CN113450846B - Sound pressure level calibration method and device - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C7/00—Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C7/16—Storage of analogue signals in digital stores using an arrangement comprising analogue/digital [A/D] converters, digital memories and digital/analogue [D/A] converters
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Abstract
The invention provides a sound pressure level calibration method, which comprises the steps of converting an original sound into a digital audio, calculating the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude value in the digital audio, obtaining the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, obtaining the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio and the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio after obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound, and using the actual sound pressure level of the original sound to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio, so that a time domain signal of the original sound pressure can be obtained from a digital audio file.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vibration noise testing, in particular to a sound pressure level calibration method and device.
Background
Wave is a standard sound file format used in recording, and the extension of the file is ". Wav". The Wave file is a digital storage standard for audio developed by Microsoft (Microsoft) and international business machines corporation (IBM) in combination, and adopts a RIFF (Resource Intercharge File Format) file format structure.
In general, a Wave file conforming to the RIFF file format is composed of a header file and a Data block, which records the amplitude of audio. However, the amplitude here does not represent the absolute magnitude of the sound pressure physical quantity of the recording sound thereof, but merely represents the relative magnitude. Therefore, the digital audio file cannot be restored to the sound pressure time domain signal in which the original sound is recorded.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a sound pressure level calibration method and apparatus, which can obtain an acoustic pressure time domain signal of an original sound.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention has the following technical scheme:
a sound pressure level calibration method comprising:
converting the original sound into digital audio;
extracting the amplitude of the digital audio, and calculating the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio;
obtaining a sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio;
obtaining a standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient;
calibrating a sound pressure level according to the standard of the digital audio and obtaining an actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio;
the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is written into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
Optionally, the calculating the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio includes:
using the formulaAnd calculating the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio.
Optionally, the step of obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio includes:
using the formulaAnd calculating to obtain the actual sound pressure level of the original sound.
Optionally, the conversion relation between the amplitude of the digital audio and the sound pressure of the original sound is that
Optionally, the writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio includes:
and writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into a header file of the digital audio in an ASCII code form.
Optionally, the converting the original sound into digital audio includes:
the acoustic sound is sample quantized using a 16-bit Wave file, which is converted into 16-bit Wave digital audio.
Optionally, the quantization divides the original sound into 32768 quantization levels according to the absolute value of the sound pressure.
A sound pressure level calibration device comprising:
a conversion unit for converting the original sound into digital audio;
the computing unit is used for extracting the amplitude of the digital audio, computing the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio, obtaining the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, obtaining the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, and obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio;
and the writing unit is used for writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio so as to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that the processor is adapted to perform the steps of the sound pressure level calibration method according to any one of the preceding claims when executing a computer program stored in the memory.
According to the sound pressure level calibration method provided by the embodiment of the invention, after the original sound is converted into the digital audio, the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio is calculated according to the amplitude value in the digital audio, then the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio is obtained according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, further the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio is obtained according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, then the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is obtained according to the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio and the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, after the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is obtained, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is written into the digital audio, and the sound pressure level of the digital audio is represented by the actual sound pressure level of the original sound, so that the sound pressure time domain signal of the original sound can be obtained from the digital audio file.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a sound pressure level calibration method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a sound pressure level calibration device according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As described in the background, an audio file format, for example, a Wave file conforming to the RIFF file format is composed of a header file and Data blocks. The header file of 44 bytes records information such as the sampling frequency, the number of channels, the number of sampling bits, the number of sampling frames, and the like of the audio, and the Data block records the amplitude of the audio, but the amplitude of the recorded audio does not represent the absolute value of the sound pressure physical quantity of the original sound, but only represents the relative size, so the digital audio file cannot be restored to the sound pressure time domain signal of the recorded original sound.
Therefore, the method for calibrating the sound pressure level comprises the steps of converting original sound into digital audio, extracting amplitude of the digital audio, calculating the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio by using the amplitude, obtaining a sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the sound pressure level of the digital audio, obtaining a standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient, obtaining an actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio and the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio, writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio, and representing the sound pressure level of the digital audio by using the actual sound pressure level of the original sound, so that a sound pressure time domain signal of the original sound can be obtained in the digital audio.
