CN113430582B - Metal ceramic inert anode with gradient net-shaped metal phase structure and connecting method of metal ceramic inert anode and metal conducting rod - Google Patents

Metal ceramic inert anode with gradient net-shaped metal phase structure and connecting method of metal ceramic inert anode and metal conducting rod Download PDF

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CN113430582B
CN113430582B CN202110569906.5A CN202110569906A CN113430582B CN 113430582 B CN113430582 B CN 113430582B CN 202110569906 A CN202110569906 A CN 202110569906A CN 113430582 B CN113430582 B CN 113430582B
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electrode layer
anode
inert anode
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CN113430582A (en
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席锦会
葛鹏
侯鹏
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Western Metal Material Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/12—Anodes
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    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract

The invention provides a metal ceramic inert anode with a gradient net-shaped metal phase structure and a connecting method of the metal ceramic inert anode and a metal conducting rod, belonging to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis. The inert anode provided by the invention comprises a central anode (1), and a first electrode layer (2), a second electrode layer (3) and a third electrode layer (4) which wrap the central anode (1) in sequence. The invention is NiO-NiFe2O4The addition of metal phase Cu and/or Ni into the metal ceramic inert anode can improve the property difference between the inert anode and the metal conducting rod (6) and promote the element diffusion during welding. In the invention, the mass percentage of the metal phase in the central anode (1), the first electrode layer (2), the second electrode layer (3) and the third electrode layer (4) is gradually reduced, so that the metal phase is in a gradient net structure, an enough expansion space can be provided for the metal conducting rod (6) and the anode, and the damage of the anode caused by the thermal expansion of the metal conducting rod (6) is avoided.

Description

Metal ceramic inert anode with gradient net-shaped metal phase structure and connecting method of metal ceramic inert anode and metal conducting rod
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, in particular to a metal ceramic inert anode with a gradient net-shaped metal phase structure and a connecting method of the metal ceramic inert anode and a metal conducting rod.
Background
The traditional Hall-Heroult aluminum electrolysis cell has the problems of large carbon consumption and serious environmental pollution due to the adoption of a consumption type carbon anode, and is gradually eliminated by industrial production. Inert anodes avoid carbon consumption and have become a trend in the development of modern aluminum electrolysis.
NiO-NiFe2O4Inert anode of base cermet with NiFe2O4The ceramic phase has the advantages of good high-temperature chemical stability, strong molten salt corrosion resistance, good electrical conductivity and thermal shock resistance of the metal phase and the like, and is considered to be the inert anode material for aluminum electrolysis with the most application prospect.
When the inert anode is used for electrolysis, one end of the inert anode material is connected with the metal conducting rod, the other end of the inert anode material is immersed in the high-temperature cryolite molten salt, and direct current is led out through an anode bus and is conducted with the inert anode through a lead and the anode conducting rod; therefore, the joint of the inert anode and the metal conducting rod has good high-temperature strength, can stably suspend the anode for a long time, and can stably work in the high-temperature environment of corrosive gases such as oxygen, fluoride and the like; during electrolysis, the anode needs to pass a certain direct current intensity, the electrical conductivity of the joint of the anode and the metal conducting rod is good, otherwise, the voltage drop of the anode is increased, and the energy consumption is increased. Therefore, the stable and effective connection of the inert anode and the metal conducting rod is a key technology for the engineering application of the aluminum electrolysis inert anode.
However, NiO-NiFe2O4The inert anode of base cermet and the metal conducting rod have great material property difference, difficult mutual diffusion of elements, great difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of ceramic and metal, great thermal stress at the joint and easy crack generation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a cermet inert anode with a gradient network metal phase structure and a method for connecting the cermet inert anode with a metal conducting rod. The cermet inert anode with the gradient reticular metal phase structure can avoid the damage of the anode caused by the expansion of the metal conducting rod due to heating.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a cermet inert anode with a gradient reticular metal phase structure, which comprises a central anode 1, and a first electrode layer 2, a second electrode layer 3 and a third electrode layer 4 which wrap the central anode 1 and are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the material of the central anode 1 is 45-60 wt% of Me-10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4The first electrode layer 2 is made of 25-35 wt% of Me-10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4The second electrode layer 3 is made of 15-20 wt% of Me-10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4The third electrode layer 4 is made of 10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4Me is Cu and/or Ni;
a truncated cone-shaped blind hole 5 is formed in the surface of one side of the cermet inert anode with the gradient reticular metal phase structure, and the diameter of the cross section of the outermost end of the blind hole 5 is larger than that of the cross section of the innermost end;
the blind hole 5 penetrates through the first electrode layer 2, the second electrode layer 3 and the third electrode layer 4 and exposes the central anode 1.
