CN113435790B - Design method of electric bus charging and replacing station - Google Patents

Design method of electric bus charging and replacing station Download PDF

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CN113435790B
CN113435790B CN202110865717.2A CN202110865717A CN113435790B CN 113435790 B CN113435790 B CN 113435790B CN 202110865717 A CN202110865717 A CN 202110865717A CN 113435790 B CN113435790 B CN 113435790B
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charging
station
electric bus
replacing
battery
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CN113435790A (en
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吕应龙
许斯滨
符政鑫
段意强
许方园
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • G06Q50/26—Government or public services
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/04—Constraint-based CAD
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of an electric bus charging and exchanging station, which comprises the following steps: deploying a charging and battery replacing station in the region, and determining the position of the charging and battery replacing station; designing and calculating a charging and replacing station matrix and a missing electric quantity vector of a replacing battery of the electric bus according to the position of the charging and replacing station; establishing an electric bus running time sequence matrix, and designing and calculating a time sequence vector of the electric bus for replacing the battery and an operation time sequence matrix of a charging and exchanging station for replacing the battery; designing and calculating the power consumption of all charging and replacing stations according to the time sequence vector of battery replacement of the electric bus; and designing and calculating the quantity of the standby batteries, the battery replacing machines and the chargers in the charging and replacing station according to the operation time sequence matrix for replacing the batteries in the charging and replacing station. The invention fully considers the actual operation condition of the electric bus, efficiently and accurately obtains the equipment capacity and the working condition of the charging and replacing station, avoids the redundancy of facilities and the resource waste, ensures the planning and design of the charging and replacing station to be more reasonable, and ensures the normal operation of the electric bus.

Description

Design method of electric bus charging and replacing station
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traffic facility planning, in particular to a design method of an electric bus charging and replacing station.
Background
At present, compared with fuel automobiles, electric automobiles as a road traffic vehicle which is more environment-friendly and has lower running cost have continuously improved popularity in the field of road transportation, especially in passenger car groups. Accordingly, new charging facilities are required to be constructed in cities to serve the electric vehicles, which are increasing day by day. The charging and replacing station is a charging facility which can provide charging and replacing services for the power battery of the electric automobile: the full-charge battery is replaced for the electric automobile needing to be charged in a short time, and the replaced battery is charged, so that the effect of fully charging the electric automobile in a short time is achieved. However, it is difficult for the owner of the private car to agree to the battery replacement method corresponding to "shared battery". Therefore, the charging and replacing station is more suitable for the mechanisms which have more electric automobiles independently, such as a bus company and a taxi company. The infrastructure in the charging and replacing station comprises a battery replacing machine and a charger, wherein the battery replacing machine is used for detaching a battery of an electric automobile entering the station and replacing the battery with a fully charged battery, and the charger is used for charging the detached battery. The existing design planning about the electric bus charging and replacing station is less, the equipment capacity of the charging and replacing station is not considered in relation to the actual operation condition of the electric bus, the battery replacement and charging requirements of the electric bus cannot be met due to too small design of the equipment capacity of the charging and replacing station, and the facilities are idle and resources are wasted due to too large design. Therefore, a design method is needed to provide planning guidance for the charging and replacing power station.
Chinese patent CN107031439a published in 2017, 8, and 11 provides a method for replacing batteries of electric buses running at night, wherein a charging device is arranged in a battery replacement station of a bus-returning yard, and the method is used for counting the battery electric quantity of the buses when the buses exit and enter, the battery consumption of the buses back and forth, and the remaining running shift n of the buses on the same day; the method has the advantages that the charging device is unreasonably arranged, the equipment capacity of the charging device is not specifically designed, the operation condition of the electric bus at night is only considered, the charging device is only arranged in a car-returning field, the condition that the battery of the electric bus is insufficient during operation cannot be solved, and the normal operation of the electric bus cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a design method of an electric bus charging and exchanging station, which overcomes the defect of unreasonable planning and design of the charging and exchanging station in the prior art, fully considers the actual operation condition of the electric bus, efficiently and accurately calculates the equipment capacity and the working condition of the charging and exchanging station, and ensures the normal operation of the electric bus.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a design method of an electric bus charging and replacing station, which comprises the following steps:
s1: deploying a charging and replacing station in the region, and determining the position of the charging and replacing station;
s2: designing and calculating a charging and swapping station matrix and a missing electric quantity vector of a replacement battery of the electric bus according to the position of the charging and swapping station;
s3: establishing an electric bus running time sequence matrix, and designing and calculating a time sequence vector of the electric bus battery replacement and an operation time sequence matrix of the battery replacement of the charging and replacing station according to the charging and replacing station matrix and the missing electric quantity vector of the electric bus battery replacement;
s4: according to the time sequence vector of the battery replacement of the electric bus, the power utilization power of all the charging and replacing stations is designed and calculated;
s5: and designing and calculating the quantity of the standby batteries, the battery replacing machines and the chargers in the charging and replacing station according to the operation time sequence matrix for replacing the batteries in the charging and replacing station.
Preferably, the operation information of the electric bus in the area is determined, the design constraint condition of the electric bus charging and exchanging station is set, and the charging and exchanging station is deployed in the area according to the operation information of the electric bus and the design constraint condition of the electric bus charging and exchanging station.
