CN113432299A - Efficient energy-saving boiler and control method thereof - Google Patents

Efficient energy-saving boiler and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113432299A
CN113432299A CN202110794910.1A CN202110794910A CN113432299A CN 113432299 A CN113432299 A CN 113432299A CN 202110794910 A CN202110794910 A CN 202110794910A CN 113432299 A CN113432299 A CN 113432299A
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China
Prior art keywords
air
rotating speed
rotating
guide
pipe
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Granted
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CN202110794910.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113432299B (en
Inventor
王顺强
毛善庭
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Foster Boiler Co ltd
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Taizhou Xuyuan Petrochemical Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110794910.1A priority Critical patent/CN113432299B/en
Publication of CN113432299A publication Critical patent/CN113432299A/en
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Publication of CN113432299B publication Critical patent/CN113432299B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • F24H7/025—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using fluid fuel
    • F24H7/0266—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using fluid fuel the transfer fluid being water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1832—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners
    • F24H9/1836—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2035—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency energy-saving boiler and a control method thereof, and the technical scheme is characterized by comprising a boiler body, a combustion chamber and a burner, wherein the combustion chamber is positioned in the boiler body, the boiler body is also provided with a medium input channel and a medium output channel, the burner is arranged outside the boiler body and communicated with the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is also communicated with a flue gas output pipe, the high-efficiency energy-saving boiler also comprises a heat exchange device, a waste heat recovery device and an air preheating device, wherein the air preheating device is positioned behind the waste heat recovery device and communicated with the waste heat recovery device, and the air preheating device is used for carrying out secondary waste heat recovery on the flue gas waste heat after passing through the waste heat recovery device; the combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber, a rear smoke chamber, a front smoke chamber, a primary return pipe and a secondary return pipe.

Description

Efficient energy-saving boiler and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of boilers, and particularly relates to an efficient energy-saving boiler and a control method thereof.
Background
The boiler is a heat energy conversion device, fuel is combusted in a hearth, chemical energy of the fuel is converted into heat energy of flue gas, high-temperature flue gas enters a tail flue from the hearth through a horizontal flue, and is finally discharged after being treated by a flue gas purification system from the boiler.
The existing boiler has the following problems: the heat in the smoke exhaust gas of the boiler is very large, and the smoke is directly discharged to take away a large amount of heat, so that the resource utilization is not sufficient;
the fuel is not fully combusted, the resource waste is large, harmful gas can be generated, and the fluctuation of the combustion temperature is large, so that the fluctuation of the heat supply temperature can be caused;
in addition, when the waste heat device is used for recycling high-temperature flue gas, because a large amount of dust is mixed in the flue gas, the dust can be accumulated on the heating surface of a water pipe in the waste heat device, so that heat exchange is not facilitated, and in order to not influence the heat exchange efficiency, after the waste heat boiler is used for a period of time, workers can clean the dust in the waste heat boiler through other cleaning equipment such as a handheld water spray gun or an air spray gun, and the heat exchange efficiency of the waste heat boiler can be improved; however, the manual ash removal mode not only has longer furnace shutdown ash removal time period and low ash removal efficiency, but also increases the labor intensity of workers;
in addition, the boiler needs to be used for a long time without stopping in a partial use environment, and the ash removal treatment is difficult, so improvement is needed in view of the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient energy-saving boiler and a control method thereof, and the efficient energy-saving boiler has the advantages of high heat utilization rate and high heating efficiency.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides an energy-efficient boiler, includes furnace body, combustion chamber, combustor, and the combustion chamber is located the furnace body, still is equipped with medium input channel and medium output channel on the furnace body, and the combustor is installed in the furnace body outside and is linked together with the combustion chamber, and it has flue gas output tube, its characterized in that to still communicate on the combustion chamber: further comprising:
the heat exchange device comprises a medium channel for introducing a medium which is heated in the furnace body and a heat exchange channel for introducing water, and heat exchange is realized between the water and the medium through a heat exchange pipe;
the waste heat recovery device is used for recovering waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas output from the flue gas output pipe;
the air preheating device is used for preheating the air sent into the combustor in advance;
the air preheating device is positioned behind the waste heat recovery device and communicated with the waste heat recovery device, and the air preheating device is used for carrying out secondary waste heat recovery on the flue gas waste heat after passing through the waste heat recovery device;
the combustion chamber includes combustion chamber, back smoke chamber, preceding smoke chamber, a return stroke pipe and secondary return stroke pipe, and the eccentric below that sets up in the combustion chamber in combustion chamber of combustion chamber, the rear end and the back smoke chamber intercommunication in combustion chamber, through a return stroke pipe intercommunication between back smoke chamber and the preceding smoke chamber, and a return stroke pipe is the circumference side of hoop array arrangement in combustion chamber, through secondary return stroke pipe intercommunication between preceding smoke chamber and the flue gas output tube, and secondary return stroke pipe is located the inside top side of combustion chamber.
The invention is further configured to: the combustor comprises a fuel storage tank, an air supply fan, a mixing nozzle and a control unit, wherein the mixing nozzle comprises an air inlet pipe, a fuel inlet pipe, a mixing cavity and a mixed gas outlet, and the air inlet pipe, the fuel inlet pipe and the mixed gas outlet are communicated with the mixing cavity;
a pressure reducing valve, a manual valve, a proportional valve, a first flowmeter and a one-way safety valve are sequentially arranged between the fuel storage tank and the fuel inlet pipe, a second flowmeter is arranged between the air supply fan and the air inlet pipe, the input end of the control unit is respectively and electrically connected with the signal output ends of the first flowmeter and the second flowmeter, and the output end of the control unit is respectively and electrically connected with the proportional valve and the air supply fan;
the mixing cavity comprises an air inlet channel, a conical air cavity and an air outlet channel, the small end of the conical air cavity is communicated with the air inlet channel, the large end of the conical air cavity is provided with a baffle plate, the baffle plate is provided with an air passing port communicated with the air outlet channel, and the center of the conical air cavity is provided with a spiral air guide plate; the fuel inlet pipe is arranged in the air inlet channel and is coaxial with the air inlet channel, the air inlet pipe and the air inlet channel are arranged in a tangential direction and are communicated with each other, the mixed gas outlet is arranged on the air outlet channel, and the mixed gas outlet is provided with an ignition needle.
The invention is further configured to: the waste heat recovery device comprises:
the first recovery area comprises a first heating box and an air inlet cavity arranged at the top end of the first heating box;
the second recovery area comprises a second heating box and an air outlet cavity arranged at the top end of the second heating box;
the bottom of the first heating box is communicated with the bottom of the second heating box, the bottom of the first heating box and the bottom of the second heating box are provided with air guide cavities together, heat conduction pipes are arranged in the first heating box and the second heating box and are respectively used for communicating the air inlet cavity with the air guide cavities and communicating the air guide cavities with the air outlet cavity, and the flue gas output pipe is communicated with the air inlet cavity; the first heating box and the second heating box are filled with water, the top of the first heating box is provided with a water outlet, the top of the second heating box is provided with a water inlet, and the waste heat recovery device is further provided with an ash removal device for removing dust and cleaning the inner wall of the heat conduction pipe.
