CN108841370B - Fiber fracturing fluid and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fiber fracturing fluid and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation, and provides a high-strength fiber fracturing fluid, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the high-strength fiber fracturing fluid comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.1-0.25 part of polymer thickening agent, 0.01 part of gel breaker and 0.3-1.2 parts of degradation fiber. The fiber used in the invention has good dispersibility, can be completely degraded at the temperature of a medium-low temperature reservoir, is insoluble at the temperature lower than the reservoir temperature, does not influence the construction, improves the sand suspension property of the fracturing fluid, and has good compatibility with other additives; has good static/dynamic sand carrying performance and rheological performance, the degradation rate is only 0.15-1.51% at 50 ℃ in 24 hours, and the degradation rate reaches 99.05% at 60 ℃ in 24 hours. Not only meets the requirement of construction strength, but also is quickly degraded after construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation, and particularly relates to a fiber fracturing fluid, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous deepening of exploration and development and the increasing demand for energy, the fracturing modification becomes an important production increasing measure for increasing the production of oil and gas reservoirs. The aim is to achieve the maximum crack conductivity within the limit range of design and construction. The yield increasing effect can be further improved by rapid flowback after the fracturing, the flowback speed of the fracturing fluid is improved and the flowback of the proppant is controlled, but the relative contradiction exists, if the flowback speed of the fracturing fluid is too high and exceeds the critical sand flow rate, the phenomenon of flowback of the proppant is generated, so that the flow conductivity of the fracture is greatly reduced; if the flowback speed of the fracturing fluid is too low, the flowback rate is reduced, and the damage of the fracturing fluid to a reservoir stratum is increased. In order to solve the contradiction, fiber fracturing technologies come from the beginning, and the technologies are relatively good control effects in the existing fracturing construction through field practice and inspection. Meanwhile, the fiber also has the effects of improving the sand carrying capacity of the low-viscosity fracturing fluid and enhancing the compressive strength of the temporary plugging steering.
The application of special fibers in oil and gas fields is accompanied by the development of shale oil and gas resource technology of 'hydraulic fracturing + horizontal wells' in the United states. The fiber is a polylactic acid fiber and has degradable property. After the fiber sand fracturing technology enters China from the United states, the industry uses the water solubility of vinylon to replace the degradability of polylactic acid fibers, and the vinylon water solubility is successful in about 2010, and has an expanded trial trend in recent years. The oil field composition is applied to oil and gas field branches of southwest China petrochemical industry, Liaohe oil field of Changqing China oil field and the like, and has obvious effects. The fibers enter the deep part of the stratum along with the proppant, and if the fibers are not degraded completely, the original fine reservoir throat can be blocked, so that the reservoir is damaged. At present, most fiber materials have good degradation performance under high temperature (above 85 ℃) and poor degradation performance in medium and low temperature strata. Chinese patent (application publication No. CN 106479475A) discloses a preparation process of a fiber fracturing fluid for low-temperature hydrolysis medium-low temperature reservoir fracturing, wherein the degradation rate of the fiber fracturing fluid is more than 85% at 70-75 ℃, and the degradation rate of the fiber fracturing fluid is more than 95% at 90-95 ℃. The problem of low temperature (below 70 ℃) degradation in the fibers has not been solved and the fibers that reside in the formation can exacerbate damage to the permeability of low permeability reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art, and provides the fiber fracturing fluid which has high supporting strength, high dispersibility and strong adaptability to stratum, prevents the backflow of a propping agent, improves the sand carrying capacity of low-viscosity fracturing fluid, reduces the use of a thickening agent and reduces the damage to the permeability of a low-permeability oil layer.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the fiber fracturing fluid comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.1-0.25 part of polymer thickening agent, 0.01 part of gel breaker and 0.3-1.2 parts of degradation fiber.
The gel breaker is prepared from a persulfate and pit ascorbic acid according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5-1, wherein the persulfate is potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate or ammonium persulfate.
The polymer thickening agent is formed by mixing an inverse microemulsion system and a surfactant, wherein the mass of the surfactant is 5-10% of that of the inverse microemulsion system;
the reverse microemulsion system is obtained by the following reaction of substances in percentage by mass: 3-5% of emulsifier, 40-42% of solvent oil, 1-5% of lipophilic propenyl monomer, 10-20% of hydrophilic propenyl monomer, 32.5-37.5% of water, 0.25-0.45% of initiator and 0.05% of polymerization inhibitor.