Preferably, the thicknesses of the first electrode layer 2, the second electrode layer 3 and the third electrode layer 4 are 25-35 mm independently.
Preferably, the depth of the blind hole 5 is 80-100 mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the cross section of the innermost end of the blind hole 5 is 100-150 mm, and the diameter of the outermost end is larger than or equal to the diameter of the innermost end by 1-2 mm.
The invention provides a method for connecting the cermet inert anode with the gradient reticular metal phase structure and a metal conducting rod, which comprises the following steps:
one end of a round bar-shaped metal conducting rod 6 is placed in a blind hole 5 of a metal ceramic inert anode with a gradient net-shaped metal phase structure for friction welding;
the diameter of the metal conducting rod 6 is the same as that of the cross section of the innermost side of the blind hole 5.
Preferably, the rotating speed of the main shaft of the friction welding is 800-1000 rpm.
Preferably, the friction pressure of the friction welding is 35-50.0 MPa, the friction pressurizing time is 5-8 s, and the friction deformation is 5-10 mm.
Preferably, the upsetting pressure of the friction welding is 60-100 MPa, and the upsetting pressurization time is 1-3 s.
The total deformation of the friction welding is 5-8 mm.
Preferably, the metal conductive rod 6 is made of 310S stainless steel, 2520 stainless steel, Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr25Ni20, 2Cr25Ni20, GH4169, GH3128, GH3030, K605, K610 or K640.
The invention provides a metal ceramic inert anode with a gradient reticular metal phase structure, which comprises a central anode 1 and a metal ceramic inert anode which wraps the central anode 1 and is arranged from inside to outsideThe electrode comprises a first electrode layer 2, a second electrode layer 3 and a third electrode layer 4 which are arranged in sequence; the material of the central anode 1 is 45-60 wt% of Me-10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4The first electrode layer 2 is made of 25-35 wt% of Me-10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4The second electrode layer 3 is made of 15-20 wt% of Me-10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4The third electrode layer 4 is made of 10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4Me is Cu and/or Ni; a truncated cone-shaped blind hole 5 is formed in the surface of one side of the cermet inert anode with the gradient reticular metal phase structure, and the diameter of the cross section of the outermost end of the blind hole 5 is larger than that of the cross section of the innermost end; the blind hole 5 penetrates through the first electrode layer 2, the second electrode layer 3 and the third electrode layer 4 and exposes the central anode 1. In the present invention, the gradient network structure means that the macrostructure of the anode is a gradient layered structure, and the metal phase in the cermet layer is distributed in a network shape in view of the microstructure. The invention is realized by adding NiO-NiFe2O4The addition of the metal phase Cu and/or Ni to the cermet inert anode improves the property difference between the inert anode and the metal conducting rod 6 and promotes the diffusion of elements during welding. In the invention, the mass percentage of the metal phase in the central anode 1 and the first electrode layer 2, the second electrode layer 3 and the third electrode layer 4 is gradually reduced, so that the gold phase is in a gradient net structure, the thermal expansion coefficient of ceramic and metal can be reduced, an enough expansion space is provided for the metal conducting rod 6 and the anode, and the damage of the anode caused by the thermal expansion of the metal conducting rod 6 is avoided. Meanwhile, in the invention, the metal content is gradually reduced from the central anode to the outside, the central metal content is high, so that the low resistivity and the good thermal shock resistance are realized, the connection with the guide rod is easy to realize, and the outermost layer is completely ceramic, so that the requirement on the corrosion performance is met. The invention is realized by adding NiO-NiFe2O4NiO is added into the metal ceramic inert anode, so that ceramic sintering can be promoted, and the compactness and corrosion resistance of the metal ceramic inert anode are improved.
