CN113430357A - Heat treatment flow production system and method - Google Patents
Heat treatment flow production system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113430357A CN113430357A CN202110589269.8A CN202110589269A CN113430357A CN 113430357 A CN113430357 A CN 113430357A CN 202110589269 A CN202110589269 A CN 202110589269A CN 113430357 A CN113430357 A CN 113430357A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/36—Regeneration of waste pickling liquors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment flow production system and a heat treatment flow production method, which comprises a distributing machine, a front cleaning machine, a quenching furnace, a quenching tank, a hot cleaning machine, a cold cleaning machine, a tempering furnace and a control unit which are arranged in sequence according to a heat treatment process, wherein the control unit is used for the integral control of a production system; a material distributing roller and a material distributing driver are arranged on a material groove of the material distributing machine, the material distributing roller is transversely arranged along the material distributing direction, one or more hard rubber scrapers are arranged on the material distributing roller, and the material distributing driver is used for driving the material distributing roller to reversely rotate along the conveying direction of the bearing ring; the front cleaning machine comprises a front cleaning mesh belt horizontally arranged, a spray chamber is arranged above the front cleaning mesh belt, a front cleaning oil-water separation device is arranged below the front cleaning mesh belt, and the front cleaning oil-water separation device is used for cleaning liquid purification of the front cleaning machine. The deformation after heat treatment is small, the surface is not damaged by collision, the color is uniform, and the color is bright silver ash; the hardness is uniform, the hardness difference HRC of parts in the same batch is less than or equal to 2, and the hardness difference HRC of different positions of the same part is less than or equal to 1.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat treatment of bearing parts, in particular to a flow production system and a flow production method for heat treatment.
Background
A bearing is a common mechanical component, and is generally assembled by a bearing ring, a ball and a retainer, wherein the bearing ring includes an inner ring and an outer ring of an annular structure. The bearing ring needs to be subjected to heat treatment to improve the hardness, so that the bearing has longer service life, and the assembly line process is mostly adopted for treatment in order to ensure the efficiency and the quality of the heat treatment.
For example, the chinese patent application No. 201510497920.3 discloses a heat treatment line for bearing rings, which sequentially performs pre-cleaning, quenching, hot cleaning, cold cleaning and tempering in a flow line manner, so as to realize automation of the heat treatment line for bearing rings, and has high production efficiency. But practice shows that the pipeline heat treatment still has more defects: 1. the position where the bearing ring cannot be well arranged, overlapped and accumulated during conveying after direct feeding is quenched, so that uneven hardness distribution is easy to occur; 2. the cleaning of the workpiece is very important before and after the heat treatment, otherwise, the residual oil stain can pollute a hearth of the vacuum furnace to influence the heat treatment quality, if the workpiece is not cleaned completely after quenching, a large amount of smoke can be generated during tempering, on one hand, the service life of the hearth of the tempering furnace can be shortened, and on the other hand, the workshop production environment is deteriorated.
In view of the above, it is necessary to improve the existing heat treatment line to solve the above problems and to improve the heat treatment quality of the bearing ring.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the difficulties, the invention provides a heat treatment flow production system and a heat treatment flow production method, which can effectively clean the bearing ring before and after heat treatment, ensure the heat treatment quality and avoid the pollution of the uncleaned dregs to a hearth in the heat treatment process.
