovery of the set temperature of the air conditioner is reduced. Aiming at the inherent characteristics of the two control modes, a coordination control mode with superposed load group powers of the two control modes is provided. On the basis, a coordination control strategy of multiple load groups is further designed. And the air conditioner load groups are simulated, and the effectiveness of the active power modulation strategy of the multiple air conditioner load groups is verified.
Drawings
FIG. 1(a) -FIG. 1(g) are schematic diagrams of the operation of the air conditioning load group in control mode one;
fig. 2(a) -fig. 2(d) are schematic diagrams of the operation state of the air conditioning load group in the second control mode;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the aggregate power curves of the air conditioning load groups in the three control modes;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a multi-load group coordination control framework under network constraints;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a control mode one and a control mode two load group coordination control;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of multi-load group coordination control;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the reduction of power in a multi-load group coordinated air conditioning load group.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
taking the air conditioning load as an example, two load control modes considering load diversity recovery are designed, and an air conditioning load recovery control strategy is proposed. On the basis, a coordination control mode combining the two control modes is provided for the inherent characteristics of the two control modes. A multi-load group coordination control strategy is further provided. And simulating the air conditioner load group, and verifying the effectiveness of the multi-load group coordination control strategy.
Regarding the air-conditioning load model: the air conditioner has a periodic operation characteristic: when the air conditioner in a refrigerating state is started to operate, the indoor temperature of the air conditioner is reduced, and when the indoor temperature reaches a closing boundary temperature value, the air conditioner is closed; and in the process of closing the air conditioner, the indoor temperature of the air conditioner rises, and when the indoor temperature reaches the opening boundary temperature value, the air conditioner is started again. According to the principle of heat balance, an air conditioner load physical model is accurately established, the influence of factors such as solar radiant quantity, the trend of a house, the heat capacity of a wall and the like on indoor heat is considered, and the three-order state space can be used for representing:
wherein,
in the formula: x is the number ofewThe average temperature of the outer wall; x is the number ofinIs the indoor temperature; x is the number ofiwIs the average temperature of the inner wall; cewIs the external wall heat capacity; cinHeat capacity for indoor objects (including air and furniture, etc.); ciwIs the internal wall heat capacity; i iseqHeat generated by the sun radiating through the window to the interior and objects therein; i isewThe power of solar radiation to the outer wall; i isdevThe rated power of the air conditioner; m (t) is the on-off state of the air conditioner, 0 represents off, and 1 represents on; rcewIs the thermal resistance between the outdoor environment and the outer wall; rew1/2 which is the equivalent thermal resistance of the exterior wall; rgsIs the equivalent thermal resistance of the exterior window; riw1/2, which is the equivalent thermal resistance of an indoor wall; xextIs the outdoor temperature; xadj-rIs the adjacent room temperature.
On the basis of a single air conditioner three-order physical model, aggregation of air conditioner loads with non-uniform parameter distribution can be realized by Monte Carlo simulation, and the average running state and power requirement of a load group at any time t can be obtained.
Load control strategy considering load diversity recovery: adjusting the set temperature of the air conditioner and controlling the starting and stopping states of the air conditioner. When the power shortage occurs in the system, the set temperature of the air conditioner in a refrigerating state is increased, and the power requirement of an air conditioner load group is reduced; otherwise, the set temperature of the air conditioner is reduced. In the process of load control, the load diversity is damaged, load group aggregation power oscillation is caused, and adverse effects are brought to system operation. The application designs two load control modes, and the load diversity after the control is recovered, and the two control mode mechanisms are analyzed by taking the set temperature of the air conditioner as an example.
