CN113439760A - Composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker and application - Google Patents
Composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN113439760A CN113439760A CN202110938116.XA CN202110938116A CN113439760A CN 113439760 A CN113439760 A CN 113439760A CN 202110938116 A CN202110938116 A CN 202110938116A CN 113439760 A CN113439760 A CN 113439760A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/14—Boron; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
Abstract
The invention provides a composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker, and belongs to the field of agricultural production. The kiwi fruit canker composition can effectively prevent and treat kiwi fruit canker, can be popularized and used in a large scale, and is simple in operation process; the composition can be respectively used for treating local kiwifruit canker and whole tree blight type kiwifruit canker, and is pertinently administrated according to different diseases; meanwhile, the composition can also be used for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker. The operation is simple and the investment is small in application, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a kiwifruit canker treatment agent and application thereof, and belongs to the field of agricultural production.
Background
The '2017 Chinese Kiwi industry development report' shows that the Kiwi planting area in the world has changed from 12.7 kilohm in 20002Development of21.9 ten thousand hm by 20142In 2014, the total yield of the kiwi fruits in the world is 345 ten thousand tons, and the planting range is distributed in more than 20 countries in the world. The kiwi fruit planting industry in China originates from the 70 th 20 th century, is mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Henan, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong and other places, and through decades of development, the kiwi fruit planting industry in China has been developed to current basalized, industrialized and standardized production from the first sporadic and small-area cultivation. In 2016, the planting area of Chinese kiwi fruits reaches 18.5 kilohm2The total yield reaches 237 ten thousand tons, which accounts for 60 percent of the total world yield, and both the planting scale and the total yield jump the top of the world. In recent years, the Chinese kiwi fruit planting industry has a rapid growth trend in planting area and total yield, and the market scale reaches 100 million yuan at present, which becomes a bright spot in the development of fruit industry in China.
The kiwifruit canker is a devastating disease seriously threatening the production of kiwifruit and is listed as a national forest plant quarantine object. Since the research personnel found the kiwifruit canker for the first time in Jinggang county of Japan in 1980, the kiwifruit canker rapidly spreads to the world main production areas of the kiwifruit such as America, China, Italy and France in 20 years later, large-area outbreaks of the kiwifruit canker in the production areas are caused, and the tendency of wantonly spreading and spreading is getting worse. China discovers the disease for the first time in the east mountain peak farm of Hunan since 1986, and then rapidly spreads to Shaanxi, Sichuan, Anhui, Henan and other places. The disease has high incidence rate and strong explosiveness and destructiveness, so that large-area, large-range and even large-area outbreaks in a production area are always caused, more than half of dead trees in a large amount of orchards are destroyed, a large amount of land is wasted, economic loss is huge, the healthy and continuous development of the international kiwi fruit industry is greatly influenced, and the disease becomes a major bottleneck problem and a scientific research hotspot of the kiwi fruit industry.
At present, three methods of chemical control (spraying lime sulphur agent with 3-4 Baume degrees), agricultural and physical control (thoroughly cutting disease branches, roasting the disease parts of the canker by a flame thrower, applying more organic fertilizers) and avoidance control (abandoning susceptible varieties and building a greenhouse for rain sheltering cultivation) are mainly proposed for the control of the kiwifruit canker. However, researches find that other control methods except avoidance-type control measures cannot effectively inhibit the spread of kiwifruit canker and cannot achieve large-scale control effect. Although the avoidable control is suitable for large-scale control, the construction investment for building large rain sheltering cultivation is large, the popularization is not facilitated, and the abandoning of susceptible varieties is not conducive to the development of the kiwi fruit planting industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the reasons, the invention discloses a novel kiwi fruit canker prevention and treatment method, which achieves the purpose of large-scale kiwi fruit canker prevention and treatment under the condition of not adopting avoidance type prevention and treatment measures.
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a simple and easily-obtained composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker, aiming at the problem that the existing effective kiwifruit canker prevention and treatment measures cannot be popularized on a large scale, the composition can rapidly inhibit the occurrence and development of kiwifruit canker, and is simple to operate, low in cost and easy to popularize.
