CN113432645B - Dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement - Google Patents
Dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN113432645B CN113432645B CN202110710122.XA CN202110710122A CN113432645B CN 113432645 B CN113432645 B CN 113432645B CN 202110710122 A CN202110710122 A CN 202110710122A CN 113432645 B CN113432645 B CN 113432645B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
- G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
- G01N24/081—Making measurements of geologic samples, e.g. measurements of moisture, pH, porosity, permeability, tortuosity or viscosity
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- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing joint measurement, and belongs to the field of disaster monitoring and early warning. Building a monitoring center, a side slope monitoring substation and a dam monitoring substation on a dam or a side slope; constructing monitoring drill holes on a side slope and a dam, putting a PVC sleeve pipe close to the hole wall, and putting a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe into the PVC sleeve pipe; the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe is moved up and down by a lifting controller to acquire nuclear magnetic signals of rock and soil bodies or dam bodies around the drill hole, a Beidou remote sensing system is used for photographing a side slope or a dam in real time, and finally monitoring data are gathered to a monitoring center; the nuclear magnetic data are inverted to obtain water content, permeability and porosity data of a rock-soil body or a dam body, the surface displacement of the slope or the dam body is calculated by comparing the pictures, the data are compared with the database in real time, early warning signals are timely issued when the data are suddenly changed, a plurality of data can be rapidly monitored, the operation is simple, and the accuracy is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method, in particular to a dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing joint measurement, and belongs to the field of disaster monitoring and early warning. .
Background
With the rapid growth of social economy, the Chinese capital construction industry develops vigorously, the mileage of an expressway reaches 15.5 kilometers, the first place in the world is arranged, and a reservoir is built to have more than 9.8 million seats, thereby making outstanding contribution to the development of Chinese economy. However, accompanying this is various side slopes (road slopes, dam slopes, etc.) formed by artificial infrastructure, and side slopes are susceptible to side slope disasters (collapse, landslide, debris flow, etc.) due to artificial factors (excavation disturbance) and natural factors (joint structure, earthquake, precipitation, etc.). The seepage-proofing system of the reservoir dam in the early stage of China is imperfect, so that the seepage phenomenon of the dam is serious, and the dam break accident caused by the serious seepage of the dam is only second to the overtopping of flood, and accounts for about 30-40%. In recent years, penetration damage has become the leading cause of dam breakages beyond flood overtopping. The slope disasters of China tend to be aggravated year by year, according to preliminary statistics, at least 400 cities, counties, districts and towns in the country are seriously damaged by the slope disasters, 10000 villages are seriously damaged, serious personal safety threats are caused to people in nearby villages, and huge economic losses are caused to the country.
At present, the monitoring and early warning technology for slope disasters is mainly based on physical indexes such as rainfall, slope displacement and physical properties. The induction action of the rainfall on the side slope disaster is not well understood, most of the rainfall is concentrated on the relation between the macroscopic rainfall and the physical and mechanical properties of the side slope, the real-time scientific observation is lacked, and the influence of the rainfall on the soil and stone infiltration is not considered enough. And the monitoring of dam leakage also lacks an early warning method capable of real-time and rapid measurement. In recent years, a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology and a Beidou telemetry technology are widely applied to the field of water measurement and disaster prediction, the content of water H protons in rock mass can be rapidly measured based on the NMR technology, so that the change of the pore structure and permeability of the rock mass is reflected, and the advantages in the aspect of water measurement are obvious; the Beidou remote sensing system based on the digital image processing technology has outstanding advantages in the aspect of surface displacement measurement, but the application in the aspects of slope and dam stability monitoring and early warning based on nuclear magnetic resonance and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement is not available. Therefore, a dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement is needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing joint measurement is provided, and the problems that the existing dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method is insufficient in accuracy, insensitive to dam water leakage detection, slow in monitoring data acquisition and processing speed, insufficient in early warning timeliness and the like are solved.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing joint measurement.A monitoring and early warning system is formed by a monitoring center, a slope monitoring substation and a dam monitoring substation, wherein the monitoring center comprises servers which are sequentially connected, and a wireless data transmission radio station and a communication tower of the monitoring center; the side slope monitoring substation comprises a side slope directional antenna, a side slope wireless data transmission radio station and a side slope nuclear magnetic data collector which are arranged at the top of a side slope and connected in sequence, and the dam monitoring substation comprises a dam directional antenna, a dam wireless data transmission radio station and a dam nuclear magnetic data collector which are arranged on a dam and connected in sequence;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
