CN113445978B - Method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of shale gas reservoir through heat treatment - Google Patents
Method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of shale gas reservoir through heat treatment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas field development, and discloses a method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir by heat treatment, which comprises the steps of obtaining hydraulic fracturing information, well closing information and reservoir rock, and analyzing the hydration state of the reservoir rock according to field information; according to the hydration state, making a sample with the same hydration degree as the fractured reservoir rock from the reservoir rock; heating the hydration sample, and setting the highest temperature when the rock is thermally crushed or obviously and severely damaged as the highest heat treatment temperature; heating the hydrated sample and keeping the temperature for different durations; measuring the permeability of each sample, selecting the corresponding threshold constant-temperature duration when the permeability is suddenly changed, and setting the heat treatment constant-temperature duration to be slightly higher than the threshold duration; heating equipment which can meet the conditions is selected for heating according to the setting of the heating temperature and the constant temperature duration of the heat treatment; and finishing reservoir heat treatment according to the setting. The method can optimize the hydraulic fracturing effect so as to enhance the subsequent shale gas exploitation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas field development, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir by heat treatment.
Background
Shale gas is an emerging energy source for changing the world energy pattern, reservoir rock of the reservoir shale gas is usually denser, reservoir reconstruction is needed before exploitation, and among a plurality of reservoir reconstruction methods, hydraulic fracturing is relatively environment-friendly, cheap and effective, and is the reservoir reconstruction method with the highest utilization rate at present. The hydraulic fracturing effect directly determines the shale gas exploitation efficiency, so that the improvement and optimization of hydraulic fracturing are very important for the shale gas industry.
The hydraulic fracturing can also cause certain damage to a reservoir stratum while enhancing the flow conductivity of the reservoir stratum, the main component of the fracturing fluid used in the hydraulic fracturing is water, the flowback rate after fracturing is low, most of the fracturing fluid is retained in the reservoir stratum, the clay content of the shale gas reservoir stratum is high, the shale gas reservoir stratum has the property of swelling when meeting water, and the fracturing fluid and the reservoir stratum rock are hydrated to force the reservoir stratum rock to swell. On one hand, the expansion force can force the cracks in the reservoir to continue to develop, the flow conductivity of the reservoir is further enhanced, and engineers create a 'blank well' method by utilizing the phenomenon to enhance the hydraulic fracturing effect. On the other hand, the original cracks are squeezed by hydration expansion of reservoir rock, the strength of the reservoir rock is reduced by hydration, the propping agent is embedded into the rock crack wall, the opening of a reservoir diversion channel is reduced, and when the channel is squeezed to a certain degree, a water lock site occurs, and secondary damage is caused to the reservoir.
The phenomenon of hydration of the rocks after the hydraulic fracturing of the shale gas reservoir coexists with the advantages and disadvantages of actual engineering, so that the method is favorably utilized in the engineering, but the disadvantages of the method are less in response. Therefore, a method which can retain the beneficial effects of reservoir rock hydration after the hydraulic fracturing of the shale gas reservoir and remove the harmful effects of the reservoir rock hydration is urgently needed. The invention mainly solves the problems, eliminates the hydration influence of the shale gas reservoir by a heat treatment method, and optimizes and enhances the hydration fracturing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir by heat treatment, which can optimize the hydraulic fracturing effect to maximize the effect so as to enhance the subsequent shale gas exploitation efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir by heat treatment comprises the following steps,
step 1, acquiring hydraulic fracturing information, well closing information and reservoir rock, and analyzing the hydration state of the reservoir rock according to field information;
and 6, finishing reservoir heat treatment according to the setting of the step 5, and taking out the heating equipment to carry out formal production.
Preferably, in step 1, the hydraulic fracturing information includes the type of fracturing fluid for hydraulic fracturing and the hydration time, and the reservoir rock selects to core the rock during drilling.
Preferably, in the step 2, the rock obtained in the step 1 is made into a cylindrical rock sample with the height of 50mm and the diameter of 25mm, and the sample is subjected to hydration treatment by using fracturing fluid, wherein the hydration treatment is the same as the reservoir hydration time after fracturing in engineering;
and if the reservoir hydration time after fracturing is too long, hydrating the sample for different time lengths, analyzing the relationship between the hydration time and the mass change of the sample before and after hydration, and when the mass does not change along with the change of the hydration time, considering the hydration saturation, and hydrating the sample by taking the corresponding hydration time when the hydration saturation.
