CN113438022A - Microwave source phase noise measuring device and method - Google Patents
Microwave source phase noise measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113438022A CN113438022A CN202110886709.6A CN202110886709A CN113438022A CN 113438022 A CN113438022 A CN 113438022A CN 202110886709 A CN202110886709 A CN 202110886709A CN 113438022 A CN113438022 A CN 113438022A
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Abstract
The application provides a microwave source phase noise measuring device and method. The method comprises the following steps: based on a microwave power divider, a microwave signal to be measured is divided into two paths, wherein one path is transmitted to a first electro-optical intensity modulator after being subjected to phase shifting by an electric phase shifter, the other path of radio frequency signal is directly connected to a second electro-optical intensity modulator, a polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator receives and orthogonally performs polarization multiplexing, and then outputs a polarization multiplexing optical signal, and the first polarization controller is adjusted to make the polarization multiplexing optical signal be completely separated by the polarization beam splitter, the light with the polarization state of x enters the upper branch circuit, the light with the polarization state of y enters the lower branch circuit, the polarization states of the upper branch light and the lower branch light are orthogonal again by adjusting the second polarization controller and the third polarization controller, and the combined signals pass through an optical bandpass filter, an analyzer and a photoelectric detector, and the signals output by the photoelectric detector are introduced into a fast Fourier transform analyzer to obtain the phase noise of the measured microwave signals.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of microwave source phase noise testing and microwave photonics, and particularly relates to a microwave source phase noise measuring device and method based on a single modulator frequency mixing technology.
Background
With the continuous development of microwave oscillator technology, especially the emergence of optoelectronic oscillators capable of directly generating microwave signals with ultra-high Frequency and ultra-low Phase noise [ d.eliyahu et al ], "Phase noise of a high performance OEO and an ultra-low noise floor cross-correlation microwave system," IEEE Symposium on Frequency Control processes, 811-814 (2008) ], the existing Phase noise measurement technology poses a great challenge. The frequency discrimination method based on the optical delay line is the most widely applied measuring method at present, and the method can achieve higher phase noise measuring sensitivity by means of long delay provided by low-loss optical fiber. However, in such schemes, the operating bandwidth is typically limited by the electronics of the electrical phase shifter, electrical amplifier and electrical mixer, and the electrical amplifier is typically required to ensure that the power level of the signal meets the measurement requirements prior to electrical mixing, a process that substantially reduces the measurement sensitivity of the system.
In order to solve these problems, researchers have proposed a series of photon-assisted Phase noise measurement systems, for example, in [ d.j.zhu et al, "wide band Phase noise measurement using a multi-functional microwave photonic processor," IEEE photon.technol.lett.26(24), 2434-. However, the use of cascaded modulators increases the cost and complexity of the system and results in large insertion losses, reducing the conversion efficiency of the system.
Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a phase noise measurement scheme which is economical and practical, has high conversion efficiency and large working bandwidth.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned defect point, the present application aims at: the microwave source phase noise measuring device and method based on the single modulator frequency mixing technology can improve conversion efficiency and have large working bandwidth and high testing precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:
a microwave source phase noise measurement device, comprising: the microwave power divider, the laser, polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator, polarization beam splitter and second polarization beam combiner, polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator has: the system comprises a Y-type optical beam splitter, a first electro-optic intensity modulator, a second electro-optic intensity modulator, a 90-degree polarization rotator and a first polarization beam combiner, wherein the first electro-optic intensity modulator and the second electro-optic intensity modulator are connected in parallel up and down; the microwave power divider comprises: the input end is used for connecting a microwave source to be detected, the first end is connected with the input end of the electric phase shifter, the output end of the electric phase shifter is connected with the first electro-optic intensity modulator, and the second end is connected with the second electro-optic intensity modulator; the polarization beam splitter has: signal input part, first output and second output, the first polarization controller of polarization is connected to signal input part, second polarization controller and second polarization beam combiner are connected to first output, and single mode fiber's one end is connected to the second output, and third polarization controller and second polarization beam combiner are connected to single mode fiber's the other end, connect gradually optical band pass filter, analyzer and photoelectric detector behind the second polarization beam combiner, the signal transmission that photoelectric detector surveyed is to fast Fourier transform analysis appearance, fast Fourier transform analysis appearance is in order to obtain the phase noise of the microwave source that awaits measuring. The device utilizes a single polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator to realize the function of full optical domain frequency mixing, and improves the measurement precision and the sensitivity.
