CN113447331A - Rock splitting device with controllable splitting surface and splitting method - Google Patents
Rock splitting device with controllable splitting surface and splitting method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock splitting device with a controllable splitting surface and a splitting method, wherein the device comprises a loading plate, one end of the loading plate is provided with an inwards concave arc part, the two loading plates with the same structure are symmetrically arranged, and the arc parts are opposite; the surface of the arc part is provided with an arc groove, and the loading steel wire is fixed in the arc groove and is tightly attached to the arc groove; the one end that two loading plates kept away from each other can dismantle fixed connection with the bearing plate that corresponds, and two bearing plates are parallel to each other, and the bearing plate is connected with compression testing machine. The invention has simple structure, and the rock sample always bears line load in the loading process, can simulate the real fracture condition of the rock, ensures the splitting effect and can realize splitting at different angles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock sample preparation, and relates to a rock splitting device with a controllable splitting surface and a splitting method.
Background
In recent years, research on fundamental theoretical problems such as occurrence, mechanism and control of large underground rock mass engineering disasters in resource exploitation and underground space development and utilization has been receiving wide attention again. Under the normal condition, along with the excavation disturbance of the underground rock engineering, the natural rock body in the original ground stress-underground water balance state is easily damaged, and further, a large number of microcracks in the rock body are induced to crack, expand and run through. The secondary cracks and natural fractures in the rock body are easy to shear and slip under the further action of mining stress, and the balance of the mechanical property and the seepage field of the rock body is seriously influenced, which is also one of the main reasons for causing large-scale instability of rock engineering and geological disasters of the engineering. Therefore, the rock mass fracture is an important internal cause of underground rock mass engineering disasters, and researches show that the surface characteristics of the rock mass fracture can obviously influence the mechanics and seepage characteristics of the rock mass fracture.
Based on the above, many scholars study the instability and slippage mechanism of the fractured rock mass under the action of hydraulic coupling by performing indoor tests on the rock samples with the prefabricated fractures. The method for prefabricating the rock sample fracture is simple at present and widely applied, and a rock sample containing a rough fracture surface is prepared by utilizing Brazilian fracture, but because the fracture surface of the rock sample only has two directions of horizontal and vertical, the fracture angle of the rock sample is only 0 degree and 90 degrees, so that the designed working conditions of the test are few, the real fracture condition of the rock is difficult to simulate, and the influence mechanism of the fracture angle on the rock permeation and the slippage instability cannot be disclosed as fully as possible.
In the method for fixing the sample in the prior art 1 (publication number CN109781485A), arc-shaped supporting bodies are symmetrically arranged below the sample, so that the lower part of the sample bears a surface load, which affects the splitting effect of the sample, and the sample bears a linear load, which is improved by an elastic lower supporting elastic body, and the effect of the method is difficult to guarantee. In addition, the loading blade and the pressure-bearing blade of the prior art 1 are designed to be linear, and only one contact angle with a sample is provided; the structural style of going up the arc supporter is the arc of uniform cross-section, can only support the sample of a splitting angle to different splitting angles can not be realized.
In the method for fixing the sample in the prior art 2 (publication number CN108562466A), a cylindrical sample is placed in a semicircular groove, the semicircular groove is placed on a disc with scales, and the angle change of the sample is realized by rotating the disc; the cutting edge of the splitting pressure head positioned above the sample is a straight cutting edge processed by chamfering. When the splitting angle is not 0, the cutting edge is in point contact with the sample, the sample is in surface contact with the semicircular groove all the time, and the upper part of the sample bears point load and the lower part bears surface load in the splitting process, so that the stress condition of the sample is complex, and the effect after splitting is difficult to ensure; in addition, the cutting edge is always in the same point contact position with the sample points placed at different angles, namely, the same point is fractured, so that the described multi-angle fracturing is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a rock splitting device with a controllable splitting surface, which is simple in structure, can simulate the real fracture condition of a rock by bearing a line load all the time in the loading process of a rock sample, can ensure the splitting effect while realizing splitting at different angles, and solves the problems in the prior art.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a rock cleaving method with controlled cleave planes.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the rock splitting device with the controllable splitting surface comprises a loading plate, wherein one end of the loading plate is provided with an inwards concave arc-shaped part, the two loading plates with the same structure are symmetrically arranged, and the arc-shaped parts are opposite; the surface of the arc part is provided with an arc groove, and the loading steel wire is fixed in the arc groove and is tightly attached to the arc groove; the one end that two loading plates kept away from each other can dismantle fixed connection with the bearing plate that corresponds, and two bearing plates are parallel to each other, and the bearing plate is connected with compression testing machine.
