CN113444930A - Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113444930A
CN113444930A CN202110654929.6A CN202110654929A CN113444930A CN 113444930 A CN113444930 A CN 113444930A CN 202110654929 A CN202110654929 A CN 202110654929A CN 113444930 A CN113444930 A CN 113444930A
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corrosion resistance
aluminum alloy
alloy
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任少华
马德良
张大伟
张积龙
隋来智
范坤
任阁
王仁强
张骞
马旭
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Shandong Nanshan Aluminium Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent

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Abstract

The invention provides an Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof, and mainly relates to the field of aluminum alloy materials. The Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance comprises 4-5 wt% of Mg, 2-3 wt% of Sn, 0.5-1 wt% of Ga and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy has the advantages of low content of Mg and Sn elements, high biological safety, low cost, simple process and the like, an LPSO structure is formed in the cast aluminum alloy with low content of Mg and Sn by controlling the solidification rate, a dissociable eutectic phase beneficial to the corrosion resistance of the alloy is formed in the cast alloy after Ga is added, the microstructure is adjustable, Sn and Ga have the function of refining grains, the structure is improved by refining the grains, the uniformity of the structure is improved, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is obviously improved. The invention can effectively improve the strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance of the Al-Mg alloy by adding the Sn and Ga alloying elements.

Description

Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to an Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of technology, aluminum alloys are being widely researched and applied. The aluminum alloy is formed by adding other elements into aluminum serving as a matrix, has the advantages of small density, high specific strength, large specific elastic modulus, good heat dissipation, good shock absorption, large impact load bearing capacity, light weight and the like, has high specific rigidity, better shock absorption performance and stronger radiation resistance, is widely applied to different fields, but the existing aluminum alloy has poor comprehensive mechanical performance, low heat conductivity coefficient and poor corrosion resistance, is not beneficial to the development and popularization of the aluminum alloy, and limits the application of the aluminum alloy. Improving the comprehensive mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy by alloying is a very effective technical means. Al-Mg-Sn alloys are new aluminum alloys which have attracted much attention in recent years, and liquid Al-Mg-Sn alloys have good fluidity and impart good casting properties to them. Meanwhile, the Al-Mg-Sn alloy is suitable for deformation forming capability under wide temperature and deformation speed range, so that the Al-Mg-Sn alloy has good processing performance. With increasing Sn content, formationAl of (2)3The content of Sn intermetallic compound is increased, and a large amount of Al3Sn precipitation strengthening results in an increase in the strength of the alloy. But Al3Sn intermetallic compound as cathode phase during corrosion of alloy, Al3An increase in the content of Sn decreases the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Therefore, the compatibility of strength and corrosion resistance of Al-Mg-Sn alloys is a difficult problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance and the preparation method thereof, and the Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy has high strength and good corrosion resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg4-5 wt%; sn2-3 wt%; 0.5 to 1 weight percent of Ga0; the balance being Al.
A method of making the enhanced corrosion resistance Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing pure Al, pure Mg, pure Sn and pure Ga according to the mass percent in the target alloy, and placing the mixture in a drying box to dry for 1-2h at the drying temperature of 60-80 ℃;
(2) heating the magnesium oxide crucible to 660-680 ℃ by using a resistance furnace, putting the pure Al in the step (1), and introducing protective gas to wait for complete melting;
(3) after the pure Al in the step (2) is completely melted, raising the temperature to 680-700 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-20 minutes, then adding the pure Mg, the pure Sn and the pure Ga in the step (1), and preserving the heat for 8-15 minutes;
(4) after the Mg, Sn and Ga added in the step (3) are completely melted, fully stirring for 5-10 minutes to ensure that the components of the molten metal are uniform;
(5) standing for 10-20 minutes after stirring, measuring the temperature, controlling the temperature to be about 680-690 ℃, slagging off, and then casting in a preheated metal mold;
(6) placing the ingot obtained in the step (5) in a vacuum heat treatment furnace for homogenization heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is as follows: keeping the temperature at 530-580 ℃ for 20-24h, and air-cooling the cast ingot after the temperature is kept to obtain the as-cast Al-Mg-Sn-Ga alloy.
(7) Turning and removing oxide skin, and extruding to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.
Preferably, the purities of the pure Al, the pure Mg, the pure Sn and the pure Ga are more than 99.9%.
Preferably, the metal mold is preheated to 300-400 ℃ during the casting in the step (5).
Preferably, the extrusion temperature in the step (7) is 440-470 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 5-22, and the extrusion punch speed is 0.6-0.7 mm/s.
