CN113431264A - 太阳能集热复合板及建筑一体化风热太阳能系统 - Google Patents

太阳能集热复合板及建筑一体化风热太阳能系统 Download PDF

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CN113431264A
CN113431264A CN202110853775.3A CN202110853775A CN113431264A CN 113431264 A CN113431264 A CN 113431264A CN 202110853775 A CN202110853775 A CN 202110853775A CN 113431264 A CN113431264 A CN 113431264A
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CN113431264B (zh
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何士玉
何庆鑫
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Rizhao Huide Iot Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种太阳能集热复合板及建筑一体化风热太阳能系统。太阳能集热复合板包括金属底板和金属顶板，金属底板与金属顶板的周边通过封板密封连接，金属底板和金属顶板之间夹设防火保温板，且金属顶板与防火保温板之间形成有集热风道，封板上设有与集热风道连通的进风口和出风口；金属顶板的外表面喷涂有集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层。本复合板采用集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层，实现集热层和保温层完美结合成型，具有成本低、性能好、装饰性强、防腐保温耐候性好等优点。通过该一体成型结构涂层实现复合板的空气加热、保温、耐候等性能，无需采用复杂板体结构，结构设计相对简单，便于实现空气加热系统与建筑的一体化设计。

Description

太阳能集热复合板及建筑一体化风热太阳能系统
技术领域
本发明属于节能建筑技术领域，具体涉及一种太阳能集热复合板及建筑一体化风热太阳能系统。
背景技术
在太阳能新能源行业里，传统的太阳能是利用真空玻璃管进行能量转化成热水的，设备繁琐，且极易损坏，尤其是在建筑方面，所采用的绝大多是分体式结构，因建筑物面积存在局限性，所利用的面积及其有限，不能解决大量供热水或供暖。
传统的太阳能使用的是真空玻璃管，投资大，而且产生的热量一般在95℃，只能进行简单的小范围水加热，尤其是在水质差的地方，极易产生水垢，造成太阳能利用率降低。另一方面，分体式太阳能结构不但影响建筑美观，且在传导过程中，能量损耗大，与建筑分体结构，也会导致多次施工，使投入增大，尤其是传统太阳能，虽然简便，但是受热面积小，只能满足热水的小需量的需求，能量转化低。而且传统太阳能属于水加热，若房屋上大面积使用，会直接增加屋面承重，间接存在安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种便于实现与建筑一体化、从而最大化利用建筑面积提高供暖基数、摆脱传统太阳能供暖工艺只能依靠有形介质进行转换的太阳能集热复合板。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：太阳能集热复合板，包括金属底板和金属顶板，所述金属底板与金属顶板的周边通过封板密封连接，所述金属底板和金属顶板之间夹设防火保温板，且所述金属顶板与所述防火保温板之间形成有集热风道，所述封板上设有与所述集热风道连通的进风口和出风口；所述金属顶板的外表面喷涂有集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层；
所述集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层由如下质量份数的组分制成：带羟基的丙烯酸树脂改性硅氧烷低聚物1～3份、酞菁绿3～6份、铁铜复合氧化物3～6份、丙烯酸树脂3～7份、复合溶剂8～12份、塑料粉末60～80份和膨化剂4～7份。
其中：所述集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层的成型方法步骤如下：
S1、按照配方制成粉末涂料；
S2、采用静电喷涂法将制备的粉末涂料均匀喷涂于所述金属顶板的外表面；
S3、将喷涂涂料后的金属顶板加热烘干，加热过程中塑料粉末和膨化剂会融化上浮到涂层上层形成喷塑发泡保温层，集热涂层材质会下沉吸附到金属顶板上，从而实现集热层与发泡保温层完美结合成型。
作为优选的技术方案，所述复合溶剂由乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和二甲苯组成。
作为优选的技术方案，所述复合溶剂中乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和二甲苯的质量比为1:1～1.5:2～3。
作为优选的技术方案，所述集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层的厚度不超过1mm。
作为优选的技术方案，所述金属底板和金属顶板均为电镀钢板。
作为优选的技术方案，所述金属顶板挤压成型加工有多个弧形辐照面。
本发明还提供了建筑一体化风热太阳能系统，包括若干作为建筑外墙的复合板，所述复合板采用如上所述的太阳能集热复合板；各所述太阳能集热复合板的进风口通过集风进管连通，各所述太阳能集热复合板的出风口通过集风出管连通，所述集风进管与所述集风出管之间设置有循环风管，所述循环风管上安装有双向风机和承压式风水换热水箱。
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本太阳能集热复合板采用集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层，该涂层中塑料粉末和膨化剂成型过程中会融化上浮到涂层上面，形成喷塑发泡保温层，集热涂层材质会下沉吸附到金属钢板上，从而实现集热层和保温层完美结合成型，喷塑发泡保温层可有效保证复合板作为外墙使用时的耐腐蚀性、耐候性和保温性，集热涂层的太阳吸收比为0.94～0.96，发射率比为0.37～0.39。该集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层具有成本低、性能好、装饰性强、防腐保温耐候性好等优点。通过该一体成型结构涂层实现太阳能集热复合板的空气加热、保温、耐候等性能，太阳能集热复合板无需采用复杂板体结构，结构设计相对简单，便于实现空气加热系统与建筑的一体化设计。
(2)本太阳能集热复合板应用场景广泛，工作原理为闭路循环运行，通过集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层收集太阳能进行空气加热，当集热复合板对空气加热到预定温度后，由风机为动力源把热风送到需要的位置，由于是闭路循环，所以在一次循环过后，其加热后的空气仍然高于外界空气，随着日照时间不断延长，最高可对闭路循环的空气加热到150℃，由于是空气加热，不会产生任何污染，摆脱了太阳能转化只能依靠有形介质进行转换的传统供暖工艺。因为摆脱了有形介质的限制，减少了屋面的承重，达到与建筑一体化，只要是建筑用到复合板的地方都可利用，本系统全金属结构，相对于传统真空玻璃管，使用性能和寿命大大提高和延长。由于与建筑一体化设计，所产生的供暖或加热的基数变高，尤其是针对一些大型厂房的供热供暖会有极其显著的效果。