The invention relates to a heat treatment flow production system, which comprises a distributing machine, a front cleaning machine, a quenching furnace, a quenching tank, a hot cleaning machine, a cold cleaning machine, a tempering furnace and a control unit which are sequentially arranged according to a heat treatment process, wherein the control unit is used for the integral control of the production system;
a material distributing roller and a material distributing driver are arranged on a material groove of the material distributing machine, the material distributing roller is transversely arranged along the material distributing direction, one or more hard rubber scrapers are arranged on the material distributing roller, and the material distributing driver is used for driving the material distributing roller to reversely rotate along the conveying direction of the bearing ring;
the front cleaning machine comprises a horizontally arranged front cleaning mesh belt, a spray chamber is arranged above the front cleaning mesh belt, a front cleaning oil-water separation device is arranged below the front cleaning mesh belt, and the front cleaning oil-water separation device is used for cleaning liquid of the front cleaning machine;
the interior of the quenching furnace is of a muffle-free structure, and the quenching furnace comprises a preheating section and a heating section;
the quenching tank comprises a tank body, the tank body is arranged below a blanking port of the quenching furnace, a water tank is arranged on the side wall of the tank body, the water tank is communicated with the front cleaning oil-water separation device for heat exchange, a lifting machine is arranged in the tank body, a smoke exhaust ventilator is arranged above an outlet of the lifting machine, and a combustion device is arranged on an external pipeline of the smoke exhaust ventilator;
the hot cleaning machine comprises a hot cleaning mesh belt, three stations of soap water immersion cleaning, first strong soap water spraying and first strong air drying which are distributed according to a hot cleaning sequence are arranged above the hot cleaning mesh belt, and a hot cleaning oil-water separation device is arranged below the hot cleaning mesh belt;
the cold cleaning machine comprises a cold cleaning mesh belt, three stations, namely soap water cooling, second strong soap water spraying and second strong air blow drying, which are distributed according to a cold cleaning sequence, are arranged above the cold cleaning mesh belt, and a cold cleaning oil-water separation device is arranged below the cold cleaning mesh belt.
Furthermore, a height adjusting assembly is further arranged on the distributing machine and used for adjusting the height between the distributing roller and the trough.
Specifically, the front-cleaning oil-water separation device comprises a liquid storage circulation tank, a first water pump and a second water pump, wherein the first water pump is used for extracting circulation liquid in the liquid storage circulation tank to spray a bearing ring, the liquid storage circulation tank comprises a multistage settling zone, a filtering zone and an oil-water separation zone which are sequentially communicated, the filtering zone comprises a turnover filtering box, a filtering plate is arranged above a bottom plate of the turnover filtering box, the lower part of the filtering plate is communicated with a first water inlet of the first water pump, one side of the turnover filtering box is provided with a baffle, the other side of the turnover filtering box is provided with a water outlet tongue, the baffle is provided with a through hole for communicating the turnover filtering box with the multistage settling zone, the water outlet tongue is used for overflowing the circulation liquid in the turnover filtering box to the oil-water separation zone, the oil-water separation zone is provided with a circulating oil scraper, and the bottom of the oil-water separation zone is communicated with a second water inlet of the second water pump, and a second water outlet of the second water pump is communicated with the multi-stage sedimentation zone and/or the first water inlet.
The multistage settling zone comprises a liquid storage box, a primary settling box and a secondary settling box which are sequentially communicated, the liquid storage box is used for storing circulating liquid sprayed by a first water pump, the circulating liquid overflows to the primary settling box from the liquid storage box, the primary settling box is communicated with the bottom of the secondary settling box, and the baffle is located between the secondary settling box and the surge filtering box.
Furthermore, a surge pipe communicated with the liquid storage tank is arranged in the surge filtering tank, the height of a surge water inlet of the surge pipe is lower than the height of the periphery of the liquid storage tank, and the height of a surge water outlet of the surge pipe is lower than the height of a water outlet tongue.
Further specifically, the filtering area still includes dross filtering case, one side of turning over the filter box is located to the dross filtering case, the middle part and the oil water separation district intercommunication of dross filtering case, be equipped with detachable construction's dross filter screen on the dross filtering case, the circulation liquid overflows to dross filtering case by the play water tongue.
Furthermore, the oil-water separation area comprises a primary separation box and a secondary separation box which are sequentially communicated, the middle part of the scum filtering box is communicated with the primary separation box, the circulating liquid overflows from the primary separation box to the secondary separation box, and the circulating oil scraper is used for oil-water separation of the secondary separation box.
Further preferably, a pipe dropping device is arranged at the bottom of the secondary separation box and used for dropping a round pipe of the circulating oil scraper.
