CN113431629A - Device and method for distinguishing water guide channel in tunnel solution cavity - Google Patents
Device and method for distinguishing water guide channel in tunnel solution cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN113431629A CN113431629A CN202110659904.5A CN202110659904A CN113431629A CN 113431629 A CN113431629 A CN 113431629A CN 202110659904 A CN202110659904 A CN 202110659904A CN 113431629 A CN113431629 A CN 113431629A
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- shaped joint
- pipe
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002627 tracheal intubation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for distinguishing a water guide channel in a tunnel dissolving cavity, wherein the technical scheme is as follows: the method comprises the following steps: the sealing unit comprises a horn-shaped joint, the horn-shaped joint is connected with the sliding barrel through an adjusting framework, and the sliding barrel is sleeved on the outer side of the inner insertion pipe; when the sliding barrel moves along the axial direction of the inner inserting tube, the horn-shaped joint can be contracted or expanded; the inflation unit is used for inflating the dissolving cavity through the inner insertion tube and is provided with a first gas flowmeter; the pressure relief unit comprises a pressure relief pipe extending into the dissolving cavity through the inner inserting pipe, and the pressure relief pipe is provided with a pressure relief valve and a second gas flowmeter; and under the condition that the pressure release valve is opened by gas, judging whether a water guide channel exists in the solution cavity or not by comparing the values of the first gas flowmeter and the second gas flowmeter. The invention judges whether the water guide channel exists in the dissolving cavity or not by comparing the air inflation quantity and the pressure relief quantity, thereby improving the judgment accuracy and shortening the discrimination time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a device and a method for distinguishing a water guide channel in a tunnel solution cavity.
Background
The karst cavity is the most common geological problem in the tunnel construction process of a karst development zone, and particularly the treatment of the karst cavity with a water guide channel existing in the surrounding rock mass is particularly troublesome. With the research and development and application of various geological detection devices, the discovery and the positioning of the karst cavity are very convenient, but only by accurately judging whether a water guide channel exists in the karst cavity, a proper treatment measure can be formulated, and the water leakage disease of the tunnel is avoided.
In the construction process, whether a water guide channel is contained is usually judged by judging whether water flows out of the dissolution cavity after drilling. The method is obviously influenced by the rainfall season of the area, and whether water flows out of the solution cavity can be observed only when the water quantity is sufficient in the rainy season in summer to judge whether a water guide channel exists in the solution cavity; there is no way to judge when there is no water, such as in dry season. If the judgment is inaccurate, the filling is carried out according to a common method, the tunnel leakage in the rainfall season is easily caused, and if the filling is carried out by adopting waterproof grouting materials, the operation is complicated, the construction time is long, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for identifying a water guide channel in a tunnel dissolving cavity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for identifying a water guide channel in a tunnel cavity, including:
the sealing unit comprises a horn-shaped joint, the horn-shaped joint is connected with the sliding barrel through the adjusting framework, and the sliding barrel is sleeved on the outer side of the inner insertion pipe; when the sliding barrel moves along the axial direction of the inner inserting tube, the horn-shaped joint can be contracted or expanded;
the inflation unit is used for inflating the dissolving cavity through the inner insertion tube and is provided with a first gas flowmeter;
the pressure relief unit comprises a pressure relief pipe extending into the dissolving cavity through the inner inserting pipe, and the pressure relief pipe is provided with a pressure relief valve and a second gas flowmeter; and under the condition that the pressure release valve is opened by gas, judging whether a water guide channel exists in the solution cavity or not by comparing the values of the first gas flowmeter and the second gas flowmeter.
As a further implementation mode, one end, far away from the sliding cylinder, of the horn-shaped joint is circumferentially provided with a sealing rubber bag.
As a further implementation mode, the adjusting framework comprises supporting rods arranged at intervals along the inner wall of the horn-shaped joint, and the supporting rods are connected with the sliding barrel through connecting rods; wherein, the connecting rod is respectively articulated with the supporting rod and the sliding barrel.