Further, the polarization multiplexing parallel optical modulator is a broadband electro-optical modulator.
Further, the electric phase shifter is a broadband electric phase shifter.
Further, the microwave power divider is a broadband microwave power divider.
Further, the photodetector is a broadband photodetector.
Furthermore, the optical band-pass filter is an adjustable, broadband, high roll-off slope optical band-pass filter.
Furthermore, the first end of the Y-shaped optical beam splitter is connected with a first electro-optical intensity modulator,
the second end of the Y-shaped optical beam splitter is connected with a second electro-optical intensity modulator, the two electro-optical intensity modulators are connected with a 90-degree polarization rotator,
the first electro-optical intensity modulator and the 90-degree polarization rotator are respectively connected with the first polarization beam combiner.
The embodiment of the application provides a measurement method of the microwave source phase noise measurement device, which comprises the following steps: the microwave power divider divides a microwave measuring signal into two paths, wherein one path of the microwave measuring signal is transmitted to a first electro-optic intensity modulator after being subjected to phase shifting by an electric phase shifter, the other path of the radio-frequency signal is directly connected to second electro-optic intensity modulation, a polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator receives and orthogonally performs polarization multiplexing, a polarization multiplexing light signal is output, the polarization multiplexing light signal can be completely separated by a polarization beam splitter by adjusting a first polarization controller, light in an x polarization state enters an upper branch, light in a y polarization state enters a lower branch and long time delay is introduced through a single-mode optical fiber; the polarization states of the upper branch light and the lower branch light are orthogonal again by adjusting the second polarization controller and the third polarization controller, the upper branch light and the lower branch light are combined in the second polarization beam combiner, the combined signals pass through the optical bandpass filter, the analyzer and the photoelectric detector, signals output by the photoelectric detector are introduced into the fast Fourier transform analyzer for data acquisition, and the phase noise of the measured microwave signals can be obtained by processing the acquired data.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the existing bit noise measuring device, the microwave source phase noise measuring device and method provided by the application have the following advantages:
1. an electric mixer is not needed, and the phase noise measurement system has the characteristics of large working bandwidth and flat response.
2. The use of active devices such as a microwave amplifier and the like is reduced, the noise floor of a phase noise measurement system is reduced, and the measurement precision and the sensitivity are improved.
3. The full optical domain frequency mixing function is realized by using a single polarization multiplexing parallel optical modulator, and the full optical domain frequency mixing device has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, high conversion efficiency, large working bandwidth and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a microwave source phase noise measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The conditions employed in the examples may be further adjusted as determined by the particular manufacturer, and the conditions not specified are typically those used in routine experimentation.