Furthermore, the pipe dropping device comprises a cylinder and vertical plates, the vertical plates are arranged at two ends of the cylinder, the vertical plates are used for suspending the middle part of the cylinder and are arranged in the secondary separation box, the circular pipe is sleeved in the middle part of the cylinder, and the bottom of the vertical plates is attached to the bottom of the secondary separation box.
Furthermore, the bottoms of the scum filtering tank, the primary separating tank and the secondary separating tank are respectively provided with a water outlet branch pipe, and the water outlet branch pipes are communicated with the second water inlet.
Further, the device comprises a main water inlet pipe, a drain pipe and a liquid level meter, wherein the liquid level meter is arranged in the secondary separation box, the main water inlet pipe and the drain pipe are respectively provided with a main water inlet valve and a drain valve, the main water inlet pipe is communicated with the primary sedimentation box, the liquid level meter is electrically connected with the main water inlet valve, and the drain pipe is communicated with a water outlet branch pipe.
Further, still be equipped with the filter on the inlet tube of first water pump, the both ends of filter are equipped with the reserve pipe of intercommunication, be equipped with the reserve valve on the reserve pipe.
Furthermore, a pre-cleaning drying box is arranged at the outlet of the front cleaning machine.
Further specifically, the heating section includes casing, heating control device, the quenching guipure that runs through in the casing is installed to the casing below, shells inner wall installs adiabatic heat preservation, the casing top is equipped with and extends to the intraformational atmosphere stirring fan of adiabatic heat preservation, many radiant tubes are transversely installed according to bearing ring's direction of delivery interval to adiabatic heat preservation lateral wall, the radiant tube is connected with the heating control device electricity, still install atmosphere detection controlling means in the adiabatic heat preservation.
Further, the quenching tank further comprises a moving device, a stirring device and a circulating cooling device, wherein the moving device is installed in the tank body and located below the blanking port, and the stirring device and the circulating cooling device are installed above the tank body.
Furthermore, a cleaning room for cleaning a bearing ring at the bottom of the groove body is arranged on the side surface of the groove body.
Further, one side of the distributing machine is also provided with a feeding machine, and the feeding machine is communicated with a hopper of the distributing machine.
Furthermore, a pressure gauge and an adjusting valve are installed on a water outlet pipeline of the front cleaning machine.
A method of heat treatment comprising the steps of:
s1, arranging the bearing rings by a material distributor at a horizontal interval of 3-10 mm;
s2, spraying and cleaning the bearing ring by adopting a cleaning solution at 40-70 ℃;
s3, preheating, heating to 820-;
s4, carrying out oil bath quenching at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ in a quenching tank, and carrying out oil removal treatment on an elevator;
s5, hot cleaning at 40-60 ℃, and cold cleaning at 5-10 ℃;
s6, 150 ℃ and 300 ℃, and tempering is carried out for 3-5 h.
Preferably, after completion of step S2, further air-cooled drying is performed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the bearing rings are uniformly laid and distributed, the bearing rings are not attached and stacked, the cleaning effect of pre-cleaning and the heating uniformity in the heating process are effectively improved, the deformation after heat treatment is small, the surface is not damaged by collision, the color is uniform, and the color is bright silver ash; the hardness is uniform, the hardness difference HRC of parts in the same batch is less than or equal to 2, and the hardness difference HRC of different positions of the same part is less than or equal to 1.
2. The precleaning liquid exchanges heat with the quenching tank through the water tank, the temperature of the quenching tank is reduced, meanwhile, the precleaning liquid is heated, so that the precleaning effect is better, the precleaning pressure is adjusted to the cleaning pressure matched with the quality of the bearing ring through the pressure gauge and the adjusting valve, and the cleaning device is suitable for cleaning the bearing rings with different specifications.
3. The heat treatment flow production system recycles cleaning liquid, separates oil from water, pumps out hot oil gas in the quenching tank through the smoke exhaust ventilator, discharges the hot oil gas out for combustion, and is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.
4. The continuous heat treatment of bearing parts (bearing rings) is realized, the automation degree is high, and the method can be applied to industrial large-scale production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distribution architecture of a flow production system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a distributing machine;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a front-cleaning oil-water separation device (in the figure, the arrow indicates the cleaning liquid flowing direction);
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure B-B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the water tank and the tank body;
fig. 7 is a schematic side view of the tank and the trough body (the arrow in the figure indicates the flowing direction of the cleaning solution).