As a further implementation manner, a buckle screw is arranged on one side of the sliding barrel, and the sliding barrel and the inner insertion tube can be locked or unlocked through the buckle screw.
As a further implementation mode, an elastic cushion is fixed at one end of the inner inserting tube close to the trumpet-shaped joint.
As a further implementation mode, the inflation unit comprises a gas pipe and an inflator pump, one end of the gas pipe is connected with the inner insertion pipe, and the other end of the gas pipe is connected with the inflator pump.
As a further implementation mode, the first gas flow meter is arranged between the gas conveying pipe and the inflator pump.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for identifying a water guide channel in a tunnel dissolution cavity, where the identification apparatus includes:
the inner inserting tube extends into the dissolving cavity through the drill hole, and the sliding cylinder is pushed to enable the horn-shaped joint to be unfolded; screwing down the buckle screw to fix the sliding barrel and the inner inserting tube;
pulling the inner inserting pipe towards the outer side of the drill hole, enabling the sealing rubber bag to be broken under the extrusion action of the rock mass and the horn-shaped joint, enabling the sealing rubber to flow out, and enabling the contact position of the horn-shaped joint and the rock mass to form a closed state;
starting an inflator pump to rapidly inflate the solution cavity, and changing the inflator pump into constant inflation after the relief valve is opened;
and after the time is set, comparing whether the first gas flowmeter is consistent with the second gas flowmeter.
As a further implementation, after the inflator is started, if the relief valve cannot be opened all the time, a water guide channel exists in the solution cavity.
As a further implementation manner, after the constant inflation setting time, if the values of the first gas flowmeter and the second gas flowmeter are consistent, no water guide channel exists in the solution cavity; if the two are not consistent, a water guide channel exists in the dissolving cavity.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) one or more embodiments of the invention are provided with an inflation unit and a deflation unit, wherein the inflation unit comprises a first gas flowmeter, the deflation unit comprises a second gas flowmeter, and whether a water guide dissolution cavity exists in the dissolution cavity can be identified through the numerical values of the two gas flowmeters, so that the identification efficiency is improved;
(2) one or more embodiments of the invention are provided with a sealing unit, the sealing of the end positions of the drill hole and the inner insertion tube is realized through the expansion of the horn-shaped joint, and the influence of gas leakage on the detection precision is avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention according to one or more embodiments;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sealing unit according to one or more embodiments of the present invention extending into a fluid cavity;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a seal unit and pressure relief unit configuration according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a horn-shaped joint configuration according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an inflator according to one or more embodiments of the invention;
the device comprises an inflator pump 1, a control switch 2, a gas pipe 3, a first gas flowmeter 4, an inner insertion pipe 5, a sliding barrel 6, a buckle screw 7, a pressure relief pipe 8, a second gas flowmeter 9, a trumpet-shaped joint 10, an elastic cushion 11, a pressure relief valve 12, a sealing rubber bag 13, tunnel surrounding rock 14, a water guide channel-free solution cavity 15, a water guide channel-containing solution cavity 16, a water guide channel 17 and a support rod 18.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides a water guide channel distinguishing device in a tunnel dissolving cavity, which is used for judging whether a water guide channel 17 exists in the dissolving cavity, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of dissolving cavities 15 without water guide channels and dissolving cavities 16 with water guide channels are arranged in the tunnel; the distinguishing device comprises a sealing unit, an inflating unit and a pressure releasing unit, wherein the sealing unit is used for sealing a tunnel drilling hole, the inflating unit is used for inflating the dissolving cavity through the drilling hole, and the pressure releasing unit is used for releasing pressure of the dissolving cavity; whether a water guide channel 17 exists in the dissolving cavity can be judged through the states of the inflation unit and the pressure relief unit.
