CN113430692A - 一种各向异性加捻纤维束及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种各向异性加捻纤维束及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN113430692A
CN113430692A CN202110637061.9A CN202110637061A CN113430692A CN 113430692 A CN113430692 A CN 113430692A CN 202110637061 A CN202110637061 A CN 202110637061A CN 113430692 A CN113430692 A CN 113430692A
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郭凤云
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Abstract

本发明提供一种各向异性加捻纤维束及其制备方法和应用，所述方法包括以下步骤：采用顺时针加捻法对湿法纺丝或静电纺丝得到的初始单根纤维进行初级加捻，得到初级加捻纤维束；采用多股得到的初级加捻纤维束，进行二次加捻，得到各向异性加捻纤维束。本发明提供的各向异性加捻纤维束可实现多种材料的复合和多种功能的集成，具有结构和性能各向异性及较高的强度和柔性，且纤维的尺寸可控，可任意弯曲和编织，在储能器件和各向异性液体输运领域具有广泛的应用。

Description

一种各向异性加捻纤维束及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于纳米技术领域中制备各向异性加捻纤维束技术领域，具体涉及一种各向异性加捻纤维束及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
与传统的平面结构材料相比，纤维状材料具有多级多尺度结构，质量更轻、柔性更好、易于编织和集成性好等优点，可实现大规模生产，因此越来越受到人们的关注，尤其体现在利用加捻法制备螺旋状纤维束做储能器件和各向异性液体输运方面。如彭慧胜等人利用三股纤维加捻做了高能量和功率密度的碳纳米管基超级电容器和锂离子电池储能器件。(参考文献1：Zhang,Y.；Zhao,Y.；Cheng,X.；Weng,W.；Ren,J.；Fang,X.；Jiang,Y.；Chen,P.；Zhang,Z.；Wang,Y.；Peng,H.Realizing both high energy and power densities bytwisting three carbon nanotube-based hybrid fibers.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2015,54,11177；参考文献2：Chen,T.；Qiu,L.；Yang,Z.；Cai,Z.；Ren,J.；Li,H.；Lin,H.；Sun,X.；Peng,H.An integrated energy wire for both photoelectric conversion and energystorage.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2012,51,11977.)。微观尺度上，形貌结构和材料组成的变化会直接影响整体材料的功能。螺旋具有一定的手性，当给予初级加捻与二级加捻不同的排列组合时便会产生各向异性结构，从而导致材料最终性能的各向异性。(参考文献3：Goriely A,Tabor M.Spontaneous helix hand reversal and tendril perversion inclimbing plants.Physical Review Letters,1998,80,1564.)但这种具有不同手性及各向异性的材料，其结构、力学及电性能的研究几乎很少报道。
发明内容
本发明针对上述缺陷，提供一种各向异性加捻纤维束及其制备方法和应用，所述的各向异性加捻纤维束可实现多种材料的复合和多种功能的集成，具有结构和性能各向异性及较高的强度和柔性，且纤维的尺寸可控，可任意弯曲和编织，在储能器件和各向异性液体输运领域具有广泛的应用。
本发明提供如下技术方案：一种各向异性加捻纤维束的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)采用顺时针加捻法对湿法纺丝或静电纺丝得到的初始单根纤维进行初级加捻，得到初级加捻纤维束；
2)采用多股所述步骤1)得到的初级加捻纤维束，进行顺时针二次加捻，得到多股L型加捻纤维束；
3)：对所述步骤2)得到的多股L型加捻纤维束进行逆时针二次加捻，得到多股R型加捻纤维束，即得到二次加捻纤维束；顺-反加捻后可实现力学增强；
4)在所述步骤3)的二次加捻过程中添加导电材料，形成所述各项异性加捻纤维束。
进一步地，所述步骤2)中所采用的初级加捻纤维束为2股-3股。
进一步地，在加捻过程中通过滴涂法添加导电材料，所述导电材料为银纳米线、镍、氧化石墨烯、PANI、PPy、PEDOT:PSS、CNT、MoS2、MnO2中的一种或多种。
进一步地，在二次加捻时添加电解液PVA/H3PO4，经过还原及后处理，即可得到能够储存电荷的所述各项异性加捻纤维束，添加导电材料的方法为浸涂、喷涂、旋涂、电沉积、层层组装中的一种。
进一步地，所述步骤1)中采用的所述初始单根纤维直径为100nm-2mm。