The invention is further configured to: the ash removal device includes that a plurality of air inlet chamber and play air cavity of running through just are equipped with the drive plate with the guide arm of heat pipe just to setting up, the top of guide arm, and the ash removal device is still including the lift drive assembly who is used for driving the drive plate to go up and down, and the bottom of guide arm is equipped with the deashing mechanism, and the deashing mechanism includes the scraper and is used for controlling the radial flexible regulation drive assembly of scraper.
The invention is further configured to: the lower end of the scraper is provided with a cutting edge, the inner side of the scraper is provided with a connecting rod, the guide rod is of a hollow structure, the adjusting and driving assembly comprises a support, a guide block, a rotating shaft, a driving wheel and a plurality of driven wheels, the rotating shaft penetrates through the center of the support, the support is fixed in the guide rod, the driving wheel is arranged on the rotating shaft, the driven wheels are arranged on the support in an annular equidistance manner by taking the driving wheel as the center, the driven wheels are meshed with the driving wheels, the number of the scrapers is the same as that of the driven wheels, the scrapers are arranged corresponding to the driven wheels, the positions between the adjacent scrapers are staggered up and down, the connecting rod radially penetrates through the guide rod, and one side of the connecting rod is also provided with teeth meshed with the driven wheel, the guide block and the driven wheel are correspondingly arranged, the guide block is provided with a chute matched with the connecting rod, and the adjusting driving assembly further comprises a rotating motor which is arranged at the top of the guide rod and is used for driving the rotating shaft to rotate.
The invention is further configured to: still be equipped with the overload protection subassembly between the output of rotating electrical machines and the pivot, the overload protection subassembly includes the connecting rod, core bar and activity guide pin bushing, the output of rotating electrical machines, connecting rod and core bar connect gradually, the both ends of activity guide pin bushing are established respectively on core bar and pivot, the one end that is located the activity guide pin bushing on the core bar is equipped with the stopper, still the cover is equipped with the cutting ferrule with activity guide pin bushing fixed connection on the core bar, still the cover is equipped with the spring on the core bar, and the both ends of spring are contradicted with stopper and cutting ferrule respectively, still be equipped with a plurality of guide slots in the pivot, be equipped with a plurality of guide blocks with the guide slot adaptation on the inner wall of activity guide pin bushing, still be equipped with unsmooth undulant first meshing face on the one end of orientation connecting rod on the activity guide pin bushing, the connecting rod is equipped with the meshing cover, be equipped with the second meshing face with first meshing face adaptation on the meshing cover.
The invention is further configured to: drive assembly includes the main motor, final drive shaft, drive screw, master gear and pinion, drive screw's one end and the central threaded connection of drive plate, drive screw's the other end and master gear fixed knot construct, final drive shaft and the output shaft fixed connection of main motor, the master gear cover is located on the final drive shaft, and the last still cover of final drive shaft is equipped with the drive wheel, lower backing wheel, reset spring and lock nut, reset spring, go up the drive wheel, master gear and lower backing wheel set gradually from top to bottom, and lock nut and final drive shaft threaded connection, it all passes through the key-type connection with final drive shaft to go up drive wheel and lower backing wheel, and be equipped with the ball-type convex surface of contradicting with the master gear on the drive wheel, be equipped with the ball type groove of contradicting with the ball-type convex surface on the master gear.
The invention is further configured to: the top in chamber of admitting air and the top in chamber of giving vent to anger all are equipped with the chamber of accomodating that is used for accomodating the scraper, and the bottom of accomodating the chamber is equipped with the baffle subassembly, and the baffle subassembly is including from top to bottom coincide's movable partition, heat insulating mattress and fixed stop in proper order, all is equipped with the through-hole that supplies the guide arm to pass on movable partition, heat insulating mattress and the fixed stop, and fixed stop and heat insulating mattress fixed mounting are in accomodating the intracavity, and the outside of accomodating the chamber still is equipped with the electronic jar that is used for driving the relative fixed baffle horizontal slip of movable partition.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following advantages:
the combustion chamber adopts a multi-section return way, so that the heat utilization rate is high, and the heating rate is high;
the burner adopts premixed combustion, so that the combustion efficiency is improved, and the resource utilization rate is improved;
the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas is recycled, so that the energy is saved and the environment is protected;
and in the flue gas recovery process, the dust removal device realizes the dust removal work at fixed time without stopping.
A control method of an energy-efficient boiler, the said control unit controls the combustion of the burner, there are temperature pick-ups on the medium output channel, including the following steps:
before combustion, the control unit controls the air quantity of the fan and the opening of the proportional valve according to the preset ratio of fuel to air, and then an ignition needle is ignited for combustion;
in the combustion process, flow signals are detected in real time through the first flowmeter and the second flowmeter and fed back to the control unit, and the air quantity of the fan and the opening degree of the proportional valve are controlled to achieve the optimal combustion ratio; meanwhile, the temperature in the medium output channel is detected through the temperature sensor, when the temperature is too low, the control unit increases the air quantity of the air supply fan and the opening degree of the proportional valve in an equal proportion mode, and when the temperature is too high, the control unit decreases the air quantity of the air supply fan and the opening degree of the proportional valve in an equal proportion mode.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following advantages: the combustor adopts premix burning, and can adjust best burning ratio and burning aperture by oneself, and combustion effect is good and more energy-conserving.