Preferably, the operation information of the electric buses in the area includes: the system comprises an electric bus line, electric bus line stations, all bus stations in an area, the driving direction of the electric bus, the number of the electric bus lines and the operation time of the electric bus;
the design constraint conditions of the electric bus charging and replacing station comprise:
constraint one: the charging and replacing stations are arranged at the periphery of the bus station, and 1 charging and replacing station is correspondingly arranged at 1 bus station;
constraint two: when the electric bus enters the charging and replacing station to perform the battery replacing operation, at least 1 battery replacing machine and 1 charger are vacant;
constraint condition three: when the electric bus runs, the battery replacement operation is carried out when a charging and replacing station is met, and the battery replacement operation is finished when the bus enters the station;
constraint condition four: the battery arranged on each electric bus is regarded as a whole and is not separable.
Preferably, the specific method for determining the position of the charging and replacing power station comprises the following steps:
recording the set of all bus stops in the area as X = [ X ]1 x2 … xn]TWhere n represents the number of all bus stops in the area, xnRepresents the nth bus stop [. Sup. ]]TRepresenting a transpose operation, the dimension of X is n × 1:
i is the number of the electric bus line and represents the ith electric bus line; j represents the driving direction of the electric bus, when j =1 represents that the electric bus drives from the first station to the last station, and when j =2 represents that the electric bus drives from the last station to the first station;
constructing a line transformation matrix LTFi，jThe dimension is mxn, and m is the number of bus stops on the electric bus line;
obtaining the location LSD of the charging and swapping station according to the set of all bus stations and the line conversion matrixi，j：LSDi，j＝LTFi，j* And X, wherein X represents the product between the matrices.
Arranging a charging station at a bus station where each electric bus line passes, wherein the corresponding element value of the bus station is 1, and the corresponding element value of the bus station where the electric bus line does not pass is 0; the line conversion matrix reflects the arrangement condition of the charging and swapping stations on the lines of the electric bus, and the address selection position of the charging and swapping stations reflects the bus stop where each line is provided with the charging and swapping stations.
Preferably, the specific method for calculating the charging station matrix and the missing electric quantity vector of the replaced battery of the electric bus comprises the following steps:
according to LSDi，jCalculating a battery-replacement charging and replacing station matrix MBEX of an electric busi，j：
MBEXi，j＝(LSDi，j*SUVi，j T)·Ii，j
Wherein, SUVi，jRepresenting a pure 1 vector with dimension of m × 1; i isi，jRepresenting a unit matrix with dimension of m × m;
calculating the missing electric quantity first variable REGCNIi，j：
REGCNIi，j＝step(BTi，j*MBEXi，j*ATi，j)
Wherein, ATi，jRepresenting a first constant matrix with dimension m × m; BT (BT)i，jRepresenting a second constant matrix with dimension m × m; step (×) represents a step function;
calculating second variable REGCNII of missing electricityi，j：
REGCNIIi，j＝[REGCNIi，j·(ELi，j*SUVi，j T)T]*SUVi，j
Wherein, ELi，jRepresents the electricity consumption set, EL, of the electric bus between every two bus stops in the j direction of the ith electric bus linei，j＝[0 ec1，2 ec2，3 … ecm-1，m]T，ecm-1，mRepresenting the electricity consumption of the electric bus running from the m-1 st station to the m station; represents the Hadamard product;
calculating the third variable REGCNIII of the missing electricityi，j：
REGCNIIIi，j＝step(BTi，j*LSDi，j)
Calculating a first energy consumption for Driving ICNi，j：
ICNi，j＝REGCNIIi，j·REGCNIIIi，j
Calculating the second driving energy consumption BCNi，j：
BCNi，j＝REGCNIIi，j·(SUVi，j-REGCNIIIi，j)
Calculating the missing electric quantity vector CSD of the replacement battery of the electric busi，j，k：
CSDi，j，k＝ICNi，j+(emk-eoi，j，k)×REGCNIIIi，j+BCNi，j
Wherein k represents the number of the shift of the electric bus, CSDi，j，kThe lost electric quantity vector of the battery replacement of the ith electric bus in the j direction of the ith electric bus line is represented; emkIndicates the total battery capacity, eo, of the electric bus of the kth shifti，j，kAnd the initial electric quantity of the ith electric bus line j in the direction of the kth shift is represented.
Battery-replacing charging and exchanging power station matrix MBEX of electric busi，jThe method reflects the bus station where the battery of the electric bus is replaced; loss electric quantity first variable REGCNIi，jAnd a second variable REGCNII of the electricity lossi，jAnd the third variable REGCNIII of the electricity lossi，jFirst driving energy consumption ICNi，jSecond driving energy consumption BCNi，jAll are to calculate the missing electric quantity vector CSD of the electric bus battery replacementi，j，kThe electric bus battery-replacement missing electric quantity vector CSDi，j，kReflecting the power missing from the battery replaced by the charging and replacing station of the electric bus in the electric bus line; the step function step (×) has the calculation rule that if × > 0, 1 is output; and if the value is less than or equal to 0, outputting 0.
Preferably, the electric bus driving time sequence matrix is specifically:
counting the operation time of all the electric buses of all the shifts, and taking the earliest starting time and the latest stopping time in the operation time of all the shifts as the total operation time of the electric buses; equally dividing the total operation time of the electric bus into l time periods, and establishing a driving time sequence matrix DX of the electric busi，j，kDimension is l × m; the value of l is determined by the shortest time of all the electric buses running between two adjacent stations, i.e. l = total operation time of the electric buses/shortest time of running between two adjacent stations.