a. building a side slope monitoring substation at the top of a side slope or building a monitoring substation on a dam, and forming a wireless data transmission platform by utilizing a communication tower of a monitoring center, a side slope directional antenna of the side slope monitoring substation and a dam directional antenna of the monitoring substation built on the dam through a Beidou communication system;
b. arranging a plurality of monitoring drill holes at the top of the dam at intervals according to the trend of the dam, arranging miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probes in the monitoring drill holes at the top of the dam, and connecting the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probes with a wireless data transmission radio station of the dam through nuclear magnetic data lines; a plurality of monitoring drill holes are vertically arranged on the side slope along the trend of the side slope, and miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probes are arranged in the monitoring drill holes and are connected with a side slope nuclear magnetic data collector through nuclear magnetic data lines; c. monitoring the stability of the side slope by combining a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe arranged on the side slope and a Beidou remote sensing system;
c. monitoring the stability of the side slope by combining a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe arranged on the side slope and a Beidou remote sensing system;
d. monitoring dam leakage and stability by combining a micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe arranged on the dam and a Beidou remote sensing system;
e. obtaining parameters of water content, permeability and porosity of the slope and/or dam in-situ rock-soil body or dam body by using nuclear magnetic resonance of a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe; meanwhile, the digital image correlation method is used for comparing and calculating the side slope pictures and the dam pictures of the Beidou remote sensing system in different time periods to obtain deformation data of the side slope surface and the dam body, and then the data are uploaded to a cloud database to be compared, so that whether stability monitoring and early warning are needed or not is judged.
The miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe comprises a first cylindrical magnet, a second cylindrical magnet and a third cylindrical magnet, wherein the first cylindrical magnet and the third cylindrical magnet have the same upper and lower magnetic poles, the second cylindrical magnet has the opposite upper and lower magnetic poles and the first cylindrical magnet and the third cylindrical magnet, the first cylindrical magnet and the third cylindrical magnet have the same size and are larger than the second cylindrical magnet, a plurality of guide wheels are symmetrically arranged on the upper side wall of the first cylindrical magnet and the lower side wall of the third cylindrical magnet, energized coils are arranged on the outer sides of the two side walls of the first cylindrical magnet, the first partial cylindrical magnet and the three side walls of the first cylindrical magnet, and the first cylindrical magnet, the second cylindrical magnet and the third cylindrical magnet form a uniform magnetic field range of horizontal square diffusion under the action of the coils.
PVC sleeves with equal size are arranged in the monitoring drill holes, and guide grooves matched with the guide wheels are formed in the inner walls of the PVC sleeves; the guide wheels on two sides of the nuclear magnetic resonance probe are connected with a lifting platform through steel wires, the lifting platform is connected with a lifting controller, and the nuclear magnetic resonance probe is controlled by the lifting controller to horizontally lift in the monitoring drill hole.
The step a of building a wireless data transmission platform specifically comprises the following steps:
a1. building a side slope monitoring substation: establishing a slope directional antenna in an open area at the top of a slope to be monitored, and installing a slope wireless data transmission radio station beside the slope directional antenna for acquiring nuclear magnetic test signals and position information of a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe in a monitored drilling hole;
a2. building a dam monitoring substation: establishing a dam directional antenna at the dam top of a dam to be monitored, and installing a dam wireless data transmission radio station at the dam top to acquire nuclear magnetic resonance test signals and position information of a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe in a monitoring drill hole;
a3. building a wireless data transmission platform: a general communication tower is established in a monitoring center, a wireless data transmission radio station of the monitoring center is installed, and then the communication tower, the wireless data transmission radio station of the monitoring center and a server are connected to establish a cloud database of nuclear magnetic signals and Beidou remote sensing signals.
The nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring equipment is specifically installed as follows:
b1. installing a nuclear magnetic resonance probe lifting system: connecting guide wheels on two sides of the nuclear magnetic resonance probe with a steel wire, wherein the steel wire is led out from a lifting platform, and the lifting platform is connected with a lifting controller through a data line;
b2. nuclear magnetic data transmission of the nuclear magnetic resonance probe: and connecting the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe by using a nuclear magnetic data line, penetrating the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe through the lifting table and connecting the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe with the slope nuclear magnetic data collector or the dam nuclear magnetic data collector.
