CN113448845A - UI automation test method and system - Google Patents
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
- G06F11/3668—Software testing
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- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
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Abstract
The invention relates to a UI automatic test method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a, a case loading function module reads configuration and environment information and reads a test case to be executed, wherein the test case is generated by a case maintenance function module; step B, the case execution function module analyzes the test data according to the test case; step C, the case execution function module analyzes element operation according to the test steps of the test case; step D, executing element operation by using the case execution function module; and E, writing the test result into a database by the report generation functional module and generating a test report. The newly added case maintenance function module realizes the visual operation of compiling the test case, is convenient for the test of testers, has no code requirement on the testers, can be used by the testers without technical foundation, and improves the test efficiency of the testers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer science, in particular to a UI automatic testing method and system.
Background
With the development of company services, more and more service management systems are developed, the workload of testing the front-end UI becomes larger and larger, and particularly after the company introduces an agile development mode, the workload of testing the service management systems becomes larger and larger, and testers perform a large amount of repeated work.
The existing UI automation test frames have various types, but have code requirements on testers, the test cases can be completed only by writing codes when the test cases are written, in addition, a lot of operation errors exist in the execution process, frequent debugging is needed, and the testers without technical bases can not complete the UI automation test.
Chinese patent publication No. CN110287094A discloses a patent entitled "a UI automation test method, apparatus and computer readable storage medium", the method includes: acquiring a UI automation test code; matching a corresponding identification mechanism to a page corresponding to each test step of the UI automation test code, wherein the identification mechanism comprises a space attribute identification mechanism and an image identification mechanism; storing test script information of an identification mechanism; running UL automatic test codes and test script information matched with the identification mechanism; the method comprises the steps of obtaining each test step in test script information matched with an identification mechanism, and automatically completing UI automatic test by different methods through the identification mechanism matched with a page corresponding to each test step.
Chinese patent publication No. CN107220172A discloses a method and system entitled "automatic user interface test by model-driven technology", in which a UI test case model is generated based on the contents of the selected UI model, the system selects a UI model corresponding to the creation of the test case model using a test case model creation module, and fills air into a test case editor, and in one embodiment, the test case model is created as a sequence of UI actions based on a structural pattern of the selected UI model before a shell is filled into the test case editor. In another embodiment, the test case editor displays and edits the test case model. Then, the verification model verifies the test case model for the corresponding UI model based on the rules and constraints. Thereafter, the script generation module generates a test case script from the test case model for the selected UI model. The patent has no case maintenance function module, has code requirements when developing test cases, is difficult to maintain the test cases, and disperses the energy of testers in designing the test cases.
Chinese patent publication No. CN105302413A discloses a patent entitled "a spatial UI test method and system", which includes: intercepting a target picture and a source picture, and calculating color histograms of the target picture and the source picture to obtain a Papanicolaou distance; when the Babbitt distance is larger than a preset threshold value, acquiring the positions and first pixel values of a plurality of mutation pixel points on a target picture and a second pixel value of a pixel point at the position on a source picture, wherein the mutation pixel points are pixel points on the outline of the UI; and outputting the test result according to the variance or standard deviation of the plurality of first pixel values and the plurality of second pixel values. The invention also does not provide a case maintenance function module, has code requirements on testers, is difficult to maintain the test cases, and disperses the energy of the testers in designing the test cases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a UI automatic test method and a UI automatic test system, which solve the technical problems that: UI automation test in the correlation technique has code requirements for testers, the test cases can be completed only by the codes when the test cases are written, the test cases are difficult to maintain, the testers without technical bases can not complete the test, even the testers with the technical bases can spend a large amount of time for compiling the test cases, and the testers are dispersed to be dedicated to the time for designing a good test case.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a UI automation test method comprises the following steps:
step A, acquiring a positioning element of a test case, wherein the test case is generated through a case maintenance function module;
b, calling a corresponding factory method to operate the positioning element by using the case execution function module;
and step C, generating a report function module to generate a test report.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the case maintenance function module comprises a project management function module, a page element management function module and a test case function module;
the project management function module comprises a permission management function;
the page management function module acquires a page to be tested;
the page element management function module acquires an element name, an affiliated project, an affiliated page, a positioning type and a positioning value;
the test case module acquires a case title, a belonged item, a priority and remark information.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
in the step a, the use case maintenance function module obtains a test step, a mode of searching for a service element, a relative path of the element, an id, a name, a css, and an operation mode of an operation element.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
and B, storing the test case generated in the step A in a database through a JSON format, and reading and analyzing JSON data from the database by a test case loading function module.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the test case loading function module analyzes the test case to obtain a case name, an operation step, an element name and a searching mode.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the test report comprises operation steps, wherein the operation steps comprise operation step names, operation elements, operation modes, element searching modes and operation step results;
when the operation element fails in the step B, the test report further includes a test operation failure abnormal value.