The electric bus running time sequence matrix equally divides the total running time of the electric bus into l time periods, each row represents the equally divided time periods, each column represents a bus stop, when the element value is 1, the row and column number of the element represents the time of the electric bus arriving at the stop, and the first column records the time of the electric bus starting from the first stop.
Preferably, the specific method for calculating the time sequence vector of the electric bus for replacing the battery and the operation time sequence matrix of the charging and replacing station for replacing the battery is as follows:
recording the time sequence vector of replacing the battery of the electric bus as CXi，j，kAnd then:
CXi，j，k＝DXi，j，k*CSDi，j，k
in the formula, CXi，j，kRepresents the time sequence vector of the battery replacement of the ith electric bus along the j direction of the ith electric bus line, DXi，j，kThe driving time sequence matrix of the ith electric bus in the kth class along the j direction of the ith electric bus line;
recording an operation time sequence matrix for replacing the battery of the battery charging and replacing station as BH, then:
Figure BDA0003187224880000051
BH is an operation time sequence matrix for replacing the battery of the charging and replacing power station, and dimension is l multiplied by n.
Time sequence vector CX for replacing battery of electric busi，j，kThe missing electric quantity of the electric bus for unloading the battery in a specific time period is reflected, and the operation time sequence matrix BH for replacing the battery by the charging and replacing station reflects the times for replacing the battery by the charging and replacing station in the specific time period.
Preferably, the specific method for calculating the power consumption of all the charging and replacing power stations comprises:
calculating a first variable RTI of the power consumptioni，j，k：
RTIi，j，k＝(SUVT*CXi，j，k T)·IT
Wherein SUVT represents a pure 1 vector with dimensions lx 1; IT represents a unit matrix, and the dimension is l multiplied by l;
calculating a second variable RTII of the electrical power consumptioni，j，k：
RTIIi，j，k＝step(ATT*RTIi，j，k)
Wherein, ATT represents a third constant matrix, and the dimension is l multiplied by l; step (×) represents a step function;
calculating a third variable RTIII of the power consumptioni，j，k：
RTIIIi，j，k＝(SUVT*CXi，j，k T)·RTIIi，j，k-ATT*RTIIi，j，k×p
Wherein, p represents the charging power of a charger in the charging and replacing power station;
calculating fourth variable RTIV of power consumptioni，j，k：
RTIVi，j，k＝CTT*[RTIIIi，j，k·step(RTIIIi，j，k)]+RTIi，j，k
Wherein, CTT represents a fourth constant matrix, and the dimension is l × l;
calculating power consumption PSP of charging and battery replacing stationi，j：
Figure BDA0003187224880000052
Constructing a time sequence arrangement matrix TREC, calculating the power consumption PHTP of all charging and replacing stations:
Figure BDA0003187224880000053
first variable RTI of power consumptioni，j，kAnd a second variable RTII of the power consumptioni，j，kAnd a third variable RTIII of the power consumptioni，j，kAnd the fourth variable RTIV of the power consumptioni，j，kAll are used for calculating the power consumption PSP of the charging and battery replacing stationi，jThe intermediate variable of (2), the power consumption PSP of the charging and replacing stationi，jReflecting the power consumption of the charging and replacing stations passing through the bus stop on a specific bus line in a specific time period; the purpose of the time sequence arrangement matrix TREC is to integrate the time periods equally divided by the electric bus running time sequence matrix into a complete hour, and if the time duration of the time periods equally divided by the electric bus running time sequence matrix is 20 minutes, integrate the 3 time periods of 20 minutes into a complete 1 hour, and multiply the complete 1 hour by the charging and exchanging stations on all the electric bus lines to obtain the electricity consumption of the charging and exchanging stations per hour.
Preferably, the specific method for calculating the number of the standby battery, the battery replacing machine and the charger in the battery charging and replacing station comprises the following steps:
constructing a first slice matrix TRB, and calculating the number BN of the standby batteries in the charging and switching station:
BN＝max(TRB*BH)
the time length of the TRB slices of the first slice matrix is the time required by the charger to fully charge the battery with the maximum power loss in the batteries replaced by the electric bus; max (x) represents the extremum solving operation;
recording the number of chargers in the charging and replacing power station as CN, wherein the number of the chargers is equal to the number of the standby batteries, namely CN = BN;
constructing a second slice matrix TRS, and calculating the number SN of battery replacing machines in the battery charging and replacing station:
SN＝max(TRS*BH)
and the time length of the second slice matrix TRS slice is the time required by the battery replacement machine to replace the battery for one electric bus.