The invention provides a method for connecting a metal ceramic inert anode with a gradient net-shaped metal phase structure with a metal conducting rod, which adopts a friction welding mode, has simple operation, can conveniently and quickly realize the connection of the metal ceramic inert anode and the metal conducting rod 6, and can realize the firm combination of the conducting rod and the inert anode by filling the gap of a truncated cone-shaped blind hole 5 with a flash 7 generated by friction welding. The example results show that no crack appears at the welding position after welding by using the method of the invention, the connecting structure has high-temperature connecting strength of more than 40MPa, the electric conductivity of the connecting structure is higher than 100S/cm, and the time for bearing 960 ℃ high-temperature thermal shock and oxidation environment corrosion exceeds 100 hours.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cermet inert anode having a gradient network metal phase structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection of a cermet inert anode with a gradient network metal phase structure to a metal conducting rod; in fig. 1 and 2, 1-central anode, 2-first electrode layer, 3-second electrode layer, 4-third electrode layer, 5-blind hole, 6-metal conducting rod. 7-flash produced by friction welding.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cermet inert anode with a gradient reticular metal phase structure, which comprises a central anode 1, and a first electrode layer 2, a second electrode layer 3 and a third electrode layer 4 which wrap the central anode 1 and are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the material of the central anode 1 is 50 wt% Me-15 wt% NiO-NiFe2O4Preferably 50 wt% Me-15 wt% NiO-NiFe2O4The first electrode layer 2 is made of 25-35 wt% of Me-10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4Preferably 25 wt% Me-15 wt% NiO-NiFe2O4The second electrode layer 3 is made of 15-20 wt% of Me-10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4Preferably 15 wt% Me-15% NiO-NiFe2O4The third electrode layer 4 is made of 10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4Preferably 15 wt% NiO-NiFe2O4Me is Cu and/or Ni;
a truncated cone-shaped blind hole 5 is formed in the surface of one side of the cermet inert anode with the gradient reticular metal phase structure, and the diameter of the cross section of the outermost end of the blind hole 5 is larger than that of the cross section of the innermost end;
the blind hole 5 penetrates through the first electrode layer 2, the second electrode layer 3 and the third electrode layer 4 and exposes the central anode 1.
The invention has no special requirements on the shape and the size of the central anode 1, and the central anode is designed correspondingly according to the actual situation of aluminum electrolysis; as a specific embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the central anode 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped or a cylinder, and the size of the cylindrical central anode is Φ 300 × 450 mm. In the present invention, the thicknesses of the first electrode layer 2, the second electrode layer 3 and the third electrode layer 4 are independently preferably 25 to 35mm, and more preferably 28 to 32 mm.
In the invention, the material of the central anode 1 is 50 wt% Me-15 wt% NiO-NiFe2O4The material of the first electrode layer 2 is 25 wt% Me-15 wt% NiO-NiFe2O4The second electrode layer 3 is made of 15 wt% of Me-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4The material of the third electrode layer 4 is 15 wt% NiO-NiFe2O4Me is Cu and/or Ni. In the present invention, when Me is Cu and Ni, the present invention has no particular requirement on the mass ratio of Cu and Ni.
In the invention, the mass percentage of the Me metal phase in the central anode 1 and the first electrode layer 2, the second electrode layer 3 and the third electrode layer 4 is gradually reduced to form a metal phase gradient net structure, so that a sufficient expansion space can be provided for the metal conducting rod 6 and the anode, and the damage of the anode caused by the heat expansion of the metal conducting rod 6 is avoided.
In the invention, the depth of the blind hole 5 is preferably 80-100 mm, and more preferably 85-95 mm. In the invention, the diameter of the cross section of the innermost side of the blind hole 5 is preferably 100-150 mm, and more preferably 120-140 mm; the diameter of the outermost end is preferably larger than or equal to the diameter of the innermost end by 1-2 mm, and more preferably larger than or equal to 1.5 mm. According to the invention, through designing the shape of the blind hole 5, the flash generated during welding can be stored in the blind hole 5, and the firm combination of the conducting rod and the inert anode is realized.