A control method of an efficient energy-saving boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the operation process of the boiler, the ash removal device carries out ash removal on the inner wall of a heat conduction pipe of the waste heat recovery device at regular time, the ash removal device is also controlled by the control unit, the ash removal device further comprises a first rotating speed sensor for detecting the rotating speed of a transmission screw, a second rotating speed sensor for detecting the rotating speed of a main transmission shaft, a third rotating speed sensor for detecting the rotating speed of a core rod and a stroke sensor for detecting the lifting position of a driving plate, the output ends of the first rotating speed sensor, the second rotating speed sensor, the third rotating speed sensor and the stroke sensor are all connected with the control unit, and the control unit further comprises an alarm module, a first counting module and a second counting module;
the ash removal control process comprises the following steps:
l1, driving the movable partition plate to translate by the electric cylinder, so that the through hole in the movable partition plate is opposite to the through hole in the fixed partition plate; the main motor starts to rotate forwards, the rotating speed T1 of the transmission screw and the rotating speed T2 of the main transmission shaft are judged at the same time, if the rotating speed T1 is not less than the rotating speed T2, the step L2 is carried out, and if the rotating speed T1 is less than the rotating speed T2, the step L7 is carried out;
l2, judging whether the guide rod descends into the heat dissipation pipe or not through the stroke sensor, if so, entering the step L3, and if not, returning to the step L1;
l3, pausing the main motor, rotating the rotary motor forward, radially stretching the scraper, detecting the rotation state of the core rod through a second rotation speed sensor, and entering the step L4 if the rotation speed of the core rod is O;
l4, stopping the rotating motor, recovering the positive rotation of the main motor, judging the rotating speed T1 of the transmission screw again, if the rotating speed T1 is not less than the rotating speed T2, entering a step L8, and if the rotating speed T1 is less than the rotating speed T2, entering a step L5;
l5, reversely rotating the main motor, driving the guide rod to ascend, judging the instantaneous rotating speed T1 of the transmission screw again, if the rotating speed T1 is not less than the rotating speed T2, adding 1 to the first counting module, and entering a step L7, and if the rotating speed T1 is less than the rotating speed T2, entering a step L6;
l6, pausing the main motor, reversely rotating the rotating motor, then forwardly rotating the rotating motor again, adding 1 to the second counting module, forwardly rotating the rotating motor, and entering the step L8 when the rotating speed T3 of the core rod is O;
l7, judging whether the count of the first counting module is N times, if yes, entering the step L11, and if not, returning to the step L4;
l8, judging whether the count of the second counting module is M times, if yes, entering the step L11, and if not, returning to the step L4;
l9, judging whether the guide rod descends to the lowest position through the stroke sensor, if so, entering a step L10, and if not, returning to the step L4;
l10, rotating the motor reversely, when the rotating speed T3 of the core bar is O, the rotating motor stops, the main motor reversely rotates, when the driving plate rises to the highest position, the main motor stops, the electric cylinder drives the movable partition plate to slide, and the through hole in the movable partition plate and the through hole in the fixed partition plate are arranged in a staggered mode;
l11, alarm module.
By adopting the technical scheme: can realize regularly independently deashing control, improve the heat transfer effect, and during the deashing, can independently judge the jamming state, and solve the jamming problem by oneself, degree of automation is high, and the deashing is effectual.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mixing nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat recovery device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the guide bar of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 4 according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 4 according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the lift drive assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a burner according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a logic block diagram of the ash removal device control method of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are: 1. a furnace body; 2. a media input channel; 3. a hot water inlet passage; 4. a flue gas output pipe; 5. a waste heat recovery device; 6. an air preheating device; 7. a media channel; 8. a heat exchange channel; 11. a combustion chamber; 12. a rear smoke chamber; 13. a front smoke chamber; 14. a primary return pipe; 15. a secondary return pipe; 21. an air inlet pipe; 22. a fuel inlet pipe; 23. an air intake passage; 24. a conical air cavity; 25. an air outlet channel; 26. a baffle plate; 27. a spiral air guide plate; 30. a first heating tank; 31. an air inlet cavity; 32. a second heating chamber; 33. an air outlet cavity; 34. a gas conducting cavity; 35. a heat conducting pipe; 40. a guide bar; 41. a scraper; 42. a connecting rod; 43. a support; 44. a guide block; 45. a rotating shaft; 46. a driving wheel; 47. a driven wheel; 48. a rotating electric machine; 49. a drive plate; 50. a connecting rod; 51. a core bar; 52. a movable guide sleeve; 53. a card sleeve; 54. an engagement sleeve; 55. a first mating surface; 56. a spring; 61. a main motor; 62. a main drive shaft; 63. a drive screw; 64. a main gear; 65. a pinion gear; 66. an upper drive wheel; 67. a lower cushion wheel; 68. locking the nut; 69. a return spring; 70. a receiving cavity; 71. a baffle plate assembly.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in the following with reference to specific embodiments thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which figures 1 to 9:
the utility model provides an energy-efficient boiler, includes furnace body 1, combustion chamber, combustor, and the combustion chamber is located furnace body 1, still is equipped with medium input channel 2 and medium output channel on the furnace body 1, and the combustor is installed in 1 outsides of furnace body and is linked together with the combustion chamber, and it has flue gas output tube 4, its characterized in that to still communicate on the combustion chamber: further comprising:
the heat exchange device comprises a medium channel 7 for introducing a heated medium in the furnace body 1 and a heat exchange channel 8 for introducing water, and heat exchange is realized between the water and the medium through a heat exchange pipe;
the waste heat recovery device 5 is used for recovering waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas output from the flue gas output pipe 4 by the waste heat recovery device 5;
an air preheating device 6 for preheating the air fed into the burner in advance;
the air preheating device 6 is positioned behind the waste heat recovery device 5 and communicated with the waste heat recovery device 5, high-temperature flue gas is output through the flue gas output pipe 4 and then enters the waste heat recovery device 5 to be subjected to primary waste heat recovery, and the air preheating device 6 is used for performing secondary waste heat recovery on the flue gas waste heat after passing through the waste heat recovery device 5;
the combustion chamber includes combustion chamber 11, back smoke chamber 12, preceding smoke chamber 13, a return stroke pipe 14 and secondary return stroke pipe 15, 11 eccentrics in combustion chamber set up in the inside below of combustion chamber, the rear end and the back smoke chamber 12 intercommunication of combustion chamber 11, through a return stroke pipe 14 intercommunication between back smoke chamber 12 and the preceding smoke chamber 13, and a return stroke pipe 14 is the week side of hoop array arrangement in combustion chamber 11, through secondary return stroke pipe 15 intercommunication between preceding smoke chamber 13 and the flue gas output tube 4, and secondary return stroke pipe 15 is located the inside top side of combustion chamber.
The burner is arranged at the front end of the combustion cavity 11, wherein fuel can be gas or fuel oil, a medium cavity is formed between the combustion cavity 11 and the furnace body 1, the medium input channel 2 and the medium output channel are both communicated with the medium cavity, the medium in the medium cavity is heated by high temperature generated by the combustion cavity 11, and the medium can be heat conduction oil; then the heat conduction oil exchanges heat with water through the heat exchange device, the heat conduction oil is heated firstly, and then the water is heated through the heat conduction oil, so that the heat utilization rate and the effect can be improved; because high temperature is positioned at the top of the combustion chamber 11 during combustion, the combustion chamber 11 is arranged eccentrically downwards, and the top of the furnace body 1 has larger water amount, so that the furnace body can be fully heated; high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion can flow back and forth in the furnace body 1 for multiple times through the primary return pipe 14 and the secondary return pipe 15, and the interior of the furnace body 1 is further heated through the heat exchange effect; the 14-pass circular array of the primary return pipes can heat the water area around the combustion chamber 11, and mainly can heat the bottom of the combustion chamber 11; the secondary return pipe 15 is mainly used for heating the top of the combustion chamber 11; through the reasonable layout, the whole heating is uniform.