Wherein, 1-a material distributor, 2-a front cleaning machine, 3-a quenching furnace, 4-a quenching tank, 5-a hot cleaning machine, 6-a cold cleaning machine, 7-a tempering furnace, 8-a material distributing roller, 9-a material distributing driver, 10-a hard rubber scraper, 11-a front cleaning mesh belt, 12-a spray chamber, 13-a front cleaning oil-water separation device, 14-a bearing ring, 15-a lifter, 16-a smoke exhaust ventilator, 17-a hopper, 18-a height adjusting component, 19-a pre-cleaning drying box, 20-a pressure gauge, 21-an adjusting valve, 22-a groove body, 23-a blanking port, 24-a water tank, 25-a preheating section, 26-a heating section, 27-a material groove and 28-a heat exchange pipeline,
a liquid storage circulation pool, 132-a first water pump, 133-a second water pump, 134-a multi-stage settling zone, 135-a filtering zone, 136-an oil-water separation zone, 137-a surge filtering box, 138-a filtering plate, 139-a first water inlet, 1310-a baffle, 1311-a water outlet tongue, 1312-a through hole, 1313-a circulating oil scraper, 1314-a liquid storage box, 1315-a primary settling box, 1316-a secondary settling box, 1317-a surge pipe, 1318-a surge water inlet, 1319-a surge water outlet, 1320-a scum filtering box, 1321-a scum filtering screen, 1322-a primary separating box, 1323-a secondary separating box, 1324-a pipe falling device, 1325-a cylinder, 1326-a vertical plate, 1327-a water outlet branch pipe, 1328-a total water inlet pipe, 1329-a water outlet pipe, 1330-a liquid level meter, 1331-main water inlet valve, 1332-water outlet valve, 1333-filter, 1334-spare pipe, 1335-spare valve, 1336-round pipe, 1337-secondary water inlet, 1338-secondary water outlet.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the heat-treated flow production system of the present invention comprises a material distributor, a front cleaning machine, a quenching furnace, a quenching tank, a hot cleaning machine, a cold cleaning machine, a tempering furnace and a control unit, which are arranged in sequence according to a heat treatment process, wherein the control unit is used for overall control of the production system;
a material distributing roller and a material distributing driver are arranged on a material groove of the material distributing machine, the material distributing roller is transversely arranged along the material distributing direction, one or more hard rubber scrapers are arranged on the material distributing roller, and the material distributing driver is used for driving the material distributing roller to reversely rotate along the conveying direction of the bearing ring;
the front cleaning machine comprises a horizontally arranged front cleaning mesh belt, a spray chamber is arranged above the front cleaning mesh belt, a front cleaning oil-water separation device is arranged below the front cleaning mesh belt, and the front cleaning oil-water separation device is used for cleaning liquid of the front cleaning machine;
the interior of the quenching furnace is of a muffle-free structure, and the quenching furnace comprises a preheating section and a heating section;
the quenching tank comprises a tank body, the tank body is arranged below a blanking port of the quenching furnace, a water tank is arranged on the side wall of the tank body, a lifting machine is arranged in the tank body, a smoke exhaust ventilator is arranged above an outlet of the lifting machine, and a combustion device is arranged on an external pipeline of the smoke exhaust ventilator;
the hot cleaning machine comprises a hot cleaning mesh belt, three stations of soap water immersion cleaning, first strong soap water spraying and first strong air drying which are distributed according to a hot cleaning sequence are arranged above the hot cleaning mesh belt, and a hot cleaning oil-water separation device is arranged below the hot cleaning mesh belt;
the cold cleaning machine comprises a cold cleaning mesh belt, three stations, namely soap water cooling, second strong soap water spraying and second strong air blow drying, which are distributed according to a cold cleaning sequence, are arranged above the cold cleaning mesh belt, and a cold cleaning oil-water separation device is arranged below the cold cleaning mesh belt.
