CN113442337A

CN113442337A - Cotton field machine is received incomplete membrane mixture separator

Info

Publication number: CN113442337A
Application number: CN202010220105.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张佳; 赵辉; 王飞; 王宏
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-03-25
Filing date: 2020-03-25
Publication date: 2021-09-28

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a cotton field machine residual film collecting mixture separating device which comprises a rack and a separating device arranged on the rack, wherein the separating device comprises a separating roller which is obliquely arranged along the horizontal direction, the separating roller can rotate along the central axis of the separating roller, the separating device also comprises a film conveying device, the film conveying device comprises a barrel, the barrel is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the separating roller and is coaxially arranged with the separating roller, the separating device also comprises a blanking and cutting device, the blanking and cutting device is vertically arranged above the film conveying device, and the lower end of the blanking and cutting device extends into a material inlet of the film conveying device; still include the fan, the fan sets up in separation roller lower extreme opening part. The invention has novel structural design, can automatically and effectively separate the residual membranes, the soil and the straws in the residual membrane mixture, and has good separation effect and high efficiency.

Description

Cotton field machine is received incomplete membrane mixture separator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a separating device for a mixture of residual films collected by a cotton field machine.

Background

The total annual mulching film amount of the Xinjiang crops accounts for more than 70% of the total sowing area of the crops by 2019, the total annual mulching film amount reaches 25.5 ten thousand tons, and the long-term mulching film covering of the Xinjiang cotton fields causes the residual amount of the mulching film to be 260kg/hm²Left and right. In recent years, under the efforts of the wide technical workers, mechanization is carried outThe residual film recovery is an important way and an effective method for treating residual film pollution, the residual film collected by a machine has high impurity content, and the knotting is serious, namely, the strip-shaped or sheet-shaped flexible residual film is tightly wound and wrapped with strip-shaped wood straws, soil blocks and other impurities, the separation difficulty is high, and the residual film is treated by adopting a direct burning or landfill mode for a long time, so that the secondary pollution of the land and the environment is caused. Because the residual film in the residual film mixture can be reused for manufacturing plastic products such as polyethylene and the like, the straws can be made into feed, and if the straws can be well separated, the machine-harvested residual film and the regeneration treatment and the recycling of the straws can be realized.

The residual film mixture mainly becomes residual films, straws and adhered soil blocks, the separation method adopted at present is manual separation, the residual films are recovered by adopting a manual sorting and cleaning mode, and although certain benefits can be generated, the labor intensity is high, the working efficiency is low, the cost is high, and the popularization and the application cannot be realized, so that the research machine residual film collecting effective separation cleaning method and the mechanical device thereof are the core for realizing the regeneration treatment and the recycling of the machine residual film.

At present, few researchers for researching a separation device for a mixture of residual films collected by a machine exist, but some technical schemes are provided, such as a wind separation method is used for separation, the mixture of residual films and straws is crushed during separation, then the residual films are blown out by blowing, the mode is easy to blow out the straw powder and the residual films together, the impurity content rate after separation is too high, and soil blocks cannot be effectively separated; if a water washing method is used for separation, residual membranes and straw suspension force in liquid are different, and the residual membranes are recovered, but the mode is that the straws are not easy to recover, and the residual membranes and straw suspension force is unstable and the separation effect is common due to soil blocks mixed in the mixture when the liquid is turbid.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, adapt to the practical requirements and provide the cotton field machine residual film collecting mixture separating device which is novel in structural design and can automatically and effectively separate residual films, broken soil and straws from the residual film mixture.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the separation device comprises a rack and a separation device arranged on the rack, wherein the separation device comprises a separation roller which is obliquely arranged along the horizontal direction, the separation roller can rotate along the central axis of the separation roller, strip-shaped slotted holes which are axially oblique to the separation roller are formed in the circumference of the surface of the separation roller in an equally-divided manner, a spiral blade is arranged on the inner wall of the separation roller, and the width of the spiral blade is sequentially widened from top to bottom along the separation roller; the film conveying device comprises a barrel, the barrel is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the separation roller and is coaxially arranged with the separation roller, and the barrel comprises a feed inlet arranged above the end close to the separation roller and a discharge outlet arranged below the end far away from the separation roller; the film conveying device is characterized by also comprising a blanking and cutting device, wherein the blanking and cutting device is vertically arranged above the film conveying device, and the lower end of the blanking and cutting device extends into a feeding port of the film conveying device; still include the fan, the fan sets up in separation roller lower extreme opening part.