Preferably, the extrusion parameters are selected in accordance with the principles of low extrusion temperature for low extrusion ratio and high extrusion punch speed, and high extrusion temperature for high extrusion ratio and low extrusion punch speed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aluminum alloy has the advantages of low content of Mg and Sn elements, high biological safety, low cost, simple process and the like, an LPSO structure is formed in the cast aluminum alloy with low content of Mg and Sn by controlling the solidification rate, a dissociable eutectic phase beneficial to the corrosion resistance of the alloy is formed in the cast alloy after Ga is added, the microstructure is adjustable, Ga has the function of refining grains, the structure is improved by refining the grains, the uniformity of the structure is improved, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is obviously improved.
In conclusion, the Ga element is added on the basis of the Al-Mg-Sn binary alloy, and the Ga element forms a relatively compact protective film in the corrosion process of the Al-Mg-Sn alloy, so that the corrosion resistance of the Al-Mg-Sn alloy is improved. Further, the addition of Ga element may form Al5Ga3And the phase increases the strength and toughness of the Al-Mg-Sn alloy. Therefore, the Al-Mg-Sn-Ga alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance and the preparation method thereof have important significance for promoting potential industrial application of the Al-Mg-based alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure view of an as-cast alloy in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of LPSO structure and Al5Ga3 phase in an extruded state in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an as-cast alloy having a dissimilarity eutectic structure in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a report of mechanical property measurements of the aluminum alloys of the examples.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.
Example 1:
the embodiment discloses an Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.5 wt% Mg, 2.5 wt% Sn, the balance being Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing pure Al, pure Mg and pure Sn according to the mass percent in the target alloy, and placing the mixture in a drying box to be dried for 1h, wherein the drying temperature is 60 ℃;
(1) heating the magnesium oxide crucible to 670 ℃ by using a resistance furnace, adding the pure Al in the step (1), and introducing protective gas;
(3) after the pure Al in the step (1) is completely melted, setting the temperature at about 700 ℃, preserving the heat for 20 minutes, then putting the pure Mg, the pure Sn and the pure Ga in the step (1) into the mixture, and preserving the heat for 10 minutes;
(4) after the Mg, Sn and Ga added in the step (3) are completely melted, fully stirring for 10 minutes to ensure that the components of the molten metal are uniform;
(5) standing for 20 minutes after stirring, measuring the temperature, controlling the temperature to be about 680-690 ℃, slagging off, and then casting in a preheated metal mold;
(6) placing the ingot obtained in the step (5) in a vacuum heat treatment furnace for homogenization heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is as follows: keeping the temperature at 580 ℃ for 20h, and air-cooling the cast ingot after the temperature is kept to obtain the as-cast Al-Mg-Sn-Ga alloy.
(7) Turning and removing oxide skin, extruding at 450 deg.C under extrusion ratio of 16 and extrusion speed of 0.6mm/s to obtain aluminum alloy bar.
The cast alloy prepared by the method is sampled to be subjected to a tensile mechanical test, and is soaked in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 72 hours, and the results of the mechanical property and the corrosion rate are shown in Table 1,
example 2:
the embodiment discloses an Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.5 wt% Mg, 2.5 wt% Sn, 0.5 wt% Ga, the balance being Al. The preparation was as in example 1 above. The cast alloy prepared by the above method was sampled for tensile mechanical test and immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 72 hours, and the results of mechanical properties and corrosion rate are shown in Table 1.
Example 3:
the embodiment discloses an Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.5 wt% Mg, 2.5 wt% Sn, 0.8 wt% Ga, the balance being Al. The preparation was as in example 1 above. The cast alloy prepared by the above method was sampled for tensile mechanical test and immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 72 hours, and the results of mechanical properties and corrosion rate are shown in Table 1.
Example 4:
the embodiment discloses an Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.5 wt% Mg, 2.5 wt% Sn, 1 wt% Ga, the balance being Al. The preparation was as in example 1 above. The cast alloy prepared by the above method was sampled for tensile mechanical test and immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 72 hours, and the results of mechanical properties and corrosion rate are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical properties and corrosion rates of extruded Al-4.5Mg-2.5Sn-xGa (0< x < (1) >) alloys
Figure BDA0003112288260000051
As can be seen from Table one, in examples 1-4, the preparation method, through reasonable alloy composition design and process control, yields low cost aluminum alloys, both in the as-cast and extruded statesHas LPSO structure, forms a dissimilarity eutectic structure after Ga is added, and Al is separated out in a squeezed state5Ga3The reinforced phase is close to the corrosion potential of the matrix, so that the occurrence of galvanic corrosion is reduced.
The corrosion rate of the as-cast Al-4.5Mg-2.5Sn alloy is significantly reduced by the addition of Ga element. When 1 wt% Ga is added, the corrosion rate of the Al-4.5Mg-2.5Sn alloy is reduced from 0.71mm/y to 0.22 mm/y. Therefore, the addition of the Ga element can effectively improve the strength and the corrosion resistance of the Al-4.5Mg-2.5Sn alloy. Ga element can refine grains in Al-4.5Mg-2.5Sn and form Al5Ga3 phase, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the alloy. In terms of corrosion resistance, Ga reduces the cathode phase effect of Al3Sn intermetallic compounds, forms a dense protective film on the surface, and improves the corrosion resistance of the alloy. In conclusion, Ga is an alloying addition element which effectively improves the strength and corrosion resistance of the Al-4.5Mg-2.5Sn alloy. The invention obviously reduces the cost and improves the mechanics and corrosion resistance.