The monitoring of the stability of the side slope is as follows:
c1. monitoring the borehole placement: a plurality of monitoring drill holes are vertically and downwards constructed at the designated position of the side slope to be monitored by using a directional drilling machine provided with a twist drill rod, then the twist drill rod is withdrawn, PVC sleeves are put into the monitoring drill holes, the outer walls of the PVC sleeves are tightly attached to the monitoring drill holes, and at least 3 monitoring drill holes are arranged in the middle of the side slope at equal intervals from top to bottom according to the side slope condition;
c2. and (3) putting the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe to the monitoring borehole: b, aligning a guide wheel of the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe in the nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring equipment installed in the step b with a guide groove on the inner wall of the PVC casing pipe, slowly lowering the guide wheel into the monitoring drill hole, then buckling a lifting platform at the top end of the monitoring drill hole, sealing the monitoring drill hole, and operating a lifting controller to control the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe to slide freely in the monitoring drill hole;
c3. acquiring slope stability data: setting monitoring points with different depths in the monitoring drill hole, enabling the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe to slide up and down in the monitoring drill hole, acquiring nuclear magnetic signals in-situ rock and soil around the monitoring drill hole at fixed points in real time at the monitoring points, circularly implementing the sliding-stopping-detecting work, transmitting the nuclear magnetic signals to a slope nuclear magnetic data acquisition unit through a nuclear magnetic data line, and then wirelessly transmitting the nuclear magnetic signals to a monitoring center through a slope wireless data transmission radio station and a slope directional antenna; simultaneously, shooting the slope surface of the side slope through a Beidou remote sensing system, and transmitting shot data to a monitoring center through a side slope directional antenna; and finishing the acquisition of slope nuclear magnetic resonance and Beidou remote sensing data, wherein the Beidou remote sensing is used for photographing the slope in real time and sending the photographed slope to a data center for processing by using a digital image correlation method so as to monitor the deformation phenomenon of the slope.
The monitoring of dam leakage and stability is specifically as follows:
d1. monitoring the borehole placement: constructing a plurality of vertically downward monitoring drill holes on the dam crest of the dam to be monitored along the trend by using a directional drilling machine, then withdrawing the directional drilling machine, putting the PVC casing pipe close to the monitoring drill holes, and arranging the monitoring drill holes in the middle of the transverse seams of two adjacent dams, wherein the monitoring dam is a monitoring dam without dead corners;
d2. installing a micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe: a guide wheel (9-1) in a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe in nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring equipment is aligned with a guide groove in the inner wall of a PVC sleeve and slowly lowered into a monitoring drill hole, then a lifting platform is buckled at the top end of the monitoring drill hole to seal the monitoring drill hole, and a lifting controller is operated to control the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe to slide to different monitoring positions in the monitoring drill hole;
d3. dam monitoring data acquisition: the lifting controller is used for controlling the lifting platform to enable the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe to move up and down in the monitoring drilling hole of the dam to acquire nuclear magnetic resonance signals at different positions of the dam to the dam nuclear magnetic resonance acquisition unit, then the nuclear magnetic resonance signals and the position information of the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe are transmitted to the dam directional antenna through the dam wireless data transmission radio station, finally collected to the monitoring center, and meanwhile, the Beidou remote sensing system is used for shooting pictures of the dam body of the dam in real time and transmitting the pictures to the monitoring center through the dam directional antenna.
The combined monitoring and early warning method using nuclear magnetic resonance and Beidou remote sensing comprises the following steps:
e1. data acquisition: step c3 and step d3 are that the collected nuclear magnetic signal data and the pictures shot by the Beidou remote sensing system are respectively transmitted to a communication tower of a monitoring center through a slope directional antenna and a dam directional antenna in a wireless mode, and the communication tower is transmitted to a server through a wireless data transmission radio station of the monitoring center;
e2. data processing: inverting the acquired nuclear magnetic data by using a server to obtain the water content, permeability and porosity parameters of the slope and dam in-situ rock-soil mass or the dam body in real time; meanwhile, a digital image correlation method is used for comparing and calculating pictures shot by the Beidou remote sensing system to obtain deformation data of the side slope, the slope surface of the dam and the dam body, and the data obtained through calculation are uploaded to a cloud database;
e3. sending out an early warning signal: the method comprises the steps of selecting initially collected data of a stable slope and a dam as reference data, then comparing and analyzing the big data uploaded to a cloud database with the reference data according to time variables, issuing early warning signals when the data are mutated, and then taking disaster prevention measures.
The diameter of the monitoring drill hole is 50-60mm, the diameter of the PVC sleeve is 48-58mm, the depth of the monitoring drill hole on the side slope is 5-10m, and the monitoring drill hole of the dam is constructed to be 50cm below the lowest point of the river water level.