进一步地，所述初始单根纤维为棉线、聚(偏二氟乙烯-co-六氟丙烯)PVDF-HFP、聚乙烯醇PVA、纤维素、聚丙烯腈PAN、聚氨酯PU、蚕丝纤维、碳纤维中的一种或两种组合。
进一步地，所述步骤1)得到的初级加捻纤维束直径为100μm-2000μm。
本发明还提供采用上述方法制备得到的各向异性加捻纤维束，所述各向异性加捻纤维束的力学曲线断裂模式为平滑型和锯齿状多级断裂。
本发明还提供上述各向异性加捻纤维束的应用，所述各向异性加捻纤维束能够作为储能器件或用于各向异性液体运输。
进一步地，所述各向异性液体输运为集水、集雾、液体吸附扩散中的一种。
本发明的有益效果为：
1、本发明提供的制备方法所得的各向异性加捻纤维束，可实现多种材料的复合和多种功能的集成。该纤维束轻质、纤维尺寸可控，可编织且具有优异的力学性能，具有结构和力学的各向异性。本方法适用性强，可用于多种材料的制备与加工，可实现大规模大批量生产。
2、本发明提供的制备方法所得的各向异性加捻纤维束，通过结构的手性设计，实现了同种材料各向异性的性能。
3、本发明提供的制备方法与现有的方法相比，本发明方法适用性强，能够实现大规模的制备。
4、本发明提供的制备方法所得的各向异性加捻纤维束，其力学曲线断裂模式为平滑型和锯齿状多级断裂，具有良好的强度和韧性。
附图说明
在下文中将基于实施例并参考附图来对本发明进行更详细的描述。其中：
图1为本发明提供的制备方法制备得到的双股加捻纤维束的电镜图；
图2为本发明提供的两股加捻纤维束各向异性力学性能曲线；
图3为本发明提供的各向异性加捻纤维束作为电容器的结构示意图；
图4为本发明提供的各向异性加捻纤维束用于各向异性液体运输的示意图。
具体实施例方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
利用静电纺丝制备PVDF纤维膜，通过顺时针加捻法获得初级加捻纤维束，单根纤维的直径为100nm，初级加捻纤维束的直径为100μm。把2股初级加捻的纤维束进行顺时针二次加捻，得到双股L型加捻纤维束；把2股初级加捻的纤维束进行逆时针二次加捻，得到双股R型加捻纤维束。在加捻过程中通过滴涂法添加材料GO，在二次加捻时添加电解液PVA/H3PO4，经过还原及后处理，即可得到柔性电容器器件。把获得的各向异性纤维束进行力学性能表征，发现R型结构纤维束其力学强度大于对应的L型纤维束。力学断裂模式为平滑断裂。且二者的电容性能呈现出明显的各向异性。
实施例2
利用商用的棉线，通过顺时针加捻法获得初级加捻纤维束，初级纤维束的直径为2mm。把3股初级加捻的纤维束进行顺时针二次加捻，得到三股L型加捻纤维束；把3股初级加捻的纤维束进行逆时针二次加捻，得到三股R型加捻纤维束。在加捻过程中沉积Ni和GO，，即可得到电池器件。把获得的各向异性纤维束进行力学性能表征，发现R型结构纤维束其力学强度大于对应的L型纤维束。力学断裂模式为多级锯齿状断裂。且二者的电性能呈现出明显的各向异性。
实施例3
利用湿纺的碳纤维，通过顺时针加捻法获得初级加捻纤维束，单根纤维的直径为500nm，初级加捻纤维束的直径为500μm。把2股初级加捻的纤维束进行顺时针二次加捻，得到双股L型加捻纤维束；把2股初级加捻的纤维束进行逆时针二次加捻，得到双股R型加捻纤维束。在加捻过程中沉积PPy，在二次加捻时添加电解液PVA/H3PO4，即可得到电容器器件。把获得的各向异性纤维束进行力学性能表征，发现R型结构纤维束其力学强度大于对应的L型纤维束。力学断裂模式为平滑断裂。且二者的电容性能呈现出明显的各向异性。
实施例4
利用商用的棉线，通过顺时针加捻法获得初级加捻纤维束，单根纤维的直径为2μm，初级加捻纤维束的直径为200μm。把2股初级加捻的纤维束进行顺时针二次加捻，得到双股L型加捻纤维束；把2股初级加捻的纤维束进行逆时针二次加捻，得到双股R型加捻纤维束。在加捻过程中沉积PPy和GO，即可得到作为电容器器件的能够储存电荷的各向异性加捻纤维束。把获得的各向异性纤维束进行力学性能表征，发现R型结构纤维束其力学强度大于对应的L型纤维束。力学断裂模式为多级锯齿状断裂。且二者的电容性能呈现出明显的各向异性。
实施例5
利用静电纺丝法制备顺时针单组份纤维素和聚(偏二氟乙烯-co-六氟丙烯)纤维束，单根纤维的直径为1μm，初级加捻纤维束的直径为200μm。把2股初级加捻的纤维束进行顺时针二次加捻，得到双股L型加捻纤维束；把2股初级加捻的纤维束进行逆时针二次加捻，得到双股R型加捻纤维束。把获得的各向异性纤维束进行力学性能表征，发现R型结构纤维束其力学强度大于对应的L型纤维束。力学断裂模式为多级锯齿状断裂。如图4所示，将纤维置于85％RH湿度的封闭环境下，观察液体在纤维上的输运状态，发现纤维可以逐渐聚集小液滴，直至变大掉落。
以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
此外，本领域的技术人员能够理解，尽管在此的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征，但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本发明的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如，在上面的权利要求书中，所要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在加深对本发明的总体背景技术的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。