The air preheating device 6 comprises a spiral pipe used for introducing air and a smoke cavity used for introducing smoke, and the two ends of the spiral pipe are respectively arranged at the air outlet ends of the air supply fans to preheat the air entering the combustor, so that the combustion efficiency is improved.
The fuel takes fuel gas as an example, the combustor comprises a fuel storage tank, an air supply fan, a mixing nozzle and a control unit, the mixing nozzle comprises an air inlet pipe 21, a fuel inlet pipe 22, a mixing cavity and a mixed gas outlet, and the air inlet pipe 21, the fuel inlet pipe 22 and the mixed gas outlet are communicated with the mixing cavity;
a pressure reducing valve, a manual valve, a proportional valve, a first flowmeter and a one-way safety valve are sequentially arranged between the fuel storage tank and the fuel inlet pipe 22, a second flowmeter is arranged between the air supply fan and the air inlet pipe 21, the input end of the control unit is respectively electrically connected with the signal output ends of the first flowmeter and the second flowmeter, and the output end of the control unit is respectively electrically connected with the proportional valve and the air supply fan;
the control unit can adopt the existing singlechip, in the control process, the first flowmeter detects the air supply quantity of the fuel and feeds back a signal to the control unit, and the second flowmeter detects the air supply quantity of the air supply fan and feeds back the signal to the control unit; before use, the optimal combustion ratio of fuel and air is calculated, the optimal ratio is set in a control unit, and the control unit automatically adjusts the opening of a proportional valve and the air supply quantity of an air supply fan to enable the optimal combustion ratio to be achieved; meanwhile, the temperature in the medium output channel can be detected by arranging the temperature sensor, when the temperature is too low, the control unit can increase the air supply quantity of the air supply fan and the opening degree of the proportional valve, and when the temperature is too high, the control unit can reduce the air supply quantity of the air supply fan and the opening degree of the proportional valve, so that the automatic regulation and control are realized; the pressure reducing valve is used for reducing the air outlet pressure of the fuel storage tank, the manual valve is used for manually controlling the stopping and the communicating of the fuel inlet pipe 22, the safety is improved, the one-way safety valve enables fuel to flow to the fuel inlet pipe 22 in a one-way mode, and the safety is further improved.
The mixing cavity comprises an air inlet channel 23, a conical air cavity 24 and an air outlet channel 25, the small end of the conical air cavity 24 is communicated with the air inlet channel 23, the big end of the conical air cavity 24 is provided with a baffle 26, the baffle 26 is provided with an air passing port communicated with the air outlet channel 25, and the center of the conical air cavity 24 is provided with a spiral air guide plate 27; the fuel inlet pipe 22 is arranged in the air inlet channel 23 and is coaxially arranged with the air inlet channel 23, the air inlet pipe 21 and the air inlet channel 23 are tangentially arranged and are communicated with each other, the air inlet pipe 21 is axially and obliquely arranged along the air inlet channel 23, the mixed gas outlet is arranged on the air outlet channel 25, and an ignition needle is arranged on the mixed gas outlet.
After the air obliquely and tangentially enters the air inlet channel 23, rotational flow can be generated, after the fuel axially enters the air inlet channel 23, the fuel is premixed with the air of the rotational flow, and after the air flow enters the conical air cavity 24, the air is diffused due to the increase of the volume of the cavity, and the rotational flow can be generated in the conical air cavity 24, so that the fuel and the air are mixed more uniformly, and the combustion effect is improved; through the arrangement of the baffle 26, partial air flow can be turned back and mixed again, and partial air flow is discharged from the mixed gas outlet on the air outlet channel 25, and because the inner diameter of the air outlet channel 25 is smaller than that of the large end of the conical air cavity 24, the air flow can be discharged at an accelerated speed, and the combustion effect can be improved; wherein spiral air guide plate 27 is fixed in the inboard of toper air cavity 24 through the support, through spiral air guide plate 27's setting, can play the whirl guide effect to the air current, and can avoid the direct flow direction of air current in inlet channel 23 to outlet channel 25, improve mixed effect.
The waste heat recovery device 5 comprises a first recovery area and a second recovery area, the first recovery area comprises a first heating box 30 and an air inlet cavity 31 arranged at the top end of the first heating box 30, the second recovery area comprises a second heating box 32 and an air outlet cavity 33 arranged at the top end of the second heating box 32, the bottoms of the first heating box 30 and the second heating box 32 are communicated, an air guide cavity 34 is jointly arranged at the bottom of the first heating box 30 and the bottom of the second heating box 32, heat conduction pipes 35 are respectively arranged in the first heating box 30 and the second heating box 32, the heat conduction pipes 35 are respectively used for communicating the air inlet cavity 31 and the air guide cavity 34 and communicating the air guide cavity 34 and the air outlet cavity 33, and the flue gas output pipe 4 is communicated with the air inlet cavity 31; all pack in first heating cabinet 30 and the second heating cabinet 32 and have water, and the top of first heating cabinet 30 is equipped with the delivery port, and the top of second heating cabinet 32 is equipped with the water inlet, still is equipped with the ash removal device who is used for carrying out dust removal clearance to heat pipe 35 inner wall on the waste heat recovery device 5.
When the high-temperature flue gas passes through the heat conduction pipe 35, the high-temperature flue gas and circulating water in the first heating box 30 and the second heating box 32 realize heat exchange, and waste heat recovery is carried out; the water inlet is used for introducing cold water, the water outlet is used for flowing heated water out, and the preheated water is sent into the heat exchange device to be heated again, so that energy can be saved; the water flows in from the top of the second heating box 32 and flows out from the top of the first heating box 30, the direction of the water is opposite to the gas inlet direction of the flue gas, the heat exchange effect is good, the density of cold water is high, the cold water easily sinks, the hot water easily floats upwards, the top of the first heating box 30 is a gas inlet end, the temperature is highest, the water outlet temperature can be guaranteed to be highest, and the waste heat recovery effect is best; because part of the boiler can be used without stopping for a long time, smoke generated by combustion can be attached to and accumulated in the combustion chamber, so that the heat exchange effect of the combustion chamber is gradually reduced, and because the temperature in the combustion chamber is higher, the dust cleaning and removing treatment on the combustion chamber in the combustion process is difficult, the temperature of smoke entering the heat conduction pipe 35 can be gradually increased, and when the smoke directly passes through the heat conduction pipe 35, dust impurities are also easily attached to the inner wall of the heat conduction pipe 35, so that the heat exchange effect is reduced, the dust cleaning device is arranged to perform periodic dust cleaning and removing on the heat conduction pipe 35, and the utilization rate of combustion heat is improved in the waste heat recovery stage; the heat pipe 35 is disposed longitudinally, which is convenient for the smoke to fall freely, and reduces the possibility of the smoke adhering to the inner wall of the heat pipe 35.
