CN113444925B - Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
In order to solve the problem that the die-casting aluminum alloy material is difficult to meet the technological requirements required by die-casting, the invention provides an aluminum alloy which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 10.2-12% of Si, 2-3% of Cu, 0.27-0.4% of Mg, 0.3-0.5% of Mn, 0.007-0.02% of Sr, 0.008-0.02% of Cr, 0.001-0.03% of Ga, 0.0005-0.02% of Ca, 0.0005-0.4% of Fe, 0.005-0.02% of Ti, 0.0005-0.002% of B, less than 2% of Zn, and the balance of Al and other elements, the total amount of which is less than 0.1%. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy provided by the invention has higher yield strength, tensile strength and heat conductivity, and better elongation is ensured on the premise of not sacrificing the strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of die-casting aluminum alloys, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Die casting is a precision casting method in which molten metal is forced under high pressure into a metal mold having a complicated shape. The die-cast parts cast by die-casting have very small dimensional tolerances and high surface precision, and in most cases, the die-cast parts can be assembled without turning.
The die casting of the aluminum alloy has higher requirements on the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy, such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, melt fluidity and the like, and when the existing die casting aluminum alloy material is die cast, the control condition precision dependence on a forming process is higher, the influence of small fluctuation of process parameters is larger, and the die casting strength requirement and the elongation requirement are difficult to be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problem that the existing die-casting aluminum alloy material cannot meet the technological requirements required by die-casting at the same time.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
on one hand, the invention provides an aluminum alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
10.2 to 12 percent of Si, 2 to 3 percent of Cu, 0.27 to 0.4 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.007 to 0.02 percent of Sr, 0.008 to 0.02 percent of Cr, 0.001 to 0.03 percent of Ga, 0.0005 to 0.02 percent of Ca, 0.0005 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.005 to 0.02 percent of Ti, 0.0005 to 0.002 percent of B, less than 2 percent of Zn, and the balance of aluminum and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1 percent.
Optionally, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
10.2-10.8% of Si, 2.2-2.9% of Cu, 0.27-0.4% of Mg, 0.3-0.5% of Mn, 0.007-0.02% of Sr, 0.008-0.02% of Cr, 0.001-0.03% of Ga, 0.0005-0.02% of Ca, 0.0005-0.4% of Fe, 0.005-0.02% of Ti, 0.0005-0.002% of B, 0.3-1.0% of Zn, and the balance of aluminum and other elements, the total amount of which is less than 0.1%.
Optionally, the other elements include one or more of Zr, ni, ce, sc, and Er.
Alternatively, the content of Al = (7-9) × Si content, the content of Si = (3.5-5) × Cu content, the content of Cu = (4-6) × Mn content.
Alternatively, the Ga content = (0.8-1.2) × Ti content.
Alternatively, the content of Ti = (8-10) × the content of B.
Optionally, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy is 205-225 MPa, the tensile strength is 375-413 MPa, the elongation is 4.3-8%, and the thermal conductivity is greater than 125W/(k · m).
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy as described above, comprising the following steps:
weighing raw materials in required proportion according to the proportion of each element in the aluminum alloy, adding the raw materials into a smelting furnace for smelting, carrying out deslagging and refining degassing treatment, then carrying out casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, and then carrying out die-casting molding on the aluminum alloy ingot.
Optionally, the aluminum alloy after die-casting is subjected to artificial aging treatment at the temperature of 150-220 ℃ for 1.5-3 h.
Optionally, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy subjected to artificial aging treatment is greater than 270MPa, the tensile strength is 420-440 MPa, the elongation is 3-5%, and the thermal conductivity is greater than 160W/(k · m).