The present application provides a microwave source phase noise measuring device (hereinafter referred to as noise measuring device), which includes: the microwave power divider, the laser, polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator, polarization beam splitter and second polarization beam combiner, polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator has: the system comprises a Y-type optical beam splitter, a first electro-optic intensity modulator, a second electro-optic intensity modulator, a 90-degree polarization rotator and a first polarization beam combiner, wherein the first electro-optic intensity modulator and the second electro-optic intensity modulator are connected in parallel up and down; the microwave power divider comprises: the input end is used for connecting a microwave source to be detected, the first end is connected with the input end of the electric phase shifter, the output end of the electric phase shifter is connected with the first electro-optic intensity modulator, and the second end is connected with the second electro-optic intensity modulator; the polarization beam splitter has: signal input part, first output and second output, signal input part connects first polarization controller, second polarization controller and second polarization beam combiner are connected to first output, and single mode fiber's one end is connected to the second output, and third polarization controller and second polarization beam combiner are connected to single mode fiber's the other end, connect gradually optical band pass filter, analyzer and photoelectric detector behind the second polarization beam combiner, the signal transmission that photoelectric detector surveyed is to fast Fourier transform analysis appearance, fast Fourier transform analysis appearance is in order to obtain the phase noise of the microwave source that awaits measuring. The method for operating the noise measuring device comprises the following steps: the microwave power divider divides a microwave measuring signal into two paths, wherein the first path is transmitted to a first electro-optic intensity modulator after being subjected to phase shifting by an electric phase shifter, the second path of radio frequency signal is directly connected to second electro-optic intensity modulation, the polarization multiplexing electro-optic intensity modulator receives and orthogonally performs polarization multiplexing, then outputs a polarization multiplexing optical signal, and enables the polarization multiplexing optical signal to be completely separated by a polarization beam splitter by adjusting a first polarization controller, light in an x polarization state enters an upper branch, light in a y polarization state enters a lower branch and long time delay is introduced through a single mode fiber; the polarization states of the upper branch light and the lower branch light are orthogonal again by adjusting the second polarization controller and the third polarization controller, the upper branch light and the lower branch light are combined in the polarization beam combiner, the combined signals pass through the light band-pass filter, the analyzer and the photoelectric detector, signals output by the photoelectric detector are introduced into the fast Fourier transform analyzer, and the phase noise of the detected microwave signals can be obtained by processing data acquired by the fast Fourier transform analyzer. The method realizes the all-optical domain frequency mixing function by using a single polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator, and has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, high conversion efficiency, large working bandwidth and the like.
The noise measurement device proposed by the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings,
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of a noise measurement apparatus.
The noise measuring apparatus includes:
a microwave power divider and an electric phase shifter,
the input side of the microwave power divider (one-to-two microwave power divider) is connected with a microwave source to be measured, the first end is connected with the electric phase shifter, the second end of the output is connected with the second electro-optic intensity modulator, the output is output to the connected first electro-optic intensity modulator after phase shifting of the electric phase shifter,
a first polarization controller for controlling the polarization of the light beam,
a polarization beam splitter having a first output end and a second output end, the first output end is connected with the second polarization controller, the second output end is connected with one side end of the single-mode fiber, the other end of the single-mode fiber is connected with a third polarization controller,
the output of the second polarization controller and the output of the third polarization controller are respectively connected with the second polarization beam combiner,
the output of the second polarization beam combiner is sequentially connected with an optical band-pass filter, an analyzer and a photoelectric detector; the signal of the photodetector is transmitted to an FFT analyzer (fast fourier transform analyzer),
thus, the output signal of the microwave source to be tested is transmitted from the output end to a one-to-two microwave power divider (hereinafter referred to as microwave power divider),
after passing through the microwave power divider,
the first path of signal is input to a first electro-optical intensity modulator after passing through an electric phase shifter,
and the second path of signal is directly input to a second electro-optical intensity modulator.
The polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator is described below in conjunction with figure 2,
as shown in fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a microwave source phase noise measurement apparatus, wherein: the first electro-optical intensity modulator is a first Mach-Zehnder modulator, the second electro-optical intensity modulator is a second Mach-Zehnder modulator, two arms of the Y-shaped optical beam splitter are respectively connected with the first Mach-Zehnder modulator and the second Mach-Zehnder modulator, and an output optical signal of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator and an output optical signal of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator after 90-degree polarization rotation are subjected to polarization multiplexing in the first polarization beam combiner. In the present embodiment, both the first mach-zehnder modulator and the second mach-zehnder modulator are broadband intensity modulators.
