CN113444512B - Self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.05-0.20 part of surface active thickening agent, 0.5-2.0 parts of anti-swelling agent, 0.01-0.03 part of capsule type gel breaker and 0.3-1.5 parts of degradable fiber. The self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the invention is suitable for diversion fracturing transformation of a natural fracture development reservoir, has good shielding temporary plugging capability, can divert the fracturing fluid, enables more ground waves and low-permeability production layers, and improves the transformation effect; meanwhile, the preparation method of the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid is simple, the fracturing process is simpler due to the self-gel-breaking property, and the fracturing construction period can be shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of petrochemical industry.
Background
Unconventional reservoirs such as dense gas and shale gas have poor physical properties and insufficient pore connectivity, and industrial oil and gas flow is difficult to form depending on the self-capacity of the reservoirs. In order to increase the production of such reservoirs, it is common to use a fracturing process to create artificial fractures in the formation that communicate the formation to the percolation pathways between the wellbore. Most of unconventional reservoirs develop natural fractures, and if a steering fracturing technology is not adopted, a large amount of fracturing fluid can preferentially enter the natural fractures, so that the modification volume of the fracturing fluid is reduced, and the fracturing effect is adversely affected.
Therefore, providing a novel self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, and a preparation method and application thereof have become technical problems to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
To address the above-described shortcomings and drawbacks, it is an object of the present invention to provide a self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid. The self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the invention is suitable for diversion fracturing modification of a natural fracture development reservoir, has good shielding temporary plugging capability, can divert the fracturing fluid, has more ground waves and low permeability production layers, and improves the modification effect; meanwhile, the preparation method of the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid is simple, the fracturing process is simpler due to the self-gel-breaking property, and the fracturing construction period can be shortened.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid in the fracturing reformation process of unconventional reservoirs.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, wherein the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid comprises, in parts by weight:
100 parts of water, 0.05-0.20 part of surface active thickening agent, 0.5-2.0 parts of anti-swelling agent, 0.01-0.03 part of capsule type gel breaker and 0.3-1.5 parts of degradable fiber.
In an embodiment of the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid of the present invention, the surface-active thickener includes one of a quaternary ammonium salt viscoelastic surfactant, a tertiary amine nonionic surfactant, or a polysaccharide viscoelastic surfactant.
As a specific embodiment of the above self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, the quaternary ammonium salt viscoelastic surfactant includes a Gemini quaternary ammonium salt viscoelastic surfactant.
The quaternary ammonium salt viscoelastic surfactant (such as Gemini quaternary ammonium salt viscoelastic surfactant), tertiary amine nonionic surfactant or polysaccharide viscoelastic surfactant and the like used in the invention are conventional substances, and can be obtained commercially or prepared in a laboratory; as in one embodiment of the present invention, the tertiary amine nonionic surfactant can be oleamidopropyl dimethylamine tertiary amine nonionic surfactant; the polysaccharide viscoelastic surfactant can be formed by interaction of sodium hexadecyl sulfonate and hydroxyethyl cellulose; the quaternary ammonium salt viscoelastic surfactant can be Gemini quaternary ammonium salt viscoelastic surfactant.
As a specific embodiment of the above self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid of the present invention, the anti-swelling agent includes one or a combination of any several of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium formate, and potassium formate.
In an embodiment of the above self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, the capsule-type gel breaker is a capsule-type gel breaker with an acid-soluble capsule coating.
As a specific embodiment of the above self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid of the present invention, the capsule type gel breaker is a capsule type gel breaker whose capsule coat can be dissolved and rapidly release the gel breaker in an acidic environment with pH < 4.
As a specific embodiment of the above self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid of the present invention, the capsule-type gel breaker comprises a capsule coating component including chitosan or easily hydrolyzable polyester;
the capsule core of the capsule type gel breaker comprises ammonium persulfate or potassium permanganate.
As a specific embodiment of the above self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, the degradable fiber is a degradable fiber which has a degradation degree (degradation rate) of above 99% after 24 hours at a reservoir temperature of 60-150 ℃, can form an acidic environment after degradation, and can dissolve a capsule coat of the capsule-type breaker in the acidic environment.
In an embodiment of the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, the pH of the acidic environment is 2 or less.
As a specific embodiment of the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, the degradable fibers comprise polylactic acid fibers and/or polycarbonate fibers.
As a specific embodiment of the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, the degradable fiber has a molecular weight of 500-1500 ten thousand and a fiber length of 0.2-5mm. The invention controls the molecular weight of the degradable fiber to be 500-1500 ten thousand, controls the fiber length to be 0.2-5mm, can further promote the degradable fiber to be capable of achieving complete degradation within 2-3 days after fracturing operation, and the degradation degree of the degradable fiber reaches more than 99% after 24 hours under the condition of reservoir temperature of 60-150 ℃.