Preferably, in step 3, when the hydrated shale is heated, in order to ensure that the heating tool is not damaged during heating, the reservoir cannot be crushed or collapsed during heat treatment, that is, when the heat treatment temperature is set, a heating furnace capable of displaying the temperature is used for heating, the hydrated sample is heated until thermal crushing occurs, the crushing temperature is recorded, and the heat treatment temperature of the reservoir is set to be slightly less than the thermal crushing temperature, so as to ensure that the hydrated shale is still kept intact when heated to the highest temperature.
Preferably, in step 4, a heating furnace with controllable temperature is selected to heat the hydrated shale to the set temperature in step 3, constant-temperature heating is kept when the set temperature is reached, different constant-temperature time is set, a permeability experiment is performed on the sample after the heat treatment is finished, the relation between the permeability and the constant-temperature duration is sought, when the permeability is suddenly changed, the corresponding constant-temperature duration when the permeability is suddenly changed is the threshold, and the reservoir heat treatment duration is set to be slightly longer than the threshold constant-temperature duration.
Preferably, in step 5, the reservoir heating equipment meeting the conditions is selected and used according to the heat treatment temperature set in step 3 and the heat treatment time length set in step 4, and the sample is subjected to heat treatment optimization.
Preferably, in step 6, according to the setting in step 5, the hydrated shale gas reservoir subjected to the hydration fracturing in the actual engineering is subjected to heat treatment, and after the heat treatment is completed, the heating equipment is taken out, so that the shale gas can be formally exploited.
Preferably, the reservoir heating device is an electric heating device or a microwave radiation heating device.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the heat treatment of the shale gas reservoir after the hydraulic fracturing can not only retain the advantages brought by the expansion and dilatation effect and remove the damage of the hydration effect to the reservoir, but also carry out secondary transformation on the reservoir through the phenomena of thermal cracking, kerogen decomposition and the like, and the multiple expansion mechanisms act together to increase the reservoir cracks, optimize and improve the hydraulic fracturing, so that the effect is maximized, and the subsequent shale gas exploitation efficiency is enhanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir by heat treatment according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the mass change and the hydration time in the method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir by heat treatment.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between permeability and constant temperature duration in the method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir by heat treatment according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir by heat treatment according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present technical solution more clear, the present technical solution is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir by heat treatment, comprising the following steps,
step 1, acquiring hydraulic fracturing information, well closing information and reservoir rock, and analyzing the hydration state of the reservoir rock according to field information; step 2, preparing a sample with the same hydration degree as the fractured reservoir rock from the reservoir rock according to the hydration state; step 3, heating the hydration sample, and setting the highest temperature when the rock is thermally broken or obviously and seriously damaged as the highest temperature of thermal treatment; step 4, heating the hydration sample to the highest temperature set in the step 3, and keeping the temperature for different time periods; measuring the permeability of each sample, selecting the corresponding threshold constant-temperature duration when the permeability is suddenly changed, and setting the heat treatment constant-temperature duration to be slightly higher than the threshold duration; step 5, selecting heating equipment capable of meeting the conditions according to the setting of the heating temperature and the constant temperature duration of the heat treatment for heating; and 6, finishing reservoir heat treatment according to the setting of the step 5, and taking out the heating equipment to carry out formal production.
The above method is described in detail below.
In step 1, the hydraulic fracturing information comprises the type of fracturing fluid for hydraulic fracturing and hydration time, and rock is cored during selective drilling of reservoir rock.
In step 2, the rock obtained in step 1 is made into a cylindrical rock sample with the height of 50mm and the diameter of 25mm, and the sample is subjected to hydration treatment by using fracturing fluid, wherein the hydration treatment has the same hydration time as a reservoir stratum subjected to fracturing in engineering; and if the reservoir hydration time after fracturing is too long, hydrating the sample for different time lengths, analyzing the relationship between the hydration time and the mass change of the sample before and after hydration, and when the mass does not change along with the change of the hydration time, considering the hydration saturation, and hydrating the sample by taking the corresponding hydration time when the hydration saturation.
In step 3, when the hydrated shale is heated, in order to ensure that the heating tool is not damaged during heating, the reservoir cannot be broken or collapsed during heat treatment, that is, when the heat treatment temperature is set, a heating furnace capable of displaying the temperature is used for heating, the hydrated sample is heated until thermal breaking occurs, the breaking temperature is recorded, and the heat treatment temperature of the reservoir is set to be slightly less than the thermal breaking temperature, so that the hydrated shale is ensured to be still kept complete when heated to the highest temperature.
