CN113436328A - Physical and data driving based hybrid 3D modeling method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A hybrid 3D modeling method based on physics and data driving relates to the technical field of three-dimensional modeling, and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting and processing spatial data, modeling a topographic data model, modeling a topographic object and the like, wherein the equipment in the process of establishing the three-dimensional model is managed, and meanwhile, the spatial data of a target place of the real world is obtained and fused with the three-dimensional model, so that the obtained three-dimensional model is attached to the real world, and the problems that the model cannot correspond to the real world in the existing model establishing process, the virtual picture cannot be fused with the reality in the process of using the three-dimensional model to make a virtual picture, and the sense of reality is lacked are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional modeling, in particular to a hybrid 3D modeling method based on physics and data driving.
Background
In the 3D modeling process, in the space data acquisition process, errors are generated from the original map arrangement to the space data warehousing process, and if effective means is not adopted for correction, the errors in each stage can be accumulated and propagated, so that the subsequent map analysis and data processing are influenced, meanwhile, in the existing model establishment process, the model cannot correspond to the real world, so that fusion with reality cannot be achieved in the process of using a three-dimensional model to make a virtual picture, and the sense of reality is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a physical and data-driven hybrid 3D modeling method, which is characterized in that equipment in the process of establishing a three-dimensional model is managed, and meanwhile, spatial data of a real world target place are acquired and fused with the three-dimensional model, so that the obtained three-dimensional model is attached to the real world, and the problems that the model cannot correspond to the real world in the existing model establishing process, the fusion with the reality cannot be realized in the process of using the three-dimensional model to make a virtual picture, and the reality is lacked are solved.
A hybrid 3D modeling method based on physics and data driving, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting and processing spatial data of a target place to obtain spatial data;
wherein the step S1 includes:
s11, collecting spatial data, carrying out digital processing on the map of the target land by using digital equipment to obtain a digital map, collecting topographic data of the target land and collecting surface feature data of the target land;
s12, error processing of the spatial data, namely selecting digital equipment according to standard parameters in the process of acquiring the spatial data in the step S11, and carrying out topographic map compiling on the acquired digital map, topographic data and surface feature data to obtain the spatial data of the target land;
s2, data modeling and modeling of terrain, and establishing a terrain data model according to the spatial data obtained in the step S1;
wherein, the step S2 includes:
s21, modeling the surface of the digital elevation model based on the irregular triangulation network, decomposing the irregular triangulation network into single triangles, and modeling on each triangle, so as to obtain the surface model of the whole irregular triangulation network and obtain a terrain data model;
s22, modeling the digital elevation model surface based on a regular grid, dividing a research area into grids on a two-dimensional plane to form a grid space structure covering the whole area, interpolating and calculating the elevation values of grid points by using terrain sampling points distributed around the grid points, and outputting the values according to a certain format to form the grid digital elevation model surface modeling of the area to obtain a terrain data model;
and S3, building a terrain data model according to the spatial data and the terrain data model obtained in the step S1, fusing the terrain data model and the terrain data model to obtain a three-dimensional model, and simultaneously superposing image texture data and digital elevation model data on the three-dimensional model.
Further, the digitizing device in step S11 includes a hand digitizer and a scanner, and the standard parameters in step S12 are that the resolution of the digitizer is not lower than 0.025mm, the precision is not lower than 0.2mm, and the resolution of the scanner is not lower than 0.083 mm.
Further, the step S3 includes constructing an independently operable three-dimensional entity object from the position, geometry information and other related attribute information of the feature in the spatial data obtained in the step S1, wherein the result of each type of feature modeling is saved in a customized structure in a file or a database.
Further, the processing procedure of the three-dimensional model obtained in step S3 further includes obtaining image texture data and digital elevation model data and positioning coordinates.
Furthermore, the image texture data is obtained by adopting a digital orthophoto map and carrying out digital scanning processing on aerial photo or high-resolution satellite remote sensing data, and the digital elevation model data is obtained by adopting a three-dimensional matrix Vector3() to establish a numerical matrix array (x, y, z) and store and sequence elevation coordinate points on the ground.
Further, the coordinate system transformation includes locating coordinates of key ground points in the terrain using a global coordinate system.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
according to the method, the device in the process of establishing the three-dimensional model is managed, and meanwhile, the space data of the real world target place is acquired and fused with the three-dimensional model, so that the obtained three-dimensional model is attached to the real world, and the problems that the model cannot correspond to the real world in the existing model establishing process, the model cannot be fused with the reality in the process of using the three-dimensional model to make a virtual picture, and the reality is lacked are solved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a hybrid 3D modeling method based on physics and data driving according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a hybrid 3D modeling method based on physics and data driving, including the following steps:
s1, collecting and processing spatial data of a target place to obtain spatial data;
the step S1 includes:
and S11, acquiring spatial data, performing digital processing on the map of the target land by using digital equipment to obtain a digital map, acquiring topographic data of the target land, and acquiring surface feature data of the target land.