For a better understanding of the technical solutions and technical effects of the present application, the following detailed description of specific embodiments will be given with reference to the structural drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, in step S01, an original sound is converted into digital audio.
For computers, only binary numbers can be processed and stored, so analog audio needs to be converted to binary numbers using analog-to-digital (a/D) techniques so that analog audio is converted to digital audio before the computer is used to process and store sound signals. Analog-to-digital conversion is the conversion of an analog signal into a digital signal, the analog signal being continuous in both time (or space) and amplitude, continuous in time meaning that the sound signal is an infinite number of amplitudes in any given time range, continuous in amplitude meaning that the magnitude is a real number, and digital signal meaning that the signal is represented by discrete numbers in both time and amplitude. The analog signal can accurately reflect the change of the original sound, the analog signal is a waveform consistent with the actual data, and various physical quantities in the actual life, such as images under a camera, sounds recorded by a recorder, pressure, flow speed, rotating speed recorded by a workshop control room and the like are all analog signals. In the process of analog signal transmission, an information signal is firstly converted into a basically consistent fluctuation electric signal, then the fluctuation electric signal is transmitted in a wired or wireless mode, and the electric signal is restored into the information signal through receiving equipment after being received.
The analog-to-digital conversion process includes three steps of sampling, quantizing and encoding. Sampling, i.e. collecting signal data, is the conversion of a continuous analog signal into a time-discrete signal on the time axis. The number of samples in a second is called the sampling frequency, in Hz, and each sample records the amplitude of the wave at a particular instant. In general, the higher the sampling rate, the better the quality of the audio and the more realistic the reproduction of the sound. Meanwhile, the higher the sampling rate, the larger the size of the audio file. In a specific application, a corresponding sampling frequency needs to be set for the actual requirements, for example 8KHz (the sampling rate used by telephone, the tone quality basically meets the dialogue requirement), 22.05KHz (the sampling rate used by radio broadcast), 44.1KHz (the sampling rate used by CD, MP3, this tone quality is also possible for listening to songs), 48KHz (the sampling rate used by DVD, movies and professional audio).
In a specific embodiment, for example, the Wave file uses a digital signal, which describes the original analog signal by a set of numbers, and it is known that all sounds have their waveforms, the digital signal is obtained by "taking points" on the original analog signal waveform at intervals, giving each point a value, which is "sampling", and then connecting all the "points" together to describe the analog signal, where the sampling frequency of the Wave file may be 44.1kHz, that is, 44100 samples per second.
Quantization is the digitizing of the size of the acquired signal data, replacing the originally sampled discrete signal with a limited prescribed number. In the quantization process, the quantized data should be represented by a number of bits in a computer, the number of which is called a quantization level. In a specific application, the 16-bit Wave file is adopted to quantize the sound, and the sound is divided into 32768 levels according to the absolute value of sound pressure.
The sampled and quantized signal is not a digital signal and needs to be converted into a digitally encoded pulse, which becomes encoded, the simplest way of encoding being binary encoding, i.e. the amplitude of the quantized signal is represented by a binary number. The binary sequence formed after the analog audio is sampled, quantized and encoded is a digital audio signal, which is stored in a computer memory device in the form of a file, which may be referred to as a digital audio file. Digital audio has many different formats, such as WAV format, CD format, MP3 (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer iii) format, MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface), etc., with different fidelity and dynamic range.
In step S02, the amplitude of the digital audio is extracted, and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio is calculated according to the amplitude of the digital audio.
The sound pressure level (Sound Pressure Level, SPL) represents the intensity of sound pressure in decibels (dB), and the larger the sound pressure level, the larger the sound pressure is, the change in pressure due to sound waves in Pa.
In the embodiment of the application, when the original sound is converted into the digital audio, the continuous signal is required to be converted into the discrete signal, and then a limited number of values are extracted from the discrete signal, namely, the amplitude of the wave with limited characteristics is obtained, and the amplitude of the digital audio can be extracted from the digital audio after the original sound is converted into the digital audio. After the amplitude of the digital audio is extracted, the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio is calculated. In this embodiment, the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio can be calculated by the formula (1):
in the formula, SPL wave Representing the relative sound pressure level of a digital audio file, A Amplitude value Representing the amplitude of digital audio, the quantization level is binary data describing how many bits the data of the sound waveform are, in bits (bits).
