CN113450846A - Sound pressure level calibration method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a sound pressure level calibration method, which comprises the steps of converting original sound into digital audio, calculating according to the amplitude in the digital audio to obtain the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio, obtaining the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, further obtaining the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio and the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio after obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound, and representing the sound pressure level of the digital audio by using the actual sound pressure level of the original sound, thereby obtaining the sound pressure time domain signal of the original sound from a digital audio file.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vibration noise testing, in particular to a sound pressure level calibration method and device.
Background
Wave is a standard sound file format used in sound recording, with the file having an extension of ". wav". The Wave File is a digital storage standard for audio developed jointly by Microsoft (Microsoft) and international business machines corporation (IBM), and adopts the riff (resource exchange File format) File format structure.
In general, a Wave file conforming to the RIFF file format is composed of a header file and a Data block, and the Data block records the amplitude of audio. However, the amplitude here does not indicate the absolute magnitude of the sound pressure physical quantity of the recording original sound thereof, but merely indicates the relative magnitude. Therefore, the digital audio file cannot be restored to the sound pressure time domain signal of the recorded original sound.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a sound pressure level calibration method and device, which can obtain a sound pressure time domain signal of an original sound.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention has the following technical scheme:
a sound pressure level calibration method comprises the following steps:
converting the original sound into digital audio;
extracting the amplitude of the digital audio, and calculating to obtain the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio;
obtaining a sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio;
obtaining a standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient;
calibrating the sound pressure level according to the standard of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio to obtain the actual sound pressure level of the original sound;
writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
Optionally, the calculating the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio includes:
using a formula
And calculating to obtain the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio.
Optionally, the obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio includes:
using a formula
And calculating to obtain the actual sound pressure level of the original sound.
Optionally, a conversion relationship between the amplitude of the digital audio and the sound pressure of the original sound is
Optionally, the writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio includes:
writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound in ASCII code form into a header file of the digital audio.
Optionally, the converting the original sound into digital audio includes:
and sampling and quantizing the original sound by using a 16-bit Wave file, and converting the original sound into 16-bit Wave digital audio.
Optionally, the quantization divides the original sound into 32768 quantization levels according to the sound pressure absolute value.
A sound pressure level calibration apparatus, comprising:
the conversion unit is used for converting the original sound into digital audio;
the computing unit is used for extracting the amplitude of the digital audio, obtaining the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio through computing according to the amplitude of the digital audio, obtaining the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, obtaining the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, and obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio;
a writing unit for writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to carry out the steps of the sound pressure level calibration method according to any one of the preceding claims when executing a computer program stored in the memory.
According to the sound pressure level calibration method provided by the embodiment of the invention, after an original sound is converted into a digital audio, the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio is obtained through calculation according to the amplitude in the digital audio, then the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio is obtained according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, further the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio is obtained according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, then the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is obtained according to the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio and the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, after the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is obtained, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is written into the digital audio, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is used for representing the sound pressure level of the digital audio, and therefore, the sound pressure time domain signal of the original sound can be obtained from a digital audio file.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for sound pressure level calibration according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a sound pressure level calibration apparatus provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As described in the background, an audio file format, for example, a Wave file conforming to the RIFF file format is composed of a header file and a Data block. However, the 44-byte header file records information such as the sampling frequency, the channel number, the sampling bit number, and the sampling frame number of the audio, and the Data block records the audio amplitude, but the recorded audio amplitude does not represent the absolute value of the sound pressure physical quantity of the original sound, but only represents the relative size, and therefore, the digital audio file cannot be restored to the sound pressure time domain signal of the recorded original sound.
The method comprises the steps of firstly converting original sound into digital audio, extracting the amplitude of the digital audio, calculating the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio by using the amplitude to obtain the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio, then obtaining the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the sound pressure level grade of the digital audio, obtaining the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient, then obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio and the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio, writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio, and representing the sound pressure level grade of the digital audio by using the actual sound pressure level of the original sound, so that the sound pressure time domain signal of the original sound can be obtained from the digital audio.
For better understanding of the technical solutions and effects of the present application, the following detailed description of specific embodiments will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, in step S01, the original sound is converted into digital audio.