When the noise measurement device is in operation,
the microwave signal to be measured is divided into two paths by the microwave power divider,
microwave power divider
The output one-path (radio frequency) signal is phase-shifted by an electric phase shifter
Then the intensity modulation is carried out on the optical carrier wave in the first Mach-Zehnder modulator,
the other path of output (radio frequency) signal directly modulates the intensity of the optical carrier in the second Mach-Zehnder modulator, after orthogonal polarization multiplexing inside the modulator,
the polarization multiplexing parallel optical modulator outputs a polarization multiplexing optical signal which is respectively marked as an x polarization state (Ex) and a y polarization state (Ey), and the optical signal in the orthogonal polarization state is completely separated from light in different polarization states by the polarization beam splitter through the control of the first polarization controller:
the light with x polarization state enters an upper branch, the light with y polarization state enters a lower branch, a long time delay tau is introduced into the lower branch through a single-mode optical fiber, an electric phase shifter is adjusted, and the change of the long time delay tau is realized
Make it
N is an integer, ωcAnd omega are the angular frequency of the optical carrier and the signal to be measured respectively;
the polarization states of the upper branch light and the lower branch light are orthogonal again by adjusting a second polarization controller and a third polarization controller respectively, the upper branch light and the lower branch light are combined in a second polarization beam combiner, the combined signals are subjected to +1 order sidebands of two orthogonal polarization states through a tunable optical band-pass filter, then the two +1 order sidebands are subjected to polarization detection combination through a 45-degree polarization detector, then the two signals are subjected to beat frequency by a photoelectric detector, photoelectric conversion is realized, signals output by the photoelectric detector are introduced into a fast Fourier transform analyzer for data acquisition, and the phase noise of the detected microwave signals can be obtained by processing the acquired data.
In this embodiment, the microwave power divider preferably is a broadband microwave power divider; the electric phase shifter is preferably a broadband electric phase shifter; the electro-optical intensity modulator is preferably a broadband electro-optical intensity modulator; the photoelectric detector is preferably a broadband photoelectric detector; the optical bandpass filter is preferably an adjustable, broadband, high roll-off slope optical bandpass filter to increase the operating bandwidth of the system.
The testing principle of the testing device is as follows:
the optical signal output by the laser is denoted as Ein(t)＝E0exp(jωct)，
Wherein E is0Is the electric field amplitude, omega, of the optical signalcIs the angular frequency of the optical signal and,
after passing through the electrical phase shifter, the signal input to the first Mach-Zehnder modulator may be represented as
The signal input to the second Mach-Zehnder modulator is
Wherein, V1，V2Respectively, the amplitude of the input radio frequency signal, omega is the angular frequency of the signal to be measured,
for the phase of the signal to be measured,
the phase shift introduced for the electrical phase shifter;
the output signal of the polarization-multiplexed parallel optical modulator operating in push-pull mode can be expressed as:
wherein, VπMultiplexing the half-wave voltage of the parallel light modulator for polarization;
under small signal modulation, the series expansion according to a first Bessel function is as follows:
wherein m is1，m2The modulation coefficients of the upper arm and the lower arm of the polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator are respectively;
the polarization beam splitter separates the optical signals in the x-polarization state and the y-polarization state, and the signals in the upper branch after splitting can be represented as:
in the lower branch, EyBy introducing a delay through a single mode fiber, the output optical field can be expressed as:
wherein tau is the time delay introduced by the single-mode fiber;
adjusting E by a second polarization controller and a third polarization controllerx'，EyThe polarization state of the' is enabled to be orthogonally output in the second polarization beam combiner, and then the adjustable optical band-pass filter selects two + 1-order sidebands with orthogonal polarization states, so that the following can be obtained:
through 45 ° analyzer polarization, after the photodetector beat frequency, neglect the direct current term, then the output electrical signal is:
wherein k is a conversion coefficient;
by adjusting electric phase shifters, changing
Can make it possible to
N is an integer;
the electrical signal can be represented as:
the phase noise information of the microwave source to be measured is contained in the above equation, and the power spectrum of the output signal can be expressed as:
wherein S iso(f) If the power spectral density of the microwave signal to be measured is the power spectral density of the double-sideband phase noise, the power spectral density (phase noise) of the single-sideband can be written as follows according to the definition:
and signal power spectrum acquisition is carried out through an FFT analyzer, and the phase noise of the detected microwave source can be obtained through calculation of a formula (9).