The ash removal device comprises a plurality of guide rods 40 which penetrate through the air inlet cavity 31 and the air outlet cavity 33 and are opposite to the heat conduction pipe 35, a driving plate 49 is arranged at the top of each guide rod 40, the ash removal device further comprises a lifting driving assembly used for driving the driving plate 49 to lift, an ash removal mechanism is arranged at the bottom of each guide rod 40, and each ash removal mechanism comprises a scraper 41 and an adjusting driving assembly used for controlling the scraper 41 to stretch radially.
The outer diameter of the guide rod 40 is smaller than the inner diameter of the heat conduction pipe 35, so that the heat conduction pipe 35 cannot be blocked in the ash removing process; the ash removal principle does, can set up regularly, and after reaching the settlement time, adjust drive assembly and can adjust 41 radial expansions of scraper for scraper 41 contradicts with heat pipe 35 inner wall, and lift drive assembly is used for driving scraper 41 and goes up and down, plays the dust removal effect.
The lower end of the scraper 41 is provided with a cutting edge, the inner side of the scraper 41 is provided with a connecting rod 42, the guide rod 40 is of a hollow structure, the adjusting and driving assembly comprises a support 43, a guide block 44, a rotating shaft 45, a driving wheel 46 and a plurality of driven wheels 47, the rotating shaft 45 penetrates through the center of the support 43, the support 43 is fixed in the guide rod 40, the driving wheel 46 is installed on the rotating shaft 45, the driven wheels 47 are annularly and equidistantly arranged on the support 43 by taking the driving wheel 46 as the center, the driven wheels 47 and the driving wheel 46 are mutually meshed, the number of the scrapers 41 is the same as that of the driven wheels 47, the positions of the scrapers 41 are correspondingly arranged with the driven wheels 47, the positions between the adjacent scrapers 41 are vertically staggered, the connecting rod 42 radially penetrates through the guide rod 40, one side of the connecting rod 42 is also provided with teeth meshed with the driven wheels 47, the guide block 44 is correspondingly arranged with the driven wheels 47, and a chute matched with the connecting rod 42 is arranged on the guide block 44, the adjustment driving assembly further includes a rotating motor 48 disposed on the top of the guide bar 40 for driving the rotating shaft 45 to rotate.
The principle of adjusting the driving assembly is as follows: the rotating motor 48 drives the rotating shaft 45 to rotate, the rotating shaft 45 drives the driving wheel 46 to rotate, the driving wheel 46 drives the driven wheel 47 to rotate, the driven wheel 47 drives the connecting rod 42 to radially slide in the chute, so that the connecting rod achieves the effect of extending or retracting, when extending, the cutting edge on the scraper 41 is abutted against the inner wall of the heat conducting pipe 35, so that the scraper 41 can be abutted against the inner wall of the heat conducting pipe 35 to scrape dust when ascending or descending; wherein, scraper 41's structure need with heat pipe 35 inner wall looks adaptation, and scraper 41 is dislocation set from top to bottom, can increase scraper 41's length, and scraper 41 can have overlap region when the dirt is scraped to the axial promptly, scrapes the dirt effect better.
An overload protection assembly is further arranged between the output end of the rotating motor 48 and the rotating shaft 45, the overload protection assembly comprises a connecting rod 50, a core rod 51 and a movable guide sleeve 52, the output end of the rotating motor 48, the connecting rod 50 and the core rod 51 are sequentially connected, two ends of the movable guide sleeve 52 are respectively sleeved on the core rod 51 and the rotating shaft 45, a limiting block is arranged at one end of the core rod 51 positioned in the movable guide sleeve 52, a clamping sleeve 53 fixedly connected with the movable guide sleeve 52 is further sleeved on the core rod 51, a spring 56 is further sleeved on the core rod 51, and the two ends of the spring are respectively abutted against the limiting block and the clamping sleeve 53, the rotating shaft 45 is further provided with a plurality of guide grooves, the inner wall of the movable guide sleeve 52 is provided with a plurality of guide blocks matched with the guide grooves, one end of the movable guide sleeve 52 facing the connecting rod 50 is further provided with a concave-convex first meshing surface 55, the connecting rod 50 is provided with a meshing sleeve 54, and the meshing sleeve 54 is provided with a second meshing surface matched with the first meshing surface 55.
The principle of the overload protection component is as follows: when the scraper 41 abuts against the inner wall of the heat conduction pipe 35, the scraper 41 cannot radially expand, at this time, the rotation of the rotating shaft 45 is blocked, the first meshing surface 55 and the second meshing surface slide, the spring is compressed, and the movable guide sleeve 52 and the rotating shaft 45 also slide axially, so that the rotating motor 48 is protected; due to the arrangement of the overload protection assembly, when the scraper 41 is radially extruded, the scraper 41 also has a certain elastic tendency, that is, when the scraper 41 is radially extruded, the rotating shaft 45 is forced to rotate reversely, so that a certain elastic force is provided between the scraper 41 and the inner wall of the heat conducting pipe 35 in the radial direction.
The driving assembly comprises a main motor 61, a main transmission shaft 62, a transmission screw 63, a main gear 64 and a pinion 65, one end of the transmission screw 63 is in threaded connection with the center of the driving plate 49, the other end of the transmission screw 63 is fixed with the main gear 64, the main transmission shaft 62 is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the main motor 61, the main gear 64 is sleeved on the main transmission shaft 62, the main transmission shaft 62 is also sleeved with an upper driving wheel 66, a lower cushion wheel 67, a return spring 69 and a locking nut 68, the return spring 69, the upper driving wheel 66, the main gear 64 and the lower cushion wheel 67 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the lock nut 68 is in threaded connection with the main transmission shaft 62, the upper driving wheel 66 and the lower cushion wheel 67 are in key connection with the main transmission shaft 62, and the upper driving wheel 66 is provided with a spherical convex surface which is abutted against the main gear 64, and the main gear 64 is provided with a spherical groove which is abutted against the spherical convex surface.
An external fixing frame is required to be arranged on the waste heat recovery device 5, the driving assembly is fixedly installed, and a plurality of guide posts are arranged, so that the driving plate 49 can move up and down along the guide posts; the main motor 61 is used for driving the main transmission shaft 62 to rotate, and the main transmission shaft 62 and the transmission screw 63 are transmitted through a gear set formed by a main gear 64 and a secondary gear 65; the transmission screw 63 is arranged on the fixed frame, and when the transmission screw 63 rotates, the driving plate 49 realizes lifting movement;
the upper driving wheel 66 generates downward pressure on the main gear 64 through the axial compression of the return spring 69, the upper driving wheel 66 axially abuts against the main gear 64, and the spherical convex surface is matched and clamped with the spherical groove, so that the upper driving wheel 66 can drive the main gear 64 to rotate, and the driving plate 49 can be lifted normally; however, when the driving plate 49 is prevented from lifting, i.e. the rotation of the transmission screw 63 is prevented, the main gear 64 cannot rotate, and at this time, a slip is generated between the main gear 64 and the upper driving wheel 66, so that the return spring 69 is compressed, but the main motor 61 can be protected, and the main motor 61 is prevented from being overloaded.
