CN113442526A - 一种自修复防弹复合板材及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种自修复防弹复合板材及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN113442526A
CN113442526A CN202110652775.7A CN202110652775A CN113442526A CN 113442526 A CN113442526 A CN 113442526A CN 202110652775 A CN202110652775 A CN 202110652775A CN 113442526 A CN113442526 A CN 113442526A
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self
bulletproof
repairing
layer
shear thickening
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解廷秀
张宇
纽瑞祎
宋启海
王亚南
张加加
高小林
王莉娜
王龙生
宋维广
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Shang Hai Yinai New Material Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种自修复防弹复合板材及其制造方法，所述的自修复防弹复合板材包括自修复防弹层，所述的自修复防弹层包括壳体，壳体内填充自修复材料，所述的自修复材料由陶瓷球和剪切增稠液体组成。本发明的自修复防弹层在受到子弹冲击时，自修复防弹层内部剪切增稠液体瞬间变得强韧无比，将陶瓷球固定，并且能将冲击力迅速分散开来，内部的高强陶瓷球受到冲击，部分碎裂，进而吸收能量，起到防弹的作用。在首次防弹过程中，自修复防弹层受到冲击，部分陶瓷球受到冲击挤压而碎裂，出现缺陷，但在失去冲击后，剪切增稠液体恢复粘性，带动剩余完好陶瓷球填充修复缺陷，实现了自修复。

Description

一种自修复防弹复合板材及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及防弹领域，具体涉及一种自修复防弹复合板材及其制造方法。
背景技术
自上个世纪九十年代后期，高强度陶瓷由于其高强质轻的优点，逐渐取代金属材料，成为了防弹装备的首选材料。其防弹机理主要是高速运动的子弹在遇到防弹插板时，产生高压导致防弹插板中陶瓷板通过粉碎和断裂来吸收能量，在此过程中，陶瓷板由于受到子弹的压应力过大而发生变形、钝化，甚至破裂，达到防弹效果，实现了比金属材料更加有效的防护。然而，此种通过陶瓷板结构粉碎达到的防弹效果使防弹插板失去了后续防护性能，因而在某些紧急事件的应用过程中，无法对作战人员达到更好的保护。
发明内容
有鉴于此，为了更好地保护我军作战人员，解决实战过程中由于陶瓷插板首次防弹后碎裂而使防弹装备失去防护性能的问题，通过合理的结构设计，本发明了的目的在于：提供一种自修复防弹复合板材及其制造方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种自修复防弹复合板材，包括自修复防弹层，所述的自修复防弹层包括壳体，壳体内填充自修复材料，所述的自修复材料由陶瓷球和剪切增稠液体组成。
优选地，所述的自修复防弹复合板材还包括包覆层和防弹背层，所述的自修复防弹层设置在包覆层和防弹背层之间。
优选地，所述的陶瓷球为氧化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、氮化硅、氧化锆、氮化钛、氮化铝、石英中的一种或多种的组合体；所述的陶瓷球的粒径为0.01～100mm。
优选地，所述的剪切增稠液体包括有机溶剂和无机粒子，所述的剪切增稠液体中有机溶剂的重量份数为50～99％。
优选地，所述的有机溶剂为多醇类单体或多醇类单体低聚物中的一种或多种；所述的多醇类单体为甘油、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、戊二醇中的一种或多种；所述的多醇类单体低聚物为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇中的一种或两种混合物，所述的多醇类单体低聚物的分子量为100～3000g/mol。
优选地，所述的无机粒子为二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化铝、氧化镁、碳酸钙中的一种或多种，粒径为1nm～1000nm。
优选地，所述的剪切增稠液体还包括些表面处理剂，所述的表面处理剂为硅烷偶联剂，硅烷偶联剂使用量为无机粒子的0.1～5％。