The first control mode is as follows: the operation state of the air conditioning load group in the control mode one is shown in fig. 1(a) -fig. 1(g), wherein fig. 1(a) is a normal operation state of the air conditioning load group; FIG. 1(b) illustrates an air conditioning load group set temperature ramp-up operating condition; FIG. 1(c) air conditioner load group openingA minimum number of operating states; FIG. 1(d) air conditioning load groupThe air conditioner load between the air conditioner and the air conditioner starts to reach the running state when the original temperature reaches the upper limit; FIG. 1(e) air conditioning load group transient setpoint temperatureAn operating state; FIG. 1(f) air conditioning load group transient setpoint temperatureAn operating state; FIG. 1(g) a new steady state operating condition of the air conditioning load group; the dark gray lines in the graph represent the probability density of the air conditioning load group in the off state, the light gray lines represent the probability density of the air conditioning load group in the on state,respectively representing the upper and lower limits, theta, of the set temperature of the air conditioner before control+、θ-And respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the set temperature of the controlled air conditioner, namely the set temperature increase value, and delta is the difference value of the temperature values of the closing boundary and the opening boundary of the air conditioner.
The control mode I is implemented on the air conditioning load group, and the aggregate operation state of the air conditioning load group can be analyzed by the following stages:
1) before the control, the probability density of the on and off of the air-conditioning load group is in a continuously changing state, as shown in fig. 1 (a). The number of the air conditioners which are changed from the on state to the off state at a certain moment is basically the same as the number of the air conditioners which are changed from the off state to the on state, and the variation range of the aggregated power of the air conditioner load group is very small.
2) The air conditioning load is controlled such that all air conditioners having an indoor temperature between the new set temperature lower limit and the old set temperature lower limit are turned off, as shown in fig. 1 (b). The power requirements of the air conditioning load groups can be reduced immediately after control.
3) After the control of the load, the load is controlled,the air conditioner operates without air conditioning load in the temperature range. Therefore, only the lower temperature limit θ is reached for a period of time-Air conditioning load turned off without reaching the upper temperature limit θ+The air conditioning load that is turned on, i.e., the air conditioning load aggregate power, continues to decrease until the operation state shown in fig. 1(c) in which the air conditioning load group is opened to the minimum number is reached, and then the air conditioning load aggregate power starts to increase.
4) When the operation state of the air-conditioning load group reaches the state shown in FIG. 1(d)When the air conditioner load in the middle of the operation state reaches the original upper temperature limit, the air conditioner load is immediately controlled to be in the operation stateThe load of the air conditioner does not reach the upper temperature limit, and the indoor temperature continues to rise until the upper temperature limitAndthereafter, the air conditioner enters the off state as shown in fig. 1(e) and 1 (f).
5) When the operation period is finished, setting the upper limit of the transition set temperatureAndthe upper limit of the temperature of the air conditioning load is adjusted to theta+As shown in FIG. 1 (g).Andthe probability densities of the controlled load groups are made continuous by setting the transient set temperature upper limit. The air conditioner load group periodically runs between the new upper and lower temperature limits, the probability density of the on and off of the air conditioner load group is in a continuous change state along with the cyclic periodic work of the air conditioner, and the aggregation power of the air conditioner load group reaches a new steady state after one period after control.
And a second control mode: the operation states of the air conditioning load group in the control mode two are shown in fig. 2(a) -2 (d), wherein fig. 2(a) is an intermediate operation state 1 of the air conditioning load group; FIG. 2(b) air conditioning load group intermediate run state 2; FIG. 2(c) air conditioning load group intermediate run state 3; fig. 2(d) shows a new steady-state operating state of the air conditioning load group. The air conditioner load group aggregation operation state after the control is implemented can be analyzed by the following stages:
1) after the control, the upper limit of the set temperature of the air conditioner is set to theta+The lower temperature limit remains unchanged, as shown in fig. 2 (a).
2) In the first operation period of the air conditioner after control, when the air conditioner reaches the lower temperature limitThe lower limit of the temperature of the air conditioner is set to theta after the operation state is changed-Air conditioner at new upper and lower temperature limits theta+、θ-As shown in fig. 2(b) and 2 (c).
3) When all the air-conditioning loads enter the operation between the new upper and lower temperature limits, the air-conditioning load group reaches a new stable state, the probability density of the on and off of the air-conditioning load group is in a continuous change state along with the cycle work of the air conditioner, and the load diversity is not damaged.