Further, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the sealing unit includes a trumpet-shaped joint 10, a sliding cylinder 6 and an inner insertion tube 5, the trumpet-shaped joint 10 is mounted at one end of the sliding cylinder 6 through an adjusting framework, and the sliding cylinder 6 is sleeved outside the inner insertion tube 5; when the push slide cylinder 6 moves to one end along the axial direction of the inner insertion tube 5, the trumpet-shaped joint 10 can be unfolded under the action of the adjusting framework, and when the push slide cylinder 6 moves to the other end along the axial direction of the inner insertion tube 5, the trumpet-shaped joint 10 can be contracted.
In this embodiment, the flared joint 10 is made of a flexible material, and its expanded state is in a horn shape; the maximum diameter of the sealing unit in the contracted state is smaller than that of the tunnel borehole, so that the sealing unit can smoothly enter the borehole.
In this embodiment, the adjustment frame is similar to an umbrella frame structure, and comprises a plurality of support rods 18 and connecting rods (not shown in fig. 4), wherein the support rods 18 are distributed along the inner wall of the horn-shaped joint 10 at intervals and in a divergent manner, and the support rods 18 and the horn-shaped joint 10 are fixedly connected.
One end of the connecting rod is hinged to a set position of the supporting rod 18, the position is determined according to the length of the supporting rod 18, and the horn-shaped joint 10 can be smoothly unfolded and contracted; the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the end part of the sliding cylinder 6. The connecting rod is pulled by the sliding cylinder 6, and the connecting rod drives the supporting rod 18 to adjust the state of the horn-shaped joint 10.
Furthermore, one end of the inner inserting tube 5 is provided with an elastic cushion 11, the elastic cushion 11 is in a ring structure, and the inner ring of the elastic cushion 11 is fixed with the inner inserting tube 5; the sealing performance of the inner intubation 5 and the sliding tube 6 is ensured by the elastic cushion 11 under the state that the trumpet-shaped joint 10 is opened. In this embodiment, the elastic pad 11 is made of rubber.
A buckle screw 7 is arranged on one side of the sliding barrel 6, the buckle screw 7 is unscrewed, and the sliding barrel 6 can move along the inner inserting tube 5; the fastening screw 7 is screwed down, and the sliding barrel 6 is fixed with the inner inserting tube 5.
In this embodiment, a sealing rubber bag 13 is circumferentially arranged at one end of the trumpet-shaped joint 10 away from the slide cylinder 6, and the sealing rubber bag 13 is filled with a sealant. The sealing rubber bag 13 is an elastic film, and the sealing rubber bag 13 can be broken under the extrusion action to enable the sealing rubber in the sealing rubber bag to flow out, so that the horn-shaped joint 10 is sealed with the rock mass.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the inflation unit includes an inflator 1 and a gas pipe 3, one end of the gas pipe 3 is connected to the inner insertion tube 5, and the other end is connected to the inflator 1. As shown in fig. 5, the inflator 1 has a control switch 2, and the inflator 1 is controlled to be turned on or off by the control switch 2. A first gas flow meter 4 is arranged between the inflator pump 1 and the gas transmission pipe 3, and the inflation quantity is displayed through the first gas flow meter 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the pressure relief unit includes a pressure relief tube 8 and a pressure relief valve 12, and the pressure relief tube 8 extends from the inner tube 5 side into the inner tube 5 and can extend into the solution chamber. And a pressure release valve 12 is arranged at one end of the pressure release pipe 8 extending into the dissolving cavity, and a second gas flowmeter 9 is arranged at one end positioned outside the inner inserting pipe 5.
The pressure relief valve 12 can be opened when the air pressure in the chamber reaches a certain value. And under the condition that the pressure relief valve 12 is filled with gas, judging whether a water guide channel 17 exists in the solution cavity or not by comparing the values of the first gas flowmeter 4 and the second gas flowmeter 12.
Example two:
the embodiment provides a method for distinguishing a water guide channel in a tunnel dissolving cavity, and the distinguishing device adopted in the first embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 1: cleaning the drilled hole exposing the solution cavity, connecting the inflator pump 1 with the inner insertion tube 5 through the gas delivery tube 3, and sticking the sealing rubber bag 13 on the periphery of the port of the horn-shaped joint 10.