优选地，所述的剪切增稠液体的制备方法如下：
将有机溶剂倒入烧杯中，加入搅拌子，并放入到磁力搅拌器中；
打开磁力搅拌器，将无机粒子和表面处理剂缓慢加入至烧杯中；
将烧杯放入超声波清洗器进行震荡，至混合液体澄清无气泡即得剪切增稠液体；
其中，磁力搅拌器的搅拌速度可设置为1500-2000r/min；超声波清洗器的功率为100-120W。
优选地，所述的壳体为金属壳体或纤维和树脂组成的复合材料壳体。
优选地，所述的防弹背层由防弹纤维和树脂热压制成，树脂占防弹背层的质量百分数小于30％。
优选地，所述的防弹纤维为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、PBO纤维中的一种或多种。
上述自修复防弹复合板材的制造方法，具体步骤如下：
S1：准备包覆层
机械切割包覆层至所需尺寸；
S2：准备防弹背层
机械切割防弹背层至所需尺寸；
S3：制备自修复防弹层：
将陶瓷球均匀填充到壳体中，然后将剪切增稠液体灌注到壳体中，使剪切增稠液体填充到陶瓷球间的空隙中，然后密封壳体，得到自修复防弹层；
S4：通过胶粘剂将包覆层、自修复防弹层、防弹背层、包覆层组合在一起。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明的自修复防弹层在受到子弹冲击时，自修复防弹层内部剪切增稠液体瞬间变得强韧无比，将陶瓷球固定，并且能将冲击力迅速分散开来，内部的高强陶瓷球受到冲击，部分碎裂，进而吸收能量，起到防弹的作用。在首次防弹过程中，自修复防弹层受到冲击，部分陶瓷球受到冲击挤压而碎裂，出现缺陷，但在失去冲击后，剪切增稠液体恢复粘性，带动剩余完好陶瓷球填充修复缺陷，实现了自修复。在受到初次破坏后，仍具有较好的防弹性能。不像单纯的陶瓷防弹材料在受到弹体冲击破坏后，丧失防弹性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
附图标记：10-自修复防弹复合板材；11-包覆层，12-自修复防弹层，13-防弹背层。
具体实施例
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地说明，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种自修复防弹复合板材，包括自修复防弹层，所述的自修复防弹层包括壳体，壳体内填充自修复材料，所述的自修复材料由陶瓷球和剪切增稠液体组成。
优选地，所述的自修复防弹复合板材还包括包覆层和防弹背层，所述的自修复防弹层设置在包覆层和防弹背层之间。
具体地，所述的陶瓷球为氧化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、氮化硅、氧化锆、氮化钛、氮化铝、石英中的一种或多种的组合体；所述的陶瓷球的粒径为0.01～100mm，优选为0.1～50mm,更优选为0.2～20mm。
具体地，所述的剪切增稠液体包括有机溶剂和无机粒子，所述的剪切增稠液体中有机溶剂的重量份数为50～99％，优选60～95％，更优选70～90％。
具体地，所述的有机溶剂为多醇类单体或多醇类单体低聚物中的一种或多种；优选地，所述的多醇类单体为甘油、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、戊二醇中的一种或多种；所述的多醇类单体低聚物为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇中的一种或两种混合物，所述的多醇类单体低聚物的分子量为100～3000g/mol，优选150～2000g/mol。
具体地，所述的无机粒子为二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化铝、氧化镁、碳酸钙中的一种或多种，粒径为1nm～1000nm，优选10～200nm。
优选地，所述的剪切增稠液体还包括些表面处理剂，所述的表面处理剂为硅烷偶联剂，硅烷偶联剂使用量为无机粒子的0.1～5％，优选0.2～1％。
实施例1
如图1所示：一种自修复防弹复合板材，其结构形式为包覆层+自修复防弹层+防弹背层+包覆层(厚度为2mm+10mm+8mm+2mm)；
自修复防弹层包括壳体，壳体内填充自修复材料，自修复材料由陶瓷球和剪切增稠液体组成。
其中，陶瓷球为氧化铝和碳化硅按照质量比为1：1组成，陶瓷球的粒径为0.2～20mm；所述的剪切增稠液体包括有机溶剂和无机粒子，所述的剪切增稠液体中有机溶剂的重量份数为70％，所述的有机溶剂为甘油，无机粒子为二氧化硅和二氧化钛(质量比为1：1)，粒径为80-120nm。
所述的剪切增稠液体的制备方法如下：
将有机溶剂倒入烧杯中，加入搅拌子，并放入到磁力搅拌器中；
打开磁力搅拌器，将无机粒子缓慢加入至烧杯中；