The invention also provides a UI automation test system, which comprises:
the case maintenance function module is used for generating and maintaining a test case;
the case loading function module is used for reading and analyzing the test case;
the case execution function module is used for operating the elements;
and the report generation functional module is used for generating a test report.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the case maintenance function module comprises a project management function module, a page element management module, a keyword library function module and a test case function module;
the project management function module comprises authority management functions, and the authority management functions comprise configuration, editing and deleting functions.
The page management function module comprises editing, deleting and searching functions, and each page manages a plurality of elements.
The keyword library function module comprises new creation, editing, deleting and searching functions.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
and the use case loading functional module reads and analyzes JSON data from the database to obtain a use case name, an operation step, an element name and a searching mode.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the case execution function module provides functions of clicking, inputting, pulling down a frame and switching a window, each element is displayed and waited before operation, a display waiting setting strategy is to wait for 10 seconds totally, whether the element appears or not is searched every 0.5 seconds, and if the element is not found in 10 seconds, an exception is thrown out;
the case execution function module also comprises a test case failure rerun function, when the case fails for 3 times, the case is judged to fail, and the selenium executes failure screenshot operation and stores the failure screenshot operation in the database.
By adopting the technical scheme, the beneficial technical effects of the invention can be achieved as follows; the newly added case maintenance function module realizes the visual operation of compiling the test case, is convenient for the test of testers, has no code requirement on the testers, can be used quickly even without technical foundation testers, improves the test efficiency of the testers, can use more time for designing the test case and develops the high-quality test case, so that the test case has higher coverage and more complete function coverage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of UI automation testing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a project management function module;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a page management function module;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a keyword library function module;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic diagram of the keyword library function module;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a test case execution configuration;
FIG. 7 is a functional diagram of a test report;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a database table.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
With the development of company business, more and more business management systems are developed, the testing workload of the front-end UI is larger and larger, and particularly after the company introduces an agile development mode, the testing workload of the business management systems is larger and larger.
In the related technology, UI automation test frames have various types, code requirements are provided for testers, the test cases can be completed only by the codes when the test cases are written, in the execution process, a lot of running errors can exist, frequent debugging is required, the testers without bases cannot complete the test work, even the testers with technical bases can spend a lot of time writing the test cases, and the time for the testers to design the test cases is occupied.
In the manual test stage, test cases are output aiming at the project, if the test cases need to be subjected to regression test in the version iteration process, a large amount of manpower is consumed by repeatedly executing the test cases manually, and therefore automatic test is brought to the end.
The nature of UI automation testing is five: positioning elements, operating elements, simulating page actions, asserting results and generating reports, wherein based on the five essentials, the whole process of the automatic test is as follows:
firstly, for a test case, a positioning element of the test case needs to be found;
secondly, operating elements;
thirdly, simulating page operation;
fourthly, judging a result;
and fifthly, automatically generating a report according to the execution result.
Scenario suitable for UI automation testing:
not all test scenarios are suitable for implementation with automated testing.
For this, the following criteria may be referenced to assist in the determination:
first, the demand for the project does not change frequently;
secondly, the UI of the page has already entered the stabilization phase;
third, the project period is long enough;
fourth, a number of regressed testing tasks.
Some of the items are obviously unsuitable for using the UI automatic test, such as video players, such as storm videos, Tencent videos, Internet-of-things cloud music, qq music and other software with strong interactivity and strong concurrent dependence. The software judges the video content pair is not right, and judges the music sound and the lyric pair are not right, so the difficulty is great.
In addition, the coverage of the automated test is referenced by the following notation:
the iteration cycle is a project of half a year or more, the change of each demand is little, the coverage rate of the automatic test is generally 60% to 70%, and mainly covers the old function and core scene before covering; the iteration cycle is a month project, the coverage rate is about 20% to 30%, and the maximum number of use cases in the P0 level and partial use cases in the P1 level are mainly covered; for the 1-2 monday iteration, the coverage rate is about 10%, mainly the coverage P0 level, and the core scenario may have serious influence on the user.