Preferably, the first constant matrix ATi，jThe element values of the main diagonal line and the left lower part of the main diagonal line are all 1, the element value of the right upper part of the main diagonal line is 0, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003187224880000061
second constant matrix BTi，jThe element values of the main diagonal are all 1, the element values of the left lower part of the main diagonal are all-1, and the element values of the right upper part of the main diagonal are all 0, specifically:
Figure BDA0003187224880000062
the third constant matrix ATT has the main diagonal and the left lower element value of the main diagonal all 1, and the right upper element value of the main diagonal all 0, specifically:
Figure BDA0003187224880000071
in a fourth constant matrix CTT, the element value of the first row and the first column on the main diagonal is 1, the values of other elements on the main diagonal are-1, the value of the previous element of the element on the main diagonal is 1, and the values of the remaining elements in the matrix are 0, specifically:
Figure BDA0003187224880000072
compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, design constraint conditions are formulated, and on the premise of comprehensively considering the actual operation condition of the electric buses in the region, the power consumption power, the number of standby batteries, the number of chargers and the number of battery changing machines of all the charging and changing stations are obtained by using a matrix operation mode, so that the charging and changing stations can perfectly meet the operation requirements of the electric buses, the normal operation of the electric buses is ensured, the redundancy of facilities is avoided, the resource is wasted, and the planning and design of the charging and changing stations are more reasonable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for designing an electric bus charging and swapping station according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of all the bus stations in the area according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
The embodiment provides a design method of an electric bus charging and exchanging station, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s1: deploying a charging and replacing station in the region, and determining the position of the charging and replacing station;
s2: designing and calculating a charging and swapping station matrix and a missing electric quantity vector of a replacement battery of the electric bus according to the position of the charging and swapping station;
s3: establishing an electric bus running time sequence matrix, and designing and calculating a time sequence vector of the electric bus battery replacement and an operation time sequence matrix of the battery replacement of the charging and replacing station according to the charging and replacing station matrix and the missing electric quantity vector of the electric bus battery replacement;
s4: according to the time sequence vector of the battery replacement of the electric bus, the power utilization power of all the charging and replacing stations is designed and calculated;
s5: and designing and calculating the quantity of the standby batteries, the battery replacing machines and the chargers in the charging and replacing station according to the operation time sequence matrix for replacing the batteries in the charging and replacing station.
Determining the operation information of the electric bus in the area, setting the design constraint conditions of the electric bus charging and exchanging station, and deploying the charging and exchanging station in the area according to the operation information of the electric bus and the design constraint conditions of the electric bus charging and exchanging station.
The operation information of the electric bus in the region comprises: the system comprises an electric bus line, electric bus line stops, all bus stops in an area, the driving direction of the electric bus, the number of the electric bus lines and the operating time of the electric bus.
The design constraint conditions of the electric bus charging and replacing station comprise:
constraint one: the charging and replacing stations are arranged at the periphery of the bus station, and 1 charging and replacing station is correspondingly arranged at 1 bus station;
constraint two: when the electric bus enters a charging and battery replacing station for battery replacing operation, at least 1 battery replacing machine and 1 charger are vacant;
constraint condition three: when the electric bus runs, the battery replacement operation is carried out when a charging and replacing station is met, and the battery replacement operation is finished when the bus enters the station;
constraint condition four: the battery arranged on each electric bus is regarded as a whole and is not separable.
The specific method for determining the position of the charging and battery replacing station comprises the following steps:
recording the set of all bus stops in the area as X = [ X ]1 x2 … xn]TWhere n represents the number of all bus stops in the area, xnRepresents the nth bus stop [. Sup. ]]TRepresenting a transpose operation, the dimension of X is n × 1:
i is the number of the electric bus line and represents the ith electric bus line; j represents the driving direction of the electric bus, when j =1 represents that the electric bus drives from the first station to the last station, and when j =2 represents that the electric bus drives from the last station to the first station;
constructing a line transformation matrix LTFi，jThe dimensionality is mxn, and m is the number of bus stops on the electric bus line;
obtaining the location LSD of the charging and swapping station according to the set of all bus stations and the line conversion matrixi，j：LSDi，i＝LTFi，j* And X, wherein X represents the product between the matrices.
Arranging a charging station at a bus station where each electric bus line passes, wherein the corresponding element value of the bus station is 1, and the corresponding element value of the bus station where the electric bus line does not pass is 0; the line conversion matrix reflects the arrangement condition of the charging and replacing stations on the electric bus lines, and the address selection position of the charging and replacing stations reflects the bus stop where each line is provided with the charging and replacing stations.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, taking 8 bus stops in an area as an example, a set of all bus stops is marked as X = [ X ]1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8]TAnd a plurality of electric bus lines exist in the area, wherein the number of the electric bus lines is 1:
Figure BDA0003187224880000091
for example, j =1 when driving from the head station to the end station, and j =2 when driving from the end station to the head station; the number of bus stops on the electric bus line is 4, the number of all bus stops in the area is 8, and the constructed lineTransformation matrix LTFi，jThe dimension of (2) is 4 × 8, specifically, the line transformation matrix in two directions of the line is:
Figure BDA0003187224880000092