Furthermore, the end of the loading plate, which is far away from each other, is provided with a cylindrical protrusion, the side wall surface of the cylindrical protrusion is uniformly provided with a plurality of first positioning holes, the bearing plate is sleeved outside the corresponding cylindrical protrusion through a connecting sleeve, the side wall surface of the connecting sleeve is uniformly provided with a plurality of second positioning holes, the second positioning holes are in one-to-one correspondence with the first positioning holes, and the clamping drill bit penetrates into the corresponding second positioning holes and the corresponding first positioning holes to be fixedly connected with the bearing plate and the loading plate.
Furthermore, the two ends of the bearing plate are connected with the upright column in a sliding manner, and move along the axial direction of the upright column, and the upright column is perpendicular to the bearing plate.
Further, the both ends of arc wall all are equipped with solid fixed ring, and solid fixed ring is passed at the both ends of loading steel wire, and fastening screw and the terminal surface of arc portion are perpendicular and run through solid fixed ring back and arc portion threaded connection for be fixed in the arc wall with the loading steel wire.
Further, the loading steel wire is in a linear or wave shape.
Furthermore, the diameter of the loading steel wire is 1/15-1/10 of the width of the loading plate.
Furthermore, the limiting screw penetrates through the upright column and penetrates into the gap between the two loading plates so as to limit the displacement of the rock sample before loading from the two horizontal sides.
A rock splitting method of a controllable splitting surface adopts the rock splitting device of the controllable splitting surface, and the rock splitting method is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
s1: preparing a cylindrical rock sample, drawing splitting positioning lines on the top surface and the side surface of the rock sample, and selecting a corresponding loading plate according to a required splitting angle;
s2: inserting the clamping drill bit into the corresponding second positioning hole and the first positioning hole according to the determined splitting angle, and fixing the loading plate;
s3: the loading steel wire is fixed and tightly attached to the arc-shaped groove;
s4: installing the lower bearing plate and the lower loading plate on a pressure testing machine, placing a rock sample on the loading plate, then installing the upper loading plate and the upper bearing plate, finally screwing the limiting screw in the direction close to the rock sample until the limiting screw is contacted with the rock sample so as to limit the displacement of the rock sample before loading;
s5: starting the pressure testing machine, loading according to displacement, screwing the limiting screw in the direction away from the rock sample after the displacement is loaded for a certain distance, and removing the fixing of the limiting screw on the rock sample;
s5: and continuously loading the compression testing machine until the rock sample is split, closing the compression testing machine immediately, and stopping loading.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method can ensure the splitting effect while realizing splitting at different angles, enriches the actual working conditions simulated by an indoor test scheme, avoids the condition that the fracture angle is only 0 degree or 90 degrees, and makes an important contribution to deeper and more accurate research on the influence of the fracture angle on rock permeation and slippage instability.
(2) The rock sample is annularly wrapped through a specific combined structure of a loading steel wire and a loading plate, and the displacement of the rock sample is limited through a limiting screw during loading, so that the rock sample is ensured to always bear the linear load effect in the splitting process, and the rock sample is prevented from influencing the splitting effect due to point load and surface load; meanwhile, the problem of unbalanced stress when the crack angle is not 0 degrees or 90 degrees is solved.
(3) The fracturing device is simple in structure, can finish the fracturing process on a common pressure testing machine, is simple and convenient to operate, has strong practicability, and provides a test foundation for researching the mechanics and seepage characteristics of fractured rock masses; the experimental foundation is provided for further revealing the seepage characteristics of the fractured rock in the natural state, and engineering disasters caused by the seepage problem of the fractured rock in the actual engineering are explained from the mechanism.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a loading plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a connection sleeve in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a load plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a loading wire according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the arc length of a loading plate at an included angle of 0 and the geometry of a rock sample according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the arc length of a loading plate at angle θ versus the geometry of a rock sample according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a bearing plate, 2, a rock sample, 3, a loading plate, 31, a fixing ring, 4, a clamping drill bit, 5, a cylindrical protrusion, 51, a first positioning hole, 6, a connecting sleeve, 61, a second positioning hole, 7, a limiting screw, 8, a stand column, 9, an arc part, 10, an arc groove, 11, a fastening screw and 12 are loaded with steel wires.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The rock splitting device with the controllable splitting surface, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, comprises a pressure bearing plate 1, a loading plate 3, a clamping drill bit 4, a limiting screw 7, an upright post 8 and a loading steel wire 12, as shown in figure 1.