The top in chamber 31 is equipped with the chamber 70 of accomodating that is used for accomodating scraper 41, and the bottom of accomodating chamber 70 is equipped with baffle subassembly 71, and baffle subassembly 71 is including from top to bottom coincide's movable partition, heat insulating mattress and fixed partition in proper order, all is equipped with the through-hole that supplies guide arm 40 to pass on movable partition, heat insulating mattress and the fixed partition, and fixed partition and heat insulating mattress fixed mounting are in accomodating chamber 70, and the outside of accomodating chamber 70 still is equipped with the electronic jar that is used for driving movable partition relative fixed partition horizontal slip.
When the ash removing device rises to the highest position, the ash removing mechanism rises into the containing cavity 70, and the electric cylinder drives the movable partition plate to move, so that the through hole in the movable partition plate is staggered with the through hole in the fixed partition plate, and a sealing effect is achieved; namely, the ash removing mechanism can be stored when not in use, so that the phenomenon that the excessive smoke dust is attached to the ash removing mechanism to affect use is avoided; in practical use, the storage cavity 70 may be provided with a window which can be opened and closed, and after storage, the dust removing mechanism may be subjected to dust blowing treatment through the window.
In the operation process of the boiler, the ash removal device removes ash on the inner wall of the heat conduction pipe 35 of the waste heat recovery device 5 at regular time, the ash removal device is also controlled by the control unit, the ash removal device further comprises a first rotating speed sensor for detecting the rotating speed of the transmission screw 63, a second rotating speed sensor for detecting the rotating speed of the main transmission shaft 62, a third rotating speed sensor for detecting the rotating speed of the core rod 51 and a stroke sensor for detecting the lifting position of the driving plate 49, the output ends of the first rotating speed sensor, the second rotating speed sensor, the third rotating speed sensor and the stroke sensor are all connected with the control unit, and the control unit further comprises an alarm module and a repair counting module;
the ash removal control process comprises the following steps:
l1, the electric cylinder drives the movable partition plate to translate, so that the through hole in the movable partition plate is opposite to the through hole in the fixed partition plate, and the guide rod 40 can conveniently penetrate through the through hole; the main motor 61 starts forward rotation to drive the driving plate 49 to move downwards, and meanwhile, the rotating speed T1 of the transmission screw 63 and the rotating speed T2 of the main transmission shaft 62 are judged, if the rotating speed T1 is not less than the rotating speed T2, namely the transmission screw 63 and the main transmission shaft 62 can synchronously rotate, the step L2 is carried out, and if the rotating speed T1 is less than the rotating speed T2, namely the rotation of the transmission screw 63 has a rotation clamping phenomenon, the step L7 is carried out;
because the transmission ratio is formed between the main transmission shaft 62 and the transmission screw 63, and the actual rotating speed of the transmission screw 63 is less than that of the main transmission shaft 62, before the rotating speed is compared, the control unit needs to convert according to the transmission ratio and then compare;
l2, judging whether the guide rod 40 descends into the heat dissipation pipe or not through the stroke sensor, if so, entering the step L3, and if not, returning to the step L1;
the travel sensor can be a photoelectric travel switch and the like, can be arranged on the fixed frame and is used for detecting the position of the driving plate 49;
l3, pausing the main motor 61, rotating the rotating motor 48 forward, extending the scraper 41 radially, detecting the rotation state of the core rod 51 by the second rotation speed sensor, and if the rotation speed of the core rod 51 is O, indicating that the scraper 41 has collided with the inner wall of the heat conducting pipe 35, entering step L4;
l4, the rotating motor 48 is suspended, the main motor 61 resumes the forward rotation, the rotating speed T1 of the transmission screw 63 is judged again, if the rotating speed T1 is not less than the rotating speed T2, the step is L9, if the rotating speed T1 is less than the rotating speed T2, the step is L5, if the guide rod 40 is prevented from descending;
l5, reversely rotating the main motor 61 to drive the guide rod 40 to ascend, judging the instantaneous rotating speed T1 of the transmission screw 63 again, if the rotating speed T1 is not less than the rotating speed T2, indicating that the guide rod 40 ascends normally, adding 1 to the first counting module, and entering a step L7, and if the rotating speed T1 is less than the rotating speed T2, indicating that the guide rod 40 also ascends and has a clamping stagnation phenomenon, entering a step L6;
l6, the main motor 61 is paused, the rotating motor 48 rotates reversely and then rotates forwards again, the clamping stagnation problem is solved by adjusting the extension and contraction of the scraper 41, meanwhile, 1 is added to the second counting module, when the rotating motor 48 rotates forwards and when the rotating speed T3 of the core rod 51 is O, the step L8 is carried out;
l7, judging whether the count of the first counting module is N times, if yes, entering the step L11, and if not, returning to the step L4;
the first counting module is used for calculating the number of times of reverse rotation of the main motor 61 in the single ash removal process for solving the problem of locked rotor, wherein N can be set to be 2-3 times, and when the single ash removal process is finished, the first counting module is automatically reset;
l8, judging whether the count of the second counting module is M times, if yes, entering the step L11, and if not, returning to the step L4;
the second counting module is used for calculating the times of reversely rotating and then positively rotating the rotating motor 48 in the single deashing process to solve the problem of locked rotor, wherein M can be set to be 2-3 times, and when the single deashing process is finished, the first counting module automatically clears;
l9, judging whether the guide rod 40 descends to the lowest position through a stroke sensor, if so, indicating a single time, entering a step L10, and if not, returning to the step L4;
l10 and the rotating motor 48 rotate reversely, when the rotating speed T3 of the core bar 51 is O, the rotating motor 48 stops, the main motor 61 rotates reversely, when the driving plate 49 rises to the highest position, the main motor 61 stops, the electric cylinder drives the movable partition plate to slide, so that the through holes in the movable partition plate and the through holes in the fixed partition plate are arranged in a staggered mode, and a sealing effect is achieved;
l11, alarm module.