Step 2: the inner insertion tube 5 is extended into the dissolving cavity through a drill hole, the sliding barrel 6 is pushed upwards to the port of the inner insertion tube 5 where the elastic pad 11 is installed, and the horn-shaped joint 10 is unfolded; the slide tube 6 and the inner tube 5 are fixed by tightening the snap screw 7.
And step 3: the inner inserting pipe 5 is pulled backwards (towards the outer side of a drilled hole), the horn-shaped joint 10 is tightly attached to a rock body, the sealing rubber bag 13 is broken under the action of extrusion force, sealing rubber flows out, the contact position of the horn-shaped joint 10 and the tunnel surrounding rock 14 is in a closed state, the circulation of the solution cavity and external air is isolated, and the initial state of the solution cavity is restored.
And 4, step 4: the inflator pump 1 is connected with a power supply, and the inflator pump 1 is started through the control switch 2, so that the inflator pump 1 can inflate rapidly.
And 5: if the pressure release valve 12 cannot be opened all the time after continuous inflation, which indicates that the air leakage of the solution cavity is greater than the inflation volume, a large water guide channel 17 exists in the solution cavity, and waterproof plugging materials and corresponding grouting process treatment are adopted.
If the air pressure in the solution cavity 15 rises, the pressure release valve 12 is squeezed to open for pressure release, and then the inflator 1 is adjusted by the control switch 2 to carry out constant inflation. And (3) discharging the gas in the dissolved cavity through a pressure relief pipe 8, and comparing whether the numerical values of the first gas flowmeter 4 and the second gas flowmeter 9 are consistent or not after setting time.
If the two materials are consistent, the water guide channel 17 does not exist in the dissolving cavity, and the dissolving cavity can be filled according to the common process and materials; if the water is inconsistent, the water guide channel 17 exists in the solution cavity, and a waterproof plugging material and a corresponding grouting process are adopted for treatment.
The embodiment solves the construction problem that whether the water guide channel is contained in the solution cavity can only be judged by experience blindly in the prior art, can finish the judgment of the water conductivity of the solution cavity in a very short time with low cost, and provides important reference for the water leakage prevention and control construction of tunnel engineering.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a device is discerned to water guide channel in tunnel solution chamber which characterized in that includes:
the sealing unit comprises a horn-shaped joint, the horn-shaped joint is connected with the sliding barrel through the adjusting framework, and the sliding barrel is sleeved on the outer side of the inner insertion pipe; when the sliding barrel moves along the axial direction of the inner inserting tube, the horn-shaped joint can be contracted or expanded;
the inflation unit is used for inflating the dissolving cavity through the inner insertion tube and is provided with a first gas flowmeter;
the pressure relief unit comprises a pressure relief pipe extending into the dissolving cavity through the inner inserting pipe, and the pressure relief pipe is provided with a pressure relief valve and a second gas flowmeter; and under the condition that the pressure release valve is opened by gas, judging whether a water guide channel exists in the solution cavity or not by comparing the values of the first gas flowmeter and the second gas flowmeter.
2. The device for identifying the water guide channel in the tunnel molten cavity according to claim 1, wherein a sealing rubber bag is circumferentially arranged at one end of the trumpet-shaped joint far away from the sliding cylinder.
3. The device for distinguishing the water guide channel in the tunnel molten cavity according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting framework comprises support rods arranged at intervals along the inner wall of the trumpet-shaped joint, and the support rods are connected with the sliding barrel through connecting rods; wherein, the connecting rod is respectively articulated with the supporting rod and the sliding barrel.
4. The device for identifying the water guide channel in the tunnel molten cavity according to claim 1, wherein a snap screw is arranged on one side of the sliding barrel, and the sliding barrel and the inner insertion tube can be locked or unlocked through the snap screw.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein an elastic pad is fixed to an end of the inner tube near the trumpet-shaped joint.
