CN113433016A - Dynamic periodic loading reciprocating type friction and wear test device - Google Patents
Dynamic periodic loading reciprocating type friction and wear test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113433016A CN113433016A CN202110642397.4A CN202110642397A CN113433016A CN 113433016 A CN113433016 A CN 113433016A CN 202110642397 A CN202110642397 A CN 202110642397A CN 113433016 A CN113433016 A CN 113433016A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
- G01N2203/0623—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means using piezoelectric gauges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
Abstract
The invention provides a dynamic periodic loading reciprocating type friction wear test device which comprises a frame structure, a loading structure, a dynamic loading structure, a pressure head and a reciprocating motion structure, wherein the frame structure is provided with a plurality of loading holes; the loading structure comprises a first moving plate, a second moving plate and a spring module, the first moving plate and the second moving plate are respectively installed on a sliding track in a sliding mode through sliding blocks, and the sliding track is fixedly installed on the frame structure; the spring module comprises a piezoelectric force sensor and a spring, and the piezoelectric force sensor is fixedly arranged on the second moving plate; the dynamic loading structure comprises electromagnet E iron and electromagnet I iron; the top of the pressure head is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the second moving plate, a clamp seat is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the pressure head, and the electromagnet I iron is fixedly arranged on the clamp seat; the reciprocating structure is positioned below the pressure head. The technical scheme of the invention can realize quick and accurate evaluation of the friction and wear performance of the friction pair.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction and wear testing machines, in particular to a reciprocating friction and wear testing device with dynamic periodic loading.
Background
In practice, the force applied to the friction pair by mutual friction is often a broadband-wide amplitude impact load rather than a single constant load, and the actual applied impact load is a cyclic dynamic load in most cases. The load that can apply on the object surface by current friction wear testing machine is under the constant load mostly (fix 100N or several newtons or several hundred newtons), can not form impact load, can not be close to actual conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to simulate the friction and wear behavior of parts under impact load in actual working conditions and enable the friction and wear behavior to be closer to the actual working conditions compared with a traditional friction and wear testing machine under experimental conditions, the invention provides a reciprocating friction and wear testing device with dynamic periodic loading, which can realize quick and accurate evaluation on the friction and wear performance of a friction pair.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a reciprocating friction and wear test device with dynamic periodic loading comprises a frame structure, a loading structure, a dynamic loading structure, a pressure head and a reciprocating motion structure;
the frame structure adopts a gantry structure;
the loading structure comprises a first moving plate, a second moving plate and a spring module, the first moving plate and the second moving plate are respectively installed on a sliding track in a sliding mode through sliding blocks, and the sliding track is fixedly installed on the frame structure; the first moving plate and the second moving plate are arranged up and down; the spring module comprises a piezoelectric force sensor and a spring, the piezoelectric force sensor is fixedly installed on the second moving plate, the bottom of the spring is installed on the piezoelectric force sensor, and the top of the spring is fixedly installed on the first moving plate; a screw rod for applying loading force is fixedly arranged at the top of the moving plate;
the dynamic loading structure comprises an electromagnet E iron and an electromagnet I iron, the electromagnet E iron is fixedly arranged on the frame structure, and the electromagnet I iron is positioned below the electromagnet E iron;
the top of the pressure head is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the second moving plate, a clamp seat is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the pressure head, and the electromagnet I iron is fixedly arranged on the clamp seat;
the reciprocating motion structure is located the pressure head below, the reciprocating motion structure includes reciprocal slip table and slide rail, slide rail fixed mounting in frame construction, reciprocal slip table slidable mounting in the slide rail.
Further, a loading handle is fixedly installed at the top of the screw rod.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric force sensor adopts a CL-YD-2311 type piezoelectric force sensor.
Furthermore, a thermocouple and a heating rod are arranged inside the reciprocating sliding table and are respectively used for monitoring and controlling the temperature of the reciprocating sliding table.
Further, two dynamic loading structures are arranged on the side face of the pressure head.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the piezoelectric force sensor is provided with a protruding structure, and the bottom of the spring is arranged on the outer side of the protruding structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the dynamic periodic loading reciprocating type friction and wear test device provided by the invention introduces the actual working condition (impact load) into the experiment, develops an impact load friction and wear test machine scheme which integrates impact-constant load combination and realizes the integration of circulated impact load, ultrahigh load, variable speed, adjustable frequency and adjustable amplitude by controlling the work of an electromagnet; in the experiment of material grade, the friction performance of a new material, a new matching pair and a new coating can be rapidly degraded in the experiment by using an impact load method, and the aim of greatly shortening the research and development period of the new material is fulfilled.