In this embodiment, the quantization bit number may be 8 bits, 12 bits, 16 bits, or the like, for example, a 16-bit Wave file may be used to sample and quantize the original sound, and convert the original sound into 16-bit Wave digital audio, where the 16-bit quantization divides the original sound into 32768 quantization levels according to the absolute value of sound pressure, and after the 16-bit Wave file is used to sample and quantize, the relative sound pressure level of the Wave digital audio file may be calculated by formula (2):
referring to table 1, table 1 is a comparison table of digital audio amplitude and digital audio relative sound pressure level, in table 1, the relative sound pressure levels corresponding to a plurality of different amplitudes of 16-bit digital audio are calculated according to formula (2), taking an amplitude of 32768 as an example at a certain moment, the ratio of the amplitude 32768 to the quantization level is 1, and the ratio is a logarithm of 10 as a base multiplied by 20, so that when the amplitude is 32768, the sound pressure level of the digital audio is 0 db, and at this time, the sound pressure level of the audible threshold sound pressure is obtained. Only the relative sound pressure levels corresponding to partial magnitudes are shown in table 1, and the relative sound pressure levels of different magnitudes of digital audio may be calculated using equation (2).
Table 1 is a table showing the comparison of digital audio amplitude and sound pressure level
In step S03, a standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio is obtained according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio.
In this embodiment, the nominal sound pressure level 94dB is used for illustration, and the sound pressure level calculation formula is as follows (3):
wherein P is ref =0.00002 pa, spl=94, and the effective sound pressure P at this time can be obtained e = 1.00237446725455Pa. For a sine wave, the peak-to-peak value to effective value ratio isThe standard calibration coefficients are:
namely, the standard calibration coefficient corresponding to the calibration sound pressure level 94dB is P Standard calibration coefficient ＝2.83514313233577。
In a specific embodiment, a standard calibration factor is defined for determining the sound pressure level. If the sound pressure of the test data is higher than P of 94dB Standard calibration coefficient To avoid distortion due to data spillover from converting to digital audio, = 2.83514313233577, the higher sound pressure level 104dB can be used for calibration, and so on.
Referring to table 2, table 2 shows a correspondence between a digital audio sound pressure level and a standard calibration coefficient, the calibration level may be selected according to need, then the standard calibration coefficient may be obtained according to the sound pressure level corresponding thereto, taking the case of the calibration level B as an example, the sound pressure level corresponding to the calibration level B is 94, and then the standard calibration coefficient may be obtained according to formula (3) and formula (4) as 2.83514313233577Pa.
Table 2 digital audio sound pressure level
In step S04, a standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio is obtained according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient.
In this embodiment, in step S03, a standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio is calculated, and then a standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio is obtained according to formula (5):
SPL in Standard calibration Standard calibrated sound pressure level, P, representing digital audio Standard calibration coefficient Standard calibration coefficient, P, corresponding to the calibrated sound pressure level representing digital audio Reference to =0.00002 Pa represents the reference sound pressure.
In step S05, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is obtained according to the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio.
In this embodiment, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound can be obtained by combining the formulas (2) and (5), and the specific reference may be made to the formula (6):
where SPL represents the actual sound pressure level of the original sound, SPL wave Representing relative sound pressure of digital audioStage, P Standard calibration coefficient Standard calibration coefficient, P, corresponding to the calibrated sound pressure level representing digital audio Reference to =0.00002 Pa represents the reference sound pressure.
In this embodiment, the amplitude of the digital audio has a corresponding conversion relationship with the sound pressure of the original sound, and the conversion relationship from the sound pressure of the original sound to the audio amplitude of the Wave file may be as shown in formula (7):
wherein p is Sound pressure Sound pressure representing the original sound, A Amplitude value Representing the amplitude of digital audio, the quantization level is binary data describing how many bits the data of the sound waveform are, the units are bits (bits), P Standard calibration coefficient Representing the standard calibration coefficient corresponding to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio. In this embodiment, the 16-bit Wave file may be used to sample and quantize the acoustic sound, so as to convert the acoustic sound into 16-bit Wave digital audio, where the conversion relationship from the acoustic pressure of the acoustic sound to the audio amplitude of the Wave file may be as shown in formula (8):
in step S06, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is written into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
After the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is obtained, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is written into the digital audio, and the sound pressure level of the digital audio is represented by the actual sound pressure level of the original sound, so that a sound pressure time domain signal of the original sound can be obtained from the digital audio file, and the sound pressure time domain signal is the change relation of sound pressure amplitude along with time. In a specific embodiment, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound can be written into the header file of the digital audio in the form of ASCII codes as a sound pressure level representation mode of the digital audio file.