For computers, only binary numbers may be processed and stored, and therefore analog audio needs to be converted into binary numbers using analog-to-digital conversion (a/D) techniques before sound signals are processed and stored using a computer, so that the analog audio is converted into digital audio. Analog-to-digital conversion is to convert an analog signal into a digital signal, where the analog signal is a continuous signal in both time (or space) and amplitude, where continuous in time means that the sound signal has an infinite number of amplitudes in any given time range, continuous in amplitude means that the amplitude is a real number, and the digital signal means a signal represented by discrete numbers in both time and amplitude. The analog signal can accurately reflect the change of the original sound, the analog signal is a waveform consistent with actual data, and various physical quantities in real life, such as images under a camera, sound recorded by a recorder, pressure, flow rate, rotating speed and the like recorded by a workshop control room are analog signals. In the process of analog signal transmission, information signals are converted into basically consistent fluctuating electric signals, the fluctuating electric signals are transmitted out in a wired or wireless mode, and the information signals are restored into the information signals through receiving equipment after the electric signals are received.
The analog-to-digital conversion process comprises three steps of sampling, quantization and encoding. Sampling, i.e., acquiring signal data, is converting a continuous analog signal into a time-discrete signal on a time axis. The number of samples in one second is called the sampling frequency in Hz, and each sample records the amplitude of the wave at a particular moment. In general, the higher the sampling rate, the better the quality of the audio, and the truer the original sound is. Meanwhile, the higher the sampling rate, the larger the size of the audio file. In a specific application, it is necessary to set a corresponding sampling frequency for practical requirements, for example, 8KHz (sampling rate for telephone, sound quality substantially meeting dialogue requirements), 22.05KHz (sampling rate for radio broadcasting), 44.1KHz (sampling rate for CD, MP3, which is still available for listening to songs), 48KHz (sampling rate for DVD, movie and professional audio).
In a specific embodiment, for example, the Wave file uses a digital signal, which is a stack of numbers to describe the original analog signal for analysis, and we know that all sounds have waveforms, the digital signal is "sampling points" at intervals on the original analog signal waveform, each point is assigned a value, which is "sampling", and then all the "points" are connected to describe the analog signal, and the sampling frequency of the Wave file can be 44.1kHz, that is, 44100 samples per second.
Quantization is the digitization of the magnitude of the acquired signal data, replacing the originally sampled discrete signal with a finite number of specified values. In the quantization process, the quantized data should be represented by a number of bits in the computer, which is called a quantization level. In a specific application, a 16-bit Wave file is adopted to quantize the original sound, and the original sound is divided into 32768 levels according to the absolute value of sound pressure.
The sampled and quantized signal is not a digital signal, and needs to be converted into a digital code pulse, and the process becomes coding, and the simplest coding mode is binary coding, namely, the amplitude of the quantized signal is represented by binary numbers. The binary sequence formed by sampling, quantizing and encoding the analog audio is a digital audio signal, and the digital audio signal is stored in a computer storage device in the form of a file, which may be referred to as a digital audio file. Digital Audio has many different formats, such as WAV format, CD format, MP3(Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer III) format, MIDI (musical Instrument Digital interface), etc., and Digital Audio of different formats has different fidelity and dynamic range.
In step S02, the amplitude of the digital audio is extracted, and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio is calculated according to the amplitude of the digital audio.
The Sound Pressure Level (SPL) represents the intensity of Sound Pressure in decibels (dB), and the higher the Sound Pressure Level is, the higher the Sound Pressure is, the Pressure change caused by Sound waves is, and the unit is pascals (Pa).
In the embodiment of the application, when the original sound is converted into the digital audio, a continuous signal needs to be converted into a discrete signal, then a limited number of values are extracted from the discrete signal, namely, the amplitude of a limited number of characteristic time waves is obtained, and the amplitude of the digital audio can be extracted from the digital audio after the original sound is converted into the digital audio. After the amplitude of the digital audio is extracted, the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio is calculated. In this embodiment, the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio can be calculated by formula (1):
in the formula, SPLwaveRepresenting the relative sound pressure level of a digital audio file, AAmplitude valueRepresenting the magnitude of the digital audio, the quantization step is binary data describing how many bits the data of the sound waveform is, the unit being a bit (bit).