The self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid comprises a capsule-type gel breaker and degradable fibers, wherein the degradable fibers can efficiently shield and temporarily block natural fractures of a reservoir, so that more fracturing fluid enters a low-permeability stratum, more artificial fractures are generated, and the modification volume of the fracturing fluid is enlarged; the degradable fiber can be degraded completely within 2-3 days after fracturing operation under the condition of reservoir temperature of 60-150 ℃, an acid environment can be formed after degradation, the capsule coat of the capsule type gel breaker can be dissolved in the acid environment, the gel breaker can be rapidly released by the capsule type gel breaker, and the viscosity of a fracturing fluid is reduced; the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the invention can automatically activate the gel-breaking process, and can avoid the pumping process of a gel breaker, and further has important practical significance for improving the fracturing effect of a natural fracture development reservoir, shortening the fracturing construction period and realizing the advanced production of an oil-gas well.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding the degradable fiber, the anti-swelling agent and the capsule type gel breaker into water, and fully dispersing to obtain a base solution;
(2) And adding a surface active thickening agent into the base fluid, and uniformly mixing to obtain the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid.
As a specific embodiment of the above preparation method of the present invention, wherein, in the step (2), the surface active thickener is added to the base solution, and stirred for 5-10min to be uniformly mixed.
In addition, the adding sequence of the degradable fiber, the anti-swelling agent and the capsule type gel breaker in the preparation method is not specifically required, and a person skilled in the art can reasonably set the adding sequence of the degradable fiber, the anti-swelling agent and the capsule type gel breaker according to the actual field operation condition as long as the aim of preparing the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid can be fulfilled.
In still another aspect, the invention also provides application of the self-breaking gel fiber fracturing fluid in the fracturing modification process of unconventional reservoirs.
In a specific embodiment of the above application of the present invention, the unconventional reservoir comprises a tight gas or shale gas reservoir.
In a specific embodiment of the above application of the present invention, the unconventional reservoir has a reservoir temperature of 60-150 ℃.
The self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1) The surface active thickening agent used in the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the invention is a surface active agent polymer thickening agent, can effectively reduce the flow resistance of the fracturing fluid, is beneficial to reducing the pressure of a fracturing pump and increasing the modification volume of the fracturing fluid;
2) The capsule type gel breaker used in the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the invention is a capsule type gel breaker with an acid-soluble capsule coat, the degradation degree (degradation rate) of the used degradable fiber after 24 hours can reach more than 99% under the condition of reservoir temperature of 60-150 ℃, an acidic environment can be formed after degradation, and the capsule coat of the capsule type gel breaker can be dissolved in the acidic environment.
In conclusion, the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the invention can spontaneously release gel breaker, can automatically activate the gel breaking process to break gel in the fracturing fluid, and can avoid the pumping of the gel breaker into a flow path.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention will be made with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, wherein the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid is prepared by a method comprising the following specific steps:
adding 300mL of deionized water into a high stirring cup, adding 3g of potassium formate, 0.06g of capsule type gel breaker and 3g of degradable fibers into the high stirring cup, and stirring for 20min to obtain a base solution;
then 0.3g of Gemini quaternary ammonium salt viscoelastic surfactant produced by Henan province purification chemical technology Limited is added into the base solution, and the mixture is stirred for 10min at the rotating speed of 11000r/min by a high-speed stirrer to prepare the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid;
wherein the capsule-type gel breaker comprises a capsule coat component of chitosan produced by Shandong Onkang Biotechnology Limited and a capsule core of potassium permanganate;
the degradable fiber is polylactic acid fiber which is produced by Wuhan Yisheng biological science and technology limited and has the molecular weight of 1100 ten thousand and the fiber length of 0.2-0.5 mm.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, wherein the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid is prepared by a method comprising the following specific steps:
adding 300mL of deionized water into a high stirring cup, adding 4g of potassium formate, 0.09g of capsule type gel breaker and 4g of degradable fibers into the high stirring cup, and stirring for 20min to obtain a base solution;
adding 0.5g of polysaccharide viscoelastic surfactant formed by interaction of sodium hexadecyl sulfonate and hydroxyethyl cellulose into the base solution, and stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 11000r/min by using a high-speed stirrer to prepare the self-breaking gel fiber fracturing fluid;
wherein the capsule-type gel breaker comprises a capsule coat component of chitosan produced by Shandong Onkang Biotechnology Limited and a capsule core of potassium permanganate;
the degradable fiber is a medium-high viscosity polycarbonate fiber which is produced by Shanghai Bayer and has the molecular weight of 800 ten thousand and the fiber length of 0.3-0.9 mm.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, which is prepared by a method comprising the following specific steps:
adding 300mL of deionized water into a high stirring cup, adding 6.0g of potassium formate, 0.09g of capsule type gel breaker and 4.5g of degradable fibers into the high stirring cup, and stirring for 20min to obtain a base solution;