The sound pressure level calibration method in the embodiment of the present application is described above, and the sound pressure level calibration device in the embodiment of the present application is described below, and referring to fig. 2, the device includes:
a conversion unit 201 for converting an original sound into digital audio;
the computing unit 202 extracts the amplitude of the digital audio, calculates the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio, obtains the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, obtains the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, and obtains the actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio;
a writing unit 203 for writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
In the embodiment of the application, the amplitude of the digital audio can be extracted after the original sound is converted into the digital audio, the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio is obtained by calculating according to the amplitude of the digital audio after the amplitude is extracted, then the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio is obtained through the calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio, the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio is obtained according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, and the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is obtained according to the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio and the standard calibration sound pressure level.
Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device 300, including a memory 301, a processor 302, and a computer program 311 stored on the memory 301 and running on the processor 302, the processor 302 implementing the following steps when executing the computer program 311:
converting the original sound into digital audio;
extracting the amplitude of the digital audio, and calculating the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio;
obtaining a sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio;
obtaining a standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient;
calibrating a sound pressure level according to the standard of the digital audio and obtaining an actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio;
the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is written into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
Since the electronic device described in this embodiment is a sound pressure level calibration device for implementing the embodiment of the present application, based on the method described in the embodiment of the present application, a person skilled in the art can understand a specific implementation manner of the electronic device and various modifications thereof, so how to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application with respect to the electronic device will not be described in detail, and only the device adopted by the person skilled in the art to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application is within the scope of protection intended by the present application.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the device embodiments, since they are substantially similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and reference is made to the description of the method embodiments for relevant points.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention has been disclosed in the above description of the preferred embodiment, but is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention or modifications to equivalent embodiments using the methods and technical contents disclosed above, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sound pressure level calibration method, comprising:
converting the original sound into digital audio;
extracting the amplitude of the digital audio, and calculating the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio;
obtaining a sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio;
obtaining a standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient;
calibrating a sound pressure level according to the standard of the digital audio and obtaining an actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio;
the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is written into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio from the magnitude of the digital audio comprises:
using the formulaCalculating to obtain the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio;
wherein SPL wave Representing the relative sound pressure level of a digital audio file, A Amplitude value Representing the amplitude of digital audio, the quantization level is binary data describing how many bits the data of the sound waveform are, in bits (bits).
3. The method of claim 2, wherein deriving the actual sound pressure level of the original sound from the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio comprises:
using the formulaCalculating to obtain theThe actual sound pressure level of the acoustic sound;
wherein SPL represents the actual sound pressure level of the original sound, P Standard calibration coefficient Standard calibration coefficient, P, corresponding to the calibrated sound pressure level representing digital audio Reference to Representing a reference sound pressure.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the conversion relation of the amplitude of the digital audio and the sound pressure of the sound isWherein p is Sound pressure Representing the sound pressure of the original sound.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio comprises:
and writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into a header file of the digital audio in an ASCII code form.
6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein converting the acoustic sound to digital audio comprises:
the acoustic sound is sample quantized using a 16-bit Wave file, which is converted into 16-bit Wave digital audio.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the quantization divides the acoustic sound into 32768 quantization levels according to an absolute magnitude of the sound pressure.
8. A sound pressure level calibration apparatus, comprising:
a conversion unit for converting the original sound into digital audio;
the computing unit is used for extracting the amplitude of the digital audio, computing the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio, obtaining the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, obtaining the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, and obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio;
and the writing unit is used for writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio so as to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that the processor is adapted to carry out the steps of the sound pressure level calibration method according to any one of claims 1-7 when executing a computer program stored in the memory.
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