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present application, and the purpose of the embodiments is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and implement the present application, and not to limit the protection scope of the present application. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present application are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A microwave source phase noise measurement apparatus, comprising: a microwave power divider, a laser, a polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator, a polarization beam splitter and a second polarization beam combiner,
the polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator has: the system comprises a Y-type optical beam splitter, a first electro-optic intensity modulator, a second electro-optic intensity modulator, a 90-degree polarization rotator and a first polarization beam combiner, wherein the first electro-optic intensity modulator and the second electro-optic intensity modulator are connected in parallel up and down;
the microwave power divider comprises: the microwave source testing device comprises an input end, a first end and a second end, wherein the input end is used for being connected with a microwave source to be tested, the first end is connected with the input end of an electric phase shifter, the output end of the electric phase shifter is connected with a first electro-optic intensity modulator, and the second end is connected with a second electro-optic intensity modulator;
the polarization beam splitter has: a signal input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal,
the signal input end is connected with the first polarization controller,
the first output end is connected with the second polarization controller and the second polarization beam combiner,
the second output end is connected with one end of a single-mode fiber, the other end of the single-mode fiber is connected with a third polarization controller and a second polarization beam combiner,
and the second polarization beam combiner is sequentially connected with the optical bandpass filter, the analyzer and the photoelectric detector, a signal detected by the photoelectric detector is transmitted to the fast Fourier transform analyzer, and the fast Fourier transform analyzer is used for obtaining the phase noise of the microwave source to be detected.
2. The microwave source phase noise measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laser, the polarization multiplexing parallel light modulator and the first polarization controller are connected in sequence along the optical path direction.
3. The microwave source phase noise measurement device of claim 1 wherein the electrical phase shifter is a broadband electrical phase shifter.
4. The microwave source phase noise measurement device of claim 1 wherein the polarization multiplexed parallel light modulator is a broadband electro-optic modulator.
5. The microwave source phase noise measurement device of claim 1, wherein the microwave power divider is a broadband one-to-two microwave power divider.
6. The microwave source phase noise measurement device of claim 1 wherein the photodetector is a broadband photodetector.
7. The microwave source phase noise measurement device of claim 1 wherein the optical bandpass filter is an adjustable, broadband, high roll-off slope optical bandpass filter.
8. A method for measuring phase noise of a microwave source is characterized by comprising the following steps: a microwave source phase noise measurement apparatus comprising any one of claims 1-7, the method comprising:
the microwave power divider divides the received microwave signal to be measured into two paths,
wherein the first path of signal is output to the electric phase shifter for phase shift and then phase-shifted by the electric phase shifter
Then the signal is output to a first electro-optical intensity modulator, the second path of signal is directly output to a second electro-optical intensity modulator,
the polarization rotator rotates the polarization state of the signal output by the second electro-optical intensity modulator by 90 degrees, so that the polarization states of the upper and lower signals are orthogonal;
the first polarization beam combiner is used for polarization beam combination of the two paths of signals with orthogonal polarization directions into the polarization orthogonal multiplexing optical signal,
based on a polarization beam splitter and by adjusting a first polarization controller to completely separate light of different polarization states in a polarization multiplexed optical signal, the polarization multiplexed optical signal comprising an x-polarization state and a y-polarization state,
the light in the x polarization state enters the upper branch, the light in the y polarization state enters the lower branch,
introducing long time delay tau through single-mode fiber in the lower branch, and adjusting the electric phase shifter to change
Make it
N is an integer, ωcAnd omega are the angular frequency of the optical carrier and the signal to be measured respectively;
the polarization states of the upper branch light and the lower branch light are orthogonal again by adjusting the second polarization controller and the third polarization controller respectively, and the beams are combined in the second polarization beam combiner,
the signals combined by the polarization beam combiner are screened based on the adjustable optical band-pass filter to select the preset signals, and the polarization beam combiner is used for analyzing, polarizing and combining the preset signals,
uses the photoelectric detector to beat frequency of the signals combined by the polarization detection to realize photoelectric conversion,
and (3) obtaining the phase noise of the measured microwave signal based on a fast Fourier transform analyzer.
9. The method of measuring phase noise of a microwave source of claim 8, wherein: and selecting two +1 order sidebands with orthogonal polarization states from the combined signal through a tunable optical band-pass filter, and analyzing, polarizing and combining the two +1 order sidebands through a 45-degree analyzer.
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