S12, error processing of the spatial data, namely selecting a digital device according to standard parameters in the process of acquiring the spatial data in the step S11, wherein the standard parameters are that the resolution of a digitizer is not less than 0.025mm, the precision is not less than 0.2mm, the resolution of a scanner is not less than 0.083mm, and performing topographic map compiling on the acquired digital map, topographic data and surface feature data to obtain the spatial data of a target land;
specifically, the digitalizing device comprises a hand-held digitizer and a scanner, the hand-held tracking digitalizing device comprises a digitizing plate for fixing a map and a cursor for sampling, and the hand-held digitalizing process comprises the following three steps: preprocessing the drawing: before digitalizing the drawing, numbering according to the content of the drawing and each element of the drawing according to the uniform requirement of a numbering system, and generally numbering in regions by small scale framing or longitude and latitude positions so as to facilitate splicing and processing of the drawing; or when the region numbering is carried out according to the management range of the administrative region, the region numbering needs to be carried out on the pattern spots, the nodes, the chain segments and the independent points in advance, and the characteristic points and the characteristic lines on the main chain segments need to be recorded as necessary after the numbering is carried out in sequence in the digitization, so that the query of the recorded content comprises the following steps: after the number of the picture, the coordinates of the picture, the number content and other picture numbers, the picture can be positioned on the digitizer, and the digitalization of the picture is as follows: generally, a digitizer collects data in a point mode by adopting a point mode, a line mode and a data flow mode, and each isolated point on a map is recorded by positioning a cursor on the position of the collection point and pressing a button; in line mode, a straight line segment is recorded by digitizing the two end points of the segment, and a curve is recorded by digitizing a series of straight lines that make up it; in the data flow mode, the curve is a coordinate value point mode and a line mode which automatically acquire points on the curve at a specified interval of time or distance, and has the advantages of reducing loss of characteristic points as much as possible, high resampling precision and low sampling efficiency, and is generally suitable for a digital data flow mode of a cadastral chart and a planning chart, has the advantages of higher resampling efficiency and easy loss of the characteristic points, and is generally suitable for digital map relational connection of a topographic chart and a contour chart: the graph digitization only obtains the geometric coordinate data of the point, line and surface elements, the attribute information of the point, line and surface elements must be input, and the topological relation among the point, line and surface elements is generated, the topological relation can be established by a full polygon mode, a manual mode or an automatic mode, the topographic data adopts a photogrammetry method to establish a space topographic three-dimensional model, and the photogrammetry for measuring the intensive digital elevation data to establish the three-dimensional digital elevation model data comprises simulation, analysis and the photogrammetry of the digital photogrammetry and a remote sensing instrument according to the different selection modes of the topographic points in the photogrammetry industry, different elevation data acquisition methods can be adopted, such as a regular acquisition scheme (arranging sampling points according to an equidistant section or a regularly distributed grid), a progressive sampling scheme (simultaneously carrying out sampling and analysis and controlling the sampling process of the data analysis), Random sampling schemes (selective elevation data acquisition) and contour sampling schemes (contour data acquisition in a stereopair) for existing three-dimensional digital elevation model data, when the method is applied, the research purpose of the method and factors such as resolution, storage format, error and reliability of a three-dimensional digital elevation model are considered, and various data acquisition methods have respective advantages and disadvantages. In a virtual scene with a smaller scale, the ground features can be represented by predefined symbols, or a texture mapping method can be adopted: in a large-scale virtual terrain environment in a local area, ground objects need to appear in a real model according to a certain proportion. For the ground feature data, position information and plane geometry of an object are mainly acquired from a two-dimensional vector diagram through collection of points, lines and planes, and for the height and width of the ground feature, the height and width of the ground feature are recorded through an attribute database, so that the space information required by regional ground feature modeling is acquired from the two aspects.