将烧杯放入超声波清洗器进行震荡，至混合液体澄清无气泡即得剪切增稠液体；
其中，磁力搅拌器的搅拌速度可设置为1500r/min；超声波清洗器的功率为100W。
防弹背层由防弹纤维和树脂热压制成，树脂占防弹背层的质量百分数小于30％，所述的防弹纤维为超高分子量的聚乙烯纤维(分子量高于100万)。
上述自修复防弹复合板材的制造方法，具体步骤如下：
S1：准备包覆层
机械切割包覆层至所需尺寸；
S2：准备防弹背层
机械切割防弹背层至所需尺寸；
S3：制备自修复防弹层：
将陶瓷球均匀填充到壳体中，然后将剪切增稠液体灌注到壳体中，使剪切增稠液体填充到陶瓷球间的空隙中，然后密封，得到自修复防弹层；
S4：通过胶粘剂将包覆层、自修复防弹层、防弹背层、包覆层组合在一起。
实施例2
一种自修复防弹复合板材，其结构形式为包覆层+自修复防弹层+防弹背层+包覆层(厚度为2mm+10mm+8mm+2mm)；
自修复防弹层包括壳体，壳体内填充自修复材料，自修复材料由陶瓷球和剪切增稠液体组成。
其中，陶瓷球为氮化钛和氮化铝按照质量比为1：2组成，陶瓷球的粒径为0.2～20mm；所述的剪切增稠液体包括有机溶剂和无机粒子，所述的剪切增稠液体中有机溶剂的重量份数为80％，所述的有机溶剂为聚乙二醇(分子量为1000-1500g/mol)，无机粒子为二氧化硅，粒径为80-120nm。
所述的剪切增稠液体的制备方法如下：
将有机溶剂倒入烧杯中，加入搅拌子，并放入到磁力搅拌器中；
打开磁力搅拌器，将无机粒子缓慢加入至烧杯中；
将烧杯放入超声波清洗器进行震荡，至混合液体澄清无气泡即得剪切增稠液体；
其中，磁力搅拌器的搅拌速度可设置为1800r/min；超声波清洗器的功率为110W。
防弹背层由防弹纤维和树脂热压制成，树脂占防弹背层的质量百分数小于30％，防弹纤维为超高分子量PBO纤维，防弹纤维的分子量高于100万。
上述自修复防弹复合板材的制造方法，具体步骤如下：
S1：准备包覆层
机械切割包覆层至所需尺寸；
S2：准备防弹背层
机械切割防弹背层至所需尺寸；
S3：制备自修复防弹层
将陶瓷球均匀填充到壳体中，然后将剪切增稠液体灌注到壳体中，使剪切增稠液体填充到陶瓷球间的空隙中，然后密封，得到自修复防弹层；
S4：通过胶粘剂将包覆层、自修复防弹层、防弹背层、包覆层组合在一起。
实施例3
一种自修复防弹复合板材，其结构形式为包覆层+自修复防弹层+防弹背层+包覆层(厚度为2mm+10mm+10mm+2mm)；
自修复防弹层包括壳体，壳体内填充自修复材料，自修复材料由陶瓷球和剪切增稠液体组成。
其中，陶瓷球为碳化硼、氮化硅、氧化锆、石英按照质量比为1：1：1：1组成，陶瓷球的粒径为0.2～20mm；所述的剪切增稠液体包括有机溶剂、无机粒子和表面处理剂，所述的剪切增稠液体中有机溶剂的重量份数为90％，所述的有机溶剂为聚丙二醇(分子量为1000-1500g/mol)，无机粒子为二氧化钛和三氧化铝(质量比为1：2，粒径为80-120nm)，所述的表面处理剂为硅烷偶联剂，硅烷偶联剂使用量为无机粒子的0.8％。
所述的剪切增稠液体的制备方法如下：
将有机溶剂倒入烧杯中，加入搅拌子，并放入到磁力搅拌器中；
打开磁力搅拌器，将无机粒子和表面处理剂缓慢加入至烧杯中；
将烧杯放入超声波清洗器进行震荡，至混合液体澄清无气泡即得剪切增稠液体；
其中，磁力搅拌器的搅拌速度可设置为2000r/min；超声波清洗器的功率为120W。
防弹背层由防弹纤维和树脂热压制成，树脂占防弹背层的质量百分数小于30％，防弹纤维为Kevlar149纤维，
上述自修复防弹复合板材的制造方法，具体步骤如下：
S1：准备包覆层
机械切割包覆层至所需尺寸；
S2：准备防弹背层
机械切割防弹背层至所需尺寸；
S3：制备自修复防弹层
将陶瓷球均匀填充到壳体中，然后将剪切增稠液体灌注到壳体中，使剪切增稠液体填充到陶瓷球间的空隙中，然后密封，得到自修复防弹层；
S4：通过胶粘剂将包覆层、自修复防弹层、防弹背层、包覆层组合在一起。
实施例1-3中的包覆层可以选择金属材质，例如：钢、铝、镁、等金属材料及其合金材料；也可以选择纤维和树脂复合材质，例如：玻璃纤维或碳纤维增强的环氧树脂或不饱和树脂(可以直接购买得到，购买时选用此种材料组成就可以了)。
实施例1-3中的壳体可以选择金属材质，例如：钢、铝、镁、等金属材料及其合金材料；也可以选择纤维和树脂复合材质，例如：玻璃纤维或碳纤维增强的环氧树脂或不饱和树脂(可以直接购买得到，购买时选用此种材料组成就可以了)。
实施例1-3中的壳体一面是敞开的，当向壳体中注入陶瓷微球和剪切增稠液体后，对于敞开的一面进行密封(敞开处盖上盖板进行密封)，对于金属材质而言盖板可以通过焊接进行密封，对于纤维和树脂复合材质而言盖板可以直接由胶黏剂粘结在敞开处。
对比例1
与实施例1相比较，自修复防弹层不同，其他内容相同，不同点如下：
自修复防弹层包括壳体，壳体内填充陶瓷球。
其中，壳体为金属壳体；陶瓷球为氧化铝和碳化硅按照质量比为1：1组成，陶瓷球的粒径为0.2～20mm。
