CN113431866A - Bidirectional vibration suppression shock absorber and design method thereof - Google Patents
Bidirectional vibration suppression shock absorber and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113431866A CN113431866A CN202110610348.2A CN202110610348A CN113431866A CN 113431866 A CN113431866 A CN 113431866A CN 202110610348 A CN202110610348 A CN 202110610348A CN 113431866 A CN113431866 A CN 113431866A
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
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Abstract
The invention provides a shock absorber and a design method thereof, wherein the shock absorber comprises a base, a shock absorption assembly and an adjusting assembly, wherein the base is used for connecting an external component; the vibration damping assembly comprises an elastic piece and a mass block, and the mass block is detachably connected to the elastic piece and is movably arranged relative to the base; the elastic piece has different elastic moduli at least in a first direction and a second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the plane where the first direction and the second direction are located is not parallel to the extending direction of the elastic piece; the adjusting assembly is connected to the elastic member, and the adjusting assembly is movably connected to the base so as to adjust the rigidity of the elastic member. In the shock absorber of this embodiment, through the cooperation that sets up damping subassembly and adjusting part, adjusting part can adjust the rigidity of elastic component to can conveniently change the quality piece, simple structure, it is convenient to adjust, and simultaneously, the effect that two-way vibration target suppression can also be realized to this shock absorber, excellent in use effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vibration suppression, in particular to a vibration damper and a design method thereof.
Background
In the machining process, the machining quality and the machining precision of a product are affected by tiny vibration in equipment, so that the equipment is generally required to be provided with a vibration damper to inhibit the vibration so as to reduce the influence of the vibration on the machining.
At present, two methods for suppressing vibration are mainly used, namely active control and passive control, wherein the former needs to monitor a vibration signal and calculate in real time, then inputs a driving force to an actuator, and exerts a certain influence on a control target to achieve the purpose of suppressing vibration; the vibration damper can achieve the purpose of suppressing vibration only by arranging a corresponding vibration damper according to the structural characteristics of the vibration damper and the principle of the vibration damper, has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and no need of inputting external energy, and has good vibration damping effect. Passive control is therefore the most common method of vibration control. However, the mass and stiffness of the conventional damper are not adjustable, the frequency response range of the damper is fixed after the damper is installed, and the damping effect of the damper is reduced sharply once the natural frequency of the primary system exceeds the working frequency range of the primary system.
Therefore, a new type of shock absorber is needed to be designed to change the current situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a shock absorber and a design method thereof, which are used for solving the problem of poor use effect of the traditional shock absorber.
The invention proposes a shock absorber comprising:
a base for connecting an external member;
the vibration damping assembly comprises an elastic piece and a mass block, and the mass block is detachably connected to the elastic piece and is movably arranged relative to the base; the elastic piece at least has different elastic moduli in a first direction and a second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and a plane in which the first direction and the second direction are located is not parallel to the extending direction of the elastic piece; and
the adjusting assembly is connected to the elastic piece and movably connected to the base so as to adjust the rigidity of the elastic piece.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the elastic member includes a plurality of elastic units connected to each other and formed with apertures; wherein the cross section of the elastic part is rectangular.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the elastic unit includes a central portion and a plurality of connection bars, one ends of the plurality of connection bars are connected to the central portion, and the other ends of the plurality of connection bars are connected to the central portions of the other elastic units in a one-to-one correspondence.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the elastic unit comprises three connecting rods, and the three connecting rods are perpendicular to each other two by two.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the mass block comprises a mass block body and a fixing plate, wherein a mounting groove is formed in the mass block body, the elastic element is arranged in the mounting groove in a penetrating manner, and the fixing plate is movably accommodated in the mounting groove and used for fixing the elastic element.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the number of the mass blocks is at least two, the two mass blocks are both connected to the elastic member, and the two mass blocks are spaced apart from each other.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the adjusting assembly comprises at least two adjusting blocks and an adjusting shaft, the adjusting blocks are in sliding fit with the base, the adjusting shaft is respectively connected to the adjusting blocks and used for adjusting the distance between the adjusting blocks along the axial direction of the adjusting shaft, and the adjusting blocks are arranged in parallel and at intervals and connected to the elastic piece.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the adjusting block is provided with a driving hole, the adjusting shaft comprises an operating shaft part and a driving shaft part which are connected, the driving shaft part is in threaded fit with the driving hole, and the operating shaft part and the driving shaft part are coaxially arranged.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the base defines an adjustment slot, and the operation shaft is at least partially received in the adjustment slot.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting shaft further includes a connecting shaft portion, a shaft diameter of the connecting shaft portion is smaller than the operating shaft portion and the driving shaft portion, and the base is provided with a shaft hole, and the connecting shaft portion is rotatably fitted with the shaft hole.