The tensile strength of the degradable fiber is 6-8MPa, and the density is 1.10-1.25g/cm3The length is 3-5mm, and the diameter is 10-20 μm.
The degradable fiber is polyvinyl acetal fiber, and the specific preparation process is as follows: (1) melting polyvinyl acetal at 95 ℃; (2) horizontal spinning and forming at 61 ℃; (3) drafting with guide roller at 25 deg.C; (4) hot-wet drawing at 76 ℃; (5) drying at 105 ℃ for 1 hour; (6) drying at 160 ℃ for 1 hour; (7) drying at 200 deg.C for 1 hr; (8) dry heat drawing at 235 ℃; (9) heat setting at 240 deg.c; (10) cooling at normal temperature; (11) winding, cutting and packaging.
The hydrophilic propenyl monomer is acrylamide, methacrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, hydroxymethyl acrylamide, acrylic acid or sodium methylacrylsulfonate;
the surfactant is secondary alkyl sodium sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, secondary alkyl sodium sulfate, alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate, succinic acid alkyl ester sodium sulfonate sodium sulfamate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or coconut oil diethanolamide;
the lipophilic allyl monomer is methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate or butyl acrylate, the emulsifier is a mixture of sorbitan fatty acid ester and polysorbate, the solvent oil is benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil or white oil, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate.
The preparation method of the polymer thickener comprises the following steps:
step 1) preparation of an inverse microemulsion system:
(1) preparation of oil phase: adding the emulsifier and the solvent oil in the formula amount into a reactor, fully stirring, dissolving and dispersing uniformly to form an oil phase, and adding the lipophilic propenyl monomer in the formula amount into the oil phase;
(2) preparation of the aqueous phase: dissolving a formula amount of hydrophilic propenyl monomer in a formula amount of water, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 8-9 to form a water phase, wherein the sodium hydroxide solution is a 40% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution;
(3) the monomer polymerization process comprises the following steps: dripping the water phase into the oil phase, stirring uniformly, fully emulsifying for 30min under the condition that the stirring speed is 1000 r/min, then keeping the stirring speed at 300 r/min, adding the initiator with the formula amount in several times under the condition of introducing nitrogen gas for protection, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃, reacting for 48h, cooling, and then adding the polymerization inhibitor with the formula amount to obtain an inverse microemulsion system;
and 2) mixing the prepared reverse microemulsion system with a surfactant to obtain the polymer thickening agent, wherein the dosage of the surfactant is 5-10% of the mass of the reverse microemulsion system.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fiber fracturing fluid, which comprises the steps of adding 0.1-0.25 part by weight of polymer thickening agent into 100 parts by weight of water, stirring for 10-15min to obtain a polymer thickening agent aqueous solution, adding 0.01 part by weight of gel breaker into the polymer thickening agent aqueous solution, adding 0.3-1.2 parts by weight of low-temperature degradable fiber, and stirring for 10min to obtain the fiber fracturing fluid.
The application of the fiber fracturing fluid is used for fracturing medium and low temperature reservoir stratum, and the temperature of the medium and low temperature reservoir stratum is lower than 70 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the fiber used in the invention has good dispersibility, can be completely degraded at the temperature of a medium-low temperature reservoir, is insoluble at the temperature lower than the reservoir temperature, does not influence the construction, improves the sand suspension property of the fracturing fluid, and has good compatibility with other additives; has good static/dynamic sand carrying performance and rheological performance, the degradation rate is only 0.15-1.51% at 50 ℃ in 24 hours, and the degradation rate reaches 99.05% at 60 ℃ in 24 hours. Not only meets the requirement of construction strength, but also is quickly degraded after construction.
The following will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a rheological profile for a fiber-free fracturing fluid used in fracturing a medium and low temperature reservoir;
FIG. 2 is a rheological curve of a fiber fracturing fluid (0.5 parts degraded fiber) for medium and low temperature reservoir fracturing;
FIG. 3 is a graph of static sand suspension experiments for fracturing fluids at different fiber addition levels.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fiber fracturing fluid which comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.1-0.25 part of polymer thickening agent, 0.01 part of gel breaker and 0.3-1.2 parts of degradation fiber.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a fiber fracturing fluid which comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.1 part of polymer thickening agent, 0.01 part of gel breaker and 0.3 part of degradation fiber.