According to the aluminum alloy provided by the invention, the proportion of each strengthening element in the aluminum alloy is adjusted and controlled, so that the aluminum alloy has higher yield strength, tensile strength and heat conductivity, and better elongation is ensured on the premise of not sacrificing strength. The aluminum alloy material has low requirements on the process, and has good process adaptability when being applied to a die-casting process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a profile of an energy spectrum scan of an Al alloy forming phase provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a spectrum of a power spectrum scan of an Al alloy forming phase provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanned view of the microstructure of an Al alloy sample provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a Cu distribution plot of the corresponding facial component scan of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a Mg element distribution map of the corresponding face component scan of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a Zn element distribution plot for the corresponding facial composition scan of FIG. 3;
fig. 7 is a distribution diagram of Al elements of the corresponding face component scan of fig. 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
An embodiment of the invention provides an aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
10.2 to 12 percent of Si, 2 to 3 percent of Cu, 0.27 to 0.4 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.007 to 0.02 percent of Sr, 0.008 to 0.02 percent of Cr, 0.001 to 0.03 percent of Ga, 0.0005 to 0.02 percent of Ca, 0.0005 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.005 to 0.02 percent of Ti, 0.0005 to 0.002 percent of B, less than 2 percent of Zn, and the balance of aluminum and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1 percent.
According to the aluminum alloy provided by the invention, the ratio control of each strengthening element in the aluminum alloy is adjusted, so that the aluminum alloy has higher yield strength, tensile strength and heat conductivity, and better elongation is ensured on the premise of not sacrificing the strength. The aluminum alloy material has low process requirements, and has good process adaptability when being applied to a die-casting process.
In some preferred embodiments, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
10.2 to 10.8 percent of Si, 2.2 to 2.9 percent of Cu, 0.27 to 0.4 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.007 to 0.02 percent of Sr, 0.008 to 0.02 percent of Cr, 0.001 to 0.03 percent of Ga, 0.0005 to 0.02 percent of Ca, 0.0005 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.005 to 0.02 percent of Ti, 0.0005 to 0.002 percent of B, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Zn, and the balance of aluminum and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1 percent.
In a more preferred embodiment, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
10.3 to 10.8 percent of Si, 2.3 to 2.8 percent of Cu, 0.27 to 0.4 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.007 to 0.02 percent of Sr, 0.008 to 0.02 percent of Cr, 0.001 to 0.03 percent of Ga, 0.0005 to 0.02 percent of Ca, 0.0005 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.005 to 0.02 percent of Ti, 0.0005 to 0.002 percent of B, 0.3 to 1.00 percent of Zn, and the balance of aluminum and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1 percent.
In some specific embodiments, the Si content is 10.3%, 10.5%, 10.7 or 10.8%, the Cu content is 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.6% or 2.8%, the Mg content is 0.27%, 0.31%, 0.36%, 0.30% or 0.4%, the Mn content is 0.3%, 0.4% or 0.5%, the Sr content is 0.007%, 0.01%, 0.015% or 0.02%, the Cr content is 0.008%, 0.01%, 0.014% or 0.02%, the Ga content is 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.019%, 0.024%, 0.028% or 0.03%, the Ca content is 0.0005%, 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.017% or 0.02%, the Fe content is 0.0005% to 0.4%, the Ti content is 0.005% to 0.02%, the B content is 0.0005% to 0.002%, and the Zn content is 0.1% to 1%.
In the material according to the present invention, si: on one hand, the fluidity of the material is ensured, the forming capability of the material is improved, on the other hand, under the modification action of elements such as Sr and Ca, extremely fine fibrous eutectic silicon (0.01-1 mu m) is formed, the grain boundary strength of the material is greatly improved, and the integral strength of the material is improved.
Cu: form a solid solution phase with Al and pass through the precipitated Al 2 Cu is dispersed and distributed on the grain boundary.
Mn and Cr: solid-dissolving the crystal particles into an Al alloy matrix to inhibit the growth of primary Si and alpha-Al crystal particles, so that the primary Si content is dispersed among the crystal particles.
Ti and B: the primary crystal silicon is dispersed among the crystal grains, so that the primary crystal silicon can be uniformly distributed in the alpha-Al, and the growth of the alpha-Al is greatly inhibited (the grain diameter is reduced by one third).
