CN113450113A - Cross-chain interaction intelligent contract interaction model and collaborative execution system - Google Patents
Cross-chain interaction intelligent contract interaction model and collaborative execution system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An intelligent contract collaborative execution system comprises a source chain, a target chain and a cross-chain system. The source chain refers to a blockchain initiating a cross-chain operation, the target chain is a target blockchain of the cross-chain operation, and the cross-chain system provides a blockchain of cross-chain information transfer and verification. The intelligent contract collaborative execution process comprises the steps that a source chain initiates cross-chain write operation, a cross-chain write intelligent contract on a target chain is called through a cross-chain system, and transaction information is attached to the target chain; executing the intelligent contract on the target chain; and initiating a cross-chain reading operation by the source chain, and calling a cross-chain reading intelligent contract of the target chain through a cross-chain system to acquire the asset information of the corresponding account on the target chain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of block chain cross-chain, and particularly relates to an intelligent contract interaction model and a collaborative execution system for cross-chain interaction.
Background
With the continuous complexity of the application scenario of the blockchain, the interaction requirements between chains are continuously increased. While transaction operations on blockchains are initiated and executed through smart contracts, interactions between multiple chains tend to be accomplished through smart contracts. Due to the characteristics of the block chain, an intelligent contract on one chain cannot directly call an intelligent contract of another chain and obtain a contract result, so that a cross-chain intelligent contract execution mechanism and method need to be researched and designed to meet the requirements of data and transaction interaction among multiple chains.
Disclosure of Invention
In one embodiment of the present invention, an intelligent contract collaborative execution system includes a source chain, a target chain, and a cross-chain system. The source chain refers to a blockchain initiating a cross-chain operation, the target chain is a target blockchain of the cross-chain operation, and the cross-chain system provides a blockchain of cross-chain information transfer and verification. The intelligent contract collaborative execution process comprises the following steps,
the source chain initiates cross-chain write operation, a cross-chain write intelligent contract on the target chain is called through the cross-chain system, and transaction information is attached to the target chain;
executing the intelligent contracts on the target chain;
and the source chain initiates a cross-chain reading operation, and the cross-chain reading intelligent contract of the target chain is called through the cross-chain system to acquire the asset information of the corresponding account on the target chain.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a cross-chaining contract invocation according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-chain intelligent contract interaction model according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The biggest challenge in implementing a cross-chain intelligent contract is how to establish an effective connection and guarantee mechanism between two blockchains. The current research on interaction of the block chain cross-chain intelligent contracts is less, and the interaction framework and mechanism of the cross-chain intelligent contracts are the current main research direction. The improvement of the execution environment of the intelligent contract is also an optimization method of the cross-chain intelligent contract, the execution capability of the intelligent contract is improved by introducing technologies such as safe multi-party computing and trusted execution environment, the operation performance of the intelligent contract is further optimized by a concurrent execution method, and further the development of the intelligent contract is simplified and the interoperation capability is improved.
One embodiment of the invention provides an intelligent contract collaborative execution method facing cross-chain interaction, and the method comprises the following steps: source chain, target chain, cross-chain system. The cross-chain intelligent contract interaction model synchronizes the block header information of each participating block chain, monitors transaction information and verifies the transaction information through cross-chain contract. And the cross-chain write operation module initiates operation from the source chain, calls a cross-chain write intelligent contract on the target chain through the cross-chain system and attaches the transaction information to the target chain. After the intelligent contract on the target chain executes the operation, the state of the target chain is changed. And the cross-chain reading operation module initiates a cross-chain reading operation from the source chain, and calls a cross-chain reading intelligent contract of the target chain through a cross-chain system to acquire the asset information of the corresponding account on the target chain. The block head synchronous operation module carries out block head synchronous operation on all access chains and the cross-chain system through a block head synchronous contract, so that all the access chains can be synchronous with the block heads of other chains only by keeping the block head synchronous with the cross-chain system.
According to one or more embodiments, the intelligent contract collaborative execution system facing the cross-chain interaction comprises a cross-chain write operation module, a cross-chain read operation module and a block head synchronous operation module.