multiplying with all the bus stop sets X respectively to obtain the address selection positions of the charging and battery changing stations:
LSD1，1＝[x1 x2 x3 x4]T LSD1，2＝[x4 x3 x2x1]T
the specific method for calculating the charging station matrix and the missing electric quantity vector of the replacement battery of the electric bus comprises the following steps:
according to LSDi，jCalculating a battery-replacement charging and replacing station matrix MBEX of an electric busi，j：
MBEXi，j＝(LSDi，j*SUVi，j T)·Ii，j
Wherein, SUVi，jRepresenting a pure 1 vector with dimension of m × 1; i isi，jRepresenting a unit matrix with dimension of m × m;
SUVi，jhas a dimension of 4 × 1,Ii，jIs 4 × 4, then SUV1，1＝[1 1 1 1]T，
Figure BDA0003187224880000101
In the constraint condition three, the battery replacement operation is performed when the electric bus meets the charging and replacing station, so that the element value of the bus station where the battery replacement is performed is recorded as 1, and otherwise, the element value is 0, that is:
Figure BDA0003187224880000102
calculating a loss electricity first variable REGCNIi，j：
REGCNIi，j＝step(BTi，j*MBEXi，j*ATi，j)
Wherein, ATi，jRepresenting a first constant matrix with dimension m × m; BT (BT)i，jRepresenting a second constant matrix with dimension m × m; step (×) represents a step function; first constant matrix ATi，jThe main diagonal and the element values at the left lower part of the main diagonal are both 1, and the element values at the right upper part of the main diagonal are both 0, in this embodiment, the dimension of the first constant matrix is 4 × 4, specifically:
Figure BDA0003187224880000103
second constant matrix BTi，jThe element values of the main diagonal line are all 1, the element values of the left lower part of the main diagonal line are all-1, and the element values of the right upper part of the main diagonal line are all 0, in this embodiment, the dimension of the second constant matrix is 4 × 4, specifically:
Figure BDA0003187224880000104
calculating second variable REGCNII of missing electricityi，j：
REGCNIIi，j＝[REGCNIi，j·(ELi，j*SUVi，j T)T]*SUVi，j
Wherein, ELi，jRepresents the electricity consumption set, EL, of the electric bus between every two bus stops on the ith electric bus line j directioni，j＝[0 ec1，2 ec2，3 … ecm-1，m]T，ecm-1，mRepresenting the electricity consumption of the electric bus running from the m-1 st station to the m station; represents the Hadamard product;
calculating the third variable REGCNIII of the missing electricityi，j：
REGCNIIIi，j＝step(BTi，j*LSDi，j)
The step function step (×) has the calculation rule that if × > 0, 1 is output; if the value is less than or equal to 0, outputting 0;
calculating a first energy consumption for Driving ICNi，j：
ICNi，j＝REGCNIIi，j·REGCNIIIi，j
Calculating the second driving energy consumption BCNi，j：
BCNi，j＝REGCNIIi，j·(SUVi，j-REGCNIIIi，j)
Calculating the missing electric quantity vector CSD of the replacement battery of the electric busi，j，k：
CSDi，j，k＝ICNi，j+(emk-eoi，j，k)×REGCNIIIi，j+BCNi，j
Wherein k represents the number of the shift of the electric bus, CSDi，j，kThe lost electric quantity vector of the battery replacement of the ith electric bus in the j direction of the ith electric bus line is represented; emkIndicates the total battery capacity, eo, of the electric bus of the kth shifti，j，kAnd the initial electric quantity of the ith electric bus line j in the direction of the kth shift is represented.
Battery-replacing charging and exchanging power station matrix MBEX of electric busi，jThe method reflects the bus station where the battery of the electric bus is replaced; loss electric quantity first variable REGCNIi，jAnd a second variable REGCNII of the electricity lossi，jAnd the third variable REGCNIII of the electricity lossi，jFirst driving energy consumption ICNi，jSecond driving energy consumption BCNi，jAll are to calculate the missing electric quantity vector CSD of the electric bus battery replacementi，j，kThe electric bus battery-replacement missing capacity vector CSDi，j，kReflecting the amount of power lost by a battery of an electric bus being replaced at a charging station in the electric bus route, e.g. CSD1，1，1＝[0 20 0 10]TThe 1 st electric bus route is x in the direction from the first station to the last station, wherein the 1 st shift of the electric bus is shown2The lost electric quantity of the battery replaced in the charging and replacing station of the bus stop is 20,at x4The lost electric quantity of a battery replaced in a charging and replacing station of the bus station is 10;
the electric bus driving time sequence matrix is specifically as follows:
counting the operation time of all the electric buses of all the shifts, and taking the earliest starting time and the latest stopping time in the operation time of all the shifts as the total operation time of the electric buses; equally dividing the total operation time of the electric bus into l time periods, and establishing a driving time sequence matrix DX of the electric busi，j，kDimension is l × m; the value of l is determined by the shortest time of all the electric buses running between two adjacent stations, i.e. l = total operation time of the electric buses/shortest time of running between two adjacent stations.
The electric bus running time sequence matrix equally divides the total running time of the electric bus into l time periods, each row represents the equally divided time periods, each column represents a bus stop, when the element value is 1, the row and column number of the element represents the time of the electric bus arriving at the stop, and the first column records the time of the electric bus starting from the first stop.
Assuming that the total electric bus operating time is 8-9, the shortest time to travel between two adjacent stations is 10 minutes, the total electric bus operating time is equally divided into 6 time periods, the first time period is 8-10, the second time period is 8-20, the third time period is 8; then the electric bus driving time sequence matrix DXi，j，kDimension of (d) is 6 × 4; with DX1，1，1For example, the following steps are carried out:
Figure BDA0003187224880000121
the electric bus which represents the 1 st electric bus line from the first station to the last station in the 1 st shift is 10-81Bus stop origination, x is reached at a third time period of 82Bus stop, at fifth time period 83Bus stop in sixth time period 8:50-94A bus stop.
The specific method for calculating the time sequence vector of the replacement battery of the electric bus and the operation time sequence matrix of the replacement battery of the charging and replacing station comprises the following steps:
recording the time sequence vector of battery replacement of the electric bus as CXi，j，kAnd then:
CXi，j，k＝DXi，j，k*CSDi，j，k
in the formula, CXi，j，kRepresents the time sequence vector of the battery replacement of the ith electric bus along the j direction of the ith electric bus line, DXi，j，kThe driving time sequence matrix of the ith electric bus in the kth class along the j direction of the ith electric bus line;
recording an operation time sequence matrix for replacing the battery of the battery charging and replacing station as BH, then:
Figure BDA0003187224880000122
BH is an operation time sequence matrix for replacing the battery of the charging and replacing power station, and dimension is l multiplied by n.