Claims (10)

1.一种各向异性加捻纤维束的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)采用顺时针加捻法对湿法纺丝或静电纺丝得到的初始单根纤维进行初级加捻，得到初级加捻纤维束；
2)采用多股所述步骤1)得到的初级加捻纤维束，进行顺时针二次加捻，得到多股L型加捻纤维束；
3)：对所述步骤2)得到的多股L型加捻纤维束进行逆时针二次加捻，得到多股R型加捻纤维束，即得到二次加捻纤维束；
4)在所述步骤3)的二次加捻过程中添加导电材料，形成所述各项异性加捻纤维束。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种各向异性加捻纤维束的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)中所采用的初级加捻纤维束为2股-3股。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种各向异性加捻纤维束的制备方法，其特征在于，在加捻过程中通过滴涂法添加导电材料，所述导电材料为银纳米线、镍、氧化石墨烯、PANI、PPy、PEDOT:PSS、CNT、MoS2、MnO2中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种各向异性加捻纤维束的制备方法，其特征在于，在二次加捻时添加电解液PVA/H3PO4，经过还原及后处理，即可得到能够储存电荷的所述各项异性加捻纤维束，添加导电材料的方法为浸涂、喷涂、旋涂、电沉积、层层组装中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种各向异性加捻纤维束的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1)中采用的所述初始单根纤维直径为100nm-2mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种各向异性加捻纤维束的制备方法，其特征在于，所述初始单根纤维为棉线、聚(偏二氟乙烯-co-六氟丙烯)PVDF-HFP、聚乙烯醇PVA、纤维素、聚丙烯腈PAN、聚氨酯PU、蚕丝纤维、碳纤维中的一种或两种组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种各向异性加捻纤维束的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1)得到的初级加捻纤维束直径为100μm-2000μm。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一所述的方法制备得到的各向异性加捻纤维束，其特征在于，所述各向异性加捻纤维束的力学曲线断裂模式为平滑型和锯齿状多级断裂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的各向异性加捻纤维束的应用，其特征在于，所述各向异性加捻纤维束能够作为储能器件或用于各向异性液体运输。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用，其特征在于，所述各向异性液体输运为集水、集雾、液体吸附扩散中的一种。
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