In the step 4, a heating furnace with controllable temperature is selected to heat the hydrated shale, the hydrated shale is heated to the set temperature in the step 3, constant-temperature heating is kept when the set temperature is reached, different constant-temperature time is set, a permeability experiment is carried out on the sample after the heat treatment is finished, the relation between the permeability and the constant-temperature time length is sought, when the permeability is suddenly changed, the corresponding constant-temperature time length when the permeability is suddenly changed is the threshold value, and the set reservoir heat treatment time length is slightly higher than the threshold constant-temperature time length.
In step 5, reservoir heating equipment meeting the conditions is selected and used according to the heat treatment temperature set in step 3 and the heat treatment time length set in step 4, and the sample is subjected to heat treatment optimization. Reservoir heating equipment such as electrical heating equipment, microwave radiation heating equipment and the like.
In step 6, according to the setting in step 5, carrying out heat treatment on the hydrated shale gas reservoir subjected to hydration fracturing in the actual engineering, and taking out the heating equipment after the heat treatment is finished, so that the shale gas can be formally exploited.
Example 1
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
obtaining the shale rock, wherein the rock is from Longmaxi group in Sichuan. Hydraulic fracturing generally uses a fracturing fluid with a water and quartz content of 99.5%, and therefore water is used in place of the fracturing fluid. Cutting the shale into cylindrical samples with the height of 50mm and the diameter of 25mm, immersing the samples into water for hydration, hydrating for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours respectively, and measuring the mass change of the samples before and after the hydration respectively, specifically referring to fig. 1, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the rock is nearly saturated when hydrated for 3h-5h, so that the hydrated samples with the hydration time of 5h are selected as the samples in the subsequent steps. The permeability of the sample hydrated for 5h is measured to be 0.01361X 10-3μm2。
Heating the shale hydrated for 5 hours, wherein when the shale is heated to 360 ℃, the rock is thermally crushed, and in order to ensure the safety of the underground heating tool, the thermal treatment temperature is set to 300 ℃. The samples hydrated for 5h were heated to 300 ℃ and thermostated for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes, and permeability measurements were carried out after the heat treatment, the results being shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, the permeability is abruptly changed when the constant temperature time is 25min to 30min, and thus, the reservoir heat treatment time may be set to 40 min.
Through the steps, the permeability of the hydrated mud shale is only 0.01361 multiplied by 10-3μm2The permeability of the hydrated mud shale reaches 2.21150 multiplied by 10 after the hydrated mud shale is heated to 300 ℃ and is kept at the constant temperature for 30min-3μm2The permeability is improved by 162.4 times, and the flow is guidedThe capacity is greatly improved, and the effect is excellent.
The fracturing fluid retained in the shale gas reservoir by hydraulic fracturing can hydrate reservoir rock, damage can be caused to the reservoir while the reservoir is hydrated, expanded and expanded, and the fracturing effect is weakened. Aiming at the phenomenon, the invention provides a method for eliminating the damage of the hydration action on the reservoir stratum and optimizing the hydration fracturing. After the method is applied to hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir, if a project needs well closing, heat treatment is carried out after hydration expansion and dilatation are finished after the well closing, and the heat treatment of hydrated mud shale mainly changes as follows:
1, after the heat treatment of the hydrated shale, the water is dissipated, the hydration expansion effect is removed, the opening degree of the extruded crack is increased, and the hydrated state is recovered.
2, when the hydrated shale is subjected to heat treatment, the water in the hydrated shale expands under the heat, cracks in the rock are expanded, and the cracks continue to develop to enhance the flow conductivity of the rock.
3 when the temperature of the rock reaches a certain degree, thermal cracking occurs in the rock, and new cracks are further generated.
4 the reservoir shale contains abundant kerogen, and the kerogen is decomposed under the action of high temperature, thereby increasing the pore volume.
As shown in fig. 4, after drilling, the reservoir rock is dense, and needs to be transformed by hydraulic fracturing, after the hydraulic fracturing, the reservoir rock is fractured, and the fracture fluid is low in flowback rate and remains in the reservoir. After the reservoir rock is hydrated, the fractures continue to develop and new fractures are created, but the opening of the fractures is reduced. After the heat treatment, the cracks continue to develop, the opening of the original cracks is increased, and new cracks are generated again.
In conclusion, the heat treatment of the shale gas reservoir after the hydraulic fracturing can not only retain the benefits brought by the expansion and dilatation effect and remove the damage of the hydration effect to the reservoir, but also carry out secondary transformation on the reservoir through the phenomena of thermal cracking, kerogen decomposition and the like, and the combined action of multiple expansion mechanisms increases the reservoir cracks, optimizes and improves the hydraulic fracturing, so that the effect is maximized, and the subsequent shale gas exploitation efficiency is enhanced.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and many variations in the specific embodiments and applications of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which falls within the scope of the claims of this patent.