When the data is mutated, the data refers to the variable which can comprehensively express the injury: rate of change of water content ∈1Porosity change rate ε2Permeability rate of change epsilon3Surface displacement change rate ε4Calculating to obtain the damage degree of the side slope and the dam, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ω＝λ1ε1+λ2ε2+λ3ε3+λ4ε4
in the formula aInitialAnd aiThe water content, the porosity and the permeability at the initial moment and the ith moment respectivelyAnd the value of the surface displacement, λ1、λ2、λ3And λ4Respectively, the rate of change of water content ∈1Porosity change rate ε2Permeability rate of change epsilon3And rate of change of surface displacement epsilon4Where λ is1、λ2、λ3And λ4The sum of the four coefficients is 1.
Has the advantages that: according to the technical scheme, the nuclear magnetic resonance and Beidou remote sensing technology is innovatively applied to monitoring and early warning of the stability of the dam and the side slope, the rock-soil mass or the dam body of the dam and the side slope can be monitored in real time by applying the technology, the change of parameters such as water content, permeability, porosity, surface displacement and the like in the rock-soil mass or the dam body can be rapidly measured, and early warning is carried out when the calculated damage degree of the side slope and the dam is close to the critical value of landslide, debris flow or dam leakage. The method adopts wireless data transmission and cloud data storage, is convenient and quick, meets the requirement of disaster prevention and control timeliness, and has great significance for disaster prevention and treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of a dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a slope stability early warning structure based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dam stability early warning structure based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement in the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a micro NMR probe according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an end face of a micro NMR probe according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a dam survey borehole arrangement of the present invention.
In the figure: a-a monitoring center, B-a slope monitoring substation, C-a dam monitoring substation, 1-a server, 2-a monitoring center wireless data transmission radio station, 3-a communication tower, 4-a slope directional antenna, 5-a slope wireless data transmission radio station, 6-a slope nuclear magnetic data collector, 7-a monitoring borehole, 8-a magnetic field range, 9-a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe, 9-1-a guide wheel, 9-2-a cylindrical magnet I, 9-3-a cylindrical magnet II, 9-4-a cylindrical magnet III, 9-5-a coil, 10-a slope, 11-a dam directional antenna, 12-a dam wireless data transmission radio station, 13-a dam nuclear magnetic data collector, 14-a dam, 15-dam transverse seam, 16-PVC sleeve, 17-steel wire, 18-lifting table, 19-lifting controller, 20-guide groove, 21-nuclear magnetic data line and 22-data line.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings of the specification, as shown in fig. 1, the dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing joint measurement mainly comprises a monitoring center A, a slope monitoring substation B, a dam monitoring substation C, a communication tower 3, a wireless data transmission radio station, a directional antenna, a Beidou satellite system, a monitoring borehole 7, a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9, a slope 10 and a dam 14, and is characterized in that: the dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement comprises the following steps:
a. building a wireless data transmission platform by a communication tower 3, a slope directional antenna 4 and a dam directional antenna 11 for a monitoring center A, a slope monitoring substation B and a dam monitoring substation C through a Beidou communication system;
b. installing nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring equipment;
c. monitoring the stability of the slope 10 by combining a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 and a Beidou remote sensing system;
d. the leakage and stability of the dam 14 are monitored by combining the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 and the Beidou remote sensing system;
e. and (3) monitoring and early warning are carried out by combining nuclear magnetic resonance and Beidou remote sensing technologies.
As shown in fig. 1, the step a of building a wireless data transmission platform includes the following sub-steps:
a1. building a side slope monitoring substation B: establishing a slope directional antenna 4 in an open area at the top of a slope 10 to be monitored, and installing a slope wireless data transmission radio station 5 beside the slope directional antenna 4 for acquiring nuclear magnetic test signals and position information of a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 in a monitored borehole 7;
a2. building a dam monitoring substation C: a dam directional antenna 11 is established at the dam top of a dam 14 to be monitored, and a dam wireless data transmission radio station 12 is arranged at the dam top to collect nuclear magnetic resonance test signals and position information of a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 in a monitoring drill hole 7;
a3. building a wireless data transmission platform: a general communication tower 3 is established in a monitoring center A, a wireless data transmission radio station 2 of the monitoring center is installed, and then the communication tower 3, the wireless data transmission radio station 2 of the monitoring center and a server 1 are connected to establish a cloud database of nuclear magnetic signals and Beidou remote sensing signals.