In some embodiments, the Al content is > 80%.
In some embodiments, the other elements include one or more of Zr, ni, ce, sc, er.
In some embodiments, the content of Al = (7-9) × Si content, the content of Si = (3.5-5) × Cu content, the content of Cu = (4-6) × Mn content.
When the Al content is more than 80%, wherein Si, cu and Mn are in the above proportion, most of Si forms eutectic Si, and Cu forms a large amount of Al 2 Cu distributionAt grain boundaries, a small part of Mn is dissolved into an alpha aluminum matrix in a solid way to strengthen the matrix performance, most of Mn is segregated to the grain boundaries and is combined with Fe to form a needle-shaped AlFeMnSi phase, and then dispersed primary silicon, al and Al at the grain boundaries 2 Cu and acicular AlFeMnSi phase, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved.
In some embodiments, the content of Ga = (0.8-1.2) × the content of Ti.
In some embodiments, the content of Ti = (8-10) × content of B.
5TiB is used as an effective formation core of alpha-Al and plays a role of refining crystal grains, and simultaneously, under the attraction effect of Ga, mg, mn, fe and Gu generate segregation around primary Si to form a large number of spherical phases with the size of about 0.5 mu m, and the phase composition (Si) is tested to be (Si) 5 MnMgFe) 3 Cu is uniformly distributed at the grain boundary, so that the strength and the elongation of the alloy are greatly enhanced.
Zn element is combined with Mg element to form MgZn 2 When the content of Zn element is between 0.3 and 1.0 percent, under the attraction of Ga and Ti, cu and Al atoms replace partial Zn atoms to form a isomorphous MgAlCu phase, thereby greatly improving the resistance of stress corrosion cracking of the alloy.
In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy has a yield strength of 205 to 225MPa, a tensile strength of 375 to 413MPa, an elongation of 4.3 to 8%, and a thermal conductivity greater than 125W/(k · m).
In a more preferred embodiment, the aluminum alloy has a yield strength of 215 to 225MPa, a tensile strength of 390 to 413MPa, an elongation of 5 to 8%, and a thermal conductivity of greater than 140W/(k · m).
The above properties of the aluminum alloy are measured after 7d natural aging after the aluminum alloy is cast.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing the aluminum alloy as described above, comprising the following steps:
weighing raw materials in required proportion according to the proportion of each element in the aluminum alloy, adding the raw materials into a smelting furnace for smelting, carrying out deslagging and refining degassing treatment, then carrying out casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, and then carrying out die-casting molding on the aluminum alloy ingot.
The raw materials comprise an aluminum-containing material, a silicon-containing material, a magnesium-containing material, an iron-containing material, a strontium-containing material, a copper-containing material, a manganese-containing material, a chromium-containing material, a gallium-containing material, a calcium-containing material and a boron-containing material. In the present invention, the aluminum-containing material, the silicon-containing material, the magnesium-containing material, the iron-containing material, the strontium-containing material, the copper-containing material, the manganese-containing material, the chromium-containing material, the gallium-containing material, the calcium-containing material and the boron-containing material may be materials capable of providing various elements required for preparing the die-casting aluminum alloy of the present invention, and may be alloys or pure metals containing the elements as long as the composition components in the aluminum alloy obtained by melting the added aluminum alloy raw material are within the above ranges.
In some embodiments, the casting temperature is 680 to 720 ℃.
In some embodiments, the deslagging operation includes adding a deslagging agent to the molten metal, the deslagging agent including one or more of the aluminum alloy deslagging agents NF-1 and DSG aluminum alloy deslagging and degassing agents.
In the refining degassing operation, the refining temperature is 700-710 ℃, and refining agents are added into molten metal and stirred to realize refining degassing, wherein the refining agents comprise one or more of hexafluoroethane and an aluminum refining agent ZS-AJ 01C.
In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy after die-casting is subjected to artificial aging treatment at the temperature of 150-220 ℃ for 1.5-3 h.