The invention also provides a design method of the shock absorber, which is used for the shock absorber, wherein the elastic piece is an elastic rod piece, the inside of the elastic rod piece is of a porous structure, and the elastic rod piece is manufactured by additive manufacturing; the elastic piece comprises a plurality of elastic units which are connected with each other and are provided with pores; wherein the cross section of the elastic part is rectangular;
the elastic unit comprises a spherical central part and three connecting rods, one ends of the three connecting rods are connected to the central part, the other ends of the three connecting rods are respectively connected to the central parts of other elastic units in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the three connecting rods are identical in length and different in diameter, and the three connecting rods are all arranged orthogonally; the design method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring the effective vibration length of the elastic part and the mass of the mass block according to the natural frequency and the installation space of the main system;
acquiring equivalent stiffness of the elastic piece in two directions;
under corresponding load, optimizing and determining the distribution of the equivalent elastic modulus on the section;
and obtaining the design size of each elastic unit by a size optimization method.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of optimally determining the distribution of the equivalent elastic modulus in the cross section under the corresponding load further includes:
establishing an equivalent model of the elastic piece, and taking the equivalent elastic modulus of each elastic unit related to the section as an optimization variable;
under corresponding load, the design rigidity is close to the required rigidity as an optimization target;
the distribution of the equivalent elastic modulus over the cross section is solved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining the design size of each of the elastic units by a size optimization method further includes:
according to the maximum deformation of the elastic unit under the corresponding load;
establishing a three-dimensional model of the elastic part, parameterizing the internal dimension of the elastic part, importing the parameterized elastic part into finite element software, completing statics analysis, acquiring parameterized variables, and further setting an optimization target and constraint;
the optimization target is that the error between the deformation amount of the elastic unit and a design value delta l is minimum, and the maximum deformation is restricted to be defined to be smaller than a certain value;
setting the value range of the parameterized variable, and calculating the diameter range of the three connecting rods;
and obtaining an optimal solution according to a multi-target genetic algorithm.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the vibration absorber of the embodiment is used, the base is fixed on equipment needing vibration suppression, the mass block with the corresponding type is selected according to the natural frequency of the equipment, the mass block is connected to the elastic part, and the rigidity of the elastic part can be adjusted by moving the adjusting component, so that the vibration absorber can achieve the optimal suppression state; in the use, when the operating frequency of equipment changes, can change corresponding quality piece to guarantee the damping effect of shock absorber, in addition, through setting up the elastic component that has different elastic modulus in two directions at least, the vibration damping subassembly can restrain the vibration in two directions simultaneously, excellent in use effect.
In the shock absorber of this embodiment, through the cooperation that sets up damping subassembly and adjusting part, adjusting part can adjust the rigidity of elastic component to can conveniently change the quality piece, simple structure, it is convenient to adjust, and simultaneously, the effect that two-way vibration target suppression can also be realized to this shock absorber, excellent in use effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Wherein:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a shock absorber in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a shock absorber in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a vibration damping module in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the base and adjustment assembly in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an adjustment shaft in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an elastic unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure:
10. a shock absorber; 100. A base; 110. A base body;
111. connecting grooves; 112. A bearing part; 1121. A shaft hole;
113. an adjustment groove; 120. A shaft cover; 200. A vibration reduction assembly;
210. an elastic member; 211. An elastic unit; 2111. A central portion;
2112. a connecting rod; 21121, a first connecting rod; 21122, a second connecting rod;
21123. a third connecting rod; 220. A mass block; 221. A mass block body;
2211. mounting grooves; 2212. An adjustment hole; 222. A fixing plate;
230. an end plate; 300. An adjustment assembly; 310. An adjusting block;
311. a regulating block body; 3111. A bearing hole; 3112. A drive aperture;
312. a connecting portion; 320. An adjustment shaft; 321. An operation shaft portion;
322. a connecting shaft portion; 323. A drive shaft portion.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a shock absorber 10, which includes a base 100, a damping assembly 200, and an adjustment assembly 300, wherein the base 100 serves as a carrier for mounting the damping assembly 200 and the adjustment assembly 300, and the shock absorber 10 is connected to an external member through the base 100; the damping assembly 200 comprises an elastic member 210 and a mass 220, wherein the mass 220 is detachably connected to the elastic member 210 and movably arranged relative to the base 100; the elastic member 210 has different elastic moduli at least in a first direction and a second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and a plane in which the first direction and the second direction are located is not parallel to the extending direction of the elastic member 210; the adjusting assembly 300 is connected to the elastic member 210, and the adjusting assembly 300 is movably connected to the base 100 for adjusting the rigidity of the elastic member 210.