The second purpose of the invention is to use the composition for treating the local kiwifruit canker, the disease is manifested as that the local kiwifruit tree canker wound appears, and the local kiwifruit canker can be effectively treated by applying the composition.
The third purpose of the invention is to use the composition for treating the whole-tree withered kiwifruit canker, the disease is that the whole tree withers and only the base of the tree body is not withered, or the trunk is cut off and only the base of the tree body is not withered, the composition is conveyed through the infusion bag, the kiwifruit tree can be re-stripped, and the treatment effect is good.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to use the composition for preventing the kiwifruit canker, and the land is regulated by applying the composition, so that the kiwifruit canker in the next year can be effectively prevented.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
1-20 parts of sodium borate;
1-20 parts of sodium silicate;
1-50 parts of sodium molybdate;
1-20 parts of tricyclazole;
further, the composition also comprises a solubilizer;
further, the solubilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1-10 parts of polyglutamic acid;
1-10 parts of polyaspartic acid.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the composition of the invention is used for treating kiwifruit canker, the disease is manifested by local canker wounds of trunk and lateral branches, and the method comprises the following steps:
adding water into the composition to prepare paste;
scraping off dead skin on the surface of the water flow point with the length of 5-10cm and the width of 3-8cm by using a knife to expose a fresh phloem;
thirdly, coating the composition on the phloem;
further, the weight ratio of the composition to the water is 1: 1.5;
further, the composition is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium borate, sodium silicate, sodium molybdate and tricyclazole.
The third technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the composition of the invention is used for treating kiwifruit canker, and the disease is characterized in that the whole tree withers and only the base of the tree body does not die, or only the base of the tree body does not die after the trunk is cut off.
Adding water to dilute the composition into liquid state;
drilling a hole at the base of the tree body, inserting a transfusion needle, and hanging a hanging bag for transfusion;
further, the composition is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium borate, sodium silicate, sodium molybdate, tricyclazole, polyglutamic acid and polyaspartic acid;
further, the composition is diluted by 500 times by adding water.
The fourth technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the composition is used for preventing kiwifruit canker, and comprises the following steps:
adding water to dilute the composition into liquid state;
secondly, spraying the composition on the branches and the trunks of the kiwi fruits, wherein the spraying frequency is 2-3 times per month;
further, the dilution multiple of the composition by adding water is 500 times;
further, the spraying time is spring and summer;
further, the composition is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium borate, sodium silicate, sodium molybdate, tricyclazole, polyglutamic acid and polyaspartic acid;
further, the treatment method also comprises the step of spraying 200g of calcium chloride to the root of each kiwi fruit tree at the same time.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker, aiming at the problem that the existing effective kiwifruit canker prevention and treatment measures cannot be popularized on a large scale, the composition can effectively prevent and treat the kiwifruit canker by means of targeted drug administration and prevention measures aiming at different diseases, and the composition is simple to operate and can be popularized on a large scale.
2. The composition is used for treating local kiwifruit canker, and the composition is blended into paste to be brushed on wounds, so that the disease can be effectively treated and the spread of the disease can be prevented.
3. The composition is used for treating the kiwifruit canker disease of withered whole trees, and the disease can be effectively treated and the kiwifruit trees can be reeled by conveying the composition to the base of the kiwifruit trees in the form of infusion bags.
4. The composition is used for preventing the kiwifruit canker, and the disease source is controlled by spraying the composition to the kiwifruit trees in spring and summer every year, so that the kiwifruit canker can be effectively prevented in the next year.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of comparative example 3 (left) and example 12 (right);
FIG. 2 is a photograph of ulcer flow drying after the treatment of example 7.
Detailed Description
The solution of the invention will be explained below with reference to the figures and examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples are given for the particular techniques or conditions, according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product description. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products which are commercially available.
Example 1
A composition for treating kiwifruit canker: comprising 10kg of monopotassium phosphate; 15kg of sodium borate; 15kg of sodium silicate; 50kg of sodium molybdate; 10kg of tricyclazole.