One end of the loading plate 3 is provided with an inwards concave arc-shaped part 9, the other end of the loading plate 3 is provided with a cylindrical protrusion 5, the side wall surface of the cylindrical protrusion 5 is uniformly provided with a plurality of first positioning holes 51 along the circumferential direction, the two loading plates 3 with the same structure are symmetrically arranged, and the arc-shaped parts 9 are opposite; the bearing plate 1 is installed to the one end that the loading plate 3 kept away from each other, bearing plate 1 cup joints in the protruding 5 outsides of cylindricality through connecting sleeve 6, connecting sleeve 6 is a part of bearing plate 1, connecting sleeve 6 and bearing plate 1 integrated into one piece, the lateral wall face of connecting sleeve 6 evenly is equipped with a plurality of second locating holes 61 along circumference, second locating hole 61 and first locating hole 51 one-to-one, screens drill bit 4 penetrates corresponding second locating hole 61, first locating hole 51, be used for fixed connection bearing plate 1 and loading plate 3, thereby the angle of control splitting face. The first positioning hole 51 is circular and is respectively positioned at 0 degree, 30 degree, 45 degree, 60 degree and 90 degree, the radius is 10mm, and the radius of the clamping drill bit 4 is 10 mm.
Two bearing plates 1 are parallel to each other, and bearing plate 1's both ends and stand 8 sliding connection, stand 8 and bearing plate 1 are perpendicular, and 8 axial displacement along the stand can be followed to bearing plate 1, and stand 8 plays the guide effect, and bearing plate 1 is connected with compression testing machine.
The surface of arc portion 9 is equipped with arc wall 10, and loading steel wire 12 is fixed in arc wall 10, and the both ends of arc wall 10 are equipped with solid fixed ring 31, and solid fixed ring 31 is passed at the both ends of loading steel wire 12, and fastening screw 11 is perpendicular and runs through solid fixed ring 31 and 9 threaded connection of arc portion with the terminal surface of arc portion 9 for in being fixed in arc wall 10 with loading steel wire 12, and loading steel wire 12 closely laminates with arc wall 10, and fastening screw 11 diameter is 5 mm.
The diameter of the loading steel wire 12 is 1/15-1/10 of the width of the loading plate 3 (namely, the ratio of the diameter of the loading steel wire 12 to the width of the loading plate 3 is 1/15-1/10), so that the loading plate 3 has a good fixing effect and the influence of the loading plate 3 on the splitting process is reduced. If the ratio of the diameter of the loading wire 12 to the width of the loading plate 3 is too large, the fixing action of the loading plate 3 is difficult to secure, and if the ratio of the diameter of the loading wire 12 to the width of the loading plate 3 is too small, the loading plate 3 has a large influence on the cleaving process. In some embodiments, the diameter of the load wire 12 is 1mm to 3mm, and the width of the load plate 3 is 10mm to 30 mm.
The limiting screws 7 penetrate through the upright posts 8 and go deep into a gap between the two loading plates 3, the diameter of each limiting screw 7 is 10mm, and the rock sample 2 is clamped from two horizontal sides and used for fixing and limiting the displacement of the rock sample 2 before loading, so that the loading precision is improved.
The embodiment of the invention provides a rock splitting method capable of controlling a splitting surface, which is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
s1: the splitting scheme of the rock sample 2 is formulated, a cylindrical rock sample 2 is prepared, splitting positioning lines are drawn on the top surface and the side surface of the rock sample 2, and a corresponding loading plate 3 is selected according to the splitting angle in the splitting scheme;
s2: inserting the clamping drill bit 4 into the corresponding second positioning hole 61 and the corresponding first positioning hole 51 according to the determined splitting angle, fixing the loading plate 3 on the connecting pressure bearing plate 1, inserting the clamping drill bit 4 into the first positioning hole 51 with the angle of 0 degree (namely the loading steel wire 12 is vertical to the axis of the cylindrical rock sample 2), and enabling the splitting angle theta to be 0 degree; the clamping drill bit 4 is inserted into the first positioning holes 51 with the angles of 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees, the loading plate 3 rotates around the connecting sleeve 6, the rock sample 2 is always kept horizontal and cannot be influenced by the rotation of the loading plate 3, and the splitting angles theta are respectively 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees.