The preparation method of the cermet inert anode with the gradient reticular metal phase structure has no special requirement, and the cermet inert anode is prepared according to a method well known by a person skilled in the art; as a specific embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the cermet inert anode with the gradient reticular metal phase structure comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a ceramic material: with Fe2O3Mixing with NiO, molding, presintering at 1000 deg.C for 6 hr, and presynthesizing to obtain NiFe2O4And (3) ceramic.
2) Crushing and screening the ceramic material: the ceramic material is crushed and sieved to obtain 0.50-0.3 mm main particles, 0.16-0.105 mm filling particles and less than 0.074mm ceramic powder.
3) Preparing materials: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out component proportioning on each layer of anode according to the pre-designed raw material components (ceramic material and metal, the metal is foam metal copper or foam metal nickel or foam copper nickel alloy, and the mass fraction) and the granularity ratio (ceramic main particles account for 42% in terms of 0.50-0.3 mm, filling particles account for 18% in terms of 0.16-0.105 mm, and fine powder accounts for 40%) of each layer of anode, and adding a binder into ceramic powder for mixing for later use.
4) Material die filling: three thin-wall metal cylinders with different diameters are placed in a die to form concentric cylinders, then materials corresponding to all the layers are placed in the corresponding layers, and all the thin-wall metal cylinders are slowly taken out after compaction. Then filling the materials corresponding to the upper layers.
5) Forming a blank body: and compacting the materials in the die by using a press under the pressure of 120-200 MPa, and demolding to obtain a raw blank.
6) And (3) sintering: and (3) placing the raw blank in a vacuum sintering furnace, sintering at 1000-1300 ℃, and preserving heat for 6-10 hours to prepare the cylindrical gradient mesh inert anode sample.
In the invention, the schematic structural diagram of the cermet inert anode with the gradient reticular metal phase structure is shown in fig. 1, wherein in fig. 1, 1 is a central anode, 2 is a first electrode layer, 3 is a second electrode layer, 4 is a third electrode layer, and 5 is a blind hole.
The invention provides a method for connecting a cermet inert anode with a gradient net-shaped metal phase structure and a metal conducting rod 6, which comprises the following steps:
one end of a round bar-shaped metal conducting rod 6 is placed in a blind hole 5 of a metal ceramic inert anode with a gradient net-shaped metal phase structure for friction welding;
the diameter of the metal conducting rod 6 is the same as that of the cross section of the innermost side of the blind hole 5.
The invention has no special requirement on the length of the round bar-shaped metal conducting rod 6, and the invention can be correspondingly designed according to the actual situation during aluminum electrolysis. In the present invention, the material of the metal conductive rod 6 is preferably 310S stainless steel, 2520 stainless steel, Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr25Ni20, 2Cr25Ni20, GH4169, GH3128, GH3030, K605, K610 or K640.
The present invention preferably uses an inertia friction welder to perform the friction welding. During the friction welding, the inert anode is clamped at the feeding end of the inertia friction welding machine, and the conducting rod is clamped at the rotating end of the inertia friction welding machine. In the invention, the rotating speed of the main shaft for friction welding is preferably 800-1000 rpm, and more preferably 900 rpm; the friction pressure of the friction welding is preferably 35-50 MPa, and more preferably 40-45 MPa; the friction pressurization time is preferably 5-8 s, and more preferably 6-7 s; the frictional deformation is preferably 5 to 10mm, and more preferably 6 to 8 mm. In the invention, the upsetting pressure of the friction welding is preferably 60-100 MPa, and more preferably 70-85 MPa; the upsetting press time is preferably 1 to 3 seconds, and more preferably 2 seconds. In the invention, the total deformation amount of the friction welding is preferably 5-8 mm, and more preferably 6-7 mm.
In the present invention, the connection between the cermet inert anode with gradient network metal phase structure and the metal conducting rod is schematically shown in fig. 2, wherein in fig. 2, 1-center anode 1, 6-metal conducting rod 6, 7-flash generated by friction welding.