In order to enable testers to complete UI test and maintenance cases without technical foundation, the invention provides a UI automatic test method and a UI automatic test system.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a flow chart of UI automation test of the present invention, a method for UI automation test includes the following steps: a, a case loading function module reads configuration and environment information and reads a test case to be executed, wherein the test case is generated by a case maintenance function module; step B, the case execution function module analyzes the test data according to the test case; step C, the case execution function module analyzes element operation according to the test steps of the test case; step D, executing element operation by using the case execution function module; and E, writing the test result into a database by the report generation functional module and generating a test report.
Optionally, the use case maintenance function module includes a project management function module, a page element management function module, and a test case function module; the project management function module comprises a right management function; the page management function module acquires a page to be tested; the page element management function module acquires an element name, an affiliated project, an affiliated page, a positioning type and a positioning value; the test case module acquires a case title, a belonged item, a priority and remark information.
Optionally, in step a, the use case maintenance function module obtains the test step, the mode of searching for the service element, the relative path of the element, id, name, css, and the operation mode of the operation element.
Optionally, the test case generated in step a is saved in a database through a JSON format, and the test case loading functional module reads and parses JSON data from the database.
Optionally, the test case loading function module analyzes the test case to obtain a case name, an operation step, an element name and a search mode.
Optionally, the test report includes an operation step, where the operation step includes an operation step name, an operation element, an operation mode, a mode of searching for the element, and a result of the operation step; when the operation element fails in step B, the test report further includes a test operation failure outlier.
The invention also provides a UI automation test system, which comprises:
the case maintenance function module is used for generating and maintaining a test case;
the case loading function module is used for reading and analyzing the test case;
the case execution function module is used for operating the elements;
and the report generation functional module is used for generating a test report.
Optionally, the use case maintenance function module includes a project management function module, a page element management function module, and a test case function module.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a project management function module is shown, the project management function module provides users with a function of creating a system to be tested, the project management function module provides a function of authority management, and after a user logs in the system by using a collaborative account, the user can only see the project created by the user, so that the mistaken deletion of the project among the testers is avoided, and the function provides common functions of configuration, editing, deletion and the like.
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a page management function module is shown, where the page management function module provides a management function of a system test page, and the page management function module can manage pages of the system and provide basic functions such as editing, deleting, searching, and the like.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, for one of the schematic diagrams of the keyword library function module and the second of the schematic diagrams of the keyword library function module, the keyword library function module provides basic functions such as creating, editing, deleting, searching, and the like, the selenium action is also extracted from the test case and called as a function, the same action can be used by multiple test system cases, for example, the text input action in each test case can directly call the keyword of "input text", the keyword is packaged in the Base, two parameters, that is, the input content, are exposed to the outside, and when the test case is designed, only the two parameters need to be filled correspondingly, and the corresponding selenium statement can be automatically executed.
The system provides a case maintenance functional module, and a tester can directly operate on a visual interface of the case maintenance functional module to complete the compiling of the test case.
The test case compiling steps of a tester are as follows:
a first step; and (4) logging in the system by a tester by using the collaborative account, adding an edited project portal on the project management page, and displaying the edited project in a data list form.
The second step is that: and adding a page to be tested in the page management function module, and selecting the page under the portal system when the page is newly built.
The third step: the element management of the added page needs to input information such as element names, items, pages, positioning types and positions, and all page elements need to be maintained under the function.
The fourth step: and compiling the test case in the test case function module, wherein the case title, the belonged item, the priority, the remark information and the like are required to be input.
Referring to fig. 6, a schematic diagram of test case execution configuration is shown, an automated test platform provides a page management module, a tester adds elements to be operated, a POM mode is adopted in a background, the tester selects cases to be executed in the test case management module, a front end transmits case IDs to the background, the background searches page elements and case sets from a database according to the case IDs, the cases are executed according to case priorities, the execution is a non-sensing operation for the tester, and the background is automatically loaded according to the case IDs.
After a tester finishes adding page elements and writes a test case, a case loading module finishes a case loading function, a case execution engine analyzes test data according to case ID and calls a corresponding method according to test steps in the case, the system provides common operations such as clicking, inputting, pulling down a frame, switching windows and the like, each element uses display waiting processing before operation, the display waiting setting strategy is to wait for 10 seconds totally, whether the element appears or not is searched every 0.5 seconds, if the element is not found in 10 seconds, an abnormity is thrown out, in order to increase the stability of case execution, the system also designs a test case rerun strategy, when the case fails for 3 times, the case is judged to fail, if the case fails to be executed, selenium executes the operation of failed screenshot and stores the operation in a database, error information and screenshot information are displayed in a test result, the tester can analyze the reason of case execution failure according to the information stored in failure, so that problems can be conveniently checked.