And the cross-chain write operation module is used for influencing or changing the cross-chain interactive operation of the state of the target chain, initiating operation from the source chain, calling a cross-chain write intelligent contract on the target chain through the cross-chain system, and attaching the transaction information to the target chain.
And the cross-chain read operation module is used for acquiring corresponding information from the target chain by the source chain without changing the state of the target chain.
The block head synchronous operation module interacts with each access chain and is responsible for information verification and management, the complexity of work can be effectively reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
The intelligent contract cooperative execution system initiates cross-chain contracts, verifies and executes cross-chain operations in the cross-chain interaction process through the 3 operation modules, and finally realizes the interaction between chains through the interaction between the intelligent contracts. In the interaction process, the participating bodies have three types including a source chain, a target chain and a cross-chain system. The source chain refers to a chain for initiating a cross-chain operation, the target chain is a target chain for the cross-chain operation, and the cross-chain system provides a block chain for cross-chain information transfer and verification.
Inter-chain interoperation can be divided into two types: a cross-chain write operation and a cross-chain read operation. And the cross-chain writing operation is initiated from the source chain, and the cross-chain writing intelligent contract on the target chain is called through the cross-chain system so as to attach the transaction information to the target chain. After the intelligent contract on the target chain executes the operation, the state of the target chain is changed. And a step of cross-chain reading operation, which is to initiate the cross-chain reading operation from the source chain, and call a cross-chain reading intelligent contract of the target chain through a cross-chain system to obtain the asset information of the corresponding account on the target chain.
All the access chains and the cross-chain system carry out block head synchronization work through a block head synchronization contract, so that all the access chains can realize the block head synchronization with other chains only by keeping the block head synchronization with the cross-chain system. And sending and broadcasting the signed block header between each accessed block chain and a cross-chain system, and in the subsequent cross-chain transaction request verification process, verifying the transaction reliability through the Merck tree information contained in the block header.
The intelligent contract is cooperated with the execution system to ensure the atomicity of the cross-chain transaction, if the execution on one chain fails, the whole transaction executes the rollback operation, and when all the operations executed on different chains are successful, the transaction is considered to be successful.
According to one or more embodiments, a cross-chain system with an intelligent contract collaborative execution function, as a coordinator of intelligent contract interaction and execution among multi-blockchains, needs to synchronize block header information of each participating blockchain, monitor transaction information, and perform verification of the transaction information through cross-chain contract.
The cross-chain contract interacts and executes a flow, as shown in FIG. 1. The user initiates an operation across three blockchains, and first initiates an intelligent contract conA on the blockchain a, where the contract executes a function funA. The function funA initiates the invocation of the corresponding contracts in blockchain B and blockchain C and performs the responsive function functions. Therefore, the user initiates a cross-chain transaction which can change the state of each block chain, and calls each connected intelligent contract to perform corresponding operation.
Taking cross-chain asset transfer as an example, a certain number of assets are locked on a blockchain A; initiating and calling an intelligent contract on the blockchain B from the blockchain A, and releasing corresponding assets on the blockchain B; before an asset on blockchain B is released, blockchain B should be able to acquire from blockchain a that the asset on blockchain B has been successfully locked; if the block chain B acquires and verifies the asset locking information on the block chain A, the intelligent contract on the block chain B executes asset releasing operation; and if the intelligent contract on the blockchain B is not successfully executed, the blockchain A acquires asset release failure information on the blockchain B, and the locked asset is unlocked.
According to one or more embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, an intelligent contract collaborative execution interaction model oriented to cross-chain interaction, a participating subject has three types including a source chain, a target chain and a cross-chain system. The source chain refers to a chain for initiating a cross-chain operation, the target chain is a target chain for the cross-chain operation, and the cross-chain system provides a block chain for cross-chain information transfer and verification.
The original chain which initiates the cross-chain operation executes the cross-chain service, the contract of the source chain starts to execute the service logic and call the interface of the cross-chain, the cross-chain contract processes the request and generates the cross-chain information of the block head and the cross-chain event which contain the Mercker tree information. And submitting the Merck certification to a contract of a cross-chain system by the cross-chain information of the source chain, synchronizing block header information from the intelligent contract, and finishing updating the cross-chain event ledger information. And the target link is proved by the Mercker submitted by the cross-link system to complete transaction information verification, synchronize block header information and call contracts and finally complete the whole transaction process.