S2, data modeling and modeling of terrain, and establishing a terrain data model according to the spatial data obtained in the step S1;
the step S2 includes:
s21, modeling the surface of the digital elevation model based on the irregular triangulation network, decomposing the irregular triangulation network into single triangles, and modeling on each triangle, so as to obtain the surface model of the whole irregular triangulation network and obtain a terrain data model;
s22, modeling the digital elevation model surface based on a regular grid, dividing a research area into grids on a two-dimensional plane to form a grid space structure covering the whole area, interpolating and calculating the elevation values of grid points by using terrain sampling points distributed around the grid points, and outputting the values according to a certain format to form the grid digital elevation model surface modeling of the area to obtain a terrain data model;
specifically, the digital elevation model surface modeling based on the irregular triangular mesh is characterized in that the irregular triangular mesh is a mesh consisting of a series of irregular triangles, three points of each triangle corresponding to a space are generally decomposed into single triangles based on the modeling of the irregular triangular mesh, modeling is carried out on each triangle so as to obtain a surface model of the whole irregular triangular mesh, the digital elevation model surface modeling based on the regular mesh is carried out, the digital elevation model based on the regular mesh firstly carries out mesh division on a two-dimensional plane on a research area so as to form a mesh space structure covering the whole area, then the elevation values of mesh points are interpolated by utilizing terrain sampling points distributed around the mesh points, finally the grid digital elevation model of the area is output according to a certain format, and the mesh digital elevation model of the area is formed to be summarized so as to establish the digital elevation model surface model, considering from the aspects of the accuracy, the continuous smoothness, the calculation amount and the like of the model, from the aspect of the grid type, in the irregular triangular grid, the first-order polynomial model is simplest, the square grid is most commonly used, the bilinear polynomial is simplest, the most commonly used but the high-order polynomial also has the characteristics of high accuracy and good smoothness compared with the triangular grid, the square grid has more types of terrain surface models due to the simple grid form, the calculation is also convenient from the data source, the elevation measurement data can be directly established, in addition, the measurement data can be indirectly established by deriving the data, namely, the elevation points are interpolated firstly, then the grid is established, and then the elevation points are interpolated in the method after the surface model is established, so the accumulation of errors is increased.
S3, data modeling and modeling of the ground feature, establishing a terrain data model according to the space data and the terrain data model obtained in the step S1, fusing the terrain data model to obtain a three-dimensional model, simultaneously superposing image texture data and digital elevation model data on the three-dimensional model, constructing an independently operable three-dimensional entity object from the position, the geometric shape information and other related attribute information of the ground feature in the space data obtained in the step S1, wherein the modeling result of each type of ground feature is stored in a file or a database in a self-defined structure, the processing process of the three-dimensional model obtained in the step S3 further comprises the acquisition of the image texture data and the digital elevation model data and the coordinate positioning, the acquisition mode of the image texture data is to adopt a digital orthographic image, and the image texture data is obtained by the digital scanning processing of an aerial photograph or high-resolution satellite remote sensing data, the digital elevation model data is used for establishing a numerical matrix array (x, y, z) by adopting a three-dimensional matrix Vector3() to store and sequence the elevation coordinate points of the ground, and the coordinate system conversion comprises the step of positioning the coordinates of the key ground points in the terrain by adopting a terrestrial coordinate system;
specifically, the three-dimensional modeling of the surface feature is to construct an independently operable three-dimensional entity object by using the surface feature position, geometric shape information and other related attribute information obtained from a two-dimensional map, and the results of each type of surface feature modeling of the three-dimensional entity object are stored in a file or a database in a self-defined structure and are organized in an object-oriented manner, so that the surface feature with a hierarchical structure of the surface feature type, the surface feature, the boundary surface, the triangle and the vertex can be further divided into two types: one is a space curved surface type ground object attached to the ground surface, such as roads, rivers, lakes and the like; the other type is a model ground object with simple shape represented by building buildings, which is characterized in that horizontal sections at different heights are the same, or the surface of the ground object meets the determined mathematical description, and direct modeling is almost impossible for the ground object with complex space geometry by means of a programming program, so that an indirect processing method can be adopted, firstly, professional modeling tool software is applied to customize the ground object model, then the built model is stored into a data structure which can be interpreted by a system, finally, the built model is embedded into a three-dimensional scene drawn by the system according to constraint conditions such as coordinate position, direction, size and the like, roads are typical strip ground objects, the left boundary line and the right boundary line which are parallel to the connecting line of two adjacent points on the central line are sequentially calculated according to the central line information of the roads, then, the left boundary line and the right boundary line are sealed into a polygon by a line segment vertical to the central line segment, and then texture mapping is carried out, the road model water system model is established in various types, some plane geometric information is in a surface shape, some plane geometric information is in a strip shape, such as lakes, oceans and the like, the establishment of the planar water system model is performed, texture mapping can be performed on the establishment of the strip water system model on the basis of the establishment of a plane, the method describes a river by a group of curved surfaces under the condition of the establishment of the road model, each river has unique identification ID information, direct modeling is almost impossible for ground objects with complicated space geometric shapes, such as overpasses, ground landscapes, vehicles and the like, so that the ground object model can be customized by using professional modeling tool software by adopting an indirect processing method, the established model is stored into a data structure which can be interpreted by a system, and the established model is embedded into a three-dimensional scene drawn by the system according to constraint conditions of coordinate positions, directions, sizes and the like, after the three-dimensional model is obtained, the created three-dimensional terrain environment can be particularly true through superposition of image texture data and digital elevation model data, coordinates of key ground points in the terrain are positioned by adopting a global coordinate system and are fused with the three-dimensional model, and the three-dimensional model corresponding to real world coordinates is obtained.