then 0.6g of oleamide propyl dimethylamine tertiary amine nonionic surfactant produced by Shanghai Yicong New Material science and technology Limited is added into the base solution, and the mixture is stirred for 10min at the rotating speed of 11000r/min by a high-speed stirrer to prepare the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid;
wherein the capsule-type gel breaker comprises a capsule coat component of poly beta-hydroxybutyrate (Sichuan Zhi research science and technology Co., ltd.), and a capsule core of potassium persulfate;
the degradable fiber is polylactic acid fiber which is produced by Wuhan Yisheng biological science and technology limited and has the molecular weight of 1500 ten thousand and the fiber length of 0.5-1.0 mm.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, wherein the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid is prepared by a method comprising the following specific steps:
adding 300mL of deionized water into a high stirring cup, adding 6.0g of potassium formate, 0.09g of capsule type gel breaker and 0.6g of degradable fiber into the high stirring cup, and stirring for 20min to obtain a base solution;
then 0.6g of oleamide propyl dimethylamine tertiary amine nonionic surfactant produced by Shanghai Yicong New Material science and technology Limited is added into the base solution, and the mixture is stirred for 10min at the rotating speed of 11000r/min by a high-speed stirrer to prepare the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid;
wherein the capsule-type gel breaker comprises a capsule coat component of poly beta-hydroxybutyrate (Sichuan Zhi research science and technology Co., ltd.), and a capsule core of potassium persulfate;
the degradable fiber is polylactic acid fiber which is produced by Wuhan Yisheng biological science and technology limited and has the molecular weight of 300 ten thousand and the fiber length of 0.2-0.3 mm.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, wherein the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid is prepared by a method comprising the following specific steps:
adding 300mL of deionized water into a high stirring cup, adding 6.0g of potassium formate, 0.01g of capsule type gel breaker and 4.5g of degradable fibers into the high stirring cup, and stirring for 20min to obtain a base solution;
then 0.1g of oleamide propyl dimethylamine tertiary amine nonionic surfactant produced by Shanghai Yicong New Material science and technology Limited is added into the base solution, and the mixture is stirred for 10min at the rotating speed of 11000r/min by a high-speed stirrer to prepare the self-breaking gel fiber fracturing fluid;
wherein the capsule-type gel breaker comprises a capsule coat component of poly beta-hydroxybutyrate (Sichuan Zhi research science and technology Co., ltd.) and a capsule core of potassium persulfate;
the degradable fiber is polylactic acid fiber which is produced by Wuhan Yisheng biological technology Limited company, has the molecular weight of 1500 ten thousand and the fiber length of 0.5-1.0 mm.
Test example
After the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluids provided in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were heated to 120 ℃ respectively, the viscosities of the fracturing fluids were measured respectively using a high-temperature high-pressure cylinder viscometer (a conventional device in the art);
and then pouring the fracturing fluid into an aging kettle, degrading at 120 ℃ for 48h, taking out the aging kettle, cooling to room temperature, and respectively measuring the viscosity of the fracturing fluid and the residue content of the fracturing fluid by using a high-temperature high-pressure cylinder viscometer, wherein the obtained experimental data are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the experimental results shown in table 1 above, the viscosity of the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention at 120 ℃ before breaking is greater than 150mPa · s, and the viscosity is relatively high, so that the requirement of carrying sand can be satisfied; after the high-temperature action is carried out for 48 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃, the polylactic acid fiber or the polycarbonate fiber in the system is degraded to form an acidic environment, so that the capsule coat of the capsule type gel breaker can be dissolved and the gel breaker can be released, and further the fracturing fluid is broken; the viscosity of the fracturing fluid after gel breaking is below 12mPa s, and the residue content is less than 0.55g/L, so that the viscosity of the self-gel breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the embodiments 1-3 of the invention is greatly reduced after gel breaking, which shows that the pH value of an acidic environment reaches below 2 at the moment, and the degradable fiber is degraded, and further proves that the self-gel breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the embodiments of the invention has a good reservoir protection function.
To investigate the changes in fracturing fluid properties after the main formulation in the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid was changed, the present invention provides comparative example 1 based on the fracturing fluid formulation provided in example 3. Compared with example 3, in comparative example 1, the amount of the substances used in the surface active thickener, the anti-swelling agent and the gel breaker and the amount of the substances used in the substances are kept unchanged, so that the amount and the molecular weight of the degradable fibers are respectively lower than the lower limit of the amount range and the lower limit of the molecular weight range of the degradable fibers claimed in the invention. The experimental results in table 1 prove that, compared to the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluids provided in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, the viscosity of the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided in comparative example 1 before breaking gel is greatly reduced, which may be caused by: due to the fact that the dosage of the degradable fibers is small and the molecular weight is low in comparative example 1, the temperature resistance of the degradable fibers is poor, the degradable fibers are degraded in a short time at the temperature of 120 ℃, the pH value of a fracturing fluid system is reduced, capsule coatings of the capsule type gel breaker are dissolved, and the fracturing fluid is broken in advance.