S3: the loading steel wire 12 is placed on the fixing ring 31 of the loading plate 3, then the fastening screw 11 on the fixing ring 31 at one end is firstly screwed, and then the fastening screw 11 on the fixing ring 31 at the other end is screwed to fix the loading steel wire 12 and tightly fit with the arc-shaped groove 10, so that the loading steel wire 12 is directly contacted with the rock sample 2 in the test process, and the rock sample 2 is ensured to always bear the linear load transmitted by the loading steel wire 12 in the loading process;
s4: sequentially installing a lower bearing plate 1 and a lower loading plate 3 on a compression testing machine from bottom to top, placing a rock sample 2 on the loading plate 3, then installing the upper loading plate 3 and the upper bearing plate 1, finally screwing a limiting screw 7 in the direction close to the rock sample 2 until the limiting screw 7 is contacted with the rock sample 2, and screwing to limit the displacement of the rock sample 2 before loading;
s5: starting a pressure testing machine, loading according to displacement, screwing the limiting screw 7 in the direction away from the rock sample 2 when the displacement is loaded to 5mm, and moving out of the loading plate 3;
s6: the compression testing machine is continuously loaded until the rock sample 2 is split, then the compression testing machine is closed, and the loading is stopped.
The preparation idea commonly used for splitting the existing rock sample is realized by Brazilian splitting, and the angle of the crack is mostly 0 degree or 90 degrees. The fracture simulation method is only carried out along the horizontal or vertical direction of a sample, and the fracture at other angles cannot be realized, so that the simulated actual fracture condition of the rock is less, and the seepage characteristic of the natural fracture of the rock cannot be more truly researched. In the process of adjusting different cleavage angles, the embodiment of the invention ensures that the arc-shaped part 9 of the loading plate 3 is always in close contact with the cylindrical surface of the rock sample 2.
In some embodiments, the loading plate 3 with corresponding radian and arc length is manufactured according to the surface shape of the rock sample 2 so as to correspond to different splitting angles; the surface shapes of samples with different splitting angles and different diameters are different, so that corresponding loading plates 3 need to be manufactured; the method is suitable for rock samples 2 with different lengths and diameters.
In some embodiments, the load plate 3 does not need to be made of a specific material, and may be made of a common steel plate or iron plate, and the load plate 3 needs to have sufficient rigidity. The following calculation result of the arc length formula is taken as reference, so that the loading plate 3 corresponding to the arc length can be conveniently manufactured, and the arc part 9 can be ensured to be tightly contacted with the rock sample. The width of the load plate 3 was 20mm and the height of the arc was 4/5 (i.e. R4/5) of the radius of the rock specimen 2, FIG. 6, the arc length
Wherein,
when the included angle between the 2-degree arc-shaped loading plate 3 and the rock sample 2 is theta (namely the splitting angle is theta), the arc length (DF) of the loading plate 3 is calculated, as shown in figure 7,
wherein
0≤θ<And 90, R is the radius of the rock sample, and pi is the circumferential ratio. When θ is 90 °, the arc length of load plate 3 is the height H of rock specimen 2.
In the embodiment of the invention, the loading steel wire 12 is always wrapped around the rock sample 2, and when the sample is placed, the sample is fixed by the left and right limiting screws 7 and the loading steel wire 12 and the loading plate 3 below the loading steel wire; after loading, when the rock sample 2 bears upper and lower pressure, the left and right limiting screws 7 are withdrawn, line load is applied through the upper and lower loading steel wires 12, the upper and lower loading plates 3 assist in fixing the sample, and the rock sample 2 is guaranteed to bear the line load all the time in the loading process, so that the splitting effect can be well guaranteed. Particularly, when the splitting angle theta is not 0, the special combined structure of the loading steel wire 12 and the loading plate 3 overcomes the problem of unbalanced stress, so that the upper part and the lower part of the test sample symmetrically bear linear loads in the splitting process, splitting at different angles is realized, and the splitting effect can be ensured.