Preferably, the blanking and cutting device comprises a material section shell, a primary rolling mechanism, a belt clamping device and a cutting mechanism, wherein the belt clamping device is arranged above the primary rolling mechanism, and the cutting mechanism is arranged below the belt clamping device.

Preferably, the material section casing includes the portion of gathering materials, dissection portion and unloading portion, blooming mechanism includes that parallel and interval set up blooming roll I and blooming roll II in the dissection portion, and blooming roll I turns to opposite and the rotational speed the same with blooming roll II, the linear velocity direction of the looks proximal end of blooming roll I and blooming roll II is all downwards.

Preferably, smuggle the conveyer belt mechanism that the device includes two symmetries and sets up secretly, conveyer belt mechanism is including taking roller I, taking roller II, middle roller to and the conveyer belt on taking roller I, taking roller II and middle roller is located to the cover, and the interval is greater than two intervals between taking roller II between taking roller I on two conveyer belt mechanisms, two the close siding speed direction of conveyer belt on the conveyer belt mechanism is all downwards.

Preferably, the cutting mechanism includes a cutting knife and a cutting plate, the cutting knife penetrates into the blanking portion from the outer side of the blanking portion of the material section shell, the cutting mechanism further includes a cylinder, the end of a piston rod of the cylinder is connected with the tail of the cutting knife, and the cutting knife is driven to do reciprocating linear motion.

Preferably, the cross section of the primary roller I is in a quadrangle star shape, a pentagram star shape or a hexagon star shape.

Preferably, defeated membrane device's barrel one end is the opening, and the other end sets up a fender diaphragm, the through-hole has been seted up to the equipartition on the fender diaphragm, still includes lower feed cylinder, lower feed cylinder sets up in barrel discharge gate below.

Preferably, the separating device further comprises a separating motor, a ring gear is sleeved on the separating roller barrel, and the end part of an output shaft of the separating motor is connected with the ring gear in a matched mode through a gear.

Preferably, the blanking and cutting device further comprises a material section motor for driving the primary roller I and the belt roller I to rotate.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that: the residual film mixture is crushed and cut by the blanking and cutting device, then enters the barrel of the film conveying device and slides down to the separation roller, the separation roller rotates to roll the residual film mixture, the fan at the lower end of the separation roller blows the residual films in the rolled residual film mixture upwards along the separation roller and the barrel of the film conveying device, the spiral blades on the inner wall of the separation roller convey the straw sections downwards along the separation roller, and due to the fact that the inclined strip-shaped slotted holes are formed in the barrel wall of the separation roller, soil can fall from the slotted holes, and separation of the residual films, the straws and soil in the residual film mixture is completed.

Drawings

FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic structural diagrams of the present invention from different viewing angles;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the separation apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a film feeding device according to the present invention;

FIG. 5, FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are schematic structural views of the separation roller of the present invention;

fig. 8 and 9 are schematic structural views of different viewing angles of the blanking and cutting device in the invention;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the blanking and cutting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a shell of the material section of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the sectioning knife of the present invention.