The step b of installing the nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring equipment comprises the following steps:
b1. assembling a micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe: the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 is of an integrated structure and mainly comprises a guide wheel 9-1, a cylindrical magnet I9-2, a cylindrical magnet II 9-3, a cylindrical magnet III 9-4 and an electrified coil 9-5, wherein the size of the cylindrical magnet I9-2 and the size of the cylindrical magnet III 9-4 are the same and are larger than that of the cylindrical magnet II 9-3, the coil 9-5 is arranged in the middle of the three magnets, and a uniform magnetic field range 8 is formed finally, and particularly shown in the following figures 4 and 5;
b2. installing a nuclear magnetic resonance probe lifting system: guide wheels 9-1 on two sides of the nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 are connected with a steel wire 17, the steel wire 17 is led out from a lifting platform 18, and the lifting platform 18 is connected with a lifting controller 19 through a data line 22;
b3. nuclear magnetic data transmission of the nuclear magnetic resonance probe: the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 is connected by a nuclear magnetic data line 21, then passes through the lifting platform 18 and is connected with the slope nuclear magnetic data collector 6 or the dam nuclear magnetic data collector 13.
As shown in fig. 2, the step c of monitoring the stability of the slope includes the following sub-steps:
c1. monitoring the borehole placement: a plurality of monitoring drill holes 7 are vertically and downwards constructed on a side slope 10 to be monitored by using a directional drilling machine provided with twist drill rods, the diameter is 50-60mm, the depth is 5-10m, then the twist drill rods are withdrawn, PVC sleeves 16 are put into the monitoring drill holes 7, wherein the inner walls of the PVC sleeves 16 are provided with guide grooves 20, the diameter is 48-58mm, the outer walls of the PVC sleeves are tightly attached to the monitoring drill holes 7, and at least 3 monitoring drill holes 7 are arranged in the middle of the side slope 10 at equal intervals from top to bottom according to the side slope condition;
c2. and (3) putting the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe to the monitoring borehole: b, aligning a guide wheel 9-1 of the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 in the nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring equipment installed in the step b with a guide groove 20 on the inner wall of the PVC sleeve 16, slowly placing the guide wheel into the monitoring drill hole 7, then buckling a lifting platform 18 at the top end of the monitoring drill hole 7, sealing the monitoring drill hole 7, and operating a lifting controller 19 to control the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 to freely slide in the monitoring drill hole 7;
c3. acquiring slope stability data: the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 slides up and down in the monitoring drill hole 7 to fixed points to acquire nuclear magnetic signals in-situ rock and soil around the monitoring drill hole 7 in real time, transmits the nuclear magnetic signals to the slope nuclear magnetic data acquisition unit 6 through a nuclear magnetic data line 21, and then wirelessly transmits the nuclear magnetic signals to the monitoring center A through a slope wireless data transmission radio station 5 and a slope directional antenna 4; meanwhile, the slope surface of the side slope 10 is photographed through a Beidou remote sensing system, and photographed data are also transmitted to a monitoring center A through a side slope directional antenna 4; finishing the collection of slope 9 nuclear magnetic resonance and Beidou remote sensing data;
as shown in fig. 3, the step d of monitoring the dam leakage and stability includes the following sub-steps:
d1. monitoring the borehole placement: constructing a plurality of vertically downward monitoring drill holes 7 at the dam crest of the dam 14 to be monitored to 50cm below the lowest point of the river water level by using a directional drilling machine, then withdrawing the directional drilling machine, putting a PVC sleeve 16 close to the monitoring drill holes 7, arranging the monitoring drill holes 7 at the middle positions of two adjacent dam transverse seams 15 as the monitoring dam 14 without dead angles, wherein the monitoring drill holes 7 are arranged as shown in FIG. 6;
d2. and (3) putting the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe to the monitoring borehole: b, aligning a guide wheel 9-1 in the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 in the nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring equipment installed in the step b with a guide groove 20 in the inner wall of the PVC sleeve 16, slowly placing the guide wheel into the monitoring drill hole 7, then buckling a lifting platform 18 at the top end of the monitoring drill hole 7, sealing the monitoring drill hole 7, and operating a lifting controller 19 to control the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 to freely slide in the monitoring drill hole 7;
d3. dam monitoring data acquisition: the lifting controller 19 is used for controlling the lifting platform 18 to enable the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 to move up and down in the monitoring drill hole 7 of the dam 14 to acquire nuclear magnetic resonance signals at different positions of the dam 14 to the dam nuclear magnetic resonance acquisition device 13, then the nuclear magnetic resonance signals and position information of the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe 9 are transmitted to the dam directional antenna 11 through the dam wireless data transmission radio station 12, finally collected to the monitoring center A, meanwhile, pictures of the dam body of the dam 14 are shot in real time through the Beidou remote sensing system, and the pictures are transmitted to the monitoring center A through the dam directional antenna 11.