In the embodiment of the invention, the shape of the loading steel wire 12 is linear or wavy, the preparation of the multi-roughness fracture sample is realized through the different shapes of the loading steel wire 12, the condition that the roughness of the rock fracture surface is too single is avoided, and the classification research on the roughness of the fracture surface is facilitated.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rock splitting device with a controllable splitting surface is characterized by comprising a loading plate (3), wherein one end of the loading plate (3) is provided with an inwards concave arc-shaped part (9), the two loading plates (3) with the same structure are symmetrically arranged, and the arc-shaped parts (9) are opposite; the surface of the arc-shaped part (9) is provided with an arc-shaped groove (10), and the loading steel wire (12) is fixed in the arc-shaped groove (10) and is tightly attached to the arc-shaped groove (10); the one end that two loading plate (3) kept away from each other can dismantle fixed connection with corresponding bearing plate (1), and two bearing plate (1) are parallel to each other, and bearing plate (1) are connected with compression testing machine.
2. The rock splitting device with the controllable splitting face as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the loading plate (3) away from each other is provided with a cylindrical protrusion (5), the side wall surface of the cylindrical protrusion (5) is uniformly provided with a plurality of first positioning holes (51), the pressure bearing plate (1) is sleeved outside the corresponding cylindrical protrusion (5) through a connecting sleeve (6), the side wall surface of the connecting sleeve (6) is uniformly provided with a plurality of second positioning holes (61), the second positioning holes (61) correspond to the first positioning holes (51) one by one, and the clamping drill bit (4) penetrates through the corresponding second positioning holes (61) and the corresponding first positioning holes (51) and is used for fixedly connecting the pressure bearing plate (1) and the loading plate (3).
3. The rock cleaving device of claim 1, wherein the bearing plate (1) is slidably connected at both ends to the posts (8) to move axially of the posts (8), and the posts (8) are perpendicular to the bearing plate (1).
4. The rock cleaving device of claim 1, wherein the two ends of the arc-shaped groove (10) are provided with fixing rings (31), the two ends of the loading steel wire (12) penetrate through the fixing rings (31), and the fastening screw (11) is perpendicular to the end face of the arc-shaped part (9), penetrates through the fixing rings (31), is in threaded connection with the arc-shaped part (9), and is used for fixing the loading steel wire (12) in the arc-shaped groove (10).
5. A rock cleaving device with controlled cleave planes according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the loading wire (12) is straight or wave shaped.
6. A rock cleaving device with controlled cleave planes according to claim 1, characterised in that the diameter of the loading wire (12) is 1/15-1/10 of the width of the loading plate (3).
7. A rock cleaving device with controlled cleave planes according to claim 6, characterised in that the diameter of the loading wire (12) is 1mm to 3 mm.
8. The rock cleaving device of claim 7, wherein the arcuate slot (10) has a depth of 0.5mm to 1mm and a width of 0.5mm to 1.5 mm.
9. A rock cleaving device with controlled cleavage plane according to claim 1, characterized in that the limit screw (7) extends through the column (8) and into the gap between the two loading plates (3) to limit displacement of the rock sample (2) from both sides horizontally before loading.
10. A method of rock cleaving with controlled cleavage planes, characterized in that a rock cleaving device with controlled cleavage planes according to any of claims 1-9 is used, in particular according to the following steps:
s1: preparing a cylindrical rock sample (2), drawing splitting positioning lines on the top surface and the side surface of the rock sample (2), and selecting a corresponding loading plate (3) according to a required splitting angle;
s2: inserting the clamping drill bit (4) into the corresponding second positioning hole (61) and the corresponding first positioning hole (51) according to the determined splitting angle, and fixing the loading plate (3);
s3: the loading steel wire (12) is fixed and is tightly attached to the arc-shaped groove (10);
s4: installing a lower bearing plate (1) and a lower loading plate (3) on a pressure testing machine, placing a rock sample (2) on the loading plate (3), then installing the upper loading plate (3) and the upper bearing plate (1), and finally screwing a limiting screw (7) in a direction close to the rock sample (2) until the limiting screw (7) is contacted with the rock sample (2) so as to limit the displacement of the rock sample (2) before loading;
s5: starting the pressure testing machine, loading according to displacement, screwing the limiting screw (7) in the direction away from the rock sample (2) after the displacement loading is carried out for a certain distance, and releasing the fixing of the limiting screw (7) on the rock sample (2);
s5: and continuously loading the compression testing machine until the rock sample (2) is split, closing the compression testing machine immediately, and stopping loading.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114279830A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-04-05 | 中铁二十局集团第四工程有限公司 | Rock anisotropic tensile strength testing device and using method thereof |
| CN117804859A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-04-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Oblique splitting crack device for injection induced dry-hot rock fault activation |
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