The yield strength of the aluminum alloy after the artificial aging treatment is more than 270MPa, the tensile strength is 420-440 MPa, the elongation is 3-5%, and the thermal conductivity is more than 160W/(k.m).
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
TABLE 1
Example 1
This example is illustrative of the aluminum alloy and method of making the same disclosed in the present invention, and includes the following steps:
as shown in table 1, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components by mass: the preparation method comprises the following steps of calculating the mass of various required intermediate alloys or metal simple substances according to the mass content of the aluminum alloy components, adding the intermediate alloys or metal simple substances into a smelting furnace for smelting, adding a deslagging agent into molten metal for deslagging, then adding a refining agent into the molten metal for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 700-710 ℃, and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot. And then, naturally aging the aluminum alloy cast ingot for 7d to obtain the aluminum alloy.
Examples 2 to 36
Examples 2 to 36, which are for explaining the aluminum alloy and the method for manufacturing the same disclosed in the present invention, include most of the operation steps in example 1, except that:
the aluminum alloy components shown in the examples 2 to 36 in the table 1 are adopted, the mass of various required intermediate alloys or metal simple substances is calculated according to the mass content of the aluminum alloy components, then the various intermediate alloys or metal simple substances are added into a smelting furnace for smelting, a deslagging agent is added into molten metal for deslagging operation, then a refining agent is added into the molten metal for refining degassing operation, the refining temperature is 700-710 ℃, and aluminum alloy cast ingots are obtained by casting. And then, naturally aging the aluminum alloy cast ingot for 7d to obtain the aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is used for comparative illustration of the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the present invention, and comprises the following operation steps:
as shown in Table 1, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the method comprises the following steps of calculating the mass of various required intermediate alloys or metal simple substances according to the mass content of the aluminum alloy components, adding the intermediate alloys or metal simple substances into a smelting furnace for smelting, adding a deslagging agent into molten metal for deslagging, adding a refining agent into the molten metal for refining and degassing, wherein the refining temperature is 700-710 ℃, and casting to obtain the aluminum alloy ingot. And then, naturally aging the aluminum alloy cast ingot for 7d to obtain the aluminum alloy.
Comparative examples 2 to 24
Comparative examples 2 to 24, which are for comparative illustration of the aluminum alloy and the method of manufacturing the same disclosed in the present invention, include most of the operational steps of example 1 except that:
the aluminum alloy components shown in comparative examples 2-24 in the table 1 are adopted, the mass of various required intermediate alloys or metal simple substances is calculated according to the mass content of the aluminum alloy components, then the various intermediate alloys or metal simple substances are added into a smelting furnace for smelting, a deslagging agent is added into molten metal for deslagging operation, then a refining agent is added into the molten metal for refining degassing operation, the refining temperature is 700-710 ℃, and an aluminum alloy ingot is obtained by casting. And then, naturally aging the aluminum alloy cast ingot for 7d to obtain the aluminum alloy.
Performance testing
1. Scanning electron microscope imaging is performed on the aluminum alloy prepared in the above example 1, the obtained SEM picture is shown in fig. 1, EDS spectrum detection is performed on the cross-shaped mark in fig. 2, the obtained EDS spectrum is shown in fig. 3, and the components at the cross-shaped mark in fig. 2 are obtained by analysis and are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Element | Wt％ | At％ |
| OK | 00.15 | 00.27 |
| MgK | 01.87 | 02.27 |
| AlK | 65.93 | 72.25 |
| SiK | 15.97 | 16.81 |
| MnK | 06.87 | 03.70 |
| FeK | 06.24 | 03.31 |
| CuK | 02.97 | 01.38 |
| Matrix | Correction | ZAF |
As can be seen from the results in Table 2, this phase belongs to (Si) 5 MnMgFe) 3 A Cu phase which is effective for strengthening the strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy.
2. The results of the facial composition scan of the aluminum alloy sample provided in example 1 are shown in fig. 3-7, and it can be seen that the distribution intervals of Zn, cu and Mg elements are the same, indicating that these three elements form a isomorphous MgAlCu phase in the aluminum alloy.