In the figure: 100. a frame; 200. a fan; 300. a separation device; 310. separating the frame; 320. a separating roller; 321, a slot; 322. barrel surface; 323. a helical blade; 330. a ring gear; 340. a pedestal bearing; 400. separating the motor; 500. a blanking and cutting device; 510. a material section shell; 511. an aggregate part; 512. a cutting section; 513. a blanking part; 520. a primary roller I; 521. a belt wheel I; 522. a gear I; 530. an entrainment device; 531. a belt roller I; 532. intermediate rolls; 533. a belt roller II; 534. a conveyor belt; 535. a belt wheel II; 536. a gear III; 540. a cylinder; 550, cutting a section cutter; 560. cutting into sections; 570. a primary roller II; 571. a gear II; 580. a steering gear; 600. a material section motor; 700. a film conveying device; 710. a barrel; 720. a feed inlet; 730. a diaphragm plate; 740. a discharge port; feeding the material barrel 750; 800. a material section rack.

Detailed Description

In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following text is merely illustrative of one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of the invention as specifically claimed.

The specific features of the device for separating the mixture of the cotton field residual film are explained in detail as follows:

see fig. 1-2. The cotton field machine residual film collecting mixture separating device comprises a rack 100 and a separating device 300 arranged on the rack 100, wherein in a specific embodiment, the separating device 300 comprises a separating rack 310, the separating device 300 comprises a separating roller 320 obliquely arranged with the horizontal direction, in a specific embodiment, the angle of inclination of the separating roller 320 with the horizontal direction is 30-35 degrees, the included angle is too large, when the separating roller 320 rotates, the residual film mixture falls too fast, the residual film and the straws are not completely separated, the included angle is too small, the downward component force on the straws in the residual film mixture is small, and partial straws are easily blown out together with the residual film, so that the included angle range is optimal; the separation roller 320 is arranged on the separation frame 310 through a front bearing 340 and a rear bearing 340, the separation roller 320 can rotate along the central axis of the separation roller, preferably, the rotating speed of the separation roller 320 is 150-300 r/min, in a specific embodiment, the separation roller 320 is 500mm, the angle of inclination of the separation roller 320 and the horizontal direction is 30 degrees, and when the rotating speed of the separation roller is 210r/min, the dispersion effect of the residual membrane mixture in the separation roller 320 is the best; the circumference of the cylinder surface 322 of the separating roller is equally provided with strip-shaped slotted holes 321 which are axially inclined with the separating roller 320, preferably, the slotted holes 321 are rectangular structures, the inclined strip-shaped slotted holes 321 are beneficial to the broken soil in the residual film mixture to fall from the slotted holes, the inner wall of the separating roller 320 is provided with a helical blade 323, preferably, the width of the helical blade 323 is sequentially widened from top to bottom along the separating roller, the effect is that the wind power at the lower end of the separating roller is larger, the wider helical blade 323 can better convey the blades, in a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, when the separation roller rotates counterclockwise as viewed from the front right to the rear left of the separation roller, the spiral blade 323 has a left-handed structure, when the separating roller is 500mm, the width of the upper end helical blade 323 in the separating roller is 40-50 mm, and the width of the lower end helical blade is 60-75 mm, the straw conveying effect in the separating roller is best; in order to improve the separation efficiency, the invention also comprises a film conveying device 700, the film conveying device 700 is used for conveying the separated residual films to an opening at the upper end, the inside of the film conveying device 700 is not provided with helical blades, the wind power is relatively small, the straws cannot rise under the action of the wind power, the film conveying device 700 comprises a cylinder 710, the cylinder 710 is arranged at the opening at the upper end of the separation roller, the diameter of the cylinder 710 is the same as that of the separation roller, the cylinder 710 and the separation roller are coaxially arranged and form a certain gap with the separation roller, and the cylinder 710 comprises a feed inlet 720 arranged above the end of the separation roller and a discharge outlet 740 arranged below the end far away from the separation roller; the device comprises a plastic film residue conveying device 700, a blanking and cutting device 500, a plastic film residue separating device and a plastic film residue separating device, wherein the plastic film residue separating device is used for separating plastic film residues from the plastic film residue separating device, the plastic film residue separating device is used for separating plastic film residues, the plastic film residue is used for separating the plastic film residue, the plastic film residue is used for separating plastic film residue, the plastic film residue separating device 700, the plastic film residue is used for separating device 500, the plastic film residue is used for separating the plastic film residue, the plastic film residue is used for separating device for separating the plastic film residue, the plastic film residue is used for separating device 700, the plastic film residue is used for separating device 500, the plastic film residue is used for separating device for separating the plastic film residue is used for separating the plastic film residue, the plastic film residue is used for separating device 700, the plastic film residue is used for separating device 500, the plastic film residue is used for separating device 700, the plastic film residue is used for separating device 500, the plastic film residue is used for separating device 700, the plastic film residue is used for separating the plastic film residue, the plastic film residue is used for separating the plastic film residue, the plastic film residue is used for separating device 500, the plastic film residue is used for separating device 700, the plastic; the wind power separation device further comprises a fan 200, wherein the fan 200 is arranged at the opening at the lower end of the separation roller, in a specific embodiment, the fan 200 is arranged at the center of the opening at the lower end of the separation roller, and the wind power of the wind power can be adjusted.