Claims (6)

1. An Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: mg4-5 wt%; sn2-3 wt%; 0.5 to 1 weight percent of Ga0; the balance being Al.
2. A method of making the enhanced corrosion resistance Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing pure Al, pure Mg, pure Sn and pure Ga according to the mass percent in the target alloy, and placing the mixture in a drying box to dry for 1-2h at the drying temperature of 60-80 ℃;
(2) heating the magnesium oxide crucible to 660-680 ℃ by using a resistance furnace, putting the pure Al in the step (1), and introducing protective gas to wait for complete melting;
(3) after the pure Al in the step (2) is completely melted, raising the temperature to 680-700 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-20 minutes, then adding the pure Mg, the pure Sn and the pure Ga in the step (1), and preserving the heat for 8-15 minutes;
(4) after the Mg, Sn and Ga added in the step (3) are completely melted, fully stirring for 5-10 minutes to ensure that the components of the molten metal are uniform;
(5) standing for 10-20 minutes after stirring, measuring the temperature, controlling the temperature to be about 680-690 ℃, slagging off, and then casting in a preheated metal mold;
(6) placing the ingot obtained in the step (5) in a vacuum heat treatment furnace for homogenization heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is as follows: keeping the temperature at 530-580 ℃ for 20-24h, and air-cooling the cast ingot after the temperature is kept to obtain the as-cast Al-Mg-Sn-Ga alloy.
(7) Turning and removing oxide skin, and extruding to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance is prepared by the following steps: the purities of the pure Al, the pure Mg, the pure Sn and the pure Ga are more than 99.9 percent.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance is prepared by the following steps: and (5) preheating the metal mold to 300-400 ℃ during casting.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance is prepared by the following steps: the extrusion temperature in the step (7) is 440-470 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 5-22, and the extrusion punch speed is 0.6-0.7 mm/s.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance is prepared by the following steps: the selection of the extrusion parameters follows the principle that low extrusion temperature corresponds to low extrusion ratio and high extrusion punch speed, and high extrusion temperature corresponds to high extrusion ratio and low extrusion punch speed.
CN202110654929.6A 2021-06-11 2021-06-11 Al-Mg-Sn-Ga aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance and preparation method thereof Pending CN113444930A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010093620A1 (en) * 2009-02-16 2010-08-19 Schlumberger Canada Limited Aged-hardenable aluminum alloy with environmental degradability
CN103898380A (en) * 2014-03-26 2014-07-02 安徽家园铝业有限公司 Anti-corrosion aluminum alloy section bar and production method thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010093620A1 (en) * 2009-02-16 2010-08-19 Schlumberger Canada Limited Aged-hardenable aluminum alloy with environmental degradability
CN103898380A (en) * 2014-03-26 2014-07-02 安徽家园铝业有限公司 Anti-corrosion aluminum alloy section bar and production method thereof

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