The preparation process comprises the following steps: under the condition of stirring, adding 0.1 part of polymer thickening agent into 100 parts by weight of water, and then stirring for 20min to obtain a polymer thickening agent water solution; adding 0.01 part of gel breaker into the aqueous solution of the polymer thickening agent under the condition of stirring to obtain polymer fracturing fluid; and adding 0.3 part by weight of degradable fibers into the polymer fracturing fluid, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the fiber fracturing fluid.
In this example, the degraded fiber was a polyvinyl acetal fiber (tensile strength 6MPa, true density 1.10 g/cm)33mm in length and 10 μm in diameter); the gel breaker is ammonium persulfate-ascorbic acid (mass ratio of 1: 0.5).
The specific preparation process of the polyvinyl acetal fiber is as follows: (1) melting polyvinyl acetal at 95 ℃; (2) horizontal spinning and forming at 61 ℃; (3) drafting with guide roller at 25 deg.C; (4) hot-wet drawing at 76 ℃; (5) drying at 105 ℃ for 1 hour; (6) drying at 160 ℃ for 1 hour; (7) drying at 200 deg.C for 1 hr; (8) dry heat drawing at 235 ℃; (9) heat setting at 240 deg.c; (10) cooling at normal temperature; (11) winding, cutting and packaging.
The polymer thickening agent is formed by mixing an inverse microemulsion system and a surfactant, wherein the mass of the surfactant is 5-10% of that of the inverse microemulsion system;
the reverse microemulsion system is obtained by the following reaction of substances in percentage by mass: 3-5% of emulsifier, 40-42% of solvent oil, 1-5% of lipophilic propenyl monomer, 10-20% of hydrophilic propenyl monomer, 32.5-37.5% of water, 0.25-0.45% of initiator and 0.05% of polymerization inhibitor.
The preparation method of the polymer thickener comprises the following steps:
step 1) preparation of an inverse microemulsion system:
(1) preparation of oil phase: adding the emulsifier and the solvent oil in the formula amount into a reactor, fully stirring, dissolving and dispersing uniformly to form an oil phase, and adding the lipophilic propenyl monomer in the formula amount into the oil phase;
(2) preparation of the aqueous phase: dissolving a formula amount of hydrophilic propenyl monomer in a formula amount of water, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 8-9 to form a water phase, wherein the sodium hydroxide solution is a 40% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution;
(3) the monomer polymerization process comprises the following steps: dripping the water phase into the oil phase, stirring uniformly, fully emulsifying for 30min under the condition that the stirring speed is 1000 r/min, then keeping the stirring speed at 300 r/min, adding the initiator with the formula amount in several times under the condition of introducing nitrogen gas for protection, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃, reacting for 48h, cooling, and then adding the polymerization inhibitor with the formula amount to obtain an inverse microemulsion system;
and 2) mixing the prepared reverse microemulsion system with a surfactant to obtain the polymer thickening agent, wherein the dosage of the surfactant is 5-10% of the mass of the reverse microemulsion system.
The surfactant is secondary alkyl sodium sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, secondary alkyl sodium sulfate, alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate, succinic acid alkyl ester sodium sulfonate sodium sulfamate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or coconut oil diethanol amide.
The hydrophilic propenyl monomer is acrylamide, methacrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, hydroxymethyl acrylamide, acrylic acid or sodium methylacrylsulfonate;
the lipophilic allyl monomer is methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate or butyl acrylate, the emulsifier is a mixture of sorbitan fatty acid ester and polysorbate, the solvent oil is benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil or white oil, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate.
Example 2:
on the basis of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a fiber fracturing fluid, which includes the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.2 part of polymer thickening agent, 0.01 part of gel breaker and 0.5 part of degradable fiber.
The preparation process comprises the following steps: adding 0.2 part of polymer thickening agent into 100 parts of water by weight under the condition of stirring, and then stirring for 20min to obtain a polymer thickening agent water solution; adding 0.01 part of gel breaker into the aqueous solution of the polymer thickening agent under the condition of stirring to obtain polymer fracturing fluid; and adding 0.5 part by weight of degradable fibers into the polymer fracturing fluid, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the fiber fracturing fluid.
In this implementationIn the examples, the degraded fibers were polyvinyl acetal fibers (tensile strength 6MPa, true density 1.10 g/cm)33mm in length and 10 μm in diameter), the preparation process is described in example 1; the gel breaker is ammonium persulfate-ascorbic acid (mass ratio is 1: 1).