The invention crushes and cuts the residual film mixture through the blanking and cutting device 500, then the residual film mixture enters the cylinder 710 of the film conveying device 700 and slides down to the separation roller, the separation roller rotates to roll the residual film mixture, in the process, because the mass of the residual film in the cut residual film mixture is obviously smaller than that of the straw section, the centripetal force applied to the residual film is smaller than that applied to the straw section along with the rotation of the separation roller, the residual film is more easily concentrated in the center of the separation roller, the fan 200 at the lower end of the separation roller blows up the residual film in the rolled residual film mixture along the separation roller and the cylinder 710 of the film conveying device 700, the straw section and the soil are closer to the inner wall of the separation roller under the centripetal force and gravity, the straw section is conveyed downwards along the separation roller by the helical blade at the inner wall of the separation roller, and the soil falls down from the slotted hole due to the inclined slotted hole arranged on the wall of the separation roller, the separation of the residual film, the straw and the crushed soil is realized.

Further, as shown in fig. 8 to 10, the blanking and cutting device 500 includes a material section housing 510, a blooming mechanism, an entrainment device 530, and a cutting mechanism, wherein the entrainment device 530 is disposed above the blooming mechanism, and the cutting mechanism is disposed below the entrainment device 530. The residual film straw mixture is preliminarily crushed through the preliminary binding mechanism, the mixed material after preliminary crushing is conveyed by the entrainment device 530, and finally, the mixture is cut by the cutting mechanism.

Further, as shown in fig. 9 to 10, material section casing 510 includes the portion of gathering materials 511, segmenting portion 512 and unloading portion 513, and the portion of gathering materials 511 is hourglass hopper-shaped for hold the incomplete membrane straw mixture of treating the separation, and segmenting portion both sides are the circular-arc structure of symmetry, and further, blooming mechanism includes that parallel and interval set up blooming roll I520 and blooming roll II 570 in segmenting portion, and blooming roll I520 turns to opposite and the rotational speed is the same with blooming roll II 570, the linear velocity direction of the looks proximal end of blooming roll I520 and blooming roll II 570 is all downward. Further, I520 of blooming roll is the same with II 570 structures of blooming roll, and the cross sectional shape of I520 of blooming roll is four corners star or pentagram or hexagonal star, and in this embodiment, the cross sectional shape of I520 of blooming roll is four corners star, and one corner of I520 of blooming roll is located the recess between II 570 two angles of blooming roll, not only can break the straw, can also smash the clod in the mixture, is convenient for subsequent straw dissection and hack separation.

Further, as shown in fig. 10, the entrainment device 530 includes two symmetrically disposed conveying belt mechanisms, each conveying belt mechanism includes belt rollers i 531, 533, an intermediate roller 532, and a conveying belt 534 sleeved on the belt rollers i 531, 533 and the intermediate roller 532, a distance between the belt rollers i 531 on the two conveying belt mechanisms is greater than a distance between the two rollers 533, belt surfaces close to each other on the two conveying belt mechanisms form a funnel-shaped cross section structure, and the speed directions of the adjacent lateral lines of the conveying belts 534 on the two conveying belt mechanisms are downward. Further, the conveyer belt mechanism still includes the spacer pin that sets up in dissection portion inner wall both sides for prevent the conveyer belt and the friction of dissection portion inner wall. Smuggle device 530 is used for pressing from both sides tight and at the uniform velocity the transport with preliminary broken incomplete membrane straw mixture, and the dissection mechanism of being convenient for carries out even dissection.