When the damper 10 of the present embodiment is used, the base 100 is fixed on a device that needs to suppress vibration, the mass block 220 of the corresponding type is selected according to the natural frequency of the device, the mass block 220 is connected to the elastic member 210, and the stiffness of the elastic member 210 can be adjusted by moving the adjusting assembly 300, so that the damper 10 can achieve the optimal suppression state; in the using process, when the working frequency of the device is changed, the corresponding mass block 220 can be replaced to ensure the vibration reduction effect of the vibration reducer 10, and in addition, by arranging the elastic member 210 with different elastic moduli in at least two directions, the vibration reduction assembly 200 can simultaneously suppress the vibration in the two directions, and the using effect is good.
In the shock absorber 10 of this embodiment, through the cooperation that sets up damping subassembly 200 and adjusting part 300, adjusting part 300 can adjust the rigidity of elastic component 210 to can conveniently change quality piece 220, simple structure, it is convenient to adjust, and simultaneously, this shock absorber 10 can also realize the effect that two-way vibration target restraines, excellent in use effect.
It should be noted that, referring to fig. 1, the X direction is defined as a first direction, and the Y direction is defined as a second direction, in this embodiment, the elastic element 210 extends along the Z direction, and a plane of the X direction and the Y direction is perpendicular to the Z direction; with this arrangement, by controlling only the elastic modulus of the elastic member 210 in the X direction and the Y direction, the bending strength of the elastic member 210 can be controlled, thereby enabling the vibration damping module 200 to achieve the effect of targeted suppression of bidirectional vibration.
In other embodiments, the plane of the first direction and the second direction may have an included angle with the Z direction, and when the plane is not parallel to the Z direction, the two-way vibration targeted suppression effect of the vibration damping assembly 200 may be achieved, which is not limited herein.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the embodiment, the proof mass 220 includes a proof mass body 221 and a fixing plate 222, wherein the proof mass body 221 has an installation groove 2211 therein, the elastic element 210 is inserted into the installation groove 2211, and the fixing plate 222 is movably received in the installation groove 2211 and is used for fixing the elastic element 210.
When the damper 10 of the present embodiment is used, the corresponding mass 220 is selected according to the natural frequency of the device, one end of the elastic member 210 is inserted into the mounting groove 2211, and the fixing plate 222 is inserted between the inner wall of the mounting groove 2211 and the elastic member 210, so that the fixing plate 222 can abut against the outer wall of the elastic member 210, thereby fixing the mass body 221 on the elastic member 210.
Referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the mass 220 is provided with an adjusting hole 2212, and the damping assembly 200 further includes a fastening member (not shown in the figure), the fastening member is in threaded engagement with the adjusting hole 2212 and abuts against one side of the fixing plate 222 away from the elastic member 210, and the fastening member is adjusted to drive the fixing plate 222 to approach or move away from the elastic member 210, so as to fix or release the elastic member 210, which is simple in structure and convenient to operate.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the number of the fixing plates 222 is two, the mass body 221 is provided with two adjusting holes 2212, the two adjusting holes 2212 are respectively perpendicular to one side wall of the rectangular mounting groove 2211, each adjusting hole 2212 corresponds to one fixing plate 222 and one fastener, and the two fixing plates 222 are orthogonal; by this arrangement, when the elastic element 210 is connected to the mass 220, the two fixing plates 222 can limit the elastic element 210 in two directions, so as to ensure the connection between the elastic element 210 and the mass 220.
In this embodiment, the damping module 200 further includes an end plate 230, the end plate 230 being detachably connected to one end of the mass 220 and covering the mounting groove 2211; when the elastic member 210 is connected to the mass member 220, the end plate 230 may abut against one end of the elastic member 210 and serve to limit the movement of the mass member 220 on the elastic member 210.