The following will describe the cermet inert anode with gradient network metal phase structure and the connection method with the metal conducting rod in detail with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cermet inert anode having a gradient network metal phase structure as shown in figure 1 was prepared. The anode comprises a central anode 1 and a first electrode layer 2, a second electrode layer 3 and a third electrode layer 4 which wrap the central anode 1 and are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the central anode 1 is made of 50% of Cu-15% of NiO-NiFe2O4(ii) a The material of the first electrode layer 2 is 25% Cu-15% NiO-NiFe2O4The thickness is 25 mm; the material of the second electrode layer 3 is 15% of Cu-15% of NiO-NiFe2O4The thickness is 30 mm; the material of the third electrode layer 4 is 15% NiO-NiFe2O4And the thickness is 35 mm. A blind hole 5 with the diameter of a round table shape is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the anode, the hole depth is 80mm, the diameter of the small end of the round table is phi 100mm, and the diameter of the large end is 1mm larger than that of the small end.
Preparing a round bar Cr18Ni9Ti metal conductive rod 6 with the diameter of phi 100mm, clamping an inert anode at the feeding end of an inertia friction welding machine, clamping the conductive rod at the rotating end of the inertia friction welding machine, and setting welding parameters as follows: main shaft rotating speed: 800 rpm; friction pressure: 35 MPa; friction pressurization time: 5.0 s; frictional deformation: 5.0 mm; upsetting pressure: 60 MPa; upsetting and pressurizing time: 1.0 s; total deformation amount: 8.0 mm. And starting friction welding to finish the connection of the metal ceramic inert anode with the gradient net metal phase structure and the Cr18Ni9Ti metal conducting rod 6.
And testing the high-temperature strength of the weld joint by using a GB/T4338 and 2006 high-temperature tensile test method for the metal material. The results show that no cracks appear at the welded part after welding, the connecting structure has 43MPa high-temperature connecting strength at 960 ℃, the electric conductivity of the connecting structure is higher than 122S/cm, and the connecting structure can bear 960 ℃ high-temperature thermal shock and oxidation environment erosion for more than 100 hours.
Example 2
A cermet inert anode having a gradient network metal phase structure as shown in figure 1 was prepared. The anode comprises a central anode 1 and a first electrode layer 2, a second electrode layer 3 and a third electrode layer 4 which wrap the central anode 1 and are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the central anode 1 is made of 20 wt% of Cu, 30 wt% of Ni, 15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4(ii) a The material of the first electrode layer 2 is 10 wt% Cu-15 wt% Ni-15 wt% NiO-NiFe2O4The thickness is 25 mm; the material of the second electrode layer 3 is 6 wt% Cu-9 wt% Ni-15 wt% NiO-NiFe2O4The thickness is 25 mm; the material of the third electrode layer 4 is 15% NiO-NiFe2O4The thickness is 25 mm. A blind hole 5 with the diameter of a round table shape is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the anode, the hole depth is 80mm, the diameter of the small end of the round table is phi 120mm, and the diameter of the large end of the round table is 2mm larger than that of the small end.
Preparing a round bar-shaped GH4169 metal conducting rod 6 with the diameter of phi 120mm, clamping an inert anode at the feeding end of an inertia friction welding machine, clamping the conducting rod at the rotating end of the inertia friction welding machine, and setting welding parameters as follows: main shaft rotating speed: 1000 rpm; friction pressure: 40 MPa; friction pressurization time: 7.0 s; frictional deformation: 8.0 mm; upsetting pressure: 80 MPa; upsetting and pressurizing time: 2.0 s; total deformation amount: 5.0 mm. And starting friction welding to finish the connection of the metal ceramic inert anode with the gradient net metal phase structure and the GH4169 metal conducting rod 6.
And testing the high-temperature strength of the weld joint by using a GB/T4338 and 2006 high-temperature tensile test method for the metal material. The results show that no cracks appear at the welded part after welding, the connecting structure has high-temperature connecting strength of 48MPa at 960 ℃, the electric conductivity of the connecting structure is higher than 113S/cm, and the connecting structure can bear 960 ℃ high-temperature thermal shock and oxidation environment erosion for more than 100 hours.