By the automatic control method, timing and autonomous ash removal control can be realized, the heat exchange effect is improved, the clamping stagnation state can be autonomously judged during ash removal, the clamping stagnation problem is automatically solved, the automation degree is high, and the ash removal effect is good.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an energy-efficient boiler, includes furnace body (1), combustion chamber, combustor, and the combustion chamber is located furnace body (1), still is equipped with medium input channel (2) and medium output channel on furnace body (1), and the combustor is installed in furnace body (1) outside and is linked together with the combustion chamber, and it has flue gas output tube (4), its characterized in that still to communicate on the combustion chamber: further comprising:
the heat exchange device comprises a medium channel (7) for introducing a medium which is heated in the furnace body (1) and a heat exchange channel (8) for introducing water, and heat exchange is realized between the water and the medium through a heat exchange pipe;
the waste heat recovery device (5), the waste heat recovery device (5) is used for carrying out waste heat recovery on the high-temperature flue gas output from the flue gas output pipe (4);
an air preheating device (6) for preheating the air fed into the burner in advance;
the air preheating device (6) is positioned behind the waste heat recovery device (5) and communicated with the waste heat recovery device, and the air preheating device (6) is used for carrying out secondary waste heat recovery on the flue gas waste heat after passing through the waste heat recovery device (5);
the combustion chamber includes combustion chamber (11), back smoke chamber (12), preceding smoke chamber (13), once return stroke pipe (14) and secondary return stroke pipe (15), combustion chamber (11) eccentric settings is in the inside below of combustion chamber, the rear end and the back smoke chamber (12) intercommunication of combustion chamber (11), through once return stroke pipe (14) intercommunication between back smoke chamber (12) and preceding smoke chamber (13), and return stroke pipe (14) once are the week side of arranging in combustion chamber (11) of hoop array, through secondary return stroke pipe (15) intercommunication between preceding smoke chamber (13) and the flue gas output tube (4), and secondary return stroke pipe (15) are located the inside top side of combustion chamber.
2. An energy efficient boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combustor comprises a fuel storage tank, an air supply fan, a mixing nozzle and a control unit, wherein the mixing nozzle comprises an air inlet pipe (21), a fuel inlet pipe (22), a mixing cavity and a mixed gas outlet, and the air inlet pipe (21), the fuel inlet pipe (22) and the mixed gas outlet are communicated with the mixing cavity;
a pressure reducing valve, a manual valve, a proportional valve, a first flowmeter and a one-way safety valve are sequentially arranged between the fuel storage tank and the fuel inlet pipe (22), a second flowmeter is arranged between the air supply fan and the air inlet pipe (21), the input end of the control unit is electrically connected with the signal output ends of the first flowmeter and the second flowmeter respectively, and the output end of the control unit is electrically connected with the proportional valve and the air supply fan respectively;
the mixing cavity comprises an air inlet channel (23), a conical air cavity (24) and an air outlet channel (25), the small end of the conical air cavity (24) is communicated with the air inlet channel (23), the big end of the conical air cavity (24) is provided with a baffle plate (26), the baffle plate (26) is provided with an air passing port communicated with the air outlet channel (25), and the center of the conical air cavity (24) is provided with a spiral air guide plate (27); the fuel inlet pipe (22) is arranged in the air inlet channel (23) and is coaxially arranged with the air inlet channel (23), the air inlet pipe (21) and the air inlet channel (23) are tangentially arranged and are communicated with each other, the mixed gas outlet is arranged on the air outlet channel (25), and an ignition needle is arranged on the mixed gas outlet.
3. An energy efficient boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that: the waste heat recovery device (5) comprises:
the first recovery area comprises a first heating box (30) and an air inlet cavity (31) arranged at the top end of the first heating box (30);
the second recovery area comprises a second heating box (32) and an air outlet cavity (33) arranged at the top end of the second heating box (32);
the bottom of the first heating box (30) is communicated with the bottom of the second heating box (32), the bottom of the first heating box (30) and the bottom of the second heating box (32) are jointly provided with an air guide cavity (34), heat conduction pipes (35) are arranged in the first heating box (30) and the second heating box (32), the heat conduction pipes (35) are respectively used for communicating the air inlet cavity (31) with the air guide cavity (34) and communicating the air guide cavity (34) with the air outlet cavity (33), and the flue gas output pipe (4) is communicated with the air inlet cavity (31); all pack in first heating cabinet (30) and second heating cabinet (32) and have water, and the top of first heating cabinet (30) is equipped with the delivery port, and the top of second heating cabinet (32) is equipped with the water inlet, still is equipped with the ash removal device that is used for removing dust the clearance to heat pipe (35) inner wall on waste heat recovery device (5).
4. A high efficiency and energy saving boiler according to claim 3, wherein: the ash removal device comprises a plurality of guide rods (40) which penetrate through an air inlet cavity (31) and an air outlet cavity (33) and are opposite to the heat conduction pipe (35), a drive plate (49) is arranged at the top of each guide rod (40), the ash removal device further comprises a lifting drive assembly used for driving the drive plate (49) to lift, an ash removal mechanism is arranged at the bottom of each guide rod (40), and the ash removal mechanism comprises a scraper (41) and an adjusting drive assembly used for controlling the scraper (41) to stretch radially.
5. An energy efficient boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that: the lower extreme of scraper (41) is equipped with the blade, the inboard of scraper (41) is equipped with connecting rod (42), guide arm (40) are hollow structure, adjust drive assembly and include support (43), guide block (44), pivot (45), action wheel (46), a plurality of follow driving wheels (47), pivot (45) run through support (43) center setting, support (43) are fixed in guide arm (40), action wheel (46) are installed on pivot (45), follow driving wheel (47) use action wheel (46) to be the center and be the hoop equidistance and set up on support (43), and follow driving wheel (47) and action wheel (46) intermeshing, the quantity of scraper (41) is the same with the quantity of follow driving wheel (47), and the position of scraper (41) corresponds the setting with follow driving wheel (47), the dislocation set from top to bottom in position between adjacent scraper (41), connecting rod (42) radially run through guide arm (40) setting, and still be equipped with on one side of connecting rod (42) with follow driving wheel (47) meshing tooth, guide block (44) and follow driving wheel (47) correspond the setting, be equipped with the spout with connecting rod (42) adaptation on guide block (44), adjust drive assembly still including set up in guide arm (40) top and be used for driving rotating shaft (45) rotatory rotating electrical machines (48).
6. An energy efficient boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that: an overload protection assembly is further arranged between the output end of the rotating motor (48) and the rotating shaft (45), the overload protection assembly comprises a connecting rod (50), a core rod (51) and a movable guide sleeve (52), the output end of the rotating motor (48), the connecting rod (50) and the core rod (51) are sequentially connected, two ends of the movable guide sleeve (52) are respectively sleeved on the core rod (51) and the rotating shaft (45), a limiting block is arranged at one end, positioned in the movable guide sleeve (52), of the core rod (51), a clamping sleeve (53) fixedly connected with the movable guide sleeve (52) is further sleeved on the core rod (51), a spring (56) is further sleeved on the core rod (51), two ends of the spring are respectively abutted against the limiting block and the clamping sleeve (53), a plurality of guide grooves are further arranged on the rotating shaft (45), a plurality of guide blocks matched with the guide grooves are arranged on the inner wall of the movable guide sleeve (52), a concave-convex first engaging surface (55) is further arranged at one end, facing towards the connecting rod (50), of the movable guide sleeve (52), the connecting rod (50) is provided with an engaging sleeve (54), and the engaging sleeve (54) is provided with a second engaging surface matched with the first engaging surface.