The procedure for the preparation of the polymer thickener is described in example 1. Wherein, the mass of the surfactant is 5 percent of that of the reversed microemulsion system; the reverse microemulsion system is obtained by the following reaction of substances in percentage by mass: 3% of emulsifier, 40% of solvent oil, 3% of lipophilic propenyl monomer, 17% of hydrophilic propenyl monomer, 32.7% of water, 0.25% of initiator and 0.05% of polymerization inhibitor.
The surfactant is secondary alkyl sodium sulfonate, the hydrophilic propenyl monomer is acrylamide, the lipophilic propenyl monomer is methyl acrylate, the emulsifier is a mixture of sorbitan fatty acid ester and polysorbate, the solvent oil is benzene, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate.
Example 3:
on the basis of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a fiber fracturing fluid, which includes the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.1 part of polymer thickening agent, 0.01 part of gel breaker and 1.2 parts of degradable fiber.
The preparation process comprises the following steps: under the condition of stirring, adding 0.1 part of polymer thickening agent into 100 parts by weight of water, and then stirring for 20min to obtain a polymer thickening agent water solution; adding 0.01 part of gel breaker into the aqueous solution of the polymer thickening agent under the condition of stirring to obtain polymer fracturing fluid; and adding 1.2 parts by weight of degradable fibers into the polymer fracturing fluid, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the fiber fracturing fluid.
In this example, the degraded fiber was a polyvinyl acetal fiber (tensile strength 6MPa, true density 1.10 g/cm)33mm in length and 10 μm in diameter), the preparation process is described in example 1; the gel breaker is ammonium persulfate-ascorbic acid (mass ratio of 1: 0.5).
The procedure for the preparation of the polymer thickener is described in example 1. Wherein, the mass of the surfactant is 10 percent of that of the reversed microemulsion system; the reverse microemulsion system is obtained by the following reaction of substances in percentage by mass: 5% of emulsifier, 42% of solvent oil, 5% of lipophilic propenyl monomer, 10% of hydrophilic propenyl monomer, 37.5% of water, 0.45% of initiator and 0.05% of polymerization inhibitor.
The surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate, the hydrophilic propenyl monomer is methacrylamide, the lipophilic propenyl monomer is methyl methacrylate, the emulsifier is a mixture of sorbitan fatty acid ester and polysorbate, the solvent oil is white oil, and the initiator is potassium persulfate.
Example 4:
on the basis of the previous embodiment, the embodiment provides the application of the fiber fracturing fluid for fracturing medium and low temperature reservoirs, wherein the medium and low temperature reservoirs are at the temperature of less than 70 ℃.
The degradation properties of the degraded fibers (polyvinyl acetal fibers) were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As is clear from Table 1, the polyvinyl acetal fibers showed a degradation rate of only 0.15 to 1.51% at 50 ℃ for 24 hours and a degradation rate of 99.05% at 60 ℃ for 24 hours. Not only meets the requirement of construction strength, but also is quickly degraded after construction.
The dispersion properties of the degraded fibers (polyvinyl acetal fibers) were evaluated.
Dispersibility evaluation method: 1000mL of polymer thickener solution, 30g of fiber sample is added, mechanically stirred at 300rpm for 2min, and after standing for 2h, the top 100mL of sample # 1 is poured out, 400mL is poured out, 100mL of sample # 2 is poured out, 200mL is poured out, and the last 100mL of sample # 3 is poured out. Putting the No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 samples into a centrifuge, centrifuging at 3000rpm for 30min, discarding the supernatant, and drying the samples at 105 ℃ to constant weight.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the fiber distribution of each layer section in the fiber test tube is uniform, the dispersibility is good, and the requirements of site construction are met.
Fig. 2 and 1 are the comparison of the rheological curves of the fiber fracturing fluid and the fiber-free fracturing fluid for reservoir fracturing respectively. The conclusion is that the fiber fracturing fluid can obviously improve the sand suspension of the fracturing fluid and has good rheological property.
Fig. 3 is a static sand suspension experimental graph of fracturing fluids with different fiber addition amounts, wherein the addition amounts of degradable fibers from left to right in the graph are 0%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.1% and 1.4% in sequence, and experimental results show that the fiber fracturing fluid has good static/dynamic sand carrying performance. Wherein, the addition amount of the degradation fiber refers to the mass percentage of the degradation fiber in water.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention. The parts of the embodiment not specifically described are all common general knowledge and common knowledge in the art, and are not described in detail herein.