(3)本太阳能集热复合板可以直接作为传统复合板的升级替代产品，可以最大化利用建筑面积，充分利用建筑与太阳能一体化，使建筑整体美观，提高太阳能利用率，实现大面积供暖供热水，这是传统的分体太阳能达不到的；还能解决在恶劣天气下，分体太阳能的安全隐患问题。
(4)本太阳能集热复合板结构简单，装配方便，造价低，有利于推广，甚至可以替代传统复合板屋面，能够大大减少投资和施工成本。
附图说明
以下附图仅旨在于对本发明做示意性说明和解释，并不限定本发明的范围。其中：
图1是本发明实施例中太阳能集热复合板的结构示意图；
图2是图1中A-A向的剖面结构示意图；
图3是图2中I处的局部放大图；
图4是本发明实施例中建筑一体化风热太阳能系统的结构原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，进一步阐述本发明。在下面的详细描述中，只通过说明的方式描述了本发明的某些示范性实施例。毋庸置疑，本领域的普通技术人员可以认识到，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以用各种不同的方式对所描述的实施例进行修正。因此，附图和描述在本质上是说明性的，而不是用于限制权利要求的保护范围。
实施例1
如图1至图3所示，太阳能集热复合板，包括金属底板1和金属顶板2，所述金属底板1和金属顶板2优选采用电镀钢板；所述金属底板1与金属顶板2的周边通过封板3密封连接，所述金属底板1和金属顶板2之间夹设防火保温板4，且所述金属顶板2与所述防火保温板4之间形成有集热风道5，所述封板3上设有与所述集热风道5连通的进风口6和出风口7；所述金属顶板2的外表面喷涂有集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层8；本实施例中，所述金属顶板2挤压成型加工有多个弧形辐照面，一方面充分提高板体集热辐射面积，提高转化率，另一方面挤压成型后的金属顶板本身可与防火保温板4直接形成若干所述集热风道5，无复杂内腔结构，方便复合板的加工制作、降低制造成本。
其中，所述集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层8采用带羟基的丙烯酸树脂改性硅氧烷低聚物2份作粘结剂、采用酞菁绿3份和铁铜复合氧化物5份为颜料、以丙烯酸树脂5份为粘合剂、以乙酸乙酯2份、乙酸丁酯3份、二甲苯6份为复合溶剂、以透明塑料粉末(PE粉末)69份和膨化剂5份按照比例配方制成粉末涂料，采用气体均化、静电喷涂法将制备的粉末涂料均匀喷涂于所述金属顶板2的外表面。涂料配方中通过采用乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、二甲苯组成的复合溶剂并同时采用膨化剂，喷涂涂料在加热烘干过程中，参考图3，塑料粉末和膨化剂会融化上浮到涂层上层而形成喷塑发泡保温层81，集热涂层82材质会下沉吸附到金属顶板2上，从而实现集热层与发泡保温层完美结合成型；
喷塑发泡保温层81可有效保证复合板作为外墙使用时的耐腐蚀性、耐候性和保温性，集热涂层82可以提高太阳能吸收比，将太阳能转化为热能。喷塑发泡保温层81与集热涂层82在喷涂后一体成型，具有成本低、性能好、装饰性强、防腐保温耐候性好等优点。通过该一体成型结构涂层实现太阳能集热复合板的空气加热、保温、耐候等性能，太阳能集热复合板无需采用复杂板体结构，结构设计相对简单，便于实现空气加热系统与建筑的一体化设计。
所述集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层8的厚度以不超过1mm为宜。
本太阳能集热复合板应用场景广泛，可以直接作为传统复合板的升级替代产品。参考图4，建筑一体化风热太阳能系统，包括若干作为建筑外墙的太阳能集热复合板，各所述太阳能集热复合板的进风口通过集风进管9连通，各所述太阳能集热复合板的出风口通过集风出管10连通，所述集风进管9与所述集风出管10之间设置有循环风管11，所述循环风管11上安装有双向风机12和承压式风水换热水箱13。
本系统工作原理为闭路循环运行，通过复合板外表面的集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层收集太阳能进行空气加热，当集热复合板对空气加热到预定温度后，由风机为动力源把热风送到需要的位置，由于是闭路循环，所以在一次循环过后，其加热后的空气仍然高于外界空气，随着日照时间不断延长，最高可对闭路循环的空气加热到150℃，由于是空气加热，不会产生任何污染，摆脱了太阳能转化只能依靠有形介质进行转换的传统供暖工艺。因为摆脱了有形介质的限制，减少了屋面的承重，达到与建筑一体化，只要是建筑用到复合板的地方都可利用，本系统全金属结构，相对于传统真空玻璃管，使用性能和寿命大大提高和延长。由于与建筑一体化设计，所产生的供暖或加热的基数变高，尤其是针对一些大型厂房的供热供暖会有极其显著的效果。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例一结构原理相同，其唯一区别在于所述集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层由如下质量份数的组分制成：带羟基的丙烯酸树脂改性硅氧烷低聚物3份、酞菁绿3份、铁铜复合氧化物6份、丙烯酸树脂6份、乙酸乙酯2份、乙酸丁酯2份、二甲苯5份、塑料粉末62份和膨化剂5份。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例一结构原理相同，其唯一区别在于所述集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层由如下质量份数的组分制成：带羟基的丙烯酸树脂改性硅氧烷低聚物1.5份、酞菁绿6份、铁铜复合氧化物4份、丙烯酸树脂7份、乙酸乙酯3份、乙酸丁酯3份、二甲苯6份、塑料粉末78份和膨化剂7份。
实施例1、实施例2、实施例3制备的复合板的集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层的技术指标如下：
Figure BDA0003183343800000061
本太阳能集热复合板可以最大化利用建筑面积，充分利用建筑与太阳能一体化，使建筑整体美观，提高太阳能利用率，实现大面积供暖供热水，这是传统的分体太阳能达不到的；还能解决在恶劣天气下，分体太阳能的安全隐患问题。
本太阳能集热复合板采用集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层实现集热、保温、耐候等性能，结构简单，装配方便，造价低，有利于推广，甚至可以替代传统复合板屋面，能够大大减少投资和施工成本。
以上所述仅为本发明示意性的具体实施方式，并非用以限定本发明的范围。任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作出的等同变化与修改，均应属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (8)