In this embodiment, the quantization bits may be 8 bits, 12 bits, 16 bits, and the like, for example, a 16-bit Wave file may be used to sample and quantize the original sound, convert the original sound into 16-bit Wave digital audio, divide the original sound into 32768 quantization levels according to the sound pressure absolute value by 16-bit quantization, and after sampling and quantizing the 16-bit Wave file, the relative sound pressure level of the Wave digital audio file may be calculated by formula (2):
referring to table 1, table 1 is a comparison table of digital audio amplitude values and digital audio relative sound pressure levels, in table 1, relative sound pressure levels corresponding to a plurality of different amplitude values of 16-bit digital audio are calculated according to formula (2), taking an amplitude value at a certain time as 32768 as an example, a ratio of 32768 to a quantization level is 1, and a result of multiplying a logarithm with a base 10 of the ratio by 20 is 0, so that when the amplitude value is 32768, the sound pressure level of the digital audio is 0 db, which is the sound pressure level of the threshold audible sound pressure. Only the relative sound pressure levels for some of the amplitudes are shown in table 1, and the relative sound pressure levels for different amplitudes of the digital audio can be calculated using equation (2).
TABLE 1 is the comparison table of digital audio amplitude and sound pressure level
In step S03, a standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio is obtained according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio.
In this embodiment, a nominal sound pressure level 94dB is used for explanation, and the sound pressure level calculation formula is as follows (3):
wherein P isrefThe effective value of sound pressure at this time P can be obtained by setting SPL to 94 and 0.00002Pae1.00237446725455 Pa. For a sine wave, the ratio of peak-to-peak value to effective value is
1. The standard calibration factor is then:
namely the standard calibration coefficient corresponding to the calibration sound pressure level 94dB is PStandard calibration factor＝2.83514313233577。
In a particular embodiment, the standard calibration coefficients are defined for determining the sound pressure level. If the sound pressure of the test data is higher than P of 94dBStandard calibration factorTo avoid conversion to digital audio distortion due to data overflow 2.83514313233577, a higher sound pressure level of 104dB may be used for scaling, and so on.
Referring to table 2, table 2 shows a corresponding relationship between the digital audio sound pressure level and the standard calibration coefficient, the calibration level may be selected as needed, and then the standard calibration coefficient is obtained according to the sound pressure level corresponding to the calibration level, taking the calibration level as B as an example, the sound pressure level corresponding to the calibration level B is 94, and then the standard calibration coefficient is 2.83514313233577Pa according to formula (3) and formula (4).
TABLE 2 digital Audio Sound pressure level ratings
In step S04, a standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio is obtained according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient.
In this embodiment, the standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio is calculated in step S03, and then the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio is obtained according to equation (5):
in the formula of SPLStandard calibrationStandard nominal sound pressure level, P, representing digital audioStandard calibration factorNominal sound pressure level, P, representing digital audioReference to0.00002Pa represents a reference sound pressure.
In step S05, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is obtained according to the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio.
In this embodiment, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound can be obtained by combining equations (2) and (5), and specifically, refer to equation (6):
where SPL represents the actual sound pressure level of the original sound, SPLwaveRepresenting the relative sound pressure level, P, of the digital audioStandard calibration factorNominal sound pressure level, P, representing digital audioReference to0.00002Pa represents a reference sound pressure.
In this embodiment, the amplitude of the digital audio has a corresponding conversion relationship with the sound pressure of the original sound, and the conversion relationship from the sound pressure of the original sound to the audio amplitude of the Wave file may be as in formula (7):
in the formula, pSound pressureSound pressure representing the original sound, AAmplitude valueRepresenting the amplitude of the digital audio, the quantization step is binary data describing how many bits the data of the sound waveform is, the unit being bit (bit), PStandard calibration factorRepresenting a nominal sound pressure level of the digital audio. In this embodiment, a 16-bit Wave file may be used to sample and quantize the original sound, and convert the original sound into 16-bit Wave digital audio, where a conversion relationship from sound pressure of the original sound to audio amplitude of the Wave file may be as in formula (8):
in step S06, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is written into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
After the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is obtained, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is written into the digital audio, and the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is used for representing the sound pressure level grade of the digital audio, so that a sound pressure time domain signal of the original sound can be obtained in a digital audio file, and the sound pressure time domain signal is a change relation of sound pressure amplitude along with time. In a specific embodiment, the actual sound pressure level of the original sound may be written in the header file of the digital audio in ASCII code form as a way of representing the sound pressure level of the digital audio file.