Claims (8)
1. The fiber fracturing fluid is characterized by comprising the following substances in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.1-0.25 part of polymer thickening agent, 0.01 part of gel breaker and 0.3-1.2 parts of degradation fiber;
the polymer thickening agent is formed by mixing an inverse microemulsion system and a surfactant, wherein the mass of the surfactant is 5-10% of that of the inverse microemulsion system;
the reverse microemulsion system is obtained by the following reaction of substances in percentage by mass: 3-5% of emulsifier, 40-42% of solvent oil, 1-5% of lipophilic propenyl monomer, 10-20% of hydrophilic propenyl monomer, 32.5-37.5% of water, 0.25-0.45% of initiator and 0.05% of polymerization inhibitor.
2. A fiber fracturing fluid according to claim 1, wherein: the gel breaker is prepared from a persulfate and ascorbic acid according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5-1, wherein the persulfate is potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate or ammonium persulfate.
3. A fiber fracturing fluid according to claim 1, wherein: the tensile strength of the degradable fiber is 6-8MPa, and the density is 1.10-1.25g/cm3The length is 3-5mm, and the diameter is 10-20 μm.
4. A fiber fracturing fluid according to claim 1, wherein: the degradable fiber is polyvinyl acetal fiber, and the specific preparation process is as follows: (1) melting polyvinyl acetal at 95 ℃; (2) horizontal spinning and forming at 61 ℃; (3) drafting with guide roller at 25 deg.C; (4) hot-wet drawing at 76 ℃; (5) drying at 105 ℃ for 1 hour; (6) drying at 160 ℃ for 1 hour; (7) drying at 200 deg.C for 1 hr; (8) dry heat drawing at 235 ℃; (9) heat setting at 240 deg.c; (10) cooling at normal temperature; (11) winding, cutting and packaging.
5. A fiber fracturing fluid according to claim 1, wherein: the hydrophilic propenyl monomer is acrylamide, methacrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, hydroxymethyl acrylamide, acrylic acid or sodium methylacrylsulfonate;
the surfactant is secondary alkyl sodium sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, secondary alkyl sodium sulfate, alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate, succinic acid alkyl ester sodium sulfonate sodium sulfamate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or coconut oil diethanolamide;
the lipophilic allyl monomer is methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate or butyl acrylate, the emulsifier is a mixture of sorbitan fatty acid ester and polysorbate, the solvent oil is benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil or white oil, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate.
6. A fibre fracturing fluid according to claim 1 or 5, wherein: the preparation method of the polymer thickener comprises the following steps:
step 1) preparation of an inverse microemulsion system:
(1) preparation of oil phase: adding the emulsifier and the solvent oil in the formula amount into a reactor, fully stirring, dissolving and dispersing uniformly to form an oil phase, and adding the lipophilic propenyl monomer in the formula amount into the oil phase;
(2) preparation of the aqueous phase: dissolving a formula amount of hydrophilic propenyl monomer in a formula amount of water, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 8-9 to form a water phase, wherein the sodium hydroxide solution is a 40% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution;
(3) the monomer polymerization process comprises the following steps: dripping the water phase into the oil phase, stirring uniformly, fully emulsifying for 30min under the condition that the stirring speed is 1000 r/min, then keeping the stirring speed at 300 r/min, adding the initiator with the formula amount in several times under the condition of introducing nitrogen gas for protection, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃, reacting for 48h, cooling, and then adding the polymerization inhibitor with the formula amount to obtain an inverse microemulsion system;
and 2) mixing the prepared reverse microemulsion system with a surfactant to obtain the polymer thickening agent, wherein the dosage of the surfactant is 5-10% of the mass of the reverse microemulsion system.
7. The method for preparing a fiber fracturing fluid according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: adding 0.1-0.25 part by weight of polymer thickening agent into 100 parts by weight of water, stirring for 10-15min to obtain a polymer thickening agent aqueous solution, adding 0.01 part by weight of gel breaker into the polymer thickening agent aqueous solution, adding 0.3-1.2 parts by weight of degradable fiber, and stirring for 10min to obtain the fiber fracturing fluid.
8. Use of a fibre fracturing fluid according to claim 1, wherein: the fracturing fluid is used for fracturing medium and low temperature reservoirs, and the temperature of the medium and low temperature reservoirs is lower than 70 ℃.
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| CN113444512B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2022-12-09 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Self-breaking fiber fracturing fluid and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115875004B (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-05-09 | 陕西中立合创能源科技有限责任公司 | Fracturing method for improving salt resistance and temperature resistance of oil and gas well |
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