Based on the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the field of friction and wear testing machines.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the test apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the testing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a real-time collection curve of different excitation forces under the same frequency.
Fig. 4 is a real-time collection curve of different frequencies under the same excitation force.
FIG. 5 shows the wear section profile of 7075 aluminum alloy under constant load and dynamic load.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional wear profile of 7075 aluminum alloy under constant load.
Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional wear profile of 7075 aluminum alloy under impact load.
In the figure: 1. a frame structure; 2. moving a first plate; 3. moving a second plate; 4. a slider; 5. a sliding track; 6. a piezoelectric force sensor; 7. a spring; 8. a screw; 9. electromagnet E iron; 10. electromagnet I iron; 11. a pressure head; 12. a reciprocating sliding table; 13. a slide rail; 14. a loading handle.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a dynamic periodic loading reciprocating friction and wear testing apparatus, which comprises a frame structure, a loading structure, a dynamic loading structure, a pressure head 11, and a reciprocating structure;
the frame structure 1 adopts a gantry structure;
the loading structure comprises a first moving plate 2, a second moving plate 3 and a spring module, the first moving plate 2 and the second moving plate 3 are respectively installed on a sliding track 5 in a sliding mode through a sliding block 4, and the sliding track 5 is fixedly installed on the frame structure 1; the first moving plate 2 and the second moving plate 3 are arranged up and down; the spring module comprises a piezoelectric force sensor 6 and a spring 7, the piezoelectric force sensor 6 is fixedly installed on the second moving plate 3, the bottom of the spring 7 is installed on the piezoelectric force sensor 6, and the top of the spring is fixedly installed on the first moving plate 2; the top of the first moving plate 2 is fixedly provided with a screw 8 for applying loading force; by adopting the structure of the double sliding blocks, the influence on the precision caused by the play of the single sliding block can be eliminated, and the rigidity of the integral loading structure can be improved;
the dynamic loading structure comprises an electromagnet E iron 9 and an electromagnet I iron 10, the electromagnet E iron 9 is fixedly arranged on the frame structure 1, and the electromagnet I iron 10 is positioned below the electromagnet E iron 9;
the top of the pressure head 11 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the second moving plate 3, a clamp seat is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the pressure head 11, and the electromagnet I-iron 10 is fixedly arranged on the clamp seat;
the reciprocating motion structure is located the pressure head below, the reciprocating motion structure includes reciprocal slip table 12 and slide rail 13, slide rail 13 fixed mounting in frame construction 1, reciprocal slip table 12 slidable mounting in slide rail 13.
Further, a loading handle 14 is fixedly arranged at the top of the screw rod 8.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric force sensor 6 adopts a CL-YD-2311 type piezoelectric force sensor, so that the loading force of the whole device can be monitored in real time; the acquisition precision of the friction force (N) of the selected high-precision force sensor can reach 6 bits after a decimal point, and the sampling frequency can reach 1000 data points per second; the high-precision high-sensitivity vibration exciter can measure the exciting force and the friction force in situ in real time while ensuring high precision and high sensitivity, and can be stored in real time while displaying in real time so as to be convenient for a researcher to call in the follow-up work.
Further, a thermocouple and a heating rod are arranged inside the reciprocating sliding table 12 and are respectively used for monitoring and controlling the temperature of the reciprocating sliding table.
Further, two dynamic loading structures are arranged on the side surface of the pressure head 11.
Furthermore, a convex structure is arranged on the upper surface of the piezoelectric force sensor 6, and the bottom of the spring 7 is arranged outside the convex structure; the protruding structure plays a safety protection role, and when the spring 7 is continuously compressed to the extreme, the protruding structure can be contacted with the moving plate to play a protection role, so that the spring 7 is prevented from being damaged.
Further, the frame structure 1 is a gantry structure composed of side plates and an upper cover plate; the embodiment provides frame construction is different from the gatepost formula structure that current testing machine adopted more, has that the precision is high, intensity is big, inner space is big, operating stability is good, can load the lotus height, easily maintenance, the advantage of the modularization upgrading transformation of being convenient for inside.
When the reciprocating friction wear test device with dynamic periodic loading works, the loading handle 14 applies loading force, the loading force is transmitted to the moving plate I2, the spring 7, the piezoelectric force sensor 6, the moving plate II 3 and the pressure head 11 through the screw rod for 8 times, meanwhile, the electromagnet E iron 9 and the electromagnet I iron 10 are controlled to work, the electromagnet I iron 10 drives the pressure head 11 to generate impact load within a certain range, the force range of the impact load can be changed, the frequency can be changed, and when the reciprocating sliding table 12 reciprocates along the slide rail 13, a friction wear test is carried out on sample pieces arranged on the reciprocating sliding table 12.