As shown in fig. 2, a height adjusting assembly is further arranged on the distributing machine and used for adjusting the height between the distributing roller and the trough. The height adjusting assembly comprises a portal frame arranged above the material groove, a first waist-shaped groove and a second waist-shaped groove which are used for the two ends of the material distributing roller to pass through are arranged on the portal frame, the two ends of the material distributing roller are of a step structure, namely the diameters of the round platforms at the two ends are smaller than the size of the middle part, height adjusters are arranged on the outer sides of the first waist-shaped groove and the second waist-shaped groove, and the height adjusters are sleeved with the two ends of the material distributing roller. The distance between the distributing roller and the upper surface of the material groove is adjusted through the height adjuster so as to adapt to the distribution of bearing rings with different specifications.
The top and the below of silo still are equipped with hopper and vibrating motor respectively, and vibrating motor is connected with the power, and vibrating motor produces the vibration and is used for ordering about on hopper inner bearing ring to the silo. And a material port regulator for regulating the size of the discharge port is arranged on the discharge port of the hopper, and the size of the discharge port is regulated through the material port regulator. The altitude controller is screw mechanism, and screw mechanism includes adjusting screw and the mount that the helicitic texture connects, and the mount sets up along portal frame length direction's the outside, is equipped with the lifter plate in the mount, be equipped with on the lifter plate with the through-hole of cloth roller suit, the top surface and the adjusting screw of lifter plate rotate to be connected, adjustment handle is installed at adjusting screw's top, the width of lifter plate is the same with the inboard width of mount. When adjusting the cloth roller height, rotate adjustment handle, adjust cloth roller to suitable high back, reopen vibrating motor and cloth driver, the hopper interior bearing ring is under vibrating motor's drive, by the discharge gate vibration to the silo on, arrange in order to the tiling state through rotatory hard rubber scraper blade again. Wherein the material port regulator is a screw mechanism, a sealing plate is arranged on the material outlet and connected with the material port regulator, and the size of the sealed material outlet of the sealing plate is regulated by the material port regulator. In another embodiment, the adjusting screw is provided with a locking nut, and after the height of the distributing roller is adjusted, the connecting part of the adjusting screw and the fixing frame is locked through the locking nut, so that the stability in the distributing process is better.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the front cleaning oil-water separation device includes a liquid storage circulation tank, a first water pump and a second water pump, the first water pump is used for pumping circulation liquid in the liquid storage circulation tank to spray the bearing ring, the liquid storage circulation tank includes a multistage settling zone, a filtering zone and an oil-water separation zone which are sequentially communicated, the filtering zone includes a surge filtering tank, a filtering plate is arranged above a bottom plate of the surge filtering tank for filtering solid impurities in the circulation liquid through the filtering plate, a lower portion of the filtering plate is communicated with a first water inlet of the first water pump, one side of the surge filtering tank is provided with a baffle, the other side of the surge filtering tank is provided with a water outlet tongue, the baffle is provided with a through hole for communicating the surge filtering tank with the multistage settling zone, the water outlet tongue is used for overflowing circulation liquid (cleaning liquid) in the surge filtering tank to the oil-water separation zone, the oil-water separation zone is provided with a circulation oil scraper, and a second water outlet of the second water pump is communicated with the multistage settling zone.
The multistage settling zone comprises a liquid storage box, a primary settling box and a secondary settling box which are sequentially communicated, the liquid storage box is used for storing circulating liquid after the first water pump sprays, the liquid storage box is of a square structure and has a large water storage volume, the circulating liquid overflows to the primary settling box through the liquid storage box, the bottoms of the primary settling box and the secondary settling box are communicated, and the baffle is located between the secondary settling box and the surge filter box. And a surge inlet of the surge pipe is lower than the peripheral height of the liquid storage tank, and a surge outlet of the surge pipe is lower than the height of the water outlet tongue. Circulating liquid without scum in the liquid storage tank quickly turns over and gushes into the gushing filter tank through the gushing pipe, and then the circulating liquid passes through the filter screen and is supplied to the first water pump to spray the bearing ring. The filter area also comprises a scum filtering box which is arranged on one side of the turnover filter box, the middle part of the scum filtering box is communicated with the oil-water separation area, a scum filter screen with a detachable structure is arranged on the scum filtering box, and the circulating liquid overflows to the scum filtering box from the water outlet tongue. The detachable structure specifically comprises a frame plate arranged on the periphery of the scum filter screen, the frame plate is connected with the scum filtering box through screws, and the scum filter screen can be detached by detaching the screws. The oil-water separation area comprises a primary separation box and a secondary separation box which are sequentially communicated, the middle part of the scum filtering box is communicated with the primary separation box, circulating liquid overflows from the primary separation box to the secondary separation box, and the circulating oil scraper is used for oil-water separation of the secondary separation box.