The cross-chain intelligent contract cooperatively executes the interaction model, analyzes cross-chain write operation, cross-chain read operation, block head synchronous operation and the like, and provides basic support for the cooperative operation of the cross-chain intelligent contract. The execution of the cross-chain intelligent contract is established on the basis of the execution of each block chain intelligent contract, and the execution of the cross-chain intelligent contract needs to be simple and efficient.
According to one or more embodiments, a cross-chain contract execution method includes a cross-chain contract two-phase protocol and a cross-chain contract four-phase protocol.
The key point in the cross-chain contract operation process is the execution of cross-chain write operation, and for cross-chain read operation, only the calling state of the cross-chain read operation needs to be synchronized to realize data sharing.
The cross-chain contract two-stage execution process is to perform the cross-chain contract two-stage protocol-based cooperative execution of the intelligent contract for two blockchains. The cross-chain contract two-phase protocol comprises a preparation phase and a submission phase, and the cross-chain system can perform one task issuing and one synchronous operation. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step S1, a user on a source chain A initiates a transaction Tx _ A and invokes a contract on the source chain. When the Tx _ A succeeds on the source chain A, the following information is sent to the cross-chain system;
s2, triggering cross-chain operation, wherein the cross-chain system distributes corresponding contract calling data to a target chain B and attaches proof: crosschain → ChainB (Tx _ B, proof (H _ ChainA ^ (Tx _ A)));
s3, the target chain B executes cross-chain write operation, and after the execution is finished, the block chain returns execution state information to the cross-chain system;
and the cross-chain system collects the return information to synchronize the execution conditions of all chains, judges whether all the chains involved in the cross-chain atomic transaction are successful according to the return result, and distributes the state information to the chain B to confirm the final state, so that the cross-chain contract execution is finished.
The cross-chain contract four-stage execution process is to add a confirmation stage on the basis of the original three stages. The cross-chain contract four-stage protocol comprises a preparation stage, a pre-submission stage, a submission stage and a confirmation stage, wherein the cross-chain contract four-stage protocol can perform task issuing once and synchronous operation twice in four stages. In the confirmation stage, the cross-chain system synchronizes the submitted execution state, broadcasts the execution result, and checks the execution state of each participating chain.
Step S1, a user on a source chain A initiates a transaction Tx _ A and invokes a contract on the source chain. After Tx _ a succeeds on source chain a, send: ChainA → Crosspain (ChainB, Tx _ B; ChainC, Tx _ C);
step S2, after the cross-chain operation is triggered and enters a preparation stage, the cross-chain system distributes corresponding contract calling data and attaches proof to a target chain B and a target chain C so as to trigger a pre-execution contract, wherein the calling information is as follows: crosschain → ChainB (Tx _ B, proof (H _ ChainA ^ (Tx _ A)));
s3, pre-executing related transactions by the target chain B and the target chain C through intelligent contracts on respective block chains, locking related resources aiming at cross-chain write operation, returning pre-execution success or failure information to a cross-chain system, and returning transaction information, state information and verification information;
s4, the cross-chain system collects return information to synchronize the pre-execution conditions of all chains, after all the chains are pre-executed successfully, the cross-chain system sends submission information to a source chain ChainA, a target chain B and a target chain C, and the target chain executes cross-chain write operation to unlock related resources:
ChainB→Crosschain:(Tx_B,Status_B,proof(H_ChainB^(Tx_B)))
ChainB→Crosschain:(Tx_C,Status_C,proof(H_ChainB^(Tx_B)))；
s5, the cross-chain system collects return information to synchronize the execution conditions of all chains, judges whether all the chains involved in the cross-chain atomic transaction are successful according to the return result, and distributes the state information to a sending participating chain to confirm the final state, and finally completes the cross-chain contract execution;
compared with the existing block chain cross-chain interaction mode, the cross-chain interaction intelligent contract collaborative execution method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a collaborative execution method of a cross-chain intelligent contract aiming at the problem of cross-chain system interaction, and defines a set of cross-chain intelligent contract interaction model. The method includes a cross-chain contract two-phase protocol and a cross-chain contract four-phase protocol.