According to the physical and data-driven hybrid 3D modeling method disclosed by the embodiment, the equipment in the process of establishing the three-dimensional model is managed, and meanwhile, the space data of the target place of the real world is acquired and fused with the three-dimensional model, so that the obtained three-dimensional model is attached to the real world, and the problems that in the existing model establishing process, the model cannot correspond to the real world, the model cannot be fused with the reality in the process of using the three-dimensional model to make a virtual picture, and the sense of reality is lacked are solved.
It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed is an example of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
In the foregoing detailed description, various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments of the subject matter require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, invention lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby expressly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
For a software implementation, the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means as is known in the art.
What has been described above includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the aforementioned embodiments, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of various embodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. Furthermore, any use of the term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean a "non-exclusive or".
Claims (6)
1. A hybrid 3D modeling method based on physics and data driving is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting and processing spatial data of a target place to obtain spatial data;
wherein the step S1 includes:
s11, collecting spatial data, carrying out digital processing on the map of the target land by using digital equipment to obtain a digital map, collecting topographic data of the target land and collecting surface feature data of the target land;
s12, error processing of the spatial data, namely selecting digital equipment according to standard parameters in the process of acquiring the spatial data in the step S11, and carrying out topographic map compiling on the acquired digital map, topographic data and surface feature data to obtain the spatial data of the target land;
s2, data modeling and modeling of terrain, and establishing a terrain data model according to the spatial data obtained in the step S1;
wherein, the step S2 includes:
s21, modeling the surface of the digital elevation model based on the irregular triangulation network, decomposing the irregular triangulation network into single triangles, and modeling on each triangle, so as to obtain the surface model of the whole irregular triangulation network and obtain a terrain data model;
s22, modeling the digital elevation model surface based on a regular grid, dividing a research area into grids on a two-dimensional plane to form a grid space structure covering the whole area, interpolating and calculating the elevation values of grid points by using terrain sampling points distributed around the grid points, and outputting the values according to a certain format to form the grid digital elevation model surface modeling of the area to obtain a terrain data model;
and S3, building a terrain data model according to the spatial data and the terrain data model obtained in the step S1, fusing the terrain data model and the terrain data model to obtain a three-dimensional model, and simultaneously superposing image texture data and digital elevation model data on the three-dimensional model.
2. The physical and data driving-based hybrid 3D modeling method according to claim 1, wherein the digitizing device in step S11 comprises a hand digitizer and a scanner, and the standard parameters in step S12 are that the resolution of the digitizer is not less than 0.025mm, the precision is not less than 0.2mm, and the resolution of the scanner is not less than 0.083 mm.
3. The physical and data-driven hybrid 3D modeling method according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 comprises constructing an independently operable three-dimensional solid object from the position, geometry information and other related attribute information of the feature in the spatial data obtained in the step S1, wherein the result of each type of feature modeling is saved in a customized structure in a file or database.
4. A hybrid 3D modeling method based on physics and data driving as claimed in claim 3 wherein the processing of the three-dimensional model obtained in step S3 further includes the acquisition of image texture data and digital elevation model data and coordinate positioning.
5. The physical and data-driven hybrid 3D modeling method according to claim 4, wherein the image texture data is obtained by taking a digital orthophoto map and digitally scanning aerial photograph or high-resolution satellite remote sensing data, and the digital elevation model data is obtained by using a three-dimensional matrix Vector3() to establish a numerical matrix array (x, y, z) and store and sequence the elevation coordinate points on the ground.
6. The hybrid physical and data-driven 3D modeling method according to claim 4, wherein the coordinate system transformation includes locating the coordinates of the key ground points in the terrain using a global coordinate system.
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| CN114494587A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-13 | 北京吉威数源信息技术有限公司 | Vector stretching-based three-dimensional base map construction method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN117953175A (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-04-30 | 湖南速子文化科技有限公司 | Method, system, equipment and medium for constructing virtual world data model |
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