Further, the number of the mass blocks 220 is at least two, two mass blocks 220 are connected to the elastic member 210, and the two mass blocks 220 are spaced apart from each other.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in the present embodiment, the number of the mass blocks 220 is two, and the two mass blocks 220 are respectively disposed at two opposite ends of the elastic element 210; in other embodiments, one, three or more than three mass blocks 220 may be provided, and a corresponding number of mass blocks 220 is provided according to the actual requirement of the shock absorber 10, which is not limited herein.
Specifically, the adjusting assembly 300 includes at least two adjusting blocks 310 and an adjusting shaft 320, the adjusting blocks 310 are slidably engaged with the base 100, the adjusting shaft 320 is connected to the adjusting blocks 310 respectively and is used for adjusting the distance between the adjusting blocks 310 along the axial direction of the adjusting shaft 320, and the adjusting blocks 310 are arranged in parallel and at intervals and connected to the elastic member 210.
Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the number of the adjusting blocks 310 is two, the two adjusting blocks 310 are symmetrically arranged at intervals, the elastic element 210 respectively penetrates through the two adjusting blocks 310 and is supported by the adjusting blocks 310, and the two mass blocks 220 are respectively arranged at the outer sides of the adjusting blocks 310; when using the shock absorber 10 of the present embodiment, the distance between the two adjusting blocks 310 is adjusted to adjust the distance between the two adjusting blocks 310 on the elastic member 210, so as to achieve the effect of adjusting the elastic member 210. Specifically, the number of the adjusting blocks 310 may also be three or more, and by providing a plurality of adjusting blocks 310, the elastic member 210 may be stably supported, but it should be noted that, without adjusting the position of the adjusting blocks 310, the rigidity of the elastic member 210 is improved as the number of the adjusting blocks 310 increases.
In this embodiment, when the plurality of adjusting blocks 310 are adjusted by the adjusting shaft 320, at least two adjusting blocks 310 of the plurality of adjusting blocks 310 can move in opposite directions, so as to achieve the function of adjusting the distance between the two adjusting blocks 310.
Further, the adjusting block 310 is provided with a driving hole 3112, the adjusting shaft 320 includes an operating shaft portion 321 and a driving shaft portion 323 which are connected, the driving shaft portion 323 is screwed with the driving hole 3112, and the operating shaft portion 321 and the driving shaft portion 323 are coaxially arranged.
Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the adjusting shaft 320 includes two driving shaft portions 323, the two driving shaft portions 323 are symmetrically disposed at opposite ends of the operating shaft portion 321, each of the two driving shaft portions 323 is screwed to one adjusting block 310, and during the process of rotating the operating shaft portion 321, the two adjusting blocks 310 can be driven by the driving shaft portions 323 to simultaneously approach or separate from each other, so as to adjust the distance between the two adjusting blocks 310 of the elastic member 210, thereby achieving the effect of adjusting the rigidity of the elastic member 210, and the operation is convenient.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the two drive shaft portions 323 have the same thread direction, while the two adjustment blocks 310 have different thread directions of the drive holes 3112, thereby allowing the two adjustment blocks 310 to move toward or away from each other at the same time; in another embodiment, the rotation of the two driving shaft portions 323 can be opposite, and the driving holes 3112 of the two adjusting blocks 310 are rotated in the same direction, which is not described herein again.
Further, referring to fig. 4 and 5, the base 100 is provided with an adjusting groove 113, and the operating shaft 321 is at least partially received in the adjusting groove 113.
In this embodiment, the peripheral wall of the operation shaft 321 is provided with a tooth profile, when the adjustment assembly 300 of this embodiment is used, the rack self-adjustment groove 113 can be inserted and engaged with the tooth profile of the operation shaft 321, and the function of driving the operation shaft 321 to rotate can be realized by moving the rack, so that the function of adjusting the adjustment block 310 is realized, and the adjustment assembly is convenient to operate and good in use effect. Meanwhile, by disposing the adjustment shaft 320 in the adjustment groove 113 of the base 100, the possibility of the operation shaft portion 321 being touched by mistake can also be reduced.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, the adjusting shaft 320 further includes a connecting shaft portion 322, the shaft diameter of the connecting shaft portion 322 is smaller than the operating shaft portion 321 and the driving shaft portion 323, the base 100 is provided with a shaft hole 1121, and the connecting shaft portion 322 is rotatably engaged with the shaft hole 1121
With this arrangement, when the adjustment shaft 320 is mounted on the base 100, the connection shaft portion 322 with a smaller shaft diameter can be engaged with the shaft hole 1121 of the base 100 to achieve a function of limiting the axial direction of the adjustment shaft 320.