Time sequence vector CX for replacing battery of electric busi，j，kThe missing electric quantity of the electric bus for unloading the battery in a specific time period is reflected, and the operation time sequence matrix BH for replacing the battery by the charging and replacing station reflects the times for replacing the battery by the charging and replacing station in the specific time period. For example, CX1，1，1＝[0 0 20 0 0 10]TThe electric bus of the 1 st electric bus line in the 1 st shift from the first station to the last station has a power loss of 20 in the third time period 8.
Figure BDA0003187224880000131
Taking element 3 in row 4, column 1 as an example, x is represented1And the battery replacement operation is carried out 3 times in the charging and replacing station of the bus station in a fourth time period 8.
The specific method for calculating the power consumption of all the charging and replacing power stations comprises the following steps:
calculating a first variable RTI of the power consumptioni，j，k：
RTIi，j，k＝(SUVT*CXi，j，k T)·IT
Wherein SUVT represents a pure 1 vector with dimensions lx 1; IT represents a unit matrix, and the dimension is l multiplied by l; in the present embodiment, the dimension of SUVT is 6 × 1, and the dimension of IT is 6 × 6, then
SUVT＝[1 1 1 1 1 1]T，
Figure BDA0003187224880000132
Calculating a second variable RTII of the power consumptioni，j，k：
RTIIi，j，k＝step(ATT*RTIi，j，k)
Wherein, ATT represents a third constant matrix, and the dimension is l multiplied by l; step (×) represents a step function;
the main diagonal line and the left lower element value of the main diagonal line of the third constant matrix ATT are both 1, and the right upper element value of the main diagonal line is both 0, in this embodiment, the dimension of the third constant matrix is 6 × 6, specifically:
Figure BDA0003187224880000133
calculating a third variable RTIII of the power consumptioni，j，k：
RTIIIi，j，k＝(SUVT*CXi，j，k T)·RTIIi，j，k-ATT*RTIIi，j，k×p
Wherein, p represents the charging power of a charger in the charging and replacing power station;
calculating fourth variable RTIV of power consumptioni，j，k：
RTIVi，j，k＝CTT*[RTIIIi，j，k·step(RTIIIi，j，k)]+RTIi，j，k
Wherein, CTT represents a fourth constant matrix, and the dimension is l × l;
in the fourth constant matrix CTT, the element value of the first row and the first column on the main diagonal is 1, the values of other elements on the main diagonal are-1, the value of the previous element of the element on the main diagonal is 1, and the values of the remaining elements in the matrix are 0, in this embodiment, the dimension of the fourth constant matrix is 6 × 6, specifically:
Figure BDA0003187224880000141
calculating power consumption PSP of charging and battery replacing stationi，j：
Figure BDA0003187224880000142
For example, in the case of a liquid,
Figure BDA0003187224880000143
element 10 of row 2, column 1 represents x1And the electricity utilization power of the charging and replacing station at the bus stop in the second time period 8.
Constructing a time sequence arrangement matrix TREC, calculating the power consumption PHTP of all charging and replacing stations:
Figure BDA0003187224880000144
first variable RTI of power consumptioni，j，kAnd a second variable RTII of the power consumptioni，j，kAnd a third variable RTIII of the power consumptioni，j，kAnd the fourth variable RTIV of the power consumptioni，j，kAll are used for calculating the power consumption PSP of the charging and replacing power stationi，jThe intermediate variable of (2), the power consumption PSP of the charging and replacing stationi，jReflecting the power consumption of the charging and replacing stations passing through the bus stop on a specific bus line in a specific time period; the purpose of the time sequence arrangement matrix TREC is to integrate the time periods equally divided by the electric bus running time sequence matrix into a complete hour, and if the time duration of the time periods equally divided by the electric bus running time sequence matrix is 20 minutes, the time periods of 3 20 minutes are integratedAnd multiplying the power consumption of the power station by the power stations on all the electric bus lines for 1 hour to obtain the hourly power consumption of the power stations.
For example
Figure BDA0003187224880000151
Element 10 in row 1, column 4 represents x4The power consumption of the charging and replacing stations at the bus station in the first 1 hour is 10, and the charging working state of the charging and replacing stations can be displayed through the power consumption PHTP of all the charging and replacing stations, such as the power consumption and the time sequence distribution condition of the charging and replacing stations for charging batteries in a specific time period, and the power consumption rated capacity of each charging and replacing station.
The specific method for calculating the number of the standby batteries, the battery replacing machines and the chargers in the charging and replacing station comprises the following steps:
constructing a first slice matrix TRB, and calculating the number BN of the standby batteries in the charging and switching station:
BN＝max(TRB*BH)
the time length of the TRB slices of the first slice matrix is the time required by the charger to fully charge the battery with the maximum power loss in the batteries replaced by the electric bus; max (x) represents the extremum solving operation;
recording the number of chargers in the charging and replacing power station as CN, wherein the number of the chargers is equal to the number of the standby batteries, namely CN = BN;
constructing a second slice matrix TRS, and calculating the number SN of battery replacing machines in the battery charging and replacing station:
SN＝max(TRS*BH)
and the time length of the second section matrix TRS section is the time required by the battery changing machine to change the battery for one electric bus.