1.太阳能集热复合板，其特征在于：包括金属底板和金属顶板，所述金属底板与金属顶板的周边通过封板密封连接，所述金属底板和金属顶板之间夹设防火保温板，且所述金属顶板与所述防火保温板之间形成有集热风道，所述封板上设有与所述集热风道连通的进风口和出风口；所述金属顶板的外表面喷涂有集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层；
所述集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层由如下质量份数的组分制成：带羟基的丙烯酸树脂改性硅氧烷低聚物1～3份、酞菁绿3～6份、铁铜复合氧化物3～6份、丙烯酸树脂3～7份、复合溶剂8～12份、塑料粉末60～80份和膨化剂4～7份。
2.如权利要求1所述的太阳能集热复合板，其特征在于：所述集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层的成型方法步骤如下：
S1、按照配方制成粉末涂料；
S2、采用静电喷涂法将制备的粉末涂料均匀喷涂于所述金属顶板的外表面；
S3、将喷涂涂料后的金属顶板加热烘干，加热过程中塑料粉末和膨化剂会融化上浮到涂层上层形成喷塑发泡保温层，集热涂层材质会下沉吸附到金属顶板上，从而实现集热层与发泡保温层完美结合成型。
3.如权利要求1所述的太阳能集热复合板，其特征在于：所述复合溶剂由乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和二甲苯组成。
4.如权利要求3所述的太阳能集热复合板，其特征在于：所述复合溶剂中乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和二甲苯的质量比为1:1～1.5:2～3。
5.如权利要求1所述的太阳能集热复合板，其特征在于：所述集热与发泡保温一体成型结构涂层的厚度不超过1mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的太阳能集热复合板，其特征在于：所述金属底板和金属顶板均为电镀钢板。
7.如权利要求6所述的太阳能集热复合板，其特征在于：所述金属顶板挤压成型加工有多个弧形辐照面。
8.建筑一体化风热太阳能系统，包括若干作为建筑外墙的复合板，其特征在于：所述复合板采用如权利要求1至7任一项所述的太阳能集热复合板；各所述太阳能集热复合板的进风口通过集风进管连通，各所述太阳能集热复合板的出风口通过集风出管连通，所述集风进管与所述集风出管之间设置有循环风管，所述循环风管上安装有双向风机和承压式风水换热水箱。
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