The step e of jointly monitoring and early warning by using nuclear magnetic resonance and Beidou remote sensing comprises the following sub-steps:
e1. data acquisition: step c3 and step d3 are respectively used for wirelessly transmitting the collected nuclear magnetic signal data and the pictures shot by the Beidou remote sensing system to a communication tower 3 of a monitoring center A through a slope directional antenna 4 and a dam directional antenna 11, and the communication tower 3 is transmitted to a server 1 through a wireless data transmission radio station 2 of the monitoring center;
e2. data processing: inverting the acquired nuclear magnetic data by using the server 1 to obtain parameters such as water content, permeability, porosity and the like of the slope 10 and the dam 14 in-situ rock-soil body or the dam body in real time; meanwhile, a digital image correlation method is used for comparing and calculating pictures shot by the Beidou remote sensing system to obtain deformation data of the side slope 10, the slope surface of the dam 14 and the dam body, and the data obtained through calculation are uploaded to a cloud database;
e3. sending out an early warning signal: the method comprises the steps of selecting initially collected data of a stable slope 10 and a dam 14 as reference data, then comparing and analyzing the big data uploaded to a cloud database with the reference data according to time variables, issuing early warning signals when the data are mutated, and then taking disaster prevention measures. The 'data mutation and early warning signal release' is a variable (moisture content change rate epsilon) capable of comprehensively expressing damage1Porosity change rate ε2Permeability rate of change epsilon3Surface displacement change rate ε4) Calculating to obtain the damage degree of the side slope 10 and the dam 14, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ω＝λ1ε1+λ2ε2+λ3ε3+λ4ε4
in the formula aInitialAnd aiThe values of the water content, the porosity, the permeability and the surface displacement at the initial moment and the ith moment are respectively lambda1、λ2、λ3And λ4Respectively, the rate of change of water content ∈1Porosity change rate ε2Permeability rate of change epsilon3And rate of change of surface displacement epsilon4Where λ is1、λ2、λ3And λ4The sum of the four coefficients is 1.
Claims (6)
1. A dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps that a monitoring and early warning system comprising a monitoring center (A), a side slope monitoring substation (B) and a dam monitoring substation (C) is used, wherein the monitoring center (A) comprises a server (1), a monitoring center wireless data transmission radio station (2) and a communication tower (3) which are sequentially connected; the side slope monitoring substation (B) comprises a side slope directional antenna (4), a side slope wireless data transmission radio station (5) and a side slope nuclear magnetic data collector (6) which are arranged at the top of a side slope and connected in sequence, and the dam monitoring substation (C) comprises a dam directional antenna (11), a dam wireless data transmission radio station (12) and a dam nuclear magnetic data collector (13) which are arranged on a dam (14) and connected in sequence;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
a. building a side slope monitoring substation (B) at the top of a side slope (14), building a monitoring substation (C) on a dam (14), and forming a wireless data transmission platform by utilizing a communication tower (3) of a monitoring center (A), a side slope directional antenna (4) of the side slope monitoring substation (B) and a dam directional antenna (11) of the monitoring substation (C) built on the dam through a Beidou communication system;
the wireless data transmission platform is built as follows:
a1. building a side slope monitoring substation (B): establishing a slope directional antenna (4) in an open area at the top of a slope (10) to be monitored, and installing a slope wireless data transmission radio station (5) beside the slope directional antenna (4) for acquiring nuclear magnetic test signals and position information of a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) in a monitored borehole (7);
a2. building a dam monitoring substation (C): a dam directional antenna (11) is established at the dam top of a dam (14) to be monitored, and a dam wireless data transmission radio station (12) is installed at the dam top to acquire nuclear magnetic resonance test signals and position information of a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) in a monitoring drill hole (7);
a3. building a wireless data transmission platform: a general communication tower (3) is established in a monitoring center (A), a wireless data transmission radio station (2) of the monitoring center is installed, and then the communication tower (3) and the wireless data transmission radio station (2) of the monitoring center are connected with a server (1) to establish a cloud database of nuclear magnetic signals and Beidou remote sensing signals;