Example 3
A cermet inert anode having a gradient network metal phase structure as shown in figure 1 was prepared. The anode comprises a central anode 1 and a first electrode layer 2, a second electrode layer 3 and a third electrode layer 4 which wrap the central anode 1 and are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the central anode 1 is made of 50 wt% of Ni-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4(ii) a The material of the first electrode layer 2 is 25 wt% Ni-15 wt% NiO-NiFe2O4The thickness is 30 mm; the material of the second electrode layer 3 is 15 wt% Ni-15 wt% NiO-NiFe2O4The thickness is 35 mm; the material of the third electrode layer 4 is 15% NiO-NiFe2O4And the thickness is 35 mm. The anode has a diameter at the middle of its upper surfaceThe hole depth is 100mm for the round platform-shaped blind hole 5, the diameter of the small end of the round platform is phi 150mm, and the diameter of the large end is 2mm larger than that of the small end.
Preparing a round bar-shaped K610 metal conducting rod 6 with the diameter of phi 150mm, clamping an inert anode at the feeding end of an inertia friction welding machine, clamping the conducting rod at the rotating end of the inertia friction welding machine, and setting welding parameters as follows: main shaft rotating speed: 1000 rpm; friction pressure: 50 MPa; friction pressurization time: 8.0 s; frictional deformation: 10.0 mm; upsetting pressure: 100 MPa; upsetting and pressurizing time: 3.0 s; total deformation amount: 8.0 mm. And starting friction welding to finish the connection of the metal ceramic inert anode with the gradient net-shaped metal phase structure and the K610 metal conducting rod 6.
And testing the high-temperature strength of the weld joint by using a GB/T4338 and 2006 high-temperature tensile test method for the metal material. The results show that no cracks appear at the welding position after welding, the connection structure has the high-temperature connection strength of 45MPa, the electric conductivity is higher than 108S/cm, and the time for bearing 960 ℃ high-temperature thermal shock and oxidative environment corrosion exceeds 100 hours.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cermet inert anode with a gradient reticular metal phase structure comprises a central anode (1) and a first electrode layer (2), a second electrode layer (3) and a third electrode layer (4) which wrap the central anode (1) and are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the central anode (1) is made of 45-60 wt% of Me-10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4The first electrode layer (2) is made of 25-35 wt% of Me-10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4The second electrode layer (3) is made of 15-20 wt% of Me-10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4The third electrode layer (4) is made of 10-15 wt% of NiO-NiFe2O4Me is Cu and/or Ni;
the surface of one side of the cermet inert anode with the gradient reticular metal phase structure is provided with a truncated cone-shaped blind hole (5), and the diameter of the cross section of the outermost end of the blind hole (5) is larger than that of the cross section of the innermost end;
the blind hole (5) penetrates through the first electrode layer (2), the second electrode layer (3) and the third electrode layer (4) and exposes the central anode (1).
2. The cermet inert anode with gradient network metal phase structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the thickness of the first (2), second (3) and third (4) electrode layers independently ranges from 25 to 35 mm.
3. The cermet inert anode with gradient network metallic phase structure according to claim 2, characterised in that the depth of the blind holes (5) is 80-100 mm.
4. The cermet inert anode with gradient mesh metal phase structure according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the diameter of the cross section of the innermost end of the blind hole (5) is 100-150 mm, and the diameter of the outermost end is more than or equal to the diameter of the innermost end and is 1-2 mm.
5. The method for connecting a cermet inert anode having a gradient net-like metallic phase structure with a metal conducting rod as recited in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
one end of a round bar-shaped metal conducting rod (6) is placed in a blind hole (5) of a metal ceramic inert anode with a gradient net-shaped metal phase structure for friction welding;
the diameter of the metal conducting rod (6) is the same as that of the cross section of the innermost side of the blind hole (5).
6. The joining method according to claim 5, wherein the rotation speed of the main shaft for friction welding is 800 to 1000 rpm.
7. The connecting method according to claim 5, wherein the friction welding has a friction pressure of 35 to 50.0MPa, a friction pressing time of 5 to 8s, and a friction deformation of 5 to 10 mm.
8. The connecting method according to claim 5, wherein the upset forging pressure of the friction welding is 60 to 100MPa, and the upset forging pressing time is 1 to 3 seconds.
9. The joining method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the total deformation amount of the friction welding is 5 to 8 mm.
10. The connection method according to claim 5, wherein the metallic conductive rod (6) is made of 310S stainless steel, 2520 stainless steel, Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr25Ni20, 2Cr25Ni20, GH4169, GH3128, GH3030, K605, K610 or K640.
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