The sound pressure level calibration method in the embodiment of the present application is described above, and the following describes a sound pressure level calibration apparatus in the embodiment of the present application, with reference to fig. 2, the apparatus includes:
a conversion unit 201 for converting the original sound into digital audio;
the calculating unit 202 is configured to extract an amplitude of the digital audio, calculate a relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio, obtain a sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio, obtain a standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, and obtain an actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio;
a writing unit 203 for writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
In the embodiment of the application, the amplitude of the digital audio can be extracted after the original sound is converted into the digital audio, the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio is obtained through calculation according to the amplitude of the digital audio after the amplitude is extracted, then, the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio is obtained through the calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio, the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio is obtained according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, and the actual sound pressure level of the original sound is obtained through the relative sound pressure level and the standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio.
Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device 300, which includes a memory 301, a processor 302, and a computer program 311 stored in the memory 301 and running on the processor 302, and when the processor 302 executes the computer program 311, the following steps are implemented:
converting the original sound into digital audio;
extracting the amplitude of the digital audio, and calculating to obtain the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio;
obtaining a sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio;
obtaining a standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient;
calibrating the sound pressure level according to the standard of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio to obtain the actual sound pressure level of the original sound;
writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
Since the electronic device described in this embodiment is a device for implementing sound pressure level calibration in this embodiment, based on the method described in this embodiment, a person skilled in the art can understand the specific implementation manner of the electronic device of this embodiment and various variations thereof, and therefore how to implement the method in this embodiment by the electronic device is not described in detail, and as long as the person skilled in the art implements the device used in the method in this embodiment, the device belongs to the scope of the present application to be protected.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the apparatus embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, it is relatively simple to describe, and reference may be made to some descriptions of the method embodiment for relevant points.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and although the present invention has been disclosed in the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present teachings, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the present teachings, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (9)
1. A sound pressure level calibration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
converting the original sound into digital audio;
extracting the amplitude of the digital audio, and calculating to obtain the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio;
obtaining a sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio;
obtaining a standard calibration sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient;
calibrating the sound pressure level according to the standard of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio to obtain the actual sound pressure level of the original sound;
writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the magnitude of the digital audio comprises:
using a formula
And calculating to obtain the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound from the standard nominal sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio comprises:
using a formula
And calculating to obtain the actual sound pressure level of the original sound.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the amplitude of the digital audio is converted to the sound pressure of the original sound by a conversion relationship
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio comprises:
writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound in ASCII code form into a header file of the digital audio.
6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein converting the acoustic sound to digital audio comprises:
and sampling and quantizing the original sound by using a 16-bit Wave file, and converting the original sound into 16-bit Wave digital audio.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the quantization divides the original sound into 32768 quantization levels in terms of sound pressure absolute value.
8. A sound pressure level calibration apparatus, comprising:
the conversion unit is used for converting the original sound into digital audio;
the calculating unit is used for extracting the amplitude of the digital audio, calculating to obtain the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the amplitude of the digital audio and the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio according to the calibrated sound pressure level grade of the digital audio, obtaining the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio according to the sound pressure standard calibration coefficient of the digital audio, and obtaining the actual sound pressure level of the original sound according to the standard calibrated sound pressure level of the digital audio and the relative sound pressure level of the digital audio;
a writing unit for writing the actual sound pressure level of the original sound into the digital audio to represent the sound pressure level of the digital audio.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that the processor is adapted to carry out the steps of the sound pressure level calibration method according to any one of claims 1-7 when executing a computer program stored in the memory.
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