b. a plurality of monitoring drill holes (7) are arranged at the top of the dam (14) at intervals according to the trend of the dam, and a micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) is arranged in the monitoring drill hole (7) at the top of the dam (14) and is connected with a wireless dam data transmission radio station (12) through a nuclear magnetic data line (21); a plurality of monitoring drill holes (7) are vertically arranged on the side slope (10) along the trend of the side slope (10), miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probes (9) are arranged in the monitoring drill holes (7), and are connected with a side slope nuclear magnetic data collector (6) through nuclear magnetic data lines (21);
c. the stability of the side slope (10) is monitored by combining a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) arranged on the side slope (10) and a Beidou remote sensing system;
d. the leakage and stability monitoring of the dam (14) is carried out by combining a micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) arranged on the dam (14) with a Beidou remote sensing system;
e. nuclear magnetic resonance of a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) is used for obtaining parameters of water content, permeability and porosity of the slope (10) and the dam (14) in-situ rock-soil body or the dam body; meanwhile, the digital image correlation method is used for comparing and calculating the pictures of the side slope (10) and the dam (14) in different time periods, which are shot by the Beidou remote sensing system, to obtain deformation data of the slope surface of the side slope (10) and the dam body of the dam (14), and then the data are uploaded to a cloud database for comparison, so that whether stability monitoring and early warning are needed or not is judged;
the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) comprises a first cylindrical magnet (9-2), a second cylindrical magnet (9-3) and a third cylindrical magnet (9-4) which are combined up and down, wherein the upper and lower magnetic poles of the first cylindrical magnet (9-2) and the third cylindrical magnet (9-4) are the same, the upper and lower magnetic poles of the second cylindrical magnet (9-3) are opposite to those of the first cylindrical magnet (9-2) and the third cylindrical magnet (9-4), the sizes of the first cylindrical magnet (9-2) and the third cylindrical magnet (9-4) are the same and are larger than that of the second cylindrical magnet (9-3), a plurality of guide wheels (9-1) are symmetrically arranged on the upper side wall of the first cylindrical magnet (9-2) and the lower side wall of the third cylindrical magnet (9-4), and a plurality of guide wheels (9-1) are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the second cylindrical magnet (9-3), a part of the first cylindrical magnet (9-2) and a circle The outer sides of the side walls of the cylindrical magnets III (9-4) are respectively provided with an electrified coil (9-5), and the cylindrical magnets I (9-2), the cylindrical magnets II (9-3) and the cylindrical magnets III (9-4) form a uniform magnetic field range (8) of horizontal square diffusion under the action of the coils (9-5);
PVC sleeves (16) with equal size are arranged in the monitoring drill holes (7), and guide grooves (20) matched with the guide wheels (9-1) in position are formed in the inner walls of the PVC sleeves (16); guide wheels (9-1) on two sides of the nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) are connected with a lifting platform (18) through a steel wire (17), the lifting platform (18) is connected with a lifting controller (19), and the nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) is controlled to horizontally lift in the monitoring drill hole (7) through the lifting controller (19);
when the data is mutated, the data refers to the variable which can comprehensively express the injury: rate of change of water content ∈1Porosity change rate ε2Permeability rate of change epsilon3Surface displacement change rate ε4Calculating to obtain the damage degree omega of the side slope (10) and the dam (14), wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ω＝λ1ε1+λ2ε2+λ3ε3+λ4ε4
in the formula aInitialAnd aiRespectively including initial time, water content and porosity at ith timeValues of degree, permeability and surface displacement, lambda1、λ2、λ3And λ4Respectively, the rate of change of water content ∈1Porosity change rate ε2Permeability rate of change epsilon3And rate of change of surface displacement epsilon4Where λ is1、λ2、λ3And λ4The sum of the four coefficients is 1.
2. The dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring equipment is specifically installed as follows:
b1. installing a nuclear magnetic resonance probe lifting system: guide wheels (9-1) on two sides of the nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) are connected with a steel wire (17), the steel wire (17) is led out from a lifting table (18), and the lifting table (18) is connected with a lifting controller (19) through a data wire (22);
b2. nuclear magnetic data transmission of the nuclear magnetic resonance probe: the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) is connected by a nuclear magnetic data line (21), then passes through the lifting platform (18) and is connected with the slope nuclear magnetic data collector (6) or the dam nuclear magnetic data collector (13).