For example, BN = [ 30 01 0]In, the element value 3 represents x13 batteries are configured in the charging and replacing station of the bus stop. The first and second slice matrices are similar in structure to
Figure BDA0003187224880000152
The function is to divide an integral large time period into a plurality of small time periods in equal proportion, and the time number contained in the small time periodAll are the same, and the degree of segmentation needs to be determined according to the corresponding operation time and experience. Although the constraint condition in this embodiment is set, the electric bus has to enter the charging and swapping station for battery replacement operation as long as passing through the charging and swapping station, it may be set that the electric bus enters the charging and swapping station for battery replacement operation when the current electric quantity of the battery is lower than the minimum electric quantity threshold.
The practical operation condition of the electric bus is fully considered in the embodiment, the operation time sequence matrix for replacing the battery of the electric bus, the power consumption power of all the charging and exchanging stations, the number of the standby batteries, the number of the chargers and the number of the battery exchanging machines are efficiently and accurately calculated, so that the charging and exchanging stations can meet the operation requirements of the electric bus perfectly, the normal operation of the electric bus is ensured, and the redundancy of facilities and the waste of resources are avoided.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A design method of an electric bus charging and replacing station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: deploying a charging and replacing station in the region, and determining the position of the charging and replacing station;
s2: designing and calculating a charging and swapping station matrix and a missing electric quantity vector of a replacement battery of the electric bus according to the position of the charging and swapping station; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
calculating a battery-replacement charging and replacing station matrix MBEX of an electric busi,j：
MBEXi,j＝(LSDi,j*SUVi,j T)·Ii,j
Wherein, LSDi,jIndicating the location of the charging and swapping station, SUVi,jRepresenting a pure 1 vector with dimension of m × 1; i isi,jRepresenting a unit matrix with dimension of m multiplied by m;
calculating the missing electric quantity first variable REGCNIi,j：
REGCNIi,j＝step(BTi,j*MBEXi,j*ATi,j)
Wherein, ATi,jRepresenting a first constant matrix with dimension m × m; BT (BT)i,jRepresenting a second constant matrix with dimension m × m; step (, denotes a step function;
calculating second variable REGCNII of missing electricityi,j：
REGCNIIi,j＝[REGCNIi,j·(ELi,j*SUVi,j T)T]*SUVi,j
Wherein, ELi,jRepresents the electricity consumption set, EL, of the electric bus between every two bus stops in the j direction of the ith electric bus linei,j＝[0 ec1,2 ec2,3…ecm-1,m]T，ecm-1,mRepresenting the electricity consumption of the electric bus running from the m-1 st station to the m station; represents the Hadamard product;
calculating the third variable REGCNIII of the missing electricityu,j：
REGCNIIIi,j＝step(BTi,j*LSDi,j)
Calculating a first energy consumption for Driving ICNi,j：
ICNi,j＝REGCNIIi,j·REGCNIIIi,j
Calculating the second driving energy consumption BCNi,j：
BCNi,j＝REGCNIIi,j·(SUVi,j-REGCNIIIi,j)
Calculating the missing electric quantity vector CSD of the replacement battery of the electric busi,j,k：
CSDi,j,k＝ICNi,j+(emk-eoi,j,k)×REGCNIIIi,j+BCNi,j
Wherein k represents the number of the electric bus, CSDi,j,kExpress the ith electric bus lineThe missing electric quantity vector of the battery of the electric bus of the kth shift in the direction of the road j is replaced; emkIndicates the total battery capacity, eo, of the electric bus of the kth shifti,j,kThe initial electric quantity of the ith electric bus line j direction when the kth class of electric bus starts is represented;
s3: establishing an electric bus running time sequence matrix, and designing and calculating a time sequence vector of the electric bus battery replacement and an operation time sequence matrix of the battery replacement of the charging and replacing station according to the charging and replacing station matrix and the missing electric quantity vector of the electric bus battery replacement;
the electric bus running time sequence matrix is specifically as follows: counting the operation time of all the electric buses of all the shifts, and taking the earliest starting time and the latest stopping time in the operation time of all the shifts as the total operation time of the electric buses; equally dividing the total operation time of the electric bus into l time periods, and establishing a driving time sequence matrix DX of the electric busi,j,kDimension is l × m; the value of l is determined by the shortest time spent by all the electric buses running between two adjacent stations, namely l = total operation time of the electric buses/the shortest time spent in running between two adjacent stations;
s4: according to the time sequence vector of the battery replacement of the electric bus, the power utilization power of all the charging and replacing stations is designed and calculated;
s5: and designing and calculating the quantity of the standby batteries, the battery replacing machines and the chargers in the charging and replacing station according to the operation time sequence matrix for replacing the batteries in the charging and replacing station.
2. The design method of the electric bus charging and exchanging station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operation information of the electric buses in the area is determined, the design constraint condition of the electric bus charging and exchanging station is set, and the charging and exchanging station is deployed in the area according to the operation information of the electric buses and the design constraint condition of the electric bus charging and exchanging station.