And a pipe dropping device is arranged at the bottom of the secondary separation box and is used for dropping a round pipe of the circulating oil scraper. The pipe falling device comprises a cylinder and a vertical plate, the vertical plate is of a rectangular structure, the cylinder and the vertical plate are made of metal materials and are welded to be manufactured, the vertical plate is arranged at two ends of the cylinder, the vertical plate is used in the middle of the cylinder and is arranged in a secondary separating box in a suspension mode, a circular pipe is sleeved in the middle of the cylinder, the bottom of the vertical plate is attached to the bottom of the secondary separating box, the circular pipe is fallen into circulating liquid through the weight of the pipe falling device, the circular pipe is prevented from being in a floating state due to buoyancy of the circulating liquid, and the circulating oil scraper is enabled to scrape oil more stably. And water outlet branch pipes are arranged at the bottoms of the scum filtering tank, the primary separating tank and the secondary separating tank and communicated with the second water inlet. And pumping the circulating liquid without floating oil at the bottom of each tank body into the primary settling tank through a water outlet branch pipe.
The primary sedimentation tank is characterized by further comprising a main water inlet pipe, a drain pipe and a liquid level meter, wherein the liquid level meter is arranged in the secondary separation tank, the main water inlet pipe and the drain pipe are respectively provided with a main water inlet valve and a drain valve, the main water inlet pipe is communicated with the primary sedimentation tank, the liquid level meter is electrically connected with the main water inlet valve, and the drain pipe is communicated with the water outlet branch pipe. The main water inlet pipe is connected with a tap water pipe, the liquid level meter is electrically connected with a power supply, when the liquid level meter monitors that the liquid level is lower than a preset position, the main water inlet valve is controlled to supply water to the water tank so as to ensure the water supply of the recycling device, the second water pump pumps the recycled liquid of the water outlet branch pipe to the primary settling tank for recycling, and the liquid in the water tank is discharged through the drain pipe when the recycled liquid needs to be replaced. Still be equipped with the filter on the inlet tube of first water pump, the both ends of filter are equipped with the stand-by pipe of intercommunication, are equipped with the stand-by valve on the stand-by pipe. When the filter needs to be cleaned or replaced, the filter is disassembled, corresponding plugging is carried out, the standby valve is opened again, circulating liquid pumped by the first water pump enters through the standby pipe, the oil liquid filtering and recycling device is not stopped during cleaning of the filter, and normal production of the bearing ring is guaranteed.
The liquid storage tank is internally provided with a pipeline for exchanging heat with the water tank, the smoke discharging water tank is integrally rectangular, as shown in figures 6 and 7, the water tank is communicated with the front cleaning oil-water separation device for exchanging heat, the specific structure of the water tank is a double-layer metal structure, the middle part of the tank body is communicated with the water tanks on the two side walls through a plurality of heat exchanging pipelines, the heat exchanging pipelines are arranged near the middle part of the tank body and avoid interfering with other mechanisms in the tank body, the pipelines in the embodiment are ten stainless steel pipes with the wall thickness of 1.5mm, the water tanks on the two sides are respectively provided with a water tank inlet pipe and a water tank outlet pipe, cleaning liquid enters from the water tank on one side and flows out from the other side, the heat exchange pipeline is used for exchanging heat with quenching oil in the tank body, a pre-cleaning drying box is further arranged at the outlet of the front cleaning machine, a fan is installed in the pre-cleaning drying box, and the pre-cleaned bearing ring is dried through the fan.