By adopting the reciprocating friction wear test device with dynamic periodic loading, the device can be close to the actual working condition as much as possible, namely close to the load condition received in the actual operation process after the loading or installation of parts as much as possible, and the influence of the vibration of the machine or the external vibration can be caused in the actual operation process, for example, the gear in the automobile gearbox can receive the gear shifting impact, the acceleration and deceleration impact, and the influence of the road bumping vibration; for example, in an electric locomotive, the friction and the abrasion between a graphite conductive block of a pantograph and a conductive wire, the conductive wire can vibrate under the influence of wind and train operation, and in this case, the abrasion of the conductive block is the abrasion under the impact load.
3-4, tests conducted by the testing device provided by the invention show that compared with the conventional single constant load reciprocating friction wear testing machine, the impact load testing machine can realize the superposition of wide frequency, wide width and high precision output impact load on the basis of constant load. Fig. 3 shows real-time images displayed by applying different impact forces at the same frequency, fig. 4 shows real-time images displayed at the same impact force and different frequencies, which illustrates that the force sensor can collect impact (vibration signals) in real time, and meanwhile, the phase pair of the impact forces can be very accurate as seen from the collected signals, the impact generation system can apply different impact forces, 5% means that under the condition of a basic constant load of 100N, 5N impact forces are superposed, and the impact force accounts for 5%; 10%, 15%, and so on.
The test device provided by the invention is adopted for testing, and a verification test is carried out on 7075 aluminum alloy, and the result is shown in fig. 5-7, so that the 7075 aluminum alloy which is spherically ground by a GCr with the diameter of 6 mmis subjected to 100N constant load, and the grinding crack depth is 6.472 mu m; after the 60Hz excitation force with the proportion of 15 percent (85-100N) is superposed, the depth of a grinding crack is 10.854 mu m; the profile of the cross-section after wear is shown in figure 5.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A reciprocating friction wear test device with dynamic periodic loading is characterized by comprising a frame structure, a loading structure, a dynamic loading structure, a pressure head and a reciprocating motion structure;
the frame structure adopts a gantry structure;
the loading structure comprises a first moving plate, a second moving plate and a spring module, the first moving plate and the second moving plate are respectively installed on a sliding track in a sliding mode through sliding blocks, and the sliding track is fixedly installed on the frame structure; the first moving plate and the second moving plate are arranged up and down; the spring module comprises a piezoelectric force sensor and a spring, the piezoelectric force sensor is fixedly installed on the second moving plate, the bottom of the spring is installed on the piezoelectric force sensor, and the top of the spring is fixedly installed on the first moving plate; a screw rod for applying loading force is fixedly arranged at the top of the moving plate;
the dynamic loading structure comprises an electromagnet E iron and an electromagnet I iron, the electromagnet E iron is fixedly arranged on the frame structure, and the electromagnet I iron is positioned below the electromagnet E iron;
the top of the pressure head is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the second moving plate, a clamp seat is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the pressure head, and the electromagnet I iron is fixedly arranged on the clamp seat;
the reciprocating motion structure is located the pressure head below, the reciprocating motion structure includes reciprocal slip table and slide rail, slide rail fixed mounting in frame construction, reciprocal slip table slidable mounting in the slide rail.
2. The dynamic cyclically loaded reciprocating frictional wear test device of claim 1 wherein a loading handle is fixedly mounted on the top of said threaded rod.
3. The dynamic periodically-loaded reciprocating friction wear test device of claim 1, wherein said piezoelectric force sensor is a CL-YD-2311 type piezoelectric force sensor.
4. The dynamic periodically-loaded reciprocating frictional wear test device of claim 1, wherein a thermocouple and a heating rod are disposed inside the reciprocating slide for monitoring and controlling the temperature of the reciprocating slide, respectively.
5. The dynamic cyclically loaded reciprocating frictional wear test device of claim 1 wherein two of said dynamic loading structures are provided on said ram side.
6. The dynamic cyclically-loaded reciprocating frictional wear test device of claim 1 wherein said piezoelectric force transducer has a raised structure on its upper surface and said spring bottom is mounted on the outside of said raised structure.
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| CN202110642397.4A CN113433016B (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Dynamic periodic loading reciprocating type friction and wear test device |
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| CN202110642397.4A CN113433016B (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Dynamic periodic loading reciprocating type friction and wear test device |
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| CN113433016B CN113433016B (en) | 2023-03-21 |
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| CN113433016B (en) | 2023-03-21 |
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