3. The design method of the electric bus charging station as claimed in claim 2, wherein the operation information of the electric buses in the area includes: the system comprises an electric bus line, electric bus line stations, all bus stations in an area, the driving direction of the electric bus, the number of the electric bus lines and the operation time of the electric bus;
the design constraint conditions of the electric bus charging and replacing station comprise:
constraint one: the charging and replacing stations are arranged at the periphery of the bus station, and 1 charging and replacing station is correspondingly arranged at 1 bus station;
constraint two: when the electric bus enters the charging and replacing station to perform the battery replacing operation, at least 1 battery replacing machine and 1 charger are vacant;
constraint conditions three: when the electric bus runs, the battery replacement operation is carried out when a charging and replacing station is met, and the battery replacement operation is finished when the bus enters the station;
constraint conditions four: the battery arranged on each electric bus is regarded as a whole and is not separable.
4. The design method of the electric bus charging and replacing station as claimed in claim 3, wherein the specific method for determining the position of the charging and replacing station is as follows:
recording the set of all bus stops in the area as X = [ X ]1 x2…xn]TWhere n represents the number of all bus stops in the area, xnRepresents the nth bus stop [. Sup. ]]TRepresenting a transpose operation, the dimension of X being n × 1;
i is the number of the electric bus line and represents the ith electric bus line; j represents the driving direction of the electric bus, when j =1 represents that the electric bus drives from the first station to the last station, and when j =2 represents that the electric bus drives from the last station to the first station;
constructing a line transformation matrix LTFi,jDimension is mxn, and m is the number of bus stops on the electric bus route;
obtaining the location LSD of the charging and swapping station according to the set of all bus stations and the line conversion matrixi,j：LSDi,j＝LTFi,j* And X, wherein X represents the product between the matrices.
5. The method for designing an electric bus charging and replacing station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for calculating the time sequence vector for replacing the battery of the electric bus and the operation time sequence matrix for replacing the battery of the charging and replacing station is as follows:
recording the time sequence vector of battery replacement of the electric bus as CXi,j,kAnd then:
CXi,j,k＝DXi,j,k*CSDi,j,k
in the formula, CXi,j,kRepresents the time sequence vector of the battery replacement of the ith electric bus along the j direction of the ith electric bus line, DXi,j,kThe driving time sequence matrix of the ith electric bus in the kth class along the j direction of the ith electric bus line;
recording an operation time sequence matrix for replacing the battery of the battery charging and replacing station as BH, then:
Figure FDA0003756372870000031
BH is an operation time sequence matrix for replacing the battery of the charging and replacing power station, and dimension is l multiplied by n.
6. The design method of the electric bus charging and swapping station as claimed in claim 5, wherein the specific method for calculating the power consumption of all the charging and swapping stations is as follows:
calculating a first variable RTI of the power consumptioni,j,k：
RTIi,j,k＝(SUVT*CXi,j,k T)·IT
Wherein SUVT represents a pure 1 vector with dimensions lx 1; IT represents a unit matrix, and the dimension is l multiplied by l;
calculating a second variable RTII of the electrical power consumptioni,j,k：
RTIIi,j,k＝step(ATT*RTIi,j,k)
Wherein, ATT represents a third constant matrix, and the dimension is l multiplied by l; step (×) represents a step function;
calculating a third variable RTIII of the power consumptioni,j,k：
RTIIIi,j,k＝(SUVT*CXi,j,k T)·RTIIi,j,k-ATT*RTIIi,j,k×p
Wherein, p represents the charging power of a charger in the charging and replacing power station;
calculating fourth variable RTIV of power consumptioni,j,k：
RTIVi,j,k＝CTT*[RTIIIi,j,k·step(RTIIIi,j,k)]+RTIi,j,k
Wherein, CTT represents a fourth constant matrix, and the dimension is l × l;
calculating power consumption PSP of charging and battery replacing stationi,j：
Figure FDA0003756372870000041
Constructing a time sequence arrangement matrix TREC, calculating the power consumption PHTP of all charging and replacing stations:
Figure FDA0003756372870000042
7. the design method of the electric bus charging and replacing station as claimed in claim 6, wherein the specific method for calculating the number of the standby batteries, the battery replacing machines and the chargers in the charging and replacing station is as follows:
constructing a first slice matrix TRB, and calculating the number BN of the standby batteries in the charging and switching station:
BN＝max(TRB*BH)
the time length of the TRB slices of the first slice matrix is the time required by the charger to fully charge the battery with the maximum power loss in the batteries replaced by the electric bus; max (x) represents the extremum solving operation;
recording the number of chargers in the charging and replacing power station as CN, wherein the number of the chargers is equal to the number of the standby batteries, namely CN = BN;
constructing a second slice matrix TRS, and calculating the number SN of battery replacing machines in the battery charging and replacing station:
SN＝max(TRS*BH)
and the time length of the second slice matrix TRS slice is the time required by the battery replacement machine to replace the battery for one electric bus.
8. Method for designing an electric bus charging station according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the first constant matrix ATi,jThe element values of the main diagonal line and the left lower part of the main diagonal line are all 1, the element value of the right upper part of the main diagonal line is 0, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003756372870000051
second constant matrix BTi,jThe element values of the main diagonal are all 1, the element values of the left lower part of the main diagonal are all-1, and the element values of the right upper part of the main diagonal are all 0, specifically:
Figure FDA0003756372870000052
the third constant matrix ATT has a main diagonal line and a lower left element value of the main diagonal line both equal to 1, and has an upper right element value of 0, specifically:
Figure FDA0003756372870000053
in a fourth constant matrix CTT, the element value of the first row and the first column on the main diagonal is 1, the values of other elements on the main diagonal are-1, the value of the previous element of the element on the main diagonal is 1, and the values of the remaining elements in the matrix are 0, specifically:
Figure FDA0003756372870000054
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