6. The device for identifying the water guide channel in the tunnel cavity according to claim 1, wherein the inflation unit comprises a gas pipe and an inflator pump, one end of the gas pipe is connected with the inner insertion pipe, and the other end of the gas pipe is connected with the inflator pump.
7. The device for identifying the water guide channel in the tunnel solution cavity as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first gas flow meter is installed between the gas pipe and the inflator pump.
8. A method for identifying a water guide channel in a tunnel molten cavity, which adopts the identification device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, and comprises the following steps:
the inner inserting tube extends into the dissolving cavity through the drill hole, and the sliding cylinder is pushed to enable the horn-shaped joint to be unfolded; screwing down the buckle screw to fix the sliding barrel and the inner inserting tube;
pulling the inner inserting pipe towards the outer side of the drill hole, enabling the sealing rubber bag to be broken under the extrusion action of the rock mass and the horn-shaped joint, enabling the sealing rubber to flow out, and enabling the contact position of the horn-shaped joint and the rock mass to form a closed state;
starting an inflator pump to rapidly inflate the solution cavity, and changing the inflator pump into constant inflation after the relief valve is opened;
and after the time is set, comparing whether the first gas flowmeter is consistent with the second gas flowmeter.
9. The method for identifying the water guide channel in the tunnel solution cavity according to claim 8, wherein after the inflator is started, if the pressure release valve cannot be opened all the time, the water guide channel exists in the solution cavity.
10. The method for identifying the water guide channel in the tunnel solution cavity according to claim 8, wherein after the set time of constant inflation, if the values of the first gas flowmeter and the second gas flowmeter are consistent, the water guide channel does not exist in the solution cavity; if the two are not consistent, a water guide channel exists in the dissolving cavity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110659904.5A CN113431629B (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | Device and method for distinguishing water guide channel in tunnel solution cavity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110659904.5A CN113431629B (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | Device and method for distinguishing water guide channel in tunnel solution cavity |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113431629A true CN113431629A (en) | 2021-09-24 |
| CN113431629B CN113431629B (en) | 2022-05-03 |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102094678A (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-15 | 张旭东 | Method for identifying water-bursting risks in karst tunnels |
| CN102996179A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-03-27 | 安徽理工大学 | Detection method of air leakage of roof of coal seam |
| CN103306701A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-18 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Automatic control pressure-equalizing fire preventing and extinguishing system in large area |
| CN103822765A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-28 | 上海诺地乐通用设备制造有限公司 | Device for detecting air leakage rate of large-scale ventilating device |
| CN106437843A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 大连理工大学 | Coal mine bottom plate water guiding channel identification method based on micro-seismic monitoring |
| CN109488386A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-03-19 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of judgement coal mine gob group's fire dam air leakage source, the device and method that converges |
| CN112147671A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-29 | 四川振通公路工程检测咨询有限公司 | Comprehensive advanced forecasting method for geological structure containing poor water diversion of tunnel |
-
2021
- 2021-06-11 CN CN202110659904.5A patent/CN113431629B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102094678A (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-15 | 张旭东 | Method for identifying water-bursting risks in karst tunnels |
| CN102996179A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-03-27 | 安徽理工大学 | Detection method of air leakage of roof of coal seam |
| CN103306701A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-18 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Automatic control pressure-equalizing fire preventing and extinguishing system in large area |
| CN103822765A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-28 | 上海诺地乐通用设备制造有限公司 | Device for detecting air leakage rate of large-scale ventilating device |
| CN106437843A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 大连理工大学 | Coal mine bottom plate water guiding channel identification method based on micro-seismic monitoring |
| CN109488386A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-03-19 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of judgement coal mine gob group's fire dam air leakage source, the device and method that converges |
| CN112147671A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-29 | 四川振通公路工程检测咨询有限公司 | Comprehensive advanced forecasting method for geological structure containing poor water diversion of tunnel |
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