自修复防弹层制备方法如下：
将陶瓷球均匀填充到壳体中，然后密封，得到自修复防弹层。
对比例2
与实施例1相比较，除了自修复防弹层的厚度不同外，其他内容相同，不同点如下：其结构形式为包覆层+自修复防弹层+防弹背层+包覆层(厚度为2mm+15mm+8mm+2mm)；
防弹测试
防弹测试方法：将复合板材(长为800mm，宽为800mm)，固定在支架上，用95式5.8mm自动步枪在15米处发射3发初速度为(920±10)m/s的87是5.8mm普通弹，弹着点：中心位置3点，弹间距为150mm，测试结果如下表所示：
Figure BDA0003112352210000101
Figure BDA0003112352210000111
从以上数据结果可以看出：
本发明的自修复防弹复合板材的防弹性能好，从实施例1和对比例2可以看出：当自修复防弹层越厚，防弹性能越好；从实施例1和对比例1可以看出：自修复防弹层的壳体中不添加剪切增稠液体，防弹性能变差。
尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (12)

1.一种自修复防弹复合板材，其特征在于：包括自修复防弹层，所述的自修复防弹层包括壳体，壳体内填充自修复材料，所述的自修复材料由陶瓷球和剪切增稠液体组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自修复防弹复合板材，其特征在于：所述的自修复防弹复合板材还包括包覆层和防弹背层，所述的自修复防弹层设置在包覆层和防弹背层之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自修复防弹复合板材，其特征在于：所述的陶瓷球为氧化铝、碳化硅、碳化硼、氮化硅、氧化锆、氮化钛、氮化铝、石英中的一种或多种的组合体；所述的陶瓷球的粒径为0.01～100mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自修复防弹复合板材，其特征在于：所述的剪切增稠液体包括有机溶剂和无机粒子，所述的剪切增稠液体中有机溶剂的重量份数为50～99％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的自修复防弹复合板材，其特征在于：所述的有机溶剂为多醇类单体或多醇类单体低聚物中的一种或多种；所述的多醇类单体为甘油、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、戊二醇中的一种或多种；所述的多醇类单体低聚物为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇中的一种或两种混合物，所述的多醇类单体低聚物的分子量为100～3000g/mol。
6.根据权利要求4所述的自修复防弹复合板材，其特征在于：所述的无机粒子为二氧化硅、二氧化钛、三氧化铝、氧化镁、碳酸钙中的一种或多种，粒径为1nm～1000nm。
7.根据权利要求4所述的自修复防弹复合板材，其特征在于：所述的剪切增稠液体还包括些表面处理剂，所述的表面处理剂为硅烷偶联剂，硅烷偶联剂使用量为无机粒子的0.1～5％。
8.根据权利要求7所述的自修复防弹复合板材，其特征在于：所述的剪切增稠液体的制备方法如下：
将有机溶剂倒入烧杯中，加入搅拌子，并放入到磁力搅拌器中；
打开磁力搅拌器，将无机粒子和表面处理剂缓慢加入至烧杯中；
将烧杯放入超声波清洗器进行震荡，至混合液体澄清无气泡即得剪切增稠液体；
其中，磁力搅拌器的搅拌速度可设置为1500-2000r/min；超声波清洗器的功率为100-120W。
9.根据权利要求1所述的自修复防弹复合板材，其特征在于：所述的壳体为金属壳体或纤维和树脂组成的复合材料壳体。
10.根据权利要求2所述的自修复防弹复合板材，其特征在于：所述的防弹背层由防弹纤维和树脂热压制成，树脂占防弹背层的质量百分数小于30％。
11.根据权利要求10所述的自修复防弹复合板材，其特征在于：所述的防弹纤维为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、PBO纤维中的一种或多种。
12.一种自修复防弹复合板材的制造方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
S1：准备包覆层
机械切割包覆层至所需尺寸；
S2：准备防弹背层
机械切割防弹背层至所需尺寸；
S3：制备自修复防弹层：
将陶瓷球均匀填充到壳体中，然后将剪切增稠液体灌注到壳体中，使剪切增稠液体填充到陶瓷球间的空隙中，然后密封壳体，得到自修复防弹层；
S4：通过胶粘剂将包覆层、自修复防弹层、防弹背层、包覆层组合在一起。
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