The two control modes are compared: from the mechanism of the two control modes, the following conclusions can be drawn: the control mode I and the control mode II can recover the diversity of the controlled load groups; in the first control mode, power impact (larger than the aggregate power part of the load group before control) exists in the control process, and in the second control mode, power impact does not exist; the first control mode has high response speed and can respond to the control of the primary frequency modulation time scale of the system. And the second control mode has slow response speed and can respond to control with longer time scale. The aggregation simulation is performed on the air conditioner group by adopting a monte carlo simulation method, and the control mode of directly increasing the set temperature according to the control command and the power aggregation power curve of the control mode one and the control mode two are shown in fig. 3, so that the conclusion is further verified.
And (3) load recovery control strategy: in order not to have a significant negative effect on the electricity consumption of the user, the set temperature of the air conditioner needs to be restored. During the recovery process, the power recovery peak cannot occur, otherwise the operation of the power grid is adversely affected. At the same time, the diversity of the load needs to be restored in preparation for the load group to respond to the next control command. The application provides a control strategy for load recovery in time-sharing mode. After the control, the load is recovered to the set temperature before the control according to the second control mode after running for n periods, wherein n is a random integer, such as a random integer between 1 and 3.
The multi-load group coordination control framework of the application comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 4, the multi-load group coordination control framework groups the controllable air conditioning loads of each load node, and different load groups may adopt different control modes. Installing a measuring device on the sample air-conditioning load in each load group, and acquiring the running state information of the sample load in real time: the method comprises the steps of uploading meteorological data related to the running state of the load, such as the terminal characteristic of the load, the temperature, the humidity, the wind speed, the sunshine and the like, external control commands and the like to a power grid control center, and estimating the running state of a load group. A load coordination controller in a power grid control center formulates a control instruction of a load group according to an active power target value to be tracked by a load and in combination with the running state of a power system. When some load groups adopt a load control mode one, the method can participate in primary frequency modulation and longer-time scale control of the power system. In order to eliminate the power impact in the first load control mode, the second load control mode is implemented on other part of load groups, so that the power impact does not occur to the total power after the load groups implementing different control strategies are superposed, and the coordination control among multiple load groups is realized.
Multi-load group coordination control:
assume that a certain load group adopts a control mode one, t1At the moment, the load response system controls to reduce the power demand, and the aggregate power change curve of the air conditioner load group is shown as a dotted line in fig. 5; t is t2Controlling another load group on the load node at any time by adopting a second control mode, wherein the aggregate power change curve of the air conditioning load group is shown by dotted lines in FIG. 5, so that the delta P2-ΔP1Wherein the desired air conditioning load group aggregate power change value, Δ P1、ΔP2As shown by the legend. Delta P1: controlling the peak value of the load group aggregate power in the mode 1;
ΔP2: minimum value of the load group aggregate power in the control mode 2. The power of the load groups implementing different control strategies is superimposed without power surges, as shown by the solid line in fig. 5. The key of adopting two control modes to coordinate and control the load group is as follows: according to the control mode I after the load group control1+ magnitude and time t3Control command Δ P for determining load group in control mode two2Magnitude and response time t2According to Δ P2The magnitude of the load group set temperature change may be further determined.
Assuming that the air-conditioning load is uniformly distributed, the rate of decrease of the indoor temperature when the air-conditioner is turned on and the rate of increase of the indoor temperature after the air-conditioner is turned off are equal and constant v (the rates corresponding to the first and second control modes are respectively v1、v2). Then Δ P1And t3The following equations (4) and (5) can be obtained:
t3＝(2Δ-)/v1(5)
wherein f is1Is t3The probability density of the air conditioner load group in the on state at any moment can be obtained by adopting Monte Carlo simulation according to the information of the sample load;is the upper integral limit of equation 4.
The Monte Carlo method is adopted to simulate the operation of the two load groups in the control mode according to the information of the sample load, and the set temperature change delta T can be fittedsetThe relation between the minimum value of the aggregate power of the air conditioning load group and the change of the aggregate power of the air conditioning load group is further defined by delta P2＝ΔP1+ may derive the control command Δ TsetThe size of (2). Time t of control2The following equation (6) can be obtained:
t2＝t3-/v2(6)
with respect to Δ TsetAccording to the information of the sample load, the Monte Carlo method is adopted to simulate the operation of a control mode two-load group, and the set temperature change delta T is fittedsetAnd obtaining the delta T according to the minimum value of the change of the aggregate power of the target air-conditioning load groupsetIt is not obtained according to a formula.