Example 2
A composition for treating kiwifruit canker: comprises 5kg of monopotassium phosphate; 15kg of sodium borate; 20kg of sodium silicate; 40kg of sodium molybdate; 20kg of tricyclazole.
Example 3
A composition for treating kiwifruit canker: comprises 20kg of monopotassium phosphate; 10kg of sodium borate; 20kg of sodium silicate; 30kg of sodium molybdate; 20kg of tricyclazole.
The compositions of examples 1-3 are effective in treating topical kiwifruit canker, with example 1 being the preferred example.
Example 4
A composition for treating kiwifruit canker: comprising 10kg of monopotassium phosphate; 15kg of sodium borate; 15kg of sodium silicate; 50kg of sodium molybdate; 6kg of tricyclazole, 2kg of polyglutamic acid; 2kg of polyaspartic acid.
Example 5
A composition for treating kiwifruit canker: comprises 5kg of monopotassium phosphate; 10kg of sodium borate; 20kg of sodium silicate; 40kg of sodium molybdate; 15kg of tricyclazole, 5kg of polyglutamic acid; 5kg of polyaspartic acid.
Example 6
A composition for treating kiwifruit canker: comprising 15kg of monopotassium phosphate; 5kg of sodium borate; 5kg of sodium silicate; 35kg of sodium molybdate; 20kg of tricyclazole, 10kg of polyglutamic acid; 10kg of polyaspartic acid.
The compositions of examples 4-6 are effective in treating whole tree blight type kiwifruit canker or preventing kiwifruit canker, with example 4 being the preferred example.
Example 7
The composition is used for treating kiwifruit canker, and comprises the following steps:
selecting the composition prepared in example 1;
adding 150kg of water into the composition to prepare paste;
thirdly, scraping off dead skin on the surface of 8cm long and 5cm wide by using a knife at the running point of the ulcer to expose fresh phloem.
Fourthly, the composition is coated on the phloem.
Example 8
The composition is used for treating kiwifruit canker, and comprises the following steps:
selecting the composition prepared in example 2;
adding 150kg of water into the composition to prepare paste;
thirdly, scraping off dead skin on the surface of 5cm long and 3cm wide by using a knife at the running point of the ulcer to expose fresh phloem.
Fourthly, the composition is coated on the phloem.
Example 9
The composition is used for treating kiwifruit canker, and comprises the following steps:
selecting the composition prepared in example 3;
adding 150kg of water into the composition to prepare paste;
thirdly, scraping off dead skin on the surface of 10cm long and 8cm wide by using a knife at the running point of the ulcer to expose fresh phloem.
Fourthly, the composition is coated on the phloem.
The compositions of examples 7-9 are effective in treating topical kiwifruit canker, with example 7 being the preferred example.
Example 10
The composition is used for treating kiwifruit canker, and comprises the following steps:
selecting the composition prepared in example 4;
adding water to the composition to dilute the mixture by 500 times to obtain a liquid composition;
drilling holes on the base of the tree body by using an electric drill, inserting an infusion needle, and hanging a hanging bag for infusion.
Example 11
The composition is used for treating kiwifruit canker, and comprises the following steps:
selecting the composition prepared in example 5;
adding water to the composition to dilute the mixture by 500 times to obtain a liquid composition;
drilling holes on the base of the tree body by using an electric drill, inserting an infusion needle, and hanging a hanging bag for infusion.
Example 12
The composition is used for treating kiwifruit canker, and comprises the following steps:
selecting the composition prepared in example 6;
adding water to the composition to dilute the mixture by 500 times to obtain a liquid composition;
drilling holes on the base of the tree body by using an electric drill, inserting an infusion needle, and hanging a hanging bag for infusion.
The compositions of examples 10-12 are effective in treating whole tree blight kiwifruit canker, with example 10 being the preferred example.
Example 13
The composition is used for treating kiwifruit canker, and comprises the following steps:
selecting the composition prepared in example 4;
adding water to the composition to dilute the mixture by 500 times to obtain a liquid composition;
③ spraying the composition to the kiwi fruit tree 3 times per month in spring and summer, and spraying 200g calcium chloride to the root of each kiwi fruit tree.