Referring to fig. 7, a functional diagram of a test report is shown, after the execution of the use cases is completed, the system generates a test report, the test report is displayed at the front end according to the test result, the front end provides a test result functional module, the test result shows the total number of the executed use cases, the number of successful use cases and the number of failed use cases, each execution has a record, the test time and the success rate can be recorded, and when the failed test cases are clicked, the system enters an error detail page, and a failure screenshot and error information can be displayed.
Referring to fig. 8, which is a schematic diagram of a database table, test cases are saved in the database through a JSON format. JSON is a simple data exchange format that enables data to be exchanged between servers.
JSON is the same as XML:
JSON is plain text; JSON has good self-descriptive performance and is convenient to read; JSON has a hierarchical structure; JSON can be analyzed through JavaScript; JSON data can be transmitted using AJAX.
JSON differs from XML:
no end tag; the reading and writing speed is higher; not applicable reserved words; the structure is simple, and the generation and the analysis are simple.
In practical applications, ajax is often used in conjunction with json to accomplish tasks much easier and faster than in conjunction with XML, and if XML is used, it is necessary to read the XML document, then use the XML DOM to traverse the document and read the values and store them in variables. By using JSON, only JSON character strings need to be read.
The invention has the advantages that: the newly added case maintenance function module realizes the visual operation of compiling the test case, is convenient for the test of testers, has no code requirement on the testers, can be used quickly even without technical foundation testers, improves the test efficiency of the testers, can use more time for designing the test case and develops the high-quality test case, so that the test case has higher coverage and more complete function coverage.
Claims (10)
1. An automated UI testing method, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
a, a case loading function module reads configuration and environment information and reads a test case to be executed, wherein the test case is generated by a case maintenance function module;
b, the case execution function module analyzes test data according to the test case;
step C, the case execution function module analyzes element operation according to the test steps of the test case;
step D, the use case execution functional module executes the element operation;
and E, writing the test result into a database by the report generation functional module and generating a test report.
2. The UI automation test method of claim 1,
the case maintenance function module comprises a project management function module, a page element management function module and a test case function module;
the project management function module comprises a permission management function;
the page management function module acquires a page to be tested;
the page element management function module acquires an element name, an affiliated project, an affiliated page, a positioning type and a positioning value;
the test case module acquires a case title, a belonged item, a priority and remark information.
3. The UI automation test method of claim 1,
in the step a, the use case maintenance function module obtains a test step, a mode of searching for a service element, a relative path of the element, an id, a name, a css, and an operation mode of an operation element.
4. The UI automation test method of claim 1,
and B, storing the test case generated in the step A in a database through a JSON format, and reading and analyzing JSON data from the database by a test case loading function module.
5. The UI automation test method of claim 4,
the test case loading function module analyzes the test case to obtain a case name, an operation step, an element name and a searching mode.
6. The UI automation test method of claim 1,
the test report comprises operation steps, wherein the operation steps comprise operation step names, operation elements, operation modes, element searching modes and operation step results;
when the operation element fails in the step B, the test report further includes a test operation failure abnormal value.
7. An automated UI testing system, comprising:
the case maintenance function module is used for generating and maintaining a test case;
the case loading function module is used for reading and analyzing the test case;
the case execution function module is used for operating the elements;
and the report generation functional module is used for generating a test report.
8. The UI automation test system of claim 7,
the case maintenance function module comprises a project management function module, a page element management module, a keyword library function module and a test case function module;
the project management function module comprises authority management functions, and the authority management functions comprise configuration, editing and deleting functions;
the page management function module comprises editing, deleting and searching functions, and each page manages a plurality of elements;
the keyword library function module comprises new creation, editing, deleting and searching functions.
9. The UI automation test system of claim 7,
and the use case loading functional module reads and analyzes JSON data from the database to obtain a use case name, an operation step, an element name and a searching mode.
10. The UI automation test system of claim 7,
the case execution function module provides functions of clicking, inputting, pulling down a frame and switching a window, each element is displayed and waited before operation, a display waiting setting strategy is to wait for 10 seconds totally, whether the element appears or not is searched every 0.5 seconds, and if the element is not found in 10 seconds, an exception is thrown out;
the case execution function module also comprises a test case failure rerun function, when the case fails for 3 times, the case is judged to fail, and the selenium executes failure screenshot operation and stores the failure screenshot operation in the database.
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