Claims (8)
1. A method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir by heat treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step 1, acquiring hydraulic fracturing information, well closing information and reservoir rock, and analyzing the hydration state of the reservoir rock according to field information;
step 2, preparing a sample with the same hydration degree as the fractured reservoir rock from the reservoir rock according to the hydration state;
step 3, heating the hydration sample, and setting the highest temperature when the rock is thermally broken or obviously and seriously damaged as the highest temperature of thermal treatment;
step 4, heating the hydration sample to the highest temperature set in the step 3, and keeping the temperature for different time periods; measuring the permeability of each sample, selecting the corresponding threshold constant-temperature duration when the permeability is suddenly changed, and setting the heat treatment constant-temperature duration to be slightly higher than the threshold duration;
step 5, selecting heating equipment capable of meeting the conditions according to the setting of the heating temperature and the constant temperature duration of the heat treatment for heating;
and 6, finishing reservoir heat treatment according to the setting of the step 5, and taking out the heating equipment to carry out formal production.
2. The method for thermal treatment of optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir of claim 1, wherein: in step 1, the hydraulic fracturing information comprises the type of the hydraulic fracturing fluid and the hydration time, and the reservoir rock is selected to core the rock during the drilling process.
3. The method for thermal treatment optimized hydraulic fracturing of shale gas reservoirs of claim 2, wherein: in step 2, the rock obtained in step 1 is made into a cylindrical rock sample with the height of 50mm and the diameter of 25mm, and the sample is subjected to hydration treatment by using fracturing fluid, wherein the hydration treatment has the same hydration time as a reservoir stratum subjected to fracturing in engineering;
and if the reservoir hydration time after fracturing is too long, hydrating the sample for different time lengths, analyzing the relationship between the hydration time and the mass change of the sample before and after hydration, and when the mass does not change along with the change of the hydration time, considering the hydration saturation, and hydrating the sample by taking the corresponding hydration time when the hydration saturation.
4. The method for thermal treatment of optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir of claim 3, wherein: in step 3, when the hydrated shale is heated, in order to ensure that the heating tool is not damaged during heating, the reservoir cannot be broken or collapsed during heat treatment, that is, when the heat treatment temperature is set, a heating furnace capable of displaying the temperature is used for heating, the hydrated sample is heated until thermal breaking occurs, the breaking temperature is recorded, and the heat treatment temperature of the reservoir is set to be slightly less than the thermal breaking temperature, so that the hydrated shale is ensured to be still kept complete when heated to the highest temperature.
5. The method for thermal treatment optimized hydraulic fracturing of shale gas reservoirs of claim 4, wherein: in the step 4, a heating furnace with controllable temperature is selected to heat the hydrated shale, the hydrated shale is heated to the set temperature in the step 3, constant-temperature heating is kept when the set temperature is reached, different constant-temperature time is set, a permeability experiment is carried out on the sample after the heat treatment is finished, the relation between the permeability and the constant-temperature time length is sought, when the permeability is suddenly changed, the corresponding constant-temperature time length when the permeability is suddenly changed is the threshold value, and the set reservoir heat treatment time length is slightly higher than the threshold constant-temperature time length.
6. The method for thermal treatment of optimizing hydraulic fracturing of a shale gas reservoir of claim 5, wherein: in step 5, the reservoir heating equipment meeting the conditions is selected and used according to the heat treatment temperature set in step 3 and the heat treatment time length set in step 4, and the sample is subjected to heat treatment optimization.
7. The method for thermal treatment optimized hydraulic fracturing of shale gas reservoirs of claim 6, wherein: in step 6, according to the setting in step 5, the hydrated shale gas reservoir after the hydration fracturing in the actual engineering is subjected to heat treatment, and after the heat treatment is finished, the heating equipment is taken out, so that the shale gas can be formally exploited.
8. The method for thermal treatment optimized hydraulic fracturing of shale gas reservoirs of claim 6, wherein: the reservoir heating equipment is electric heating equipment or microwave radiation heating equipment.
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Application publication date: 20210928 Assignee: Liaoning Hengyi special material Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Liaoming Petrochemical University Contract record no.: X2023210000276 Denomination of invention: A method for optimizing hydraulic fracturing of shale gas reservoirs through heat treatment Granted publication date: 20220701 License type: Common License Record date: 20231130 |
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