Example 14
The composition is used for treating kiwifruit canker, and comprises the following steps:
selecting the composition prepared in example 5;
adding water to the composition to dilute the mixture by 500 times to obtain a liquid composition;
③ spraying the composition to the kiwi fruit tree 3 times per month in spring and summer, and spraying 200g calcium chloride to the root of each kiwi fruit tree.
Example 15
The composition is used for treating kiwifruit canker, and comprises the following steps:
selecting the composition prepared in example 6;
adding water to the composition to dilute the mixture by 500 times to obtain a liquid composition;
③ spraying the composition to the kiwi fruit tree 2 times per month in spring and summer, and spraying 200g calcium chloride to the root of each kiwi fruit tree.
The compositions of examples 13-15 are effective in treating whole tree blight kiwifruit canker, with example 13 being the preferred example.
Comparative example 1
Plants with localized kiwifruit canker were not treated at all.
Comparative example 2
The whole tree withered kiwifruit canker plant is not treated.
Comparative example 3
The treatment of any kiwifruit canker control measure is not carried out.
Test example 1
And (3) field efficacy test: and evaluating the result of the added drug effect test according to the number of the branch and trunk pyogenic ulcer disease plants, the number of newly-born withered branches, the leaf area index and the leaf surface spots of new leaves, wherein the evaluation mode is visual observation.
And 2-3 months in 1.2020, treating 126 Chinese gooseberry canker plants which have been generated in 2 mu of test field of Shiyang town of Dujiang Wei city, Sichuan province.
1/2 of kiwi plants with purulent branches are treated as described in example 7, and the rest 1/2 is treated as described in comparative example 1;
processing 1/2 in the withered kiwi plant of the whole tree in the way of example 10, and processing the rest 1/2 in the way of comparative example 2;
in 2.2020 months 2-3, for Shiyang Zhen of Dujiang Wei city in Sichuan province, a test field of 100 square meters is selected, and the Chinese gooseberry preventive treatment in the experimental example 12 is carried out on 50 square meters of the test field, and the treatment in the comparative example 3 is carried out on the remaining 50 square meters.
3. Results of the experiment
Compared with the comparative example 1, the number of the branch pyogenic ulcer disease strains is reduced by 90 percent in example 7; compared with the comparative example 2, the new withered branches are reduced by 60-80%, the leaf area index is improved by 30-50%, and new leaf spots (commonly called as leaf ulcer spots) are reduced by 50-80%; in example 10, compared with comparative example 3, the cyclopropellant tightness of the kiwi fruit is obviously increased.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
1-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate;
1-20 parts of sodium borate;
1-20 parts of sodium silicate;
1-50 parts of sodium molybdate;
1-20 parts of tricyclazole.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a solubilizing agent.
3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the solubilizing agent comprises:
1-10 parts of polyglutamic acid;
1-10 parts of polyaspartic acid.
4. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for the treatment of kiwifruit canker, wherein the condition is manifested by the appearance of a ulcerated wound locally in the kiwifruit tree.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the composition is applied by: adding water into the composition to prepare paste, wherein the weight ratio of the water to the composition is 1: 1.5; scraping off dead skin with length of 5-10cm and width of 3-8cm from the ulcer flow point with knife to expose fresh phloem, and spreading the composition on the phloem.
6. Use of a composition according to claim 2 or 3 for the treatment of kiwifruit canker, characterized in that the condition is expressed by: the whole tree withers and only the base of the tree body is not withered, or the trunk is cut off and only the base of the tree body is not withered.
7. The use of claim 6, wherein the composition is diluted 500 times with water to form a liquid, and the base of the tree is drilled with an electric drill, inserted with an infusion needle, and hung with a hanging bag for infusion.
8. Use of a composition according to claim 2 or 3 for the prevention of kiwifruit canker.
9. Use according to claim 8, wherein the composition is diluted 500 times in order to be in liquid form.
10. Use according to claim 9, wherein the composition is applied by: spraying 2-3 times per month, and spraying 200g of calcium chloride to the root of each kiwi fruit tree.
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