The heating section comprises a shell and a heating control device, a quenching mesh belt penetrating through the shell is installed below the shell, a heat insulation layer is installed on the inner wall of the shell, an atmosphere stirring fan extending into the heat insulation layer is arranged above the shell, a plurality of radiant tubes are transversely installed on the side wall of the heat insulation layer at intervals along the conveying direction of the bearing ring, the radiant tubes are electrically connected with the heating control device, and an atmosphere detection control device is further installed in the heat insulation layer. The atmosphere in the furnace is RX gas cracked by a natural gas cracking furnace, carbon black is not easily adhered to parts such as the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, and the hardness uniformity after quenching is good. The appearance is uniform silver gray, and the surface has no decarburization and oxidation. The carbon potential in the quenching furnace is detected by an oxygen probe, the carbon potential information in the quenching furnace is transmitted to a carbon potential controller, and the carbon potential is automatically controlled by calculating and adjusting an electromagnetic valve.
The quenching tank further comprises a shifting device, a stirring device and a circulating cooling device, wherein the shifting device is arranged in the tank body and located below the blanking port, and the stirring device and the circulating cooling device are arranged above the tank body. The main structures of the play device, the stirring device and the circulating cooling device are the existing structures, the play device is driven by a variable frequency motor, the rotation speed is adjustable, and the up-down play speed is variable in frequency and adjustable according to different sizes of the bearing ring. Thereby achieving the purposes of improving the quenching and cooling effect, reducing the deformation of the parts and avoiding the generation of troostite tissues and soft points of the parts.
And a cleaning room for cleaning a bearing ring at the bottom of the tank body is arranged on the side surface of the tank body.
One side of the distributing machine is also provided with a feeding machine, and the feeding machine is communicated with a hopper of the distributing machine. And a pressure gauge and an adjusting valve are arranged on a water outlet pipeline of the front cleaning machine. Five cleaning tubes are horizontally arranged in the spray chamber at intervals, atomization spray heads are installed on the cleaning tubes at intervals, spray pressure is adjusted according to the self quality of the bearing ring, and the selected cleaning pressure cannot enable the bearing ring to move on the front cleaning mesh belt.
The control unit is PLC controller and PC, and the PLC controller passes through the net gape and is connected with the PC communication, to production line: the comprehensive real-time digital display monitoring, management and execution process control of temperature, transmission, motor, heating, carbon potential, cooling, safety and the like are realized.
A method of heat treatment comprising the steps of:
s1, arranging the bearing rings by a material distributor at a horizontal interval of 3-10 mm;
s2, spraying and cleaning the bearing ring by adopting a cleaning solution at 40-70 ℃;
s3, preheating, heating to 820-;
s4, carrying out oil bath quenching at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ in a quenching tank, and carrying out oil removal treatment on an elevator;
s5, hot cleaning at 40-60 ℃, and cold cleaning at 5-10 ℃;
s6, 150 ℃ and 300 ℃, and tempering is carried out for 3-5 h.
The material GCr15 is quenched by a production system, HQ-156 is selected as a pre-cleaning agent, stock solution is diluted by tap water of 8 times, atomization spray drying and quenching are adopted for pre-cleaning, the hardness detection standard is a GB230 metal Rockwell hardness test method, the hardness values of four quadrant points on the front surface and the back surface of the bearing ring are tested by the same part, and 10 tested hardness values are arbitrarily selected for the parts of the same batch (100 and 200KG in one batch and selected according to the volume of a heat treatment furnace).