To further investigate the changes in properties of the fracturing fluid after changes in the main formulation in the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid, the present invention provides comparative example 2 based on the fracturing fluid formulation provided in example 3. Compared with example 3, in comparative example 2, the amount and molecular weight of the anti-swelling agent and the degradable fiber are kept unchanged, and the amount of the surface active thickener and the amount of the capsule type gel breaker are respectively lower than the lower limit of the range of the amount of the surface active thickener and the lower limit of the range of the amount of the capsule type gel breaker. The experimental results in table 1 show that compared to the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluids provided in examples 1-3 of the present invention, the viscosity of the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided in comparative example 2 before breaking is also significantly reduced, and the viscosity and residue content of the fracturing fluid after breaking are increased, which may be due to: the main reason for the obvious reduction of the viscosity of the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid before gel breaking is the insufficient amount of the surface active thickening agent, and the increase of the viscosity of the fracturing fluid after gel breaking is caused by the insufficient amount of the capsule type gel breaker, so that the fracturing fluid is insufficient in gel breaking, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid after gel breaking is too high, the residue content is high, the flowback of the fracturing fluid is not facilitated, and a certain damage is caused to a reservoir.
The self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1) The surface active thickening agent used in the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the embodiment of the invention is a surface active agent polymer thickening agent, can effectively reduce the flow resistance of the fracturing fluid, is beneficial to reducing the pressure of a fracturing pump and increasing the modification volume of the fracturing fluid;
2) The capsule type gel breaker used in the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the embodiment of the invention is a capsule type gel breaker with an acid-soluble capsule coat, the degradation degree (degradation rate) of the used degradable fiber after 24 hours can reach more than 99% under the condition of reservoir temperature of 60-150 ℃, an acidic environment can be formed after degradation, and the capsule coat of the capsule type gel breaker can be dissolved in the acidic environment.
In conclusion, the self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid provided by the embodiment of the invention can spontaneously release a gel breaker, can automatically activate a gel breaking process to break gel of the fracturing fluid, and can avoid the pumping process of the gel breaker.
It should be understood that the above description is only exemplary of the invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that the replacement of equivalent elements or equivalent changes and modifications made in the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention. In addition, the technical features and the technical inventions of the present invention, the technical features and the technical inventions, and the technical inventions can be freely combined and used.
Claims (10)
1. The self-gel-breaking fiber fracturing fluid is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of water, 0.05-0.20 part of surface active thickening agent, 0.5-2.0 parts of anti-swelling agent, 0.01-0.03 part of capsule type gel breaker and 0.3-1.5 parts of degradable fiber;
wherein the capsule type gel breaker is a capsule type gel breaker with an acid-soluble capsule coat; the capsule type gel breaker is a capsule type gel breaker of which the capsule coat can be dissolved and the gel breaker can be rapidly released in an acidic environment with the pH value of less than 4;
the degradable fiber is 60 to 150 o C, under the reservoir temperature condition, the degradation degree after 24 hours can reach more than 99 percent, an acidic environment can be formed after degradation, and the acidic environment can dissolve the degradable fibers of the capsule coat of the capsule type gel breaker;
the degradable fibers comprise polylactic acid fibers and/or polycarbonate fibers;
the molecular weight of the degradable fiber is 500-1500 ten thousand, and the fiber length is 0.2-5mm.
2. The self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the surface active thickener comprises one of a quaternary ammonium viscoelastic surfactant, a tertiary amine nonionic surfactant, or a polysaccharide viscoelastic surfactant.
3. The self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid of claim 2, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt viscoelastic surfactant comprises a Gemini quaternary ammonium salt viscoelastic surfactant.
4. The self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the anti-swelling agent comprises one or a combination of any of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium formate and potassium formate.
5. The self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein the capsule-type breaker comprises a shell comprising chitosan or a hydrolysis-susceptible polyester;
the capsule core of the capsule type gel breaker comprises ammonium persulfate or potassium permanganate.
6. The self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pH of the acidic environment is 2 or less.
7. The preparation method of the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding the degradable fiber, the anti-swelling agent and the capsule type gel breaker into water, and fully dispersing to obtain a base solution;
(2) And adding a surface active thickening agent into the base fluid, and uniformly mixing to obtain the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid.
8. Use of the self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid of any one of claims 1 to 6 in a fracturing modification process of unconventional reservoirs.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein the unconventional reservoir has a reservoir temperature of 60-150 f o C。
10. Use according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the unconventional reservoir comprises a tight gas or shale gas reservoir.
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