The total load group after the coordinated control in the first control mode and the second control mode may be coordinated with a load group with the same characteristic or another load group using the second control mode to control the external characteristic of the total load group, as shown in fig. 6, the control of each load group in the figure includes a load recovery control strategy.
Simulation analysis, example system:
supposing that an air conditioner load group with 10000 number is provided, parameters are sampled in a value taking interval, the external environment influencing the change of the working state of the air conditioner, the value of initial value parameters and the probability distribution of the parameters are shown in table 1, the thermal resistance and the heat capacity value in an air conditioner room and the probability distribution obeying the thermal resistance and the heat capacity value are shown in table 2, and the difference delta of the temperature values of the closing boundary and the opening boundary of the air conditioner is 0.5 ℃.
TABLE 1 probability distribution and parameter distribution range of factors affecting air conditioner operation
TABLE 2 probability distribution and parameter values of indoor parameters of air conditioners
And (3) simulation results: multi-load group coordination control strategy verification
Assuming that 8 air conditioner load groups with 10000 numbers are provided, the operation of the air conditioner load groups is simulated by adopting a Monte Carlo method. And the set temperature of the air conditioner is increased by 0.2 ℃ according to the second control mode, and the set temperature is restored to the set temperature before control according to the second control mode after n (random integer between 1 and 3) cycles of operation. Fig. 7 shows a power reduction amount change curve of the air conditioning load group after the load group performs the cooperative control.
The method takes the air conditioner load as an example, on the basis of designing two load recovery control modes considering load diversity and air conditioner load recovery control strategies, and aiming at the inherent characteristics of the two control modes, a coordination control mode combining the two control modes is provided, and a coordination control strategy of a plurality of load groups is further designed. And the air conditioner load groups are simulated, and the effectiveness of the active power modulation strategy of the multiple air conditioner load groups is verified.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An active power modulation method of a multi-air-conditioner load group is characterized by comprising the following steps:
clustering the controllable air conditioner load of each load node;
installing a measuring device on the sample air conditioner load in each load group, acquiring the running state information of the sample load in real time, uploading the running state information to a power grid control center, and estimating the running state of the load group;
a load coordination controller in a power grid control center formulates a control instruction of a load group according to an active power target value to be tracked by a load and in combination with the running state of the load group;
when some load groups adopt a first load control mode which can restore the diversity of the controlled load groups but has power impact in the control process, the load groups participate in the control of primary frequency modulation and longer time scale of the power grid system in the control mode;
in order to eliminate the power impact in the first load control mode, a second load control mode which can restore the diversity of the load groups after control but has no power impact in the control process is implemented on other part of the load groups, so that the power impact does not occur to the total power after the load groups implementing different control strategies are superposed, and the coordination control among the multiple load groups is realized.
2. The active power modulation method of claim 1, wherein the operation state information of the sample loads includes terminal characteristics of the loads, temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine, weather data related to the operation state of the loads, and external control commands.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when implementing the multi-load group coordination control, it is assumed that a certain load group adopts the first load control mode, t1At the moment, the load response system controls and reduces the power requirement, and a corresponding air conditioner load group aggregated power change curve is corresponding to the load response system; t is t2Controlling another load group on the load node at any time by adopting a second load control mode corresponding to a corresponding air conditioner load group aggregate power change curve to enable delta P2-ΔP1Where the power change value is aggregated for the desired air conditioning load group.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the active power modulation method is performed according to Δ P after the load group control in the first load control mode1+ magnitude and time t3Determining a control command Δ P for a load group in a second load control mode2Size andresponse time t2According to Δ P2The magnitude of the load group set temperature change is further determined.