3. The dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the monitoring of the stability of the side slope is as follows:
c1. monitoring the borehole placement: a plurality of monitoring drill holes (7) are vertically and downwards constructed at the designated position of a side slope (10) to be monitored by using a directional drilling machine provided with a twist drill rod, then the twist drill rod is withdrawn, PVC sleeves (16) are put into the monitoring drill holes (7), the outer walls of the PVC sleeves (16) are tightly attached to the monitoring drill holes (7), and at least 3 monitoring drill holes (7) are arranged in the middle of the side slope (10) at equal intervals from top to bottom according to the condition of the side slope;
c2. and (3) putting the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe to the monitoring borehole: b, aligning a guide wheel (9-1) of the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) in the nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring equipment installed in the step b with a guide groove (20) in the inner wall of the PVC sleeve (16) and slowly lowering the guide wheel into the monitoring drill hole (7), then buckling a lifting table (18) at the top end of the monitoring drill hole (7) to seal the monitoring drill hole (7), and operating a lifting controller (19) to control the micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) to freely slide in the monitoring drill hole (7);
c3. acquiring slope stability data: setting monitoring points with different depths in a monitoring borehole (7), enabling a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) to slide up and down in the monitoring borehole (7), acquiring nuclear magnetic signals in-situ rock and soil around the monitoring borehole (7) at fixed points in real time at the monitoring points, circularly implementing the sliding-stopping-detecting work, transmitting the nuclear magnetic signals to a slope nuclear magnetic data acquisition unit (6) through a nuclear magnetic data line (21), and then wirelessly transmitting the nuclear magnetic signals to a monitoring center (A) through a slope wireless data transmission radio station (5) and a slope directional antenna (4); meanwhile, the slope surface of the side slope (10) is photographed through a Beidou remote sensing system, and photographed data are also transmitted to a monitoring center (A) through a side slope directional antenna (4); and the nuclear magnetic resonance and Beidou remote sensing data acquisition of the side slope (9) is completed, and the Beidou remote sensing is used for photographing the side slope in real time and sending the photographed side slope to a data center to be processed by using a digital image correlation method so as to monitor the deformation phenomenon of the side slope in real time.
4. The dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the monitoring of dam leakage and stability is specifically as follows:
d1. monitoring the borehole placement: constructing a plurality of vertically downward monitoring drill holes (7) on the dam crest of a dam (14) to be monitored along the trend by using a directional drilling machine, then withdrawing the directional drilling machine, putting a PVC sleeve (16) close to the monitoring drill holes (7) to form the monitoring dam (14) without dead angle leakage, and arranging the monitoring drill holes (7) in the middle of two adjacent dam transverse seams (15);
d2. installing a micro nuclear magnetic resonance probe: a guide wheel (9-1) in a miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) in nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring equipment is aligned with a guide groove (20) in the inner wall of a PVC sleeve (16) and slowly lowered into a monitoring drill hole (7), then a lifting table (18) is buckled at the top end of the monitoring drill hole (7) to seal the monitoring drill hole (7), and a lifting controller (19) is operated to control the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) to slide to different monitoring positions in the monitoring drill hole (7);
d3. dam monitoring data acquisition: the lifting controller (19) is used for controlling the lifting platform (18) to enable the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) to move up and down in the monitoring drilling hole (7) of the dam (14) to acquire nuclear magnetic resonance signals of different positions of the dam (14) to the dam nuclear magnetic resonance acquisition device (13), then the nuclear magnetic resonance signals and the position information of the miniature nuclear magnetic resonance probe (9) are transmitted to the dam directional antenna (11) through the dam wireless data transmission radio station (12), finally collected to the monitoring center (A), meanwhile, the picture of the dam body of the dam (14) is shot in real time through the Beidou remote sensing system, and the picture is transmitted to the monitoring center (A) through the dam directional antenna (11).
5. The dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the combined monitoring and early warning method using nuclear magnetic resonance and Beidou remote sensing comprises the following steps:
e1. data acquisition: step c3 and step d3 are conducted, the collected nuclear magnetic signal data and pictures shot by the Beidou remote sensing system are wirelessly transmitted to a communication tower (3) of a monitoring center (A) through a slope directional antenna (4) and a dam directional antenna (11), and the communication tower (3) is transmitted to a server (1) through a wireless data transmission radio station (2) of the monitoring center;
e2. data processing: inverting the acquired nuclear magnetic data by using the server (1) to obtain the water content, permeability and porosity parameters of the slope (10) and the dam (14) in-situ rock-soil body or dam body in real time; meanwhile, a digital image correlation method is used for comparing and calculating pictures shot by the Beidou remote sensing system to obtain deformation data of the slope (10), the slope surface of the dam (14) and the dam body, and then the data obtained through calculation are uploaded to a cloud database;
e3. sending out an early warning signal: the method comprises the steps of selecting initially collected data of a stable slope (10) and a dam (14) as reference data, then comparing and analyzing the big data uploaded to a cloud database with the reference data according to time variables, issuing early warning signals when the data are mutated, and then taking disaster prevention measures.
6. The dam and slope stability monitoring and early warning method based on NMR and Beidou remote sensing combined measurement according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the diameter of the monitoring drill hole (7) is 50-60mm, the diameter of the PVC sleeve (16) is 48-58mm, the depth of the monitoring drill hole (7) on the side slope (10) is 5-10m, and the monitoring drill hole (7) of the dam (14) is constructed to be 50cm below the lowest point of the river water level.
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