Specifically, the base 100 includes a base body 110 and a shaft cover 120, the shaft cover 120 is detachably connected to the base body 110, a bearing portion 112 is convexly disposed on the base body 110, and the shaft cover 120 and the bearing portion 112 enclose a shaft hole 1121; and the bearing parts 112 are provided in two, the two bearing parts 112 being located at opposite sides of the regulating groove 113.
When assembling the damper 10 of the present embodiment, the adjusting shaft 320 is first connected to the bearing portion 112 of the base 100 through the connecting shaft portion 322, the two bearing portions 112 can be supported on the two connecting shaft portions 322 of the adjusting shaft 320, and then the shaft cover 120 is fastened to the bearing portion 112, so that a plurality of degrees of freedom of the adjusting shaft 320 can be restricted, and only the adjusting shaft 320 retains a rotational degree of freedom using the axial direction thereof as a rotational axis, which is simple in structure and convenient to assemble and disassemble.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the base 100 is provided with a connecting groove 111, the adjusting block 310 includes an adjusting block body 311 and a connecting portion 312, the adjusting block body 311 is used for carrying the elastic element 210, and the connecting portion 312 is disposed at the bottom of the adjusting block body 311 and is in sliding fit with the connecting groove 111 of the base 100.
In this embodiment, as shown in the placing state of fig. 4, the cross section of the connecting groove 111 is a trapezoid with a small top and a large bottom, and the connecting portion 312 is adapted to the connecting groove 111, so that after the connecting portion 312 is connected to the connecting groove 111, the connecting portion 312 can be limited, so that the connecting portion 312 only retains the degree of freedom of axial movement along the adjusting shaft 320, and the adjusting device has a simple structure, a good using effect, and smooth sliding. In other embodiments, the cross section of the connecting groove 111 may be circular, rectangular, etc., and is not limited herein.
Referring to fig. 3 and 6, the elastic member 210 includes a plurality of elastic units 211, and the plurality of elastic units 211 are connected to each other and formed with apertures; wherein the cross section of the elastic member 210 is rectangular.
In this embodiment, the elastic member 210 is a porous structure formed by a plurality of elastic units 211, so that the elastic member 210 can utilize the anisotropic property of the elastic member 210 to achieve a vibration damping effect on the premise of having a compact structure, the porous elastic member 210 can absorb most of the capability of the mass block 220 in the vibration process, and the elastic member 210 with a rectangular cross section can achieve the purpose of simultaneously damping vibrations in two directions.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the adjusting block 310 is provided with a bearing hole 3111, the bearing hole 3111 is rectangular, the rectangular elastic member 210 is inserted into the rectangular bearing hole 3111, the size of the bearing hole 3111 can be adapted to the elastic member 210, or can be larger than the cross-sectional area of the elastic member 210, which is not limited herein, and when the inner area of the bearing hole 3111 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the elastic member 210, the elastic member 210 may move relative to the adjusting block 310 in the deformation process.
Referring to fig. 6, the elastic unit 211 includes a center portion 2111 and a plurality of connection bars 2112, one ends of the plurality of connection bars 2112 are connected to the center portion 2111, and the other ends of the plurality of connection bars 2112 are connected to the center portions 2111 of the other elastic units 211 in a one-to-one correspondence.
In this embodiment, the elastic member 210 may be manufactured by an additive manufacturing technique, and the size of the connection rod 2112 of the elastic unit 211 is controlled to control the elastic modulus of the elastic member 210 in two orthogonal directions, thereby controlling the bending stiffness thereof; specifically, the elastic member 210 may be made of a metal material such as an aluminum alloy, or a non-metal material, which is not limited herein.
By adopting the elastic member 210 having a porous structure, the shock absorber 10 can have a more compact structure on the premise of ensuring the shock absorbing capability of the shock absorber 10, so that the shock absorber 10 can be suitable for the shock absorption requirement of the screw pair transmission system.
In this embodiment, the elastic unit 211 includes three connection bars 2112, and the three connection bars 2112 are perpendicular to each other two by two.