7. An energy efficient boiler according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: the driving assembly comprises a main motor (61), a main transmission shaft (62), a transmission screw rod (63), a main gear (64) and an auxiliary gear (65), one end of the transmission screw rod (63) is in threaded connection with the center of a driving plate (49), the other end of the transmission screw rod (63) is in fixed structure with the main gear (64), the main transmission shaft (62) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the main motor (61), the main gear (64) is sleeved on the main transmission shaft (62), an upper driving wheel (66), a lower cushion wheel (67), a reset spring and a locking nut (68) are further sleeved on the main transmission shaft (62), the locking nut (68), the reset spring (69), the upper driving wheel (66), the main gear (64) and the lower cushion wheel (67) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the locking nut (68) is in threaded connection with the main transmission shaft (62), the upper cushion wheel (66) and the lower cushion wheel (67) are both in key connection with the main transmission shaft (62), and the upper driving wheel (66) is provided with a spherical convex surface which is butted against the main gear (64), and the main gear (64) is provided with a spherical groove which is butted against the spherical convex surface.
8. An energy efficient boiler according to claim 7, characterized in that: the top in chamber (31) of admitting air and the top in chamber (33) of giving vent to anger all are equipped with and are used for accomodating chamber (70) of scraper (41), the bottom of accomodating chamber (70) is equipped with baffle subassembly (71), baffle subassembly (71) are including from top to bottom coincide's movable partition in proper order, heat insulating mattress and fixed stop, movable partition, all be equipped with the through-hole that supplies guide arm (40) to pass on heat insulating mattress and the fixed stop, fixed stop and heat insulating mattress fixed mounting are in accomodating chamber (70), the outside of accomodating chamber (70) still is equipped with the electronic jar that is used for driving the relative fixed stop horizontal slip of movable partition.
9. A control system for an energy efficient boiler as defined in claim 2, characterized in that: the control unit controls the combustion of the combustor, and the medium output channel is also provided with a temperature sensor, and the control unit comprises the following steps:
before combustion, the control unit controls the air quantity of the fan and the opening of the proportional valve according to the preset ratio of fuel to air, and then an ignition needle is ignited for combustion;
in the combustion process, flow signals are detected in real time through the first flowmeter and the second flowmeter and fed back to the control unit, and the air quantity of the fan and the opening degree of the proportional valve are controlled to achieve the optimal combustion ratio; meanwhile, the temperature in the medium output channel is detected through the temperature sensor, when the temperature is too low, the control unit increases the air quantity of the air supply fan and the opening degree of the proportional valve in an equal proportion mode, and when the temperature is too high, the control unit decreases the air quantity of the air supply fan and the opening degree of the proportional valve in an equal proportion mode.
10. A control method for an energy-efficient boiler according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the operation process of the boiler, the ash removal device carries out ash removal on the inner wall of a heat conduction pipe (35) of the waste heat recovery device (5) at regular time, the ash removal device is also controlled by a control unit, the ash removal device further comprises a first rotating speed sensor for detecting the rotating speed of a transmission screw (63), a second rotating speed sensor for detecting the rotating speed of a main transmission shaft (62), a third rotating speed sensor for detecting the rotating speed of a core rod (51) and a stroke sensor for detecting the lifting position of a driving plate (49), the output ends of the first rotating speed sensor, the second rotating speed sensor, the third rotating speed sensor and the stroke sensor are connected with the control unit, and the control unit further comprises an alarm module, a first counting module and a second counting module;
the ash removal control process comprises the following steps:
l1, driving the movable partition plate to translate by the electric cylinder, so that the through hole in the movable partition plate is opposite to the through hole in the fixed partition plate; the main motor (61) starts to rotate forwards, the rotating speed T1 of the transmission screw (63) and the rotating speed T2 of the main transmission shaft (62) are judged at the same time, if the rotating speed T1 is not less than the rotating speed T2, the step L2 is carried out, and if the rotating speed T1 is less than the rotating speed T2, the step L7 is carried out;
l2, judging whether the guide rod (40) descends into the heat dissipation pipe or not through the stroke sensor, if so, entering a step L3, and if not, returning to the step L1;
l3, pausing the main motor (61), rotating the rotating motor (48) in the forward direction, radially stretching the scraper (41), detecting the rotating state of the core rod (51) through a second rotating speed sensor, and if the rotating speed of the core rod (51) is O, entering the step L4;
l4, the rotating motor (48) is suspended, the main motor (61) restores to rotate forwards, the rotating speed T1 of the transmission screw (63) is judged again, if the rotating speed T1 is not less than the rotating speed T2, the step L8 is carried out, and if the rotating speed T1 is less than the rotating speed T2, the step L5 is carried out;
l5, reversely rotating the main motor (61), driving the guide rod (40) to ascend, judging the instantaneous rotating speed T1 of the transmission screw (63) again, if the rotating speed T1 is not less than the rotating speed T2, adding 1 to the first counting module, and entering a step L7, and if the rotating speed T1 is less than the rotating speed T2, entering a step L6;
l6, pausing the main motor (61), reversely rotating the rotating motor (48) and then forwardly rotating again, simultaneously adding 1 to the second counting module, forwardly rotating the rotating motor (48), and entering the step L8 when the rotating speed T3 of the core rod (51) is O;
l7, judging whether the count of the first counting module is N times, if yes, entering the step L11, and if not, returning to the step L4;
l8, judging whether the count of the second counting module is M times, if yes, entering the step L11, and if not, returning to the step L4;
l9, judging whether the guide rod (40) descends to the lowest position through a stroke sensor, if so, entering a step L10, and if not, returning to the step L4;
l10, rotating the motor (48) reversely, when the rotating speed T3 of the core bar (51) is O, the rotating motor (48) is stopped, the main motor (61) reversely rotates, when the driving plate (49) rises to the highest position, the main motor (61) is stopped, the electric cylinder drives the movable partition plate to slide, and the through hole in the movable partition plate and the through hole in the fixed partition plate are arranged in a staggered mode;
l11, alarm module.
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KR100790306B1 (en) * 2007-09-20 2008-01-02 유병대 Electric heating apparatus
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CN117232005B (en) * 2023-11-15 2024-01-30 宝鸡市海鑫钛镍有限公司 Anti-blocking air preheating device

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