Further, as shown in fig. 10, the cutting mechanism includes a cutting blade 550 and a cutting plate 560, the cutting blade 550 penetrates into the blanking portion from the outer side of the blanking portion 513 of the material section housing 510, the cutting mechanism further includes a cylinder 540, and the end of a piston rod of the cylinder 540 is connected with the tail of the cutting blade 550 to drive the cutting blade to make reciprocating linear motion. The thickness of the cutting plate 560 is the same as the diameter of the cutting plate 533, an angular groove corresponding to the position of the cutting knife 550 is formed in the cutting plate 560, and when the residual film mixture falls down along with the conveying belt in uniform-speed conveying, the cutting knife 550 performs reciprocating linear motion to cut into sections.

Further, as shown in fig. 4, the end of the cylinder 710 of the film conveying device 700 close to the separation roller is open, the other end is provided with a film baffle 730, through holes are uniformly distributed on the film baffle 730, the film conveying device further comprises a discharging cylinder 750, and the discharging cylinder 750 is welded with the discharging hole 740 of the cylinder 710. In this embodiment, conveyor is fixed in work, and as the incomplete membrane in the separation roller blows to defeated membrane device barrel along with wind, the film blocking plate 730 intercepts incomplete membrane and falls to feed cylinder 750, and the through-hole of film blocking plate 730 is used for reducing the windage, places the membrane collection case under feed cylinder 750.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, the separating device 300 further includes a separating motor 400, a ring gear 330 is sleeved on the separating roller body, and an end of an output shaft of the separating motor 400 is connected with the ring gear 330 in a matching manner through a gear.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, 8, 9 and 10, the blanking and cutting device 500 further includes a segment motor 600 for driving the primary roller i 520 and the belt roller i 531 to rotate. In the scheme, a primary roller I520, a primary roller II 570, a belt roller I531, a belt roller II 535 and a middle roller 532 are all installed on a material section shell 510 through a belt bearing, one end of the primary roller I520 is provided with a belt wheel I521, one end of the belt roller I531 is provided with a belt wheel II 535, a material section motor 600 drives the belt wheel I521 and the belt wheel II 535 to rotate in a belt transmission mode, the other end of the primary roller I520 is provided with a gear I522, the other end of the primary roller II 570 is provided with a gear II 571, the gear I522 and the gear II 571 are transmitted through a steering gear 580 between the two, further, one end of 533 in the two conveying belt mechanisms is provided with a gear III 536, and the rotation of conveying belts in the two conveying belt mechanisms is realized.

Further, still include controller and the switch that is used for controlling separation motor 400, material section motor 600, fan 200 and cylinder 540 work, the controller realizes the control to separation motor 400 and the control of the rotational speed of material section motor 600 to and the control of the motion speed and the motion displacement volume of cylinder piston rod, and the controller that this scheme adopted belongs to prior art, does not describe herein.