Referring to fig. 6, three connection bars 2112 are a first connection bar 21121, a second connection bar 21122, and a third connection bar 21123, respectively, and the diameters of the first connection bar 21121, the second connection bar 21122, and the third connection bar 21123 are sequentially increased.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the elastic member 210 in the figures is only illustrated by way of example, that is, in the actual shock absorber 10, the spacing or the gap between the elastic units 211 in the elastic member 210 is not necessarily the same as or similar to the size in the figures, in the actual elastic member 210, the gap may be a microstructure, and the gap in the figures is illustrated in an enlarged form and is not limited herein.
The present invention also provides a method of designing a shock absorber for use with shock absorber 10 as described in any of the above embodiments, comprising the steps of:
s100, acquiring a natural frequency of the shock absorber 10 and a mass value of the mass block 220, and acquiring a rigidity value of the elastic member 210 according to the natural frequency and the mass value;
specifically, the parameters associated with the mass 220, such as volume and mass, and thus the natural frequency of the shock absorber 10, are determined based on the installation space and design requirements of the shock absorber 10.
S200, acquiring a length value of the extension of the self-adjusting assembly 300 of the elastic element 210, and acquiring an effective bending vibration length of the elastic element 210 according to the length value;
calculating formula according to the natural frequency:
and the mass of mass 220 to determine the stiffness of shock absorber 10.
S300, adjusting the rigidity of the elastic piece 210 according to the effective bending vibration length;
considering the portion of the resilient member 210 extending from the adjustment assembly 300 as a cantilever beam, defining its length as l, the deflection line equation for the rod is:
the free end static deflection of the rod is then:
maximum speed of the mass 220 under vibration
The maximum speed of movement of each point on the rod is:
the maximum kinetic energy of the dy section at the position y away from the fixed end of the rod is as follows:
the maximum kinetic energy the entire rod has:
maximum kinetic energy of the system:
wherein, TmmaxThe maximum kinetic energy of the mass 220;
the stiffness at the mass 220 on the rod is assumed to be kcThen the maximum potential energy of shock absorber 10 is:
known by conservation of mechanical energy, Umax＝TmaxThe mass 220 does simple harmonic vibration under the action of the elastic element 210:
substituting energy conservation formula:
the relationship between the rigidity and the effective bending vibration length of the rod can be obtained by the above formula, and the rigidity is quantitatively and finely adjusted by controlling the effective bending vibration length of the rod.
Further, the design method further comprises:
s400, acquiring the maximum deformation amount of the elastic unit 211 of the elastic piece 210;
the effective vibration length of the elastic member 210 is determined by testing the natural frequency of the primary system, and the mass of the mass 220 is determined according to the installation space of the shock absorber 10. Secondly, according to the following formula:
the equivalent modulus of elasticity of the elastic member 220 is determined.
The equivalent elastic modulus is substituted into the following formula, and the elastic unit 211 of the elastic member 210 is maximally deformed under the corresponding load.
Wherein: fRFor an applied load, A is the cross-sectional area, Δ l is the maximum deformation, and l is the original length in the direction of maximum deformation
S500, obtaining a finite element model of the elastic unit 211;
specifically, a three-dimensional model of the elastic unit 211 is made in SolidWorks, and then the diameters of three pairwise perpendicular connecting rods 2112 inside the elastic unit are parameterized;
s600, performing statics analysis on the elastic unit 211 to obtain a plurality of parameterized variables;
s700, constraining the maximum deformation value of the elastic element 210 according to a plurality of parameterized variables and the maximum deformation;
and importing the calculation into an ANSYS Workbench, firstly carrying out static analysis, after the static analysis is finished, selecting a Direct Optimization module through a Design Optimization tool, entering an Optimization setting window, and adding all parameterized variables into the current analysis one by one.
Further, setting optimization targets and constraints: the optimization target is that the amount of deformation of the elastic unit 211 in both directions has the smallest error from the design value Δ l, and the constraint defines the maximum deformation to be smaller than a certain value.
Further, setting the value range of the parameterized variable: the diameters of the three pairwise perpendicular connecting rods 2112 in the elastic unit 211 should not be smaller than a certain value or larger than a certain value,
and S800, acquiring an optimal solution according to a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA).
Specifically, the multi-objective genetic algorithm is to analyze the deformation of three pairwise perpendicular connecting rods 2112 in the elastic unit 211 by changing the diameter of the connecting rods under the condition of unchanged load so as to obtain an optimal solution.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A shock absorber, comprising:
a base for connecting an external member;
the vibration damping assembly comprises an elastic piece and a mass block, and the mass block is detachably connected to the elastic piece and is movably arranged relative to the base; the elastic piece at least has different elastic moduli in a first direction and a second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and a plane in which the first direction and the second direction are located is not parallel to the extending direction of the elastic piece; and
the adjusting assembly is connected to the elastic piece and movably connected to the base so as to adjust the rigidity of the elastic piece.