3. The following performance tests were performed on the aluminum alloys prepared in the above examples 1 to 36 and comparative examples 1 to 24: tensile Strength test
The first part of the GB/T228.1-2010 metal material tensile test is adopted: the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the material were tested by room temperature test method.
The aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1-36 and comparative examples 1-24 were die cast to form tensile bars (6.4 mm diameter by 50mm gauge length), tested for tensile properties using a CMT5105 electronic universal tester with a gauge length of 50mm and a load rate of 2mm/min, and the measured data was recorded for six samples per recipe point, wherein the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation were the average of six data, the relative standard deviation of the yield strength was the percentage of the ratio of the standard deviation to the average of 6 yield strength data, and the relative standard deviation of the tensile strength was the percentage of the ratio of the standard deviation to the average of 6 tensile strength data.
And (3) testing thermal conductivity:
preparing an aluminum alloy into a cast ingot heat-conducting wafer with the diameter of 12.7 multiplied by 3mm, and uniformly spraying graphite coatings on two surfaces of a sample to be tested; and placing the processed sample into a laser thermal conductivity instrument for testing. The laser thermal conductivity test was carried out according to ASTM E1461 Standard method for measuring thermal diffusivity by flashing light.
The test results obtained are filled in table 3.
TABLE 3
It can be seen from the results of comparing examples 1 to 36 and comparative examples 1 to 24 that, compared with the aluminum alloy outside the element range provided by the present invention, the aluminum alloy provided by the present invention has better mechanical strength, can satisfy the requirements of the die casting process, and simultaneously has better heat conductivity, elongation and die-casting formability.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, but rather, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
10.2 to 12 percent of Si, 2 to 3 percent of Cu, 0.27 to 0.4 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.007 to 0.02 percent of Sr, 0.008 to 0.02 percent of Cr, 0.001 to 0.03 percent of Ga, 0.0005 to 0.02 percent of Ca, 0.0005 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.005 to 0.02 percent of Ti, 0.0005 to 0.002 percent of B, less than 2 percent of Zn, and the balance of aluminum and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1 percent; wherein the Ga content = (0.8-1.2) × Ti content, and the Ti content = (8-10) × B content.
2. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
10.2 to 10.8 percent of Si, 2.2 to 2.9 percent of Cu, 0.27 to 0.4 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.007 to 0.02 percent of Sr, 0.008 to 0.02 percent of Cr, 0.001 to 0.03 percent of Ga, 0.0005 to 0.02 percent of Ca, 0.0005 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.005 to 0.02 percent of Ti, 0.0005 to 0.002 percent of B, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of Zn, and the balance of aluminum and other elements, wherein the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1 percent.
3. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the other elements comprise one or more of Zr, ni, ce, sc, er.
4. The aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the content of Al = (7-9). Times.Si, the content of Si = (3.5-5). Times.Cu, and the content of Cu = (4-6). Times.Mn.
5. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy has a yield strength of 205 to 225MPa, a tensile strength of 375 to 413MPa, an elongation of 4.3 to 8%, and a thermal conductivity of greater than 125W/(k-m).
6. Method for the production of an aluminium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following operative steps:
weighing raw materials in required proportion according to the proportion of each element in the aluminum alloy, adding the raw materials into a smelting furnace for smelting, carrying out deslagging and refining degassing treatment, then carrying out casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, and then carrying out die-casting molding on the aluminum alloy ingot.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the aluminum alloy after the die-casting is subjected to artificial aging treatment at a temperature of 150-220 ℃ for 1.5-3 h.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the yield strength of the aluminum alloy after the artificial aging treatment is greater than 270MPa, the tensile strength is 420 to 440MPa, the elongation is 3 to 5%, and the thermal conductivity is greater than 160W/(k-m).
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| AU2009242962A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2009-11-05 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Improved aluminium based casting alloy |
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| CN102676885A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2012-09-19 | 无锡格莱德科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy ingot |
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