The test values for the examples and comparative examples are as follows:
Claims (10)
1. a heat treatment flow production system is characterized by comprising a distributing machine, a front cleaning machine, a quenching furnace, a quenching tank, a hot cleaning machine, a cold cleaning machine, a tempering furnace and a control unit which are sequentially arranged according to a heat treatment process, wherein the control unit is used for the integral control of the production system;
a material distributing roller and a material distributing driver are arranged on a material groove of the material distributing machine, the material distributing roller is transversely arranged along the material distributing direction, one or more hard rubber scrapers are arranged on the material distributing roller, and the material distributing driver is used for driving the material distributing roller to reversely rotate along the conveying direction of the bearing ring;
the front cleaning machine comprises a horizontally arranged front cleaning mesh belt, a spray chamber is arranged above the front cleaning mesh belt, a front cleaning oil-water separation device is arranged below the front cleaning mesh belt, and the front cleaning oil-water separation device is used for cleaning liquid of the front cleaning machine;
the interior of the quenching furnace is of a muffle-free structure, and the quenching furnace comprises a preheating section and a heating section;
the quenching tank comprises a tank body, the tank body is arranged below a blanking port of the quenching furnace, a water tank is arranged on the side wall of the tank body, the water tank is communicated with the front cleaning oil-water separation device for heat exchange, a lifting machine is arranged in the tank body, a smoke exhaust ventilator is arranged above an outlet of the lifting machine, and a combustion device is arranged on an external pipeline of the smoke exhaust ventilator;
the hot cleaning machine comprises a hot cleaning mesh belt, three stations of soap water immersion cleaning, first strong soap water spraying and first strong air drying which are distributed according to a hot cleaning sequence are arranged above the hot cleaning mesh belt, and a hot cleaning oil-water separation device is arranged below the hot cleaning mesh belt;
the cold cleaning machine comprises a cold cleaning mesh belt, three stations, namely soap water cooling, second strong soap water spraying and second strong air blow drying, which are distributed according to a cold cleaning sequence, are arranged above the cold cleaning mesh belt, and a cold cleaning oil-water separation device is arranged below the cold cleaning mesh belt.
2. The thermally treated flow production system of claim 1, wherein: still be equipped with height adjusting assembly on the cloth machine, height adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the height between cloth roller and the silo.
3. The thermally treated flow production system of claim 2, wherein: and a pre-cleaning drying box is also arranged at the outlet of the front cleaning machine.
4. The thermally treated flow production system of claim 3, wherein:
the heating section comprises a shell and a heating control device, a quenching mesh belt penetrating through the shell is installed below the shell, a heat insulation layer is installed on the inner wall of the shell, an atmosphere stirring fan extending into the heat insulation layer is arranged above the shell, a plurality of radiant tubes are transversely installed on the side wall of the heat insulation layer at intervals along the conveying direction of the bearing ring, the radiant tubes are electrically connected with the heating control device, and an atmosphere detection control device is further installed in the heat insulation layer.
5. The thermally treated flow production system of claim 4, wherein:
the water tank is double-deck metal construction, the water tank of wall runs through the intercommunication through many heat exchange pipeline with the both sides in the middle part of cell body, heat exchange pipeline is close to the middle part setting of cell body.
6. The thermally treated flow production system of claim 5, wherein: and a cleaning room for cleaning a bearing ring at the bottom of the tank body is arranged on the side surface of the tank body.
7. The thermally treated flow production system of claim 6, wherein: one side of the distributing machine is also provided with a feeding machine, and the feeding machine is communicated with a hopper of the distributing machine.
8. The thermally treated flow production system of claim 7, wherein: and a pressure gauge and an adjusting valve are arranged on a water outlet pipeline of the front cleaning machine.
9. A method of heat treatment, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, arranging the bearing rings by a material distributor at a horizontal interval of 3-10 mm;
s2, spraying and cleaning the bearing ring by adopting a cleaning solution at 40-70 ℃;
s3, preheating, heating to 820-;
s4, carrying out oil bath quenching at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ in a quenching tank, and carrying out oil removal treatment on an elevator;
s5, hot cleaning at 40-60 ℃, and cold cleaning at 5-10 ℃;
s6, 150 ℃ and 300 ℃, and tempering is carried out for 3-5 h.
10. The method of heat treatment according to claim 9, characterized in that: after completion of step S2, air-cooled drying is further performed.
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| CN115198082A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-18 | 李伟斌 | Metal heating furnace capable of improving heating effect |
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