2. The damper according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member includes a plurality of elastic units connected to each other and formed with apertures; wherein the cross section of the elastic part is rectangular.
3. The damper according to claim 2, wherein the elastic unit includes a central portion and a plurality of connecting rods, one ends of the plurality of connecting rods are connected to the central portion, and the other ends of the plurality of connecting rods are connected to the central portions of the other elastic units in a one-to-one correspondence.
4. The damper according to claim 3, characterized in that said elastic unit comprises three connecting rods, and three of said connecting rods are mutually perpendicular two by two.
5. The damper according to claim 1, wherein the mass comprises a mass body and a fixing plate, the mass body has a mounting groove therein, the elastic member is disposed in the mounting groove, and the fixing plate is movably received in the mounting groove and is used for fixing the elastic member.
6. The damper according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the number of said mass blocks is at least two, both of said mass blocks are connected to said elastic member, and said mass blocks are spaced apart.
7. The shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein said adjusting assembly comprises at least two adjusting blocks and an adjusting shaft, said adjusting blocks are slidably engaged with said base, said adjusting shaft is connected to a plurality of said adjusting blocks respectively and is used for adjusting the distance between said adjusting blocks along the axial direction of said adjusting shaft, and a plurality of said adjusting blocks are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and connected to said elastic member.
8. The shock absorber according to claim 7, wherein said adjustment block is provided with a drive hole, said adjustment shaft includes an operation shaft portion and a drive shaft portion which are joined, said drive shaft portion is screw-fitted to said drive hole, and said operation shaft portion is disposed coaxially with said drive shaft portion.
9. The damper of claim 8, wherein the base defines an adjustment slot, the operating shaft portion being at least partially received in the adjustment slot.
10. The damper according to claim 8, wherein the adjustment shaft further includes a connection shaft portion having a smaller shaft diameter than the operation shaft portion and the drive shaft portion, and the base is provided with a shaft hole with which the connection shaft portion is rotatably fitted.
11. A method of designing a shock absorber for a shock absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said elastic member is an elastic rod member having a porous structure inside and being manufactured by additive manufacturing; the elastic piece comprises a plurality of elastic units which are connected with each other and are provided with pores; wherein the cross section of the elastic part is rectangular;
the elastic unit comprises a spherical central part and three connecting rods, one ends of the three connecting rods are connected to the central part, the other ends of the three connecting rods are respectively connected to the central parts of other elastic units in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the three connecting rods are identical in length and different in diameter, and the three connecting rods are all arranged orthogonally; the design method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring the effective vibration length of the elastic part and the mass of the mass block according to the natural frequency and the installation space of the main system;
acquiring equivalent stiffness of the elastic piece in two directions;
under corresponding load, optimizing and determining the distribution of the equivalent elastic modulus on the section;
and obtaining the design size of each elastic unit by a size optimization method.
12. The design method for optimizing distribution of equivalent elastic modulus on cross section as claimed in claim 11, wherein said step of optimizing and determining distribution of equivalent elastic modulus on cross section under corresponding load further comprises:
establishing an equivalent model of the elastic piece, and taking the equivalent elastic modulus of each elastic unit related to the section as an optimization variable;
under corresponding load, the design rigidity is close to the required rigidity as an optimization target;
the distribution of the equivalent elastic modulus over the cross section is solved.
13. The design method for obtaining equivalent stiffness of the elastic member in two directions according to claim 11, wherein the step of obtaining the design dimension of each elastic unit by a dimension optimization method further comprises:
according to the maximum deformation of the elastic unit under the corresponding load;
establishing a three-dimensional model of the elastic part, parameterizing the internal dimension of the elastic part, importing the parameterized elastic part into finite element software, completing statics analysis, acquiring parameterized variables, and further setting an optimization target and constraint;
the optimization target is that the error between the deformation amount of the elastic unit and a design value delta l is minimum, and the maximum deformation is restricted to be defined to be smaller than a certain value;
setting the value range of the parameterized variable, and calculating the diameter range of the three connecting rods;
and obtaining an optimal solution according to a multi-target genetic algorithm.
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