The cross-chain contract two-phase protocol comprises a preparation phase and a submission phase, can support cross-chain read operation and simple cross-chain write operation, and supports 2-3 scenarios of simple block chain cross-chain contract calling.
The cross-chain contract four-stage protocol comprises a preparation stage, a pre-submission stage, a submission stage and a confirmation stage, wherein the cross-chain contract four-stage protocol can perform one-time task issuing and two-time synchronous operation in the four stages, can execute a slightly complex cross-chain contract calling scene, and realizes a more complex function.
Through comparing experimental analysis of multiple cross-link contract calling and concurrent cross-link contract calling of different block chains, the cross-link contract execution method provided by the invention has relatively stable operation efficiency and can support basic cross-link contract calling and cooperative execution.
It should be noted that while the foregoing has described the spirit and principles of the invention with reference to several specific embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, nor is the division of aspects, which is for convenience only as the features in these aspects cannot be combined. The invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An intelligent contract cooperative execution system is characterized by comprising a source chain, a target chain and a cross-chain system,
a source chain refers to a blockchain that initiates a cross-chain operation,
the target chain is a target block chain of cross-chain operations,
the cross-chain system provides a blockchain for cross-chain information transfer and verification,
the intelligent contract collaborative execution process comprises the following steps,
the source chain initiates cross-chain write operation, a cross-chain write intelligent contract on the target chain is called through the cross-chain system, and transaction information is attached to the target chain;
executing the intelligent contracts on the target chain;
the source chain initiates a cross-chain read operation, a cross-chain read intelligent contract of the target chain is called through the cross-chain system, asset information of a corresponding account on the target chain is obtained, and in the process,
a cross-chain write operation to affect or change the state of a corresponding blockchain,
and the cross-chain read operation does not influence the state of the corresponding chain and is used for returning the information of the corresponding chain.
2. The intelligent contract collaborative execution system according to claim 1, wherein the system block-head synchronizes source chain, target chain, and cross-chain systems through block-head synchronization contracts.
3. An intelligent contract interaction model of cross-chain interaction is characterized in that the model comprises a cross-chain write operation module, a cross-chain read operation module and a block head synchronous operation module,
the cross-chain write operation module initiates operation from the source chain, calls a cross-chain write intelligent contract on the target chain through a cross-chain system, and attaches the transaction information to the target chain;
the cross-chain reading operation module initiates cross-chain reading operation from the source chain, and calls a cross-chain reading intelligent contract of the target chain through a cross-chain system to acquire asset information of a corresponding account on the target chain;
and the block head synchronous operation module is interacted with each access block chain, and performs block head synchronous work through a block head synchronous contract to realize block head synchronization of each block chain.
4. The intelligent contract interaction model of claim 3, wherein the signed block header is sent and broadcast between each accessed block chain and the cross-chain system, and transaction reliability verification is performed through the mulck tree information contained in the block header in a subsequent cross-chain transaction request verification process.
5. The intelligent contract interaction model of claim 4, wherein in the interaction model, the cross-chain system performs the following steps:
the source chain A initiates a transaction Tx _ A, a contract on the source chain is called, and after the transaction Tx _ A succeeds on the source chain A, information is sent to a cross-chain system;
triggering the cross-chain operation, and distributing corresponding contract calling data and attaching proof to a target chain B by the cross-chain system: crosschain → ChainB (Tx _ B, proof (H _ ChainA ^ (Tx _ A)));
the target chain B executes cross-chain write operation, and after the execution is finished, the target chain B returns execution state information to the cross-chain system;
and the cross-chain system collects the return information to synchronize the execution conditions of all the access chains.
6. The intelligent contract interaction model according to claim 5, wherein the cross-chain system judges whether all of the plurality of chains involved in the cross-chain atomic transaction are successful according to the return result, and distributes the state information to the target chain B for final state confirmation, and the cross-chain contract execution is completed.
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