The working principle and the process of the invention are as follows: placing the residual film and straw mixture in a material collecting part 511 of a blanking and segmenting device 500, turning on a power switch, adjusting the rotating speed of a separating motor 400 and a material segment motor 600, adjusting the wind power of a fan, rotating a primary roller I and a primary roller II 570 relatively, primarily rolling and crushing the residual film mixture, crushing soil blocks in the mixture, rotating conveying belts of two conveying belt mechanisms relatively, clamping the primarily crushed residual film mixture and conveying the primarily crushed residual film mixture downwards at a constant speed, performing reciprocating linear motion on a lower segmenting knife 550, segmenting the residual film mixture, feeding the segmented residual film mixture into a film conveying device, feeding the residual film mixture into a separating roller, rotating the separating roller, continuously rolling the residual film mixture, continuously blowing airflow into the separating roller by the fan at the lower end of the separating roller in the process, blowing the residual film in the residual film mixture to the upper end of a cylinder body of the film conveying device by the airflow, the straw-residue separation device is novel in structural design, can automatically and effectively separate the residual films, the straws and the straws in the residual film mixture, and is good in separation effect and high in efficiency.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The separating device for the residual film collecting mixture of the cotton field machine comprises a rack and is characterized by further comprising a separating device arranged on the rack, wherein the separating device comprises a separating roller which is obliquely arranged along the horizontal direction, the separating roller can rotate along the central axis of the separating roller, strip-shaped slotted holes which are axially oblique to the separating roller are formed in the surface of the separating roller in an equally-divided mode on the circumference of the surface of the separating roller, a spiral blade is arranged on the inner wall of the separating roller, and the width of the spiral blade is sequentially widened from top to bottom along the separating roller;

the film conveying device comprises a barrel, the barrel is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the separation roller and is coaxially arranged with the separation roller, and the barrel comprises a feed inlet arranged above the end close to the separation roller and a discharge outlet arranged below the end far away from the separation roller;

the film conveying device is characterized by also comprising a blanking and cutting device, wherein the blanking and cutting device is vertically arranged above the film conveying device, and the lower end of the blanking and cutting device extends into a feeding port of the film conveying device;

still include the fan, the fan sets up in separation roller lower extreme opening part.

2. The cotton field machine residual film collecting mixture separating device according to claim 1, wherein the blanking and cutting device comprises a material section shell, a blooming mechanism, an entrainment device and a cutting mechanism, the entrainment device is arranged above the blooming mechanism, and the cutting mechanism is arranged below the entrainment device.

3. The cotton field machine residual film collecting mixture separating device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the material section shell comprises a material collecting part, a section cutting part and a discharging part, the primary rolling mechanism comprises a primary roller I and a primary roller II which are arranged in the section cutting part in parallel and at intervals, the primary roller I and the primary roller II rotate in opposite directions and rotate at the same speed, and the linear speed directions of the same proximal ends of the primary roller I and the primary roller II are downward.

4. The cotton field machine residual film collecting mixture separating device as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the entrainment device comprises two conveying belt mechanisms which are symmetrically arranged, the conveying belt mechanisms comprise a belt roller I, a belt roller II, a middle roller and conveying belts which are sleeved on the belt roller I, the belt roller II and the middle roller, the distance between the belt rollers I on the two conveying belt mechanisms is larger than the distance between the two belt rollers II, and the similar lateral line speed directions of the conveying belts on the two conveying belt mechanisms are downward.

5. The device for separating the mixture of plastic films collected by the cotton field machine according to claim 4, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises a cutting knife and a cutting plate, the cutting knife penetrates into the blanking part from the outer side of the blanking part of the blanking shell, the cutting mechanism further comprises a cylinder, and the end of a piston rod of the cylinder is connected with the tail part of the cutting knife to drive the cutting knife to do reciprocating linear motion.

6. The device for separating the mixture of plastic films collected by the cotton field machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the primary roller I is a quadrangle star shape, a pentagram star shape or a hexagon star shape.

7. The device for separating the mixture of the collected residual films of the cotton field machine according to claim 1, wherein one end of the cylinder of the film conveying device is open, the other end of the cylinder is provided with a film baffle, through holes are uniformly distributed on the film baffle, and the device further comprises a discharging barrel which is arranged below a discharge hole of the cylinder.

8. The device for separating the mixture of plastic films collected by the cotton field machine according to claim 1, further comprising a separating motor, wherein a ring gear is sleeved on the cylinder body of the separating roller, and the end part of an output shaft of the separating motor is connected with the ring gear in a matching way through a gear.

9. The device for separating the mixture of the residual films collected by the cotton field machine according to claim 1, wherein the blanking and cutting device further comprises a segment motor for driving the primary roller I and the belt roller I to rotate.