5. The active power modulation method of claim 4, wherein assuming that the distribution of the parameters of the air conditioning load is uniform, the rate of decrease of the indoor temperature when the air conditioner is turned on and the rate of increase of the indoor temperature after the air conditioner is turned off are equal and constant v, and the first load control mode and the second load control mode have rates v, respectively1、v2Then Δ P1And t3The following equation is obtained:
t3＝(2Δ-)/v1
wherein f is1Is t3The probability density of the air conditioner load group in the on state at the moment is obtained by adopting Monte Carlo simulation according to the information of the sample load;to set the temperature ramp-up value, Δ is the difference between the air conditioner off and on boundary temperature values.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the Monte Carlo method is used according to the information of the sample loadSimulating the operation of controlling the load group by adopting a second load control mode, and fitting the set temperature change delta TsetThe relation between the minimum value of the aggregate power of the air conditioning load group and the change of the aggregate power of the air conditioning load group is further defined by delta P2＝ΔP1+ get control command Δ TsetMagnitude of (1), time t of control2Is obtained by the following formula:
t2＝t3-/v2；
wherein the set temperature is an increased value.
7. The active power modulation method of multiple air conditioning load groups according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that for the first load control mode, it comprises the following phases:
1) before control, the probability density of the on and off of the air-conditioning load group is in a continuous change state, the number of the air-conditioners which are changed from the on state to the off state at a certain moment is basically the same as the number of the air-conditioners which are changed from the off state to the on state, and the change range of the aggregation power of the air-conditioning load group is very small;
2) controlling the air conditioner load, turning off all air conditioners with indoor temperatures between the new set temperature lower limit and the old set temperature lower limit, and immediately reducing the power requirement of an air conditioner load group after control;
3) after the control of the load, the load is controlled,operating without air conditioning load in the temperature range, so that only the lower temperature limit theta is reached in a period of time-Air conditioning load turned off without reaching the upper temperature limit θ+The started air conditioner load, namely the air conditioner load aggregated power continuously decreases until reaching a set first state, and then the air conditioner load aggregated power begins to increase;
4) when the operation state of the air-conditioning load group reaches the set second state, the air-conditioning load group is immediately in the set second state after the control is implementedAir conditioning load between does not reach temperatureUpper limit of temperature, the indoor temperature continues to rise until the upper limit of temperatureAndthen, the air conditioner enters a closing state;
5) when the operation period is finished, setting the upper limit of the transition set temperatureAndthe upper limit of the temperature of the air conditioning load is adjusted to theta+The air conditioner load group periodically runs between the new upper and lower temperature limits, the probability density of the on and off of the air conditioner load group is in a continuous change state along with the cycle work of the air conditioner, and the aggregation power of the air conditioner load group reaches a new steady state after one period after control;
respectively representing the upper and lower limits, theta, of the set temperature of the air conditioner before control+、θ-And respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the set temperature of the controlled air conditioner, namely the set temperature increase value, and delta is the difference value of the temperature values of the closing boundary and the opening boundary of the air conditioner.
8. The active power modulation method of multiple air conditioning load groups according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that for the second load control mode, it comprises the following phases:
1) after the control, the upper limit of the set temperature of the air conditioner is set to theta+The lower temperature limit is kept unchanged;
2) in the first operation period of the air conditioner after control, when the air conditioner reaches the lower temperature limitAfter the operation state is changed, the lower limit of the temperature of the air conditioner is set to be theta-, and the air conditioner has the new upper and lower limits of the temperature theta+、θ-The operation is carried out;
indicating a lower limit, theta, of the air conditioner set temperature before control+、θ-Respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the set temperature of the air conditioner after control;
3) when all the air-conditioning loads enter the operation between the new upper and lower temperature limits, the air-conditioning load group reaches a new stable state, the probability density of the on and off of the air-conditioning load group is in a continuous change state along with the cycle work of the air conditioner, and the load diversity is not damaged.
9. The active power modulation method of claim 1, wherein the air conditioning load adopts a single air conditioning three-order physical model, and uses monte carlo simulation to realize aggregation of multiple air conditioning loads with non-uniform parameter distribution, so as to obtain the average operating state and power requirement of the load group at any time t.
10. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the time t is the active power modulation method of multiple air conditioning load groups1、t2And t3The relationship of (1) is: t is t1: a control timing of the first load control mode; t is t2: the control time of the second load control mode; t is t3: peak time of the first load control mode;
t1and the operating characteristics of the load group determine the peak time t of the first load control mode3，t3And the operating